Ground stabilization system, module therefor, safety strip, runway

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil stabilization system (10) for safety strips on runways, comprising a load distribution layer (11) and a vault layer (12) below the load distribution layer (11).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a ground stabilization system for safety strips on runways and a module for such a system.

[0002] So-called safety strips are provided, particularly on the sides, of airport runways. These are intended to slow down aircraft departing from the runway in a defined manner, regardless of weather conditions. At the same time, they should still allow access by land vehicles, namely emergency vehicles and maintenance vehicles.

[0003] A ground stabilization system according to the invention, particularly for lateral safety strips on runways, has the features of claim 1. Preferably, a load distribution layer and a vault layer are provided below the load distribution layer. Additional layers may also be provided to improve the overall properties of the system and / or to fulfill additional properties.

[0004] Cavities are formed in the arched layer that collapse under a defined load. The cavities are preferably defined as raised areas bounded by curved walls, but can also be defined by flat or level walls or in some other way. A defined load is a wheel or group of wheels of a large passenger aircraft or comparable cargo aircraft. Large aircraft are considered to be aircraft with a takeoff and / or landing weight of at least 30,000 kg, preferably 50,000 kg or more.

[0005] As the cavities collapse, the respective wheel sinks deeper into the system. Rolling resistance increases significantly. This effect is largely independent of weather conditions. Lightweight vehicles are not affected.

[0006] In particular, the load distribution layer extends into the vault layer from above without penetrating the cavities, as long as these do not collapse. For this purpose, the vault layer can have suitable gaps open from above. The load distribution layer preferably extends over a height of at least 7 cm, measured from the top edge of the vault layer. The combined load distribution layer and vault layer preferably reach a height of 12 cm or more.

[0007] According to a further aspect of the invention, the load-distribution layer can comprise a mineral substrate layer or be designed as such. The mineral substrate can be controlled or selected with regard to its properties. In particular, this relates to the installation density, water permeability, water storage capacity, and / or compressive strength. The mineral substrate itself can also be selected such that, above a defined load, a reduction in volume occurs, for example, through the collapse of voids in grains of the mineral substrate. After the volume reduction, the mineral substrate can have lower flowability and thus higher rolling resistance.

[0008] According to a further aspect of the invention, the mineral substrate layer can contain expanded glass gravel, in particular crushed and / or open-pore expanded glass gravel. Expanded glass gravel has a high water storage capacity.

[0009] According to a further aspect of the invention, the mineral substrate layer can additionally contain lightweight construction materials, in particular foam glass, lava, pumice, expanded clay, and / or expanded slate. The lightweight construction materials can be selected, in particular, to control the flowability and / or water storage capacity.

[0010] According to a further aspect of the invention, the mineral substrate layer can additionally contain organic components, in particular a finished compost with a proportion of organic components. Alternatively or additionally, topsoil can be added, also with a reduction in the use of lightweight building materials.

[0011] According to a further concept of the invention, the vault layer can comprise several adjacent vault elements, each forming a downwardly open cavity, and the vault elements are preferably components of a vault plate. The vault elements collapse under a defined load, so that the cavities disappear.

[0012] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, it can be provided that the vault plate is formed in one piece with several vault elements, in particular with several vault elements next to one another and one behind the other.

[0013] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, it can be provided that the arched plate with the arched elements is produced from a plate by deep drawing.

[0014] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, it can be provided that the vault elements and in particular the vault plate are made of a polymer building material.

[0015] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, it can be provided that the arch elements have a compressive strength of 100 kN / m 2 or more.

[0016] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, it can be provided that the vault layer has intermediate spaces between the vault elements, which are preferably filled with material of the load distribution layer.

[0017] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, it can be provided that additional upright walls are arranged in the load distribution layer, wherein the upright walls preferably form a grid for dividing the load distribution layer.

[0018] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, it can be provided that the upright walls have openings for the passage of liquids, in particular for a passage in the horizontal direction.

[0019] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, it can be provided that the vault layer between the vault elements accommodates the upright walls which extend into the load distribution layer.

[0020] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, it can be provided that the arch layer has locking elements between the arch elements or on their sides for holding the upright walls.

[0021] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, it can be provided that the upright walls have locking elements for connection to locking elements of the vault layer.

[0022] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, a vegetation cover layer can be provided above the load distribution layer.

[0023] According to a further aspect of the invention, a barrier layer can be provided, preferably below the vault layer, wherein the barrier layer comprises in particular an activatable geo-building material, and wherein the barrier layer is preferably a pollutant barrier.

[0024] According to a further aspect of the invention, a reinforcement layer may be provided, in particular to increase the load-bearing capacity of the system and preferably above the load distribution layer or below the vault layer.

[0025] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, a limit load capacity of 300 kN / m 2 up to 1000 kN / m 2 , especially 400 kN / m 2 up to 600 kN / m 2 be provided.

[0026] According to a further idea of ​​the invention, a construction height of at least 10 cm and a reduction of the construction height of 50% to 90% can be provided if a limit load-bearing capacity is exceeded.

[0027] A module according to the invention for producing a soil stabilization system has a vault layer and upright walls arranged thereon.

[0028] According to a further aspect of the invention, the module may have a load distribution layer above the arch layer, wherein the upright walls are arranged in the load distribution layer.

[0029] According to a further aspect of the invention, the module may have outer walls, in particular for lateral support of a load distribution layer.

[0030] A safety strip according to the invention, in particular a lateral safety strip for runways, comprises a ground stabilization system according to the invention and / or modules according to the invention.

[0031] A runway according to the invention has, in particular, safety strips on the sides with a ground stabilization system according to the invention and / or modules according to the invention.

[0032] As explained above, the invention particularly comprises a greenable, weather-independent and pollutant-binding soil stabilization system for side areas (so-called graded portions) along runways, as well as for aircraft, rescue, recovery and maintenance vehicles.

[0033] Compared to conventional ground structures, the soil stabilization system has an increased retention effect against approaching aircraft, thus limiting the area affected by accidents. To meet regulatory requirements regarding the construction of so-called "graded portions," surfaces should be created that, on the one hand, are preferably covered with vegetation year-round to prevent erosion effects such as wind, water, and aircraft exhaust jets. On the other hand, they should ensure access for rescue, recovery, and maintenance vehicles, regardless of weather conditions—wet, dry, or frosty—and also ensure that aircraft veering off laterally from the runway (so-called "veer-off") sink in a defined manner. In particular, the sinking should be limited to a height of 15 cm. Conventional, mostly single-layer ground structures do not meet this requirement.With the present invention, a soil stabilization system with a multi-layer composite structure, it has now been possible to fully meet these requirements.

[0034] Furthermore, an optional idea of ​​the invention is to bind, in the event of an accident, escaping operating materials, including kerosene, and / or pollutants released by extinguishing agents, including PFAS, or to achieve a barrier effect and / or to divert them via the soil stabilization system.

[0035] Further features of the invention will become apparent from the description and the claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. They show: Fig. 1 Section through a soil stabilization system, Fig. 2+ Fig. 3 Fastening of vertical walls by welding or lashing, e.g. with cable ties or similar, Fig. 4+ Fig. 5+ Fig. 6+ Fig. 7+ Fig. 8 Stabilizer as additional stiffening of the vertical walls, for folding and snapping or welding on a vault plate, Fig. 9+ Fig. 10+ Fig. 11+ Fig. 12+ Fig. 13+ Fig. 14 Alignment / arrangement of vertical walls, including staggered rows or chambers, Fig. 15+ Fig. 16 View of several chambers / modules for pre-cultivation, in particular minimum dimensions: 0.80 m × 2.00 m, Fig. 17+ Fig. 18+ Fig. 19+ Fig. 20+ Fig. 21+ Fig. 22+ Fig. 23+ Fig. 24 views structure vault slab, vault and webs, Fig. 25+ Fig. 26+ Fig. 27 area of ​​a chamber, Fig. 28+ Fig. 29+ Fig. 30 View characteristics bars, slotted, locking / click element, spring hook, Fig. 31 Section through pre-cultivated soil stabilization system, Fig. 32+ Fig. 33+ Fig. 34+ Fig. 35 views vertical walls, closed, perforated / slit, mesh-like, Fig. 36+ Fig. 37+ Fig. 38+ Fig. 39 ribs / expansions / recesses on vertical walls, for snapping, clicking, hooking - linear / point-shaped / flat, Fig. 40 Cross-section of vertical walls with snap connections, Fig. 41+ Fig. 42+ Fig. 43+ Fig. 44+ Fig. 45 Vertical walls in composite construction, in particular with glued, bonded, woven or welded in a polymer matrix, high-tensile strips, with or without perforation / recesses.

[0036] A soil stabilization system 10 with a composite structure consists of at least two components, preferably three to five or more components: Example I

[0037] Mineral substrate layer 11 as a load distribution layer, in particular with a height of at least 7 cm, Vault layer 12, in particular with a height of at least 4 cm. Example II.

[0038] Vegetation layer 13, in particular with a height of at least 2 cm, mineral substrate layer 11, in particular with a height of at least 7 cm, vault layer 12, in particular with a height of at least 4 cm. Example III.

[0039] Vegetation layer 13, in particular with a height of at least 2 cm, mineral substrate layer 11, in particular with a height of at least 7 cm, upright walls 14, in particular with a height of at least 12 cm, vault layer 12, in particular with a height of at least 4 cm. Example IV.

[0040] Mineral substrate layer 11, in particular with a height of at least 7 cm, upright walls 14, in particular with a height of at least 12 cm, vault layer 12, in particular with a height of at least 4 cm, barrier layer 15, preferably with activatable geobuilding material, in particular as a pollutant barrier. Example V

[0041] Vegetation layer 13, in particular with a height of at least 2 cm, mineral substrate layer 11, in particular with a height of at least 7 cm, vault layer 12, in particular with a height of at least 4 cm, barrier layer 15, preferably with activatable geobuilding material, in particular as a pollutant barrier. Example VI., as shown in Fig. 1.

[0042] Vegetation layer 13, in particular with a height of at least 2 cm, mineral substrate layer 11, in particular with a height of at least 7 cm, upright walls 14, in particular with a height of at least 12 cm, vault layer 12, in particular with a height of at least 4 cm, barrier layer 15, preferably with activatable geobuilding material, in particular as a pollutant barrier.

[0043] Between the vegetation layer 13 and the mineral substrate layer 11 and / or below the barrier layer 15, here with activatable geo-building material, a reinforcement layer 16 made of a geo-building material can be added if required, see also Fig. 1.

[0044] The soil stabilization system 10 here consists of a three-dimensional, rigid base plate (geobuilding material) as a vault layer 12, with embedded, in particular high-tensile vertical walls 14 and a graded, storage-stable, drainable and storage-capable mineral substrate in the mineral substrate layer 11. When a defined limit stress is reached, the soil stabilization system 10 reacts independently of the weather with a sudden plastic volume reduction.

[0045] The three-dimensional soil stabilization system 10 advantageously consists of the interlocking layers 11, 12, 14 and the non-separated and / or superimposed layers 13, 15, 16. Depending on the requirements and intended use, not all of the aforementioned layers need to be provided.

[0046] The walls 14 and / or the vault layer 12 are made of polymer construction materials such as HDPE, PE, PP, PVC, or their recyclates, and are filled with the mineral substrate of the mineral substrate layer 11 as a load-distribution layer. The vegetation layer 13 is pre-cultivated as a covering layer with certified seed for airfields or is intended for pre-cultivation, e.g., turf or similar.

[0047] The three-dimensional soil stabilization system 10 preferably has a total thickness (construction height) of at least 10 cm, with a weather-independent plastic volume change from a defined limit load-bearing capacity starting at 400 kN / m 2 up to 600kN / m 2 , which leads to a cross-sectional reduction of the system (reduction in height) of 50-90%.

[0048] The soil stabilization system 10 has the barrier layer 15 on the underside, with a geo-building material that can be activated chemically, preferably for binding and / or discharging pollutants such as PFAS, kerosene, oils, fire residues, etc.

[0049] The soil stabilization system 10, with a total thickness (construction height) of at least 10 cm, consists of modules 17, preferably with dimensions of 80 cm wide x 240 cm long or more. The modules 17 are secured to one another by means of plug-in / lock-in connections (particularly reversible) against displacement / lifting (detail image / absorbable nodal forces) and may have peripheral outer walls (not shown).

[0050] A three-dimensional vaulted plate 18 for forming the vault layer 12 of the soil stabilization system 10 has a construction height of at least 4 cm, here consisting of a sequence of rectangularly arranged elevations 19, also referred to as vaults or vault elements, with preferably round, rectangular, or pyramidal upper surfaces. The diameter of the elevations 19 and the surface dimensions are at least 4 cm or 4 cm x 4 cm. Between the elevations 19 are web connections 20 with a width of preferably at least 1 cm, in particular slotted and / or with snap-in / click elements 26 and / or spring hooks 27. Fig. 28-30, to accommodate the walls 14, and additional drainage openings 21, the latter with a diameter of 1.5 cm or more, with a compressive strength of the vaults of 100 kN / m 2 or more. Depending on the system, the arch plate 18 can be secured to the subsurface using ground screws / pegs.

[0051] The preferably permeable walls 14 of the soil stabilization system 10 are designed to be snapped, latched, or welded to the arch plate 18. The walls 14 are closed and / or perforated and / or slotted, Fig. 32, Fig. 34, wherein the perforation preferably corresponds to at least 15% of the area of ​​a wall section, or consist of a mesh-like structure, see Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 33, Fig. 35, or from individual welded or woven strips 31, see Fig. 41-43, 45 with solid or perforated wall sections as supports and Fig. 44 stripes 31 connected by stiff vertical weft threads 32.

[0052] The minimum tensile strength of the walls 14 is in particular 10 kN. The walls 14 may have point-shaped or linear ribs 28, projections 29 and / or recesses 30, Fig. 36-40, to be connected to the vaulted plate 18, preferably by snapping or clicking. The walls 14 are arranged to form chambers 22 on the vaulted plate 18 and are connected to one another in a force-locking manner. The dimensions of a chamber 22 are 45 cm x 45 cm or more. The walls 14 can form parallel and / or consecutive linear structures / rows, also with a wave-shaped or rectangular orientation, see in particular Fig. 9-16, also staggered, in particular with a distance between the walls 14 of 45 cm or more.

[0053] Stabilizers 23 made of the same materials as the walls 14 or the arch layer 12 can preferably be provided centrally between two connection points 24 of a wall 14, for example, as additional stiffening and / or to increase a horizontal restoring force transverse to the direction of travel after a cross-sectional reduction or plastic volume change. The stabilizers 23 are preferably designed to be snapped onto or welded to the arch plate 18.

[0054] The chambers 22 of the soil stabilization system 10 are / will be filled with a graded mineral substrate with a layer thickness of 7 cm or more, measured from the upper edge of the elevations 19. Components of the mineral substrate are a framework and storage material made of crushed, open-pore expanded glass gravel, any other lightweight construction materials (foam glass, lava, pumice, expanded clay, expanded slate), and a small admixture of a fine-grained ready-mixed compost (5% by volume) with a limited organic content of less than 100 g / l. In addition, topsoil can be added, preferably with a reduction in the mineral lightweight construction materials, up to 10% by volume.

[0055] Preferred grain size distribution in the mineral substrate: Siebgröße in mm 0-0,06 0,06-0,2 0,2-0,6 0,6-2 2-6 6-32 Anteil in Massen-% 5-10 5-10 5-15 15-25 20-30 40-45

[0056] Preferred values ​​of the mineral substrate: Maximum grain size: max. 32 mm Installation density = 350 to 600 kg / m 3 (dry) Water permeability = 0.001 to 0.00001 m / s (depending on installation density, grain size distribution) max. water storage capacity: 30-65 volume% Compressive strength: > 400kN / m 2 , depending on installation density Grain strength of the largest grain: > 2N / mm 2 average pore volume > 10 volume%.

[0057] As an activatable geo-building material, a portion of activated carbon can be provided in the barrier layer 15, for example.

[0058] The soil stabilization system 10 rests on a prepared subgrade 25, Fig. 31. List of reference symbols as part of the description 10 Soil stabilization system 11 Mineral substrate layer 12 vault layer 13 vegetation layer 14 upright walls 15 Barrier layer 16 reinforcement layer 17 Module 18 Vaulted slab 19 elevations (vault elements) 20 bridge connections 21 drainage openings 22 chambers 23 stabilizers 24 connection points 25 Planum 26 snap-in elements 27 spring hooks 28 ribs 29 projections 30 recesses 31 stripes 32 weft threads

Claims

[1] Ground stabilization system (10) for runway safety strips, characterized by a load distribution layer (11) and a vault layer (12) below the load distribution layer (11). [2] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the load distribution layer (11) comprises a mineral substrate layer or is designed as such. [3] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the mineral substrate layer (11) contains expanded glass gravel, in particular broken and / or open-pored expanded glass gravel. [4] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the mineral substrate layer (11) additionally contains lightweight building materials, in particular foam glass, lava, pumice, expanded clay and / or expanded slate. [5] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the mineral substrate layer (11) additionally contains organic components, in particular a ready-made compost with a proportion of organic components. [6] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the arch layer (12) has a plurality of arch elements (19) arranged next to one another, wherein the arch elements (19) each form a downwardly open cavity, and wherein the arch elements (19) are preferably components of a arch plate (18). [7] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the arched plate (18) is formed in one piece with a plurality of arched elements (19), in particular with a plurality of arched elements (19) next to one another and one behind the other. [8] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the arch plate (18) with the arch elements (19) is made from one plate by deep drawing. [9] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the vault elements (19) and in particular the vault plate (18) are made of a polymer building material. [10] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the arch elements (19) have a compressive strength of 100 kN / m 2 or more. [11] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the arch layer (12) has spaces between the arch elements (19), which are preferably filled with material of the load distribution layer (11). [12] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that additional upright walls (14) are arranged in the load distribution layer (11), wherein the upright walls (14) preferably form a grid for dividing the load distribution layer (11). [13] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the upright walls (14) have openings for the passage of liquids, in particular for passage in the horizontal direction. [14] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the arch layer (12) between the arch elements (19) accommodates the upright walls (14) which extend into the load distribution layer (11). [15] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the arch layer (12) has locking elements (26, 27) between the arch elements (19) or on their sides for holding the upright walls (14). [16] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by that the upright walls (14) have locking elements (28, 29, 30) for connection to locking elements (26, 27) of the vault layer (12). [17] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a vegetation cover layer (13) above the load distribution layer (11). [18] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a barrier layer (15), preferably below the vault layer (12), wherein the barrier layer (15) comprises in particular an activatable geobuilding material, and wherein the barrier layer (15) is preferably a pollutant barrier. [19] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a reinforcement layer (16), in particular for increasing the load-bearing capacity of the system and preferably above the load distribution layer (11) or below the vault layer (12). [20] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a limit load capacity of 300 kN / m 2 up to 1000 kN / m 2 , especially 400 kN / m 2 up to 600 kN / m 2. [21] System according to one or more of the preceding claims, with a construction height of at least 10 cm and a reduction of the construction height of 50% to 90% if a limit load-bearing capacity is exceeded. [22] Module for producing a soil stabilization system (10) according to one or more of the preceding claims, comprising a vault layer (12) and upright walls (14) arranged thereon. [23] Module according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a load distribution layer (11) above the vault layer (12), wherein the upright walls (14) are arranged in the load distribution layer (11). [24] Module according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by External walls, in particular for lateral support of a load distribution layer (11). [25] Safety strips for runways, in particular for a lateral arrangement, with a ground stabilization system (10) and / or modules according to one or more of the preceding claims. [26] Runway with, in particular, lateral safety strips, which have a ground stabilization system (10) and / or modules according to one or more of the preceding claims.

Images