Temperature control arrangement for a vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a temperature control arrangement (1) for an electrically powered vehicle having a high-temperature circuit (3) and a low-temperature circuit (4), wherein a high-temperature temperature control medium is conducted in the high-temperature circuit (3) and a low-temperature temperature control medium is conducted in the low-temperature circuit (4). The high-temperature circuit (3) is a heat pump and comprises a liquid-cooled condenser (6) for at least partially condensing a compressed high-temperature temperature control medium and for dissipating the heat (W3) released in the process. The low-temperature circuit (4) comprises an energy storage heat exchanger arrangement (14) thermally coupled to an electrical high-voltage energy storage device (2) and through which the low-temperature temperature control medium can flow, and is thermally coupled to the liquid side of the liquid-cooled condenser (6).

Description

The invention relates to a temperature control arrangement for a vehicle.A high-voltage energy store for a vehicle, also referred to as an HV battery, has its maximum electrical performance within a specific temperature window. This requires cooling of the high-voltage energy store at high electrical power output and input and / or high ambient temperatures, but also active heating of the same, for example at low ambient temperatures and / or a required preliminary temperature control for a charging process which is imminent.It is generally known from the prior art that heating of a high-voltage energy store of a vehicle is carried out by means of an electric heater. In this case, a required electrical energy for the heater is provided by the high-voltage energy store itself.DE 11 2012 001 744 T5 already discloses a temperature control arrangement for an electrically operated vehicle having a high-temperature circuit and a low-temperature circuit, wherein a high-temperature temperature control medium is guided in the high-temperature circuit and a low-temperature temperature control medium is guided in the low-temperature circuit, the high-temperature circuit is a heat pump, and wherein the one compressor for compressing the high-temperature temperature temperature control medium is a liquid-cooled condenser, which is connected downstream of the compressor, for at least partial condensation of the compressed high-temperature temperature temperature control medium and release of heat thereby, a further high-temperature temperature temperature control medium, which is connected downstream of the liquid-cooled condenser, for condensation of the high-temperature temperature temperature control medium emerging from the liquid-cooled condenser, and release of heat thereby to a passenger compartment of the vehicle, an expansion device connected downstream of the further condenser for expanding the high-temperature temperature-control medium and an evaporator connected downstream of the expansion device and connected upstream of the compressor for evaporating the expanded high-temperature-control medium while absorbing heat, wherein the low-temperature circuit comprises an energy storage heat exchanger arrangement which is thermally coupled to an electrical high-voltage energy store and through which the low-temperature-control medium can flow, comprises a heat exchanger arrangement which is fluidically coupled to the energy storage heat exchanger arrangement and thermally coupled to the passenger compartment of the vehicle and through which the low-temperature-control medium can flow, and is thermally coupled to the liquid side of the liquid-cooled condenser.EP 4 257 383 A1 discloses an integrated vehicle thermal management system. The vehicle thermal management system includes a manifold assembly having a compressor and an accumulator and a plurality of rotary valves. The rotary valves are configured to selectively fluidically couple a first pump or a second pump to a high voltage coolant heater, a chiller with a water cooled condenser to affect different system configurations of heat transfer between a cabin area, a motor drive system, an electric battery, and an environment.The invention is based on the object of specifying a novel temperature control arrangement for a vehicle.The object is achieved according to the invention by a temperature control arrangement which has the features specified in claim 1.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.The temperature control arrangement according to the invention for an electrically operated vehicle comprises a high-temperature circuit and a low-temperature circuit, wherein a high-temperature temperature control medium is guided in the high-temperature circuit and a low-temperature temperature control medium is guided in the low-temperature circuit. The high temperature circuit is a heat pump and comprisesa compressor for compressing the high-temperature temperature-control medium,a liquid-cooled condenser connected downstream of the compressor for at least partial condensation of the compressed high-temperature temperature-control medium and dissipation of heat released in the process,a further condenser connected downstream of the liquid-cooled condenser for condensing the high-temperature temperature-control medium emerging from the liquid-cooled condenser and releasing heat released in the process to a passenger compartment of the vehicle,an expansion device connected downstream of the further condenser for expanding the high-temperature temperature-control medium,an evaporator connected downstream of the expansion device and connected upstream of the compressor for evaporating the expanded high-temperature temperature-control medium while absorbing heat,a further expansion device connected downstream of the further condenser for expanding the high-temperature temperature-control medium, anda further evaporator, connected downstream of the further expansion device and connected upstream of the compressor, for evaporating the expanded high-temperature temperature-control medium while absorbing heat.According to the invention, the expansion device and the further evaporator are arranged in an evaporator branch connected fluidically in parallel to the expansion device and the evaporator, and the further evaporator is thermally coupled to the surroundings of the vehicle.The low temperature circuitan energy storage heat exchanger arrangement which is thermally coupled to an electrical high-voltage energy store and through which the low-temperature temperature control medium can flow,a heat exchanger arrangement which is fluidically coupled to the energy storage heat exchanger arrangement and thermally coupled to the passenger compartment of the vehicle and through which the low-temperature temperature control medium can flow, andis thermally coupled to the liquid side of the liquid cooled condenser.By means of the present device, it is possible, using the high-temperature circuit designed as a heat pump, to heat the high-voltage energy store particularly energy-efficiently with little energy input if required and thus condition it for maximum electrical performance and / or optimized energy consumption during a charging process. In particular, the efficiency can be increased compared to heating the high-voltage energy store solely by means of an electric heater, since the high-temperature circuit designed as a heat pump has a significantly higher efficiency than such an electric heater.In this case, the high-temperature temperature-control medium flows after the compressor with its highest temperature directly through the liquid-cooled condenser. Due to the thermal coupling of the liquid-cooled capacitor to the low-temperature circuit, a particularly high amount of heat can thus be transferred into the low-temperature circuit, which enables efficient and effective heating of the high-voltage energy store. Due to the fluidic series connection of the liquid-cooled condenser and the condenser connected downstream thereof, the entire mass flow of the high-temperature temperature-control medium is applied to the liquid-cooled condenser and, in contrast to a fluidic parallel connection of the liquid-cooled condenser and the condenser, no division of the mass flow takes place. Thus, compared to the parallel connection, a lower compressor speed and compressor output can be achieved with the same thermal output of the liquid-cooled condenser. Furthermore, the series connection makes it possible that only one control unit, for example a valve, is required for activating or deactivating a simultaneous operation of the liquid-cooled capacitor and the capacitor.By means of the parallel-connected evaporator branch, a further heat source can be used for heating and evaporating the high-temperature temperature control medium and, as a result, a power of the high-temperature circuit designed as a heat pump can be increased.The thermal coupling of the further evaporator to the environment of the vehicle enables utilization of ambient heat, heating and evaporation of the high-temperature temperature-control medium.Furthermore, the low-temperature circuit is thermally coupled to an electrically operated heater for heating the low-temperature temperature-control medium. This heater enables additional heating of the low-temperature circuit and thus of the high-voltage energy store, in particular when a quantity of heat input via the liquid-cooled capacitor into the low-temperature circuit is not sufficient. However, compared to using the heater alone for heating the low-temperature circuit, the amount of electrical energy required for operating the heater can be significantly reduced by utilizing the heat from the high-temperature circuit designed as a heat pump. A range of the electrically operated vehicle can thus be increased with the same capacity of the high-voltage energy store or the capacity of the high-voltage energy store can be reduced with the same range. An electric heater with lower electric power can also be used, which results in a cost saving, space saving and cost saving.In a further possible configuration of the temperature control arrangement, the latter comprises a control device which is designed to control a heat flow from the liquid side of the liquid-cooled condenser to the energy storage heat exchanger arrangement. This enables an effective, easily implementable and situation-adjusted control of the heating of the high-voltage energy store.In a further possible embodiment of the temperature control arrangement, the control device is furthermore designed to determine the heat flow as a function of the temperaturea heating requirement in the passenger compartment and / or in a section of the passenger compartment and / ora number of occupants in the passenger compartment and / or in a portion of the passenger compartment and / ora seat-related preset of heating of the passenger compartment and / or a portion of the passenger compartmentto control. This allows an effectiveness and efficiency in heating the passenger compartment and the high-voltage energy store to be further increased. For example, if no heating of the passenger compartment and / or of a section of the passenger compartment is required, the amount of heat transferred from the liquid-cooled capacitor to the low-temperature circuit can be used completely to heat the high-voltage energy store without undesired comfort losses occurring for occupants of the vehicle.In a further possible configuration of the temperature control arrangement, the control device is furthermore configured to variably control a heating power of the heater as a function of a quantity of heat introduced into the low-temperature circuit by the liquid-cooled capacitor. This makes it possible, if the amount of heat transferred into the low-temperature circuit by the liquid-cooled capacitor is not sufficient for heating the high-voltage energy store, to heat the high-voltage energy store efficiently and quickly using the electric heater until a desired target temperature is reached.In a further possible configuration of the temperature control arrangement, the liquid side of the liquid-cooled condenser can be flowed through by the low-temperature temperature control medium and can be fluidically coupled or coupled to the energy storage heat exchanger arrangement and the heat exchanger arrangement. This direct fluidic coupling enables a particularly effective heat transfer between the high-temperature circuit and the low-temperature circuit.In a further possible embodiment of the temperature control arrangement, the evaporator is part of a chiller. In such an embodiment, a high amount of heat can be made available by the evaporator for heating the high-temperature temperature-control medium in a particularly energy-efficient manner even at low inlet temperatures.In a further possible configuration of the temperature control arrangement, the evaporator is thermally coupled or couplable to an electrical drive train of the vehicle and / or to the high-voltage energy store and is designed for absorbing heat from the drive train and / or the high-voltage energy store. This enables the absorption of waste heat emitted during operation of the electric drive train and / or of the high-voltage energy store for heating the high-temperature temperature-control medium, as a result of which a particularly high energy efficiency of the vehicle is achieved.In a further possible configuration of the temperature control arrangement, the high-voltage energy store is electrically coupled or couplable to the vehicle for the electrical supply of an electrical drive train of the vehicle. The heating of the high-voltage energy store makes it possible to condition it for a maximum electrical power capability before starting a trip in cold external conditions or for an optimized energy consumption before a charging process in cold external conditions, so that an availability and power capability of the electric drive train of the vehicle is increased. Also, due to the energy-efficient heating, a range of the electrically operated vehicle can be increased with the same capacity of the high-voltage energy store or the capacity of the high-voltage energy store can be reduced with the same range.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing.The following shows: FIG. 1 schematically shows a block diagram of a temperature control arrangement for a vehicle.The single FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a possible exemplary embodiment of a temperature control arrangement 1 according to the invention for an electrically operated vehicle.The vehicle comprises an electric drive train, not shown in more detail, and an electric high-voltage energy store 2, also referred to as a traction battery, which is electrically coupled or couplable to the drive train for the purpose of electrically supplying the drive train.The temperature control arrangement 1 comprises a high-temperature circuit 3 and a low-temperature circuit 4, wherein a high-temperature temperature control medium is guided in the high-temperature circuit 3 and a low-temperature temperature control medium is guided in the low-temperature circuit 4.The high-temperature circuit 3 is a heat pump, in particular an air-side heat pump, and comprises a compressor 5, a liquid-cooled condenser 6 connected downstream of the compressor 5 in the flow direction of the high-temperature temperature control medium, and a further condenser 7 connected downstream of the liquid-cooled condenser 6.The low-temperature circuit 4 comprises an energy storage heat exchanger arrangement 14, which is thermally coupled to the electrical high-voltage energy store 2 and through which the low-temperature temperature control medium can flow, a heat exchanger arrangement 16, which is fluidically coupled to the energy storage heat exchanger arrangement 14 and thermally coupled to a passenger compartment 15 of the vehicle and through which the low-temperature temperature control medium can flow, and a thermally coupled electrical heater 17.The low-temperature circuit 4 is thermally coupled to a liquid side of the liquid-cooled condenser 6 and thus thermally coupled to the high-temperature circuit 3. In particular, the liquid side of the liquid-cooled condenser 6 is fluidically coupled to the low-temperature circuit 4 and can be flowed through by the low-temperature temperature control medium.During operation of the high-temperature circuit 3, the condensed and expanded high-temperature temperature-control medium is evaporated in the evaporators 12, 13 with the supply of heat W 1, W 2 and fed to the compressor 5. The heat W 1 is, for example, waste heat generated during operation by means of the electric drive train and / or the high-voltage energy store 2. In a possible embodiment of the temperature control arrangement 1, the evaporator 12 is part of a chiller. The heat W 2 is, for example, ambient heat from a vehicle environment.The vaporized and heated high-temperature temperature control medium is then fed to the compressor 5, which compresses the latter.The high-temperature temperature-control medium thus compressed and heated is then fed to the liquid-cooled condenser 6 arranged on the high-pressure side of the high-temperature circuit 3, in which the latter partially condenses with the emission of heat W 3. The heat W 3 is fed into the low-temperature circuit 4. For example, the heat W 3 is supplied to the passenger cabin and / or the battery.Subsequently, the partially condensed high-temperature temperature control medium is fed to the condenser 7, in which the latter condenses, in particular completely, with the emission of heat W 4. The emitted heat W 4 is used, for example, to heat the passenger compartment 15.The condensed high-temperature temperature control medium is then fed to the expansion devices 10, 11 and expanded therein and fed again to the evaporators 12, 13 arranged on the low-pressure side of the high-temperature circuit 3.The high-temperature circuit 3 designed as a heat pump thus enables both efficient heating and cooling of the passenger compartment 15 and integration of the low-temperature circuit 4 with the high-voltage energy store 2 and the electric drive train by means of the evaporator 12 designed, for example, as a chiller, via which waste heat of the high-voltage energy store 2 and / or of the electric drive train can be discharged directly into the high-temperature circuit 3. Since the evaporator 12 is arranged on the low-pressure side of the heat pump, it is limited to a heat absorption from the high-voltage energy store 2 and / or from the electric drive train.The low-temperature circuit 4 is provided for tempering the passenger compartment 15, for example a section of the passenger compartment 15, for example a rear region of the passenger compartment 15. For this purpose, the heat W 3 transferred from the liquid-cooled condenser 6 to the low-temperature circuit 4 is used. The thermal energy of the low-temperature circuit 4 is used to temperature the passenger compartment 15 by means of the heat exchanger arrangement 16. Since a quantity of heat transferred from the liquid-cooled condenser 6 is not always sufficient for the temperature control of the passenger compartment 15 or is not always available fast enough, the heater 17 can additionally be used to heat the low-temperature temperature control medium. The waste heat generated by the high-voltage energy store 2 during its operation can also be used to heat the low-temperature temperature-control medium. For this purpose, the waste heat is transferred via the energy storage heat exchanger arrangement 14 into the low-temperature circuit 4.In certain situations, for example at low ambient temperatures and / or before a charging process, it is necessary, however, also to heat the high-voltage energy store 2. For this heating, in the temperature control arrangement 1 shown, the heat W 3 transferred from the liquid-cooled condenser 6 into the low-temperature circuit 4 is used.To control the use of the heat W 3 transferred from the liquid-cooled capacitor 6 into the low-temperature circuit 4 for heating the high-voltage energy store 2, a control device is provided in a manner not shown in more detail. This is designed to control a heat flow from the liquid side of the liquid-cooled condenser 6 to the energy storage heat exchanger arrangement 14, for example by actuating a valve, which is not shown in detail.For example, the heat W 3 can be used to heat the high-voltage energy store 2 if it is not used or is used only partially to temperature the passenger compartment 15 via the heat exchanger arrangement 16.For this purpose, the control device is designed, for example, to determine the heat flow from the liquid side of the liquid-cooled condenser 6 to the energy storage heat exchanger arrangement 14 as a function of the heat flowa heating requirement in the passenger compartment 15 and / or in a section of the passenger compartment 15 and / ora number of occupants in the passenger compartment 15 and / or in a portion of the passenger compartment 15 and / orcontrolling a seat-related preset of a heating of the passenger compartment 15 and / or a portion of the passenger compartment 15.For example, ifno or only a small heating requirement for a second and / or third row of seats of the vehicle is present,no persons are located in the second and / or third row of seats (detection, for example, by seat occupant sensors) and / ortemperature preconditioning is activated only for a driver and a passenger of the vehicle and is deactivated for other occupants,the heat W 3 is used at least partially for heating the high-voltage energy store 2.In addition, the electric heater 17 can also be used to heat the low-temperature temperature control medium and thus to heat the high-voltage energy store 2 if the heat W 3 is not sufficient for the demand of the high-voltage energy store 2. The heater 17 has an efficiency of at most 1, which means that at most the amount of energy drawn from the high-voltage energy store 2 by the heater 17 can be discharged as heat to the low-temperature circuit 4. As a result of the alternative or additional use of the liquid-cooled capacitor 6, an efficiency during the heating of the high-voltage energy store 2 is significantly increased. This results from the use of the high-temperature circuit 3 designed as a heat pump and the heat W 3 emitted by the liquid-cooled condenser 6 arranged therein. Thus, an efficiency in the heating of the high-voltage energy store 2 can be significantly increased.For example, there are also application cases, for example a controlled state of the passenger compartment 15, in which a required heating power for the latter drops to a lower level. In such applications, an even further possible thermal energy to be emitted by the liquid-cooled capacitor 6 can be used to heat the high-voltage energy store 2. If the thermal energy is not sufficient, the heater 17 can additionally be used, but at least be operated with a reduced power compared to the sole use thereof. In one possible configuration, the control device is therefore furthermore designed to variably control a heating power of the heater 17 as a function of a quantity of heat introduced into the low-temperature circuit 4 by the liquid-cooled capacitor 6.List of reference characters1 Temperature control arrangement 2 High-voltage energy store 3 High-temperature circuit 4 Low-temperature circuit 5 Compressor 6 Liquid-cooled condenser 7 Condenser 8 Evaporator branch 9 Evaporator branch 10 Expansion device 11 Expansion device 12 Evaporator 13 Evaporator 14 Energy store heat exchanger arrangement 15 Passenger compartment 16 Heat exchanger arrangement 17 Heater W 1 Heat W 2 Heat W 3 Heat W 4 Heat

Claims

Temperature control arrangement (1) for an electrically operated vehicle having a high-temperature circuit (3) and a low-temperature circuit (4), wherein a high-temperature temperature control medium is guided in the high-temperature circuit (3) and a low-temperature temperature control medium is guided in the low-temperature circuit (4), wherein the high-temperature circuit (3) is a heat pump and - a compressor (5) for compressing the high-temperature temperature temperature control medium, - a liquid-cooled condenser (6) connected downstream of the compressor (5) for at least partially condensing the compressed high-temperature temperature temperature control medium and releasing heat (W3), - a further condenser (7) connected downstream of the liquid-cooled condenser (6) for condensing the high-temperature temperature temperature control medium exiting from the liquid-cooled condenser (6) and releasing heat (W4) to a passenger compartment (15) of the vehicle, an expansion device (10) connected downstream of the further condenser (7) for expanding the high-temperature temperature control medium and comprising - an evaporator (12) connected downstream of the expansion device (10) and connected upstream of the compressor (5) for evaporating the expanded high-temperature temperature temperature control medium while absorbing heat (W1), - a further expansion device (11) for expanding the high-temperature temperature control medium is connected downstream of the further condenser (7), - a further evaporator (13) connected downstream of the further expansion device (11) and connected upstream of the compressor (5) for evaporating the expanded high-temperature temperature temperature control medium while absorbing heat (W2) is present, - the further expansion device (11) and the further evaporator (13) are arranged in an evaporator branch (9) connected fluidically in parallel to the expansion device (10) and the evaporator (12), and wherein the low-temperature circuit (4) comprises - an energy storage heat exchanger arrangement (14), which is thermally coupled to an electrical high-voltage energy store (2) and through which the low-temperature temperature control medium can flow, - a heat exchanger arrangement (16), which is fluidically coupled to the energy storage heat exchanger arrangement (14) and thermally coupled to the passenger compartment (15) of the vehicle and through which the low-temperature control medium can flow, - is thermally coupled to the liquid side of the liquid-cooled condenser (6) and - is thermally coupled to an electrically operated heater (17) for heating the low-temperature control medium, characterized in that the further evaporator (13) is thermally coupled to an environment of the vehicle.Temperature control arrangement (1) according to Claim 1, characterized bya control device which is designed to control a heat flow from the liquid side of the liquid-cooled condenser (6) to the energy storage heat exchanger arrangement (14).Temperature control arrangement (1) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the control device is furthermore designed to control the heat flow as a function of - a heating requirement in the passenger compartment (15) and / or in a section of the passenger compartment (15) and / or - a number of occupants in the passenger compartment (15) and / or in a section of the passenger compartment (15) and / or - a preset setting, in a seat-based manner, of heating of the passenger compartment (15) and / or a section of the passenger compartment (15).Temperature control arrangement (1) according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the control device is furthermore designed to variably control a heating power of the heater (17) as a function of an amount of heat introduced into the low-temperature circuit (4) by the liquid-cooled condenser (6).Temperature control arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the low-temperature temperature control medium can flow through the liquid side of the liquid-cooled condenser (6) and is coupled or can be coupled fluidically to the energy storage heat exchanger arrangement (14) and the heat exchanger arrangement (16).Temperature control arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporator (12) is part of a chiller.Temperature control arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporator (12) is thermally coupled or couplable to an electrical drive train of the vehicle and / or to the high-voltage energy store (2) and is designed for absorbing heat from the drive train and / or the high-voltage energy store (2).Temperature control arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the high-voltage energy store (2) is electrically coupled or couplable to the vehicle for the electrical supply of an electrical drive train of the vehicle.

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