CONNECTION ADAPTER

Abstract

Connection adapter for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve of a third-party system in which a working fluid circulates in a closed circuit, in particular an air conditioning system, with a connection via which pressurised working fluid from the maintenance station can be fed into the connection adapter for filling or via which pressurised working fluid can be discharged, with a dead space which is ventilated via a venting path even when the service valve is coupled to the connection adapter, with a servo chamber which is fluidically connectable to the connection, in which a servo piston is accommodated for opening and closing the venting path, which is urged by an overpressure in the servo chamber towards its position closing the venting path, and with a valve spindle which actuates a first valve element and a second valve element, wherein the first valve element is designed and positioned such thatthat when the valve spindle is moved to push open the service valve, it fluidically connects the servo chamber with the connection and the second valve element is designed and positioned such that it only opens and fluidically connects the dead space with the servo chamber after the servo piston has reached a position closing the venting path and with a hold-down device for opening the spring valve insert forming a component of the service valve, which is designed and arranged such that it only opens the spring valve insert after the servo piston has reached a position closing the venting path.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The invention relates to a connection adapter for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve according to the preamble of claim 1. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

[0002] So-called connection adapters are often used to safely create a detachable flow path between two fluid systems, with one system usually being equipped with these connection adapters.

[0003] For example, evacuation, filling, service and maintenance stations for automotive air conditioning systems (Kfz = motor vehicle) are equipped with such connection adapters in order to be able to safely carry out the filling with refrigerant, the draining of the refrigerant, the evacuation or even service activities on automotive air conditioning systems.

[0004] Modern vehicle air conditioning systems often use more environmentally friendly CO2 as a refrigerant. CO2 as a refrigerant in vehicle air conditioning systems is an environmentally friendly alternative to the previously widely used refrigerant tetrafluoroethane (also known as R134a). CO2 is significantly more environmentally friendly, has high cooling capacity, is non-flammable, forms no decomposition products, and is available worldwide at low cost. In refrigeration technology, the natural refrigerant carbon dioxide (CO2) is abbreviated to R744. However, in order to have CO2 available in the required liquid state, it must be exposed to significantly higher pressure than tetrafluoroethane, which can lead to dangerous conditions for operating personnel when filling or discharging the CO2 as a refrigerant.

[0005] In general, the automotive industry and the automotive trade place high demands on the properties of connection fittings such as the aforementioned connection adapters due to the environmental impact of refrigerant releases and / or the risk to operating personnel. The use of environmentally friendly CO2 as a refrigerant has further tightened these requirements due to the aforementioned very high pressure. Accordingly, such connection fittings should / must, for example: - have a pressure relief function; - have a self-alignment function of the valve pusher; - have a separate and unique function for opening and closing a service valve; - cannot be removed from the service valve when the flow path is open; - have a locking mechanism for secure connection to a service valve; - be clearly marked for assignment to the high pressure or low pressure of a fluid system to be connected; - ensure secure engagement on a valve body before hydraulic opening; - have a withdrawal force in the locked position of more than 5,000 N; - after hydraulic closing, require a maximum pulling force of less than 50 N; - if the service valve is not connected, ensure that no fluid (refrigerant) can leak out; - prevent mechanical uncoupling from the service valve when the flow path is open; - be designed for at least 5,000 mating cycles; - have a vent for the dead space between the connection adapter and the service valve in order to reduce the pressure after interrupting the flow path and before uncoupling, and to be able to detect a valve insert in the service valve that is not closing properly; - ensure pressure reduction via the connection fittings or via the service device and - have a defined pin pressure position; - maintain a precisely defined place and path until the seal is broken and the service valve is fully opened.

[0006] These requirements sometimes require very contradictory functions, so that no previously known solution can implement them in their entirety.

[0007] Furthermore, the majority of existing solutions lack the long-term durability of their sealing systems and the high degree of leak tightness during operation. This is especially true at the high system pressures that must be handled with CO2. In particular, the diametrically opposed requirements of opening and closing a flow path and venting the dead space, as well as the requirement that no refrigerant may escape when the service valve is decoupled, mean that most solutions lack a pressure relief function and dead space venting.

[0008] At best, such connection fittings can only be used at service stations that have their own pressure relief function. Solutions that implement both functions force compromises in the dimensioning of the necessary sealing elements due to the available path for opening / closing the flow path or venting, which limits their durability. Other solutions that meet both of the above requirements require a second power source. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Against this background, the object of the invention is to specify a connection fitting with which a temporary, high-pressure flow path between two fluid systems can be created safely and preferably without tools. INVENTIVE SOLUTION

[0010] A solution to this problem is provided by the main claim.

[0011] According to the invention, a connection adapter is proposed for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve of a third-party system in which a working fluid circulates in an at least substantially closed circuit, in particular an air conditioning system - ideally in the form of a vehicle air conditioning system. The maintenance station in question can, for example, also be an evacuation station, filling station, measuring station and / or service station. For the sake of simplicity, such a station is referred to hereinafter only as a "maintenance station". In the third-party system in question - particularly preferably in the form of a vehicle air conditioning system - a working fluid circulates in an at least substantially closed circuit, whereby this always includes a time-dependent leakage that exists in real systems.In addition, such a third-party system also includes a system in which the working fluid is not yet circulating in a closed circuit, but is intended to circulate immediately, which is the case, for example, when the third-party system is first filled with working fluid.

[0012] The connection adapter according to the invention comprises a connection via which - during the filling process - pressurized working fluid can be fed from the maintenance station into the connection adapter, pressurized fluid can be discharged into the maintenance station or a negative pressure can be generated during the evacuation process.

[0013] Furthermore, the connection adapter according to the invention comprises a dead space – preferably between the connection adapter and the service valve – which is vented via a venting path even when the service valve is connected to the connection adapter; at least as long as its own check valve is still closed. Timely venting of the dead space increases safety during uncoupling. Furthermore, it allows early detection, before anything can happen, if the spring valve insert has unexpectedly failed to close.

[0014] The connection adapter according to the invention also comprises a servo chamber that can be fluidically connected to the connection – and can also be separated from it again. This servo chamber contains a servo piston for opening and closing the venting path. When excess pressure is present in the servo chamber, this servo piston is forced toward its position that closes the venting path.

[0015] The connection adapter according to the invention also comprises a valve spindle that actuates a first valve element and a second valve element. The valve spindle preferably forms the valve elements itself; ideally, it is formed integrally.

[0016] The first valve element is designed and positioned such that, upon movement of the valve spindle to initiate the opening of the service valve, or through another component to open the service valve, it fluidly connects the servo chamber to the connection. The "opening" of the service valve is preferably synonymous with the opening of the spring valve insert of the service valve.

[0017] The second valve element is designed and positioned in such a way that it only opens and fluidically connects the dead space with the servo chamber - and thus also with the connection - after the servo piston has reached a position that closes the vent path.

[0018] Furthermore, the connection adapter according to the invention comprises a hold-down device for opening the spring valve insert, which forms a component of the service valve. This hold-down device is designed and arranged such that it only opens the spring valve insert after the servo piston has reached a position that closes the venting path.

[0019] The special arrangement of the connection adapter's components relative to each other enables safe filling and evacuation of the third-party system using only one connection adapter. This allows the maintenance station to be easily connected to the third-party system. Pressure can be safely released via the venting path if necessary.

[0020] The servo piston acts as a closure for the venting path and closes it automatically when a sufficient pressure is present in the servo chamber. The first valve element can then be used to connect the servo chamber to the dead space, thus establishing the flow path.

[0021] The second valve element can only open and finally fluidically connect the dead space with the servo chamber after the servo piston has reached a position that closes the vent path.

[0022] This single connection adapter provides a secure way to connect a third-party system to a wide variety of evacuation, filling, maintenance, and service stations, regardless of the pressure relief method. Furthermore, it also meets the requirements of the automotive industry and the automotive trade. PREFERRED TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE INVENTION

[0023] A preferred embodiment of the connection adapter is when the servo piston has at least one upper pressurized end face and at least one lower pressurized end face, the ratio of which is selected such that whenever a pressure greater than a limit pressure is present in the servo chamber, the servo piston is pressed sealingly against the second valve element against the force of a servo piston spring and / or - preferably: and - against the stop of a sliding sleeve. Furthermore, it is preferred that - whenever a pressure in the servo chamber is less than the limit pressure, the servo piston is pressed against the upper stop on the valve housing by the force of a servo piston spring.

[0024] The limit pressure mentioned can preferably be selected variably and is preferably in a range from 0.5 MPa to 10 MPa, particularly preferably in a range from 0.5 MPa to 5 MPa, here preferably 1 MPa.

[0025] This ensures that the connection adapter is securely fixed to a coupled service valve when the internal system pressure is greater than the limit pressure. On the other hand, when the system pressure is lower than the limit pressure, it ensures that the servo piston safely releases the vent path.

[0026] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the valve spindle used for valve control of the valves that connect the connection to the dead space has a first valve element - preferably designed as a cylindrical ring-shaped valve plate - and a second valve element - preferably designed as a conical segment-shaped - preferably as a full conical segment-shaped - valve plate, which cooperates with a valve seat on the servo piston in such a way that the servo piston can be held by the second valve element in a position that does not close the venting path when the connection adapter is fluidically coupled against a pressure in the servo chamber and can be pulled from its position that closes the venting path into a position that does not close the venting path when the connection adapter is fluidically uncoupled.This ensures that the venting path can always be opened, whether during coupling or uncoupling, to allow for venting. This further contributes to occupational safety.

[0027] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the valve spindle is formed at one end with the hold-down device for opening the spring valve insert forming a component of the service valve, which preferably merges into the rest of the valve spindle via a collar for self-alignment of the hold-down device. The hold-down device preferably has a first radial bore, which merges into a second radial bore in the valve spindle via an axial bore intersected therewith, thus creating a fluidic connection between the space beneath a collar of the valve spindle and the space within the servo piston and within the sliding sleeve when the service valve is connected. As an alternative to the arrangement of these bores, the aforementioned collar can also be formed with flow channels on the cylinder surface running parallel to the valve axis. Both designs provide a simple and reliable fluidic connection between the two spaces.

[0028] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the first valve element is designed and positioned such that, in the absence of overpressure in the servo chamber - as can occur during docking and undocking for the purpose of emptying, when the connection is not carrying overpressure - it can push the servo piston into a position closing the venting path by means of a positive fit. This way, even during the evacuation process, in which the servo piston is not pushed into a position closing the venting path by the existing overpressure, it can be brought into the appropriate position by another means. For this purpose, a positive fit is preferably established between the first valve element and the servo piston. This represents a simple and reliable mechanical option for closing the venting path in the corresponding case.

[0029] A particularly preferred embodiment consists in the valve spindle being guided for axial displacement in a preferably multi-part valve housing, which generally also defines the servo chamber and the dead space – and preferably at least partially defines them on the outside for this purpose – and ideally also carries or can accommodate the connection. The valve housing carries a valve actuator connected to it via a thread, with the aid of which the valve spindle – which is preferably connected to the valve actuator via rolling bearings – can be moved back and forth in the axial direction relative to the valve housing. The thread is preferably an adjusting thread with a reduced pitch compared to the standard metric thread or a fine thread. This provides a simple means of manually displacing the valve spindle axially and adjusting the associated valve positions.

[0030] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the valve housing carries a locking sleeve that is axially displaceable relative to it, which, on the one hand - preferably at its one axial end inclined toward the valve actuator - interacts positively with the valve actuator and, on the other hand - preferably at its other axial end, inclined away from the valve actuator - interacts positively with locking balls for locking a service valve in its connected position. They preferably interact in such a way that, as long as no service valve is connected to the connection adapter, the locking sleeve is supported against the locking balls in such a way that it cannot be displaced further in the axial direction beyond the locking balls, thereby forming a stop for the valve actuator, which prevents its further axial displacement toward the valve housing.This prevents the connection adapter from being opened improperly if, for example, the worker is unaware that very high pressure is "lurking" there. Alternatively or additionally, they preferably interact with each other in such a way that, as long as a service valve is connected and the first valve element is not yet closed, the valve actuator prevents the locking sleeve from being moved into its unlocked position, in which it allows the locking balls to move radially outwards. This prevents a worker from releasing the connection adapter from its locking connection with the service valve by moving the locking sleeve when the system is under pressure. This would then cause the valve to explode due to high internal pressure.When the service valve is not inserted, the locking balls are preferably located in conical bores that become so narrow radially inward that the balls can never fall out inwards - in the direction of the valve axis.

[0031] It is also particularly preferred if a sliding sleeve is supported on the servo piston via a spring element, preferably in the form of a servo piston spring, which has an apron on its outer end - preferably on its axial end, which is on the side facing the service valve - which forms a ball counter-bearing which, as long as no service valve is coupled to the connection adapter, blocks the locking balls between it and the locking sleeve in such a way that the locking balls hold the locking sleeve captive between themselves and the valve actuator, and the sliding sleeve is displaced so far in the direction of the servo piston by the insertion of the service valve that the apron releases the locking balls for insertion into the corresponding locking groove of the service valve. This creates a simple and reliable mechanical mechanism for detecting secure coupling of the service valve and allowing various processes only when the service valve is coupled.

[0032] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the locking sleeve is preloaded by a spring relative to the valve housing, preferably relative to the lower part of the valve housing. The design is such that the locking sleeve, with the aid of said spring - since the locking sleeve is pressed downwards towards the service valve by the spring - presses the locking balls radially inward into the locking groove of the service valve and holds them there as soon as the sliding sleeve has been displaced far enough towards the servo piston that its skirt releases the locking balls. In this way, the spring additionally secures the service valve in a simple mechanical manner against accidental decoupling, since it presses the locking sleeve downwards so that it holds the locking balls securely in the locking groove of the service valve - preferably via a shoulder.

[0033] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the sliding sleeve has a preferably hollow cylindrical section into which the servo piston sealably engages to close the venting path. This provides the servo piston with a simple means of closing the venting path.

[0034] A further preferred embodiment consists in the servo piston and the sliding sleeve being mounted to one another via a rolling bearing, usually in the form of a linear bearing. This rolling bearing is particularly preferably designed in the form of a ball or recirculating ball sleeve. This facilitates the relative axial movement between the servo piston and the sliding sleeve, even under high pressure. Ideally, this prevents jamming and / or jerky movements between the two components, both in the upward axial direction (toward the valve actuator) and in the downward axial direction (toward the service valve).

[0035] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the sliding sleeve forms a stop for the servo piston, preventing its further axial displacement toward the service valve. This allows the servo piston's freedom of movement to be easily limited, allowing the venting path to be blocked in a defined manner.

[0036] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the sliding sleeve transfers the pressure force imparted to it by the servo piston to the locking balls. In this way, the locking balls provide a simple mechanical means of additional protection against accidental disconnection of the service valve, as this intensifies the locking action of the service valve.

[0037] A further preferred embodiment consists in the valve spindle being designed such that it passes over a detent point, which, upon actuation of the valve actuator, haptically informs the user that they are now pushing open the spring valve insert and / or terminating the forced opening of the spring valve insert. The detent point is preferably created by a detent ball pin, the ball of which temporarily engages an annular groove in the valve spindle. This allows the user to be easily informed of a haptic warning message.

[0038] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if the venting path is formed by at least one transverse bore in the sliding sleeve, at least one transverse bore in the valve housing and ideally a further part of the venting path is formed by at least one transverse bore in the blocking sleeve, wherein the transverse bore in the blocking sleeve is ideally offset from the rest of the venting path in such a way that an axial throttle gap is formed between the rest of the venting path and the transverse bore in the blocking sleeve. This throttling of the pressure via this axial throttle gap is necessary, for example, if the spring valve insert does not close properly again due to a fault. In this case, larger quantities of working fluid, which are initially under high overpressure, must be blown off via the venting path. The aforementioned axial throttle gap offers a simple and safe way of reducing this high pressure.

[0039] Further possible embodiments, functions and advantages emerge from the dependent claims and / or the following description of the exemplary embodiment and / or with reference to the figures. LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1 shows the connection adapter in a sectioned front view without service valve. Fig. 2 shows the connection adapter in a sectioned front view with the service valve not yet plugged in. Fig. 3 shows the connection adapter in a sectioned front view when coupling and locking a service valve. Fig. 4 shows the connection adapter with the service valve inserted in a sectioned front view at the beginning of opening. Fig. 5 shows the connection adapter with the service valve inserted in a sectioned front view when fully opened. Fig. 6 shows the connection adapter with the service valve inserted in a sectional front view at the beginning of closing. Fig. 7 shows the connection adapter with the service valve inserted in a sectional front view when fully closed. PREFERRED EMBODIMENTThe connection adapter structure in general

[0040] The Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the general, preferred design of a connection adapter 0, wherein the Fig. For a better overview, Figure 2 also shows the service valve 1, which will later be connected to the connection adapter 0. The connection of the service valve 1 and the various switching positions of the connection adapter with the service valve 1 connected will be explained step by step below. First, however, the general design of the individual parts of the connection adapter 0 and the service valve 1 will be discussed.

[0041] The service valve 1 is preferably a valve of a third-party system to which the connection adapter 0 is connected. This service valve 1 preferably comprises a spring valve insert 29. If this spring valve insert 29, which usually forms a type of check valve, is pressed downwards - into the service valve 1 - the flow path of the service valve 1 is opened. In addition, the service valve 1 preferably also comprises a circumferential locking groove 32 on its peripheral surface, into which the locking balls 3 can later engage, which will be explained in more detail later.

[0042] The connection adapter 0 itself preferably comprises a valve actuator 16 at one axial end. This valve actuator 16 preferably comprises a thread 17 on its inner circumferential surface – preferably in the form of a fine thread. This thread 17 corresponds to the corresponding thread 17 of the valve housing 18. The thread 17 of the valve housing 18 is preferably attached to a shoulder at the upper axial end (in the direction of the valve actuator 16) of the valve housing 18. This shoulder serves, on the one hand, as a support for the thread 17 and, on the other hand, preferably also as a stop for the valve actuator 16 when fully screwed in. The valve housing 18 is preferably constructed in several parts – in the preferred embodiment shown, in two parts. The valve housing lower part 18.1 carries the already mentioned conical bores 12, which carry the locking balls 3 as long as the service valve 1 is not engaged.The upper part of the valve housing 18 preferably carries, in the area in which the servo piston 8 moves, at least one transverse bore 18.2, which is part of the venting path, which will be discussed in more detail later.

[0043] It is further preferred that the upper part of the valve housing 18 supports a spring-loaded locking ball pin 28, preferably in a corresponding recess, which can engage in a preferably circumferential, corresponding annular groove of the valve spindle 10. Also preferably located in the upper part of the valve housing 18 is a preferably circumferential groove for receiving a sealing element 5 between the valve housing 18 and the valve spindle 10. Furthermore, it is further preferred if the valve housing at least partially supports the connection 19 of the connected maintenance station, preferably by providing a corresponding thread.

[0044] The valve housing lower part 18.1 also preferably comprises a stop element 9 or a groove in which a stop element 9 is fastened. This stop element 9 is preferably located below (axially along the valve axis 15 towards the service valve 1) the conical bores 12.

[0045] The valve housing lower part 18.1 also preferably comprises a shoulder on which a spring 13, preferably in the form of a compression spring, can be supported.

[0046] The other side, on which the corresponding spring 13 can be supported, is preferably located on a shoulder of a locking sleeve 2, which preferably at least partially encloses the valve housing 18. This shoulder preferably merges into a preferably circumferential groove, which additionally partially supports the locking balls 3 in the illustrated, non-triggered state of the locking sleeve. The corresponding shoulder interacts in the triggered state of the locking sleeve 2 (see Fig. 3) with the stop element 9 in such a way that it provides a lower stop for the triggered locking sleeve 2, which is pressed downwards (axially along the valve axis 15 towards the service valve 1) by the spring force of the spring 13. In this triggered state (see Fig. 3) the shoulder also offers further support of the locking balls 3 against radial displacement away from the valve axis 15, since the locking balls 3 were displaced inwards (towards the valve axis 15) in the conical bores 12 when the locking sleeve 2 was triggered.

[0047] The Fig. 3 and this “snap-in” of the locking sleeve 2 will be explained in more detail in a later section.

[0048] Preferably above (axially along the valve axis 15 towards the valve actuator 16) the shoulder of the locking sleeve 2, the locking sleeve 2 comprises at least one transverse bore 2.1, which is part of the venting path. Furthermore, the locking sleeve 2 preferably comprises a preferably annular circumferential recess on the inside, which functions as an axial throttle gap 2.2 between the locking sleeve 2 and the valve housing 18, wherein the axial throttle gap 2.2 is also part of the venting path. Preferably at the opposite axial end, at which the aforementioned shoulder is located, the end of the locking sleeve 2 preferably acts as a stop for the valve actuator 16; on the one hand in the non-triggered state of the locking sleeve 2 and on the other hand in the triggered state of the locking sleeve with the valve actuator 16 fully screwed in. For this purpose, the valve actuator 16 preferably comprises a further shoulder running around the outside, which interacts accordingly with the locking sleeve 2.

[0049] The servo piston 8 is preferably located inside the valve housing 18 and can travel an axial path within the valve housing 18. The servo piston 8 is preferably sealed off from the valve housing 18 by means of a sealing element 7. The servo piston 8 runs at least partially axially within a sliding sleeve 4, preferably within a hollow cylindrical section 33 of the sliding sleeve 4. The seal between the sliding sleeve 4 and the servo piston 8 - when the servo piston 8 is in the corresponding position in which the venting path is blocked - is preferably achieved via a sealing element 24. The sliding sleeve 4 preferably comprises at least one transverse bore 4.1, which is part of the venting path. This at least one transverse bore 4.1 can be blocked by the servo piston 8, preferably by a shoulder of the servo piston 8, thereby blocking the entire venting path.A servo piston spring 14 is preferably located between a shoulder of the servo piston 8 and the shoulder of the sliding sleeve 4. The sliding sleeve 4 also preferably comprises the valve receptacle 23 for the service valve 1 and a skirt 22, which will be discussed in more detail later.

[0050] The valve spindle 10, which can be displaced axially upwards and downwards (along the valve axis 15) by the valve actuator 16, preferably runs inside the servo piston 8 and the sliding sleeve 4. The valve spindle 10 preferably comprises a first valve element 10.1, which is preferably plate-shaped. This first valve element 10.1 preferably comprises a sealing element 6, which seals the first valve element 10.1 from the valve housing 18. The servo piston 8 preferably comprises a correspondingly plate-shaped recess, in which the first valve element 10.1 can be at least partially received and with which the servo piston 8 can be moved against the spring force of the servo piston spring 14. This plate-shaped recess is preferably also part of the servo chamber 20, which will be discussed in more detail in later sections.

[0051] The servo piston 8 also preferably comprises a sealing surface 8.3, which preferably interacts with the second valve element 10.2 or a sealing element 7 on the second valve element such that the servo piston 8 can sit sealingly on the valve seat of the second valve element 10.2. The sealing surface 8.3 of the servo piston 8 is preferably designed to be inclined and preferably analogous to the inclination of the second valve element 10.2. At the lower axial end (end in the direction of the service valve 1), the valve spindle 10 also preferably comprises a hold-down device 10.5, which preferably merges into the rest of the valve spindle 10 via a collar 31. This collar 31 serves the required self-alignment function of the hold-down device 10.5. This "self-alignment" is preferably achieved by the interaction of the collar 31 with a constriction of the radial cross-section of the sliding sleeve 4.

[0052] In order to connect the space below this collar 31 – which can be the dead space 21 or part of the dead space 21 – with the interior of the servo piston 8 and the sliding sleeve – which can be the servo chamber 20 or part of the servo chamber 20 – in order to ensure there – depending on the valve positions – a flow path with a sufficient cross-section to the connection 19 or also to carry out venting via the venting path, the valve spindle 10 comprises a flow path within it. For this purpose, the hold-down device 10.5 preferably comprises a first radial bore 10.3.1, which, via an axial bore 10.4 intersected with it, transitions into a second radial bore 10.3.2 in the valve spindle 10 itself, which is intersected with it. Alternatively, the collar 31 can be formed with flow channels on the cylinder surface running parallel to the valve axis 15 in order to ensure the described flow path with a sufficient cross-section.

[0053] A rolling bearing 34, preferably in the form of a ball sleeve, may be present between the servo piston 8 and the sliding sleeve 4 in order to facilitate the relative movement of both parts to each other.

[0054] For a better overview, individual positions and steps when using the connection fitting 0 are shown below, which describe the coupling of the service valve 1 and the opening and closing of the connection adapter 0. Connecting and locking a service valve 1 (see Fig. 3)

[0055] Fig. 3 finally shows the connection adapter 0 exactly at the moment after it has been connected to the service valve 1. Directly during connection to the service valve 1, the dead space 21 is vented via the vent holes of the vent path arranged in series in order to prevent the connection adapter 0 from blowing off if a corresponding pressure would cause the connection adapter 0 to do so. These vent holes are, chronologically, the cross hole 4.1 of the sliding sleeve 4, the cross hole 18.2 of the valve housing 18 and the cross hole 2.1 of the locking sleeve 2. Between the cross hole 18.2 and the cross hole 2.1 there is preferably an axial throttle gap 2.2 for safe venting even at high pressures.

[0056] During the insertion of the service valve 1, the sliding sleeve 4 with the valve seat 23 is pushed along the valve axis 15 and against the force of the servo piston spring 14 into a defined position in the direction of the valve actuator 16.

[0057] The sealing of the service valve 1 to the dead space 21 is preferably ensured by the valve seal 26, in that the sealing surface 25 of the sliding sleeve 4 is designed such that the service valve 1 rests against the sealing surface 25 in such a way that the valve seal 26 can rest securely against the circumferential surface of the service valve 1 provided for this purpose.

[0058] Advantageously, the valve seal 26 can be designed as a D-ring to eliminate the risk of spiral failure.

[0059] As already mentioned, locking balls 3 are inserted into the radial conical bores 12, which are preferably incorporated into the valve housing lower part 18.1 of the valve housing 18. By inserting the service valve 1, the sliding sleeve 4 - and in this case preferably the skirt 22 of the sliding sleeve 4 - releases the conical bores 12, whereby the locking balls 3 are pressed into the circumferential locking groove 32 - preferably in the form of an annular groove - of the service valve 1 by the sliding sleeve 4, which is acted upon by the force of the servo piston spring 14, and are blocked in this position.

[0060] If the sliding sleeve 4 is pushed into the valve housing 18 without the service valve 1 until the conical bores 12 are released, the locking balls 3 block the insertion of the service valve 1.

[0061] Because the locking balls 3 are no longer blocking the locking sleeve 2, the locking sleeve 2 snaps axially downwards (in the direction of the service valve 1) due to the spring force of the spring 13 and is held there by the spring force. This "snap-in" occurs axially downwards as far as the stop element 9. As a result, the locking balls 3 are pressed further into the locking groove 32 of the service valve 1 and locked there. Generally, in the state shown, the service valve is now firmly locked to the connection adapter 0. By "snap-in" the locking sleeve 2, the valve actuator 16 is also released, since its rotation is now no longer prevented by the locking sleeve 2. Start of opening (see Fig. 4)

[0062] By rotating the valve actuator 16, preferably clockwise, the valve spindle 10 is displaced downward along the valve axis 15 (toward the service valve). Roller bearings 11, preferably in the form of ball bearings, prevent the transmission of the rotary motion of the valve actuator 16 to the valve spindle 10 with the first valve element 10.1, the second valve element 10.2, the hold-down device 10.5, and the servo piston 8. This allows the sealing elements of the two valve elements 10.1 and 10.2 and the servo piston 8 to move exclusively in the axial direction without any rotary motion.

[0063] Fig. 4 shows how the first valve element 10.1 is opened by the rotation of the valve actuator 16, while the second valve element 10.2 remains closed.

[0064] The force acting in the servo chamber 20 on the pressurized surface 8.1 of the servo piston 8—when the first valve element 10.1 is open and pressure prevails in the servo chamber 20 via port 19—reinforces the sealing effect of the sealing element 6 on the sealing surface 8.3, while simultaneously the vent hole 4.1 is securely closed by the axial, pressure-guided movement of the servo piston 8. The dead space 21 is thus hermetically sealed. The travel of the servo piston 8 is limited by the stop on the sliding sleeve 4, which is locked in position by the attached service valve 1.

[0065] The force acting on the pressurized surface 8.1 of the servo piston 8 presses the sliding sleeve 4 onto the locking balls 3 in the conical bores 12. This force, which increases with increasing system pressure, causes the locking balls 3 to be permanently pressed against the skirt 22 of the locking sleeve 2, with the skirt 22 acting as a ball bearing, thereby locking the locking sleeve 2 in this position.

[0066] The ratio of the pressurized surfaces 8.1 and 8.2 of the servo piston 8 and the force of the servo piston spring 14 are advantageously selected such that the servo piston 8 is pressed against the force of the servo piston spring 14 onto the sealing surface 8.3 of the second valve element 10.2 and / or onto the stop of the sliding sleeve 4 at a system pressure which is greater than the limit pressure (preferably >=1 MPa). Full opening (see Fig. 5)

[0067] The valve spindle 10 is moved by further turning the valve actuator 16 up to the stop clockwise along the valve axis 15 in the direction of the service valve 1, whereby the second valve element 10.2 is also opened and the flow path between the servo chamber 20 and the dead space 21 is established.

[0068] At the same time, the spring valve insert 29 of the service valve 1 is pressed by the retainer 10.5, thereby establishing the flow path between the dead space 21 and the external system, which includes the service valve 1. The flow path between port 19 via the first valve element 10.1, second valve element 10.2, and service valve 1 is thus established for the evacuation and / or filling of an external system.

[0069] Due to the advantageous design of the length of the locking sleeve 2 and the possible movement space of the locking sleeve 2 in the axial direction along the valve axis 15, decoupling from the service valve 1 can only take place when the valve actuator 16 has been completely brought into the end position - preferably by turning counterclockwise - and both valve elements 10.1 and 10.2 of the valve spindle 10 are completely closed.

[0070] This creates double security against decoupling from a service valve 1, since in this (upper) position of the valve actuator 16 the vent path is necessarily open via the vent holes.

[0071] In general, the formation of a ball counterbearing by the skirt 22 on the locking sleeve 2 is preferred. When the valve elements 10.1 and 10.2 are open and the servo piston 8 is pressurized, the frictional connection via the sliding sleeve 4, the locking balls 3, and the ball counterbearing prevents the locking sleeve 2 from being displaced along the valve axis 15 in the direction of the valve actuator 16, so that the locking mechanism remains fixed. If necessary, the locking sleeve 2 can also be designed such that the mechanical stop on the open valve actuator 16 can be omitted. The attached service valve 1 is thus securely coupled to the connection adapter 0.

[0072] A service valve 1 that does not close correctly on a circuit that is at least partially charged with refrigerant is detected by the refrigerant flowing out via the dead space 21 and the venting path.

[0073] If the connection fitting is also to be used for evacuation, the first valve element 10.1 must be designed in such a way that when the connection adapter 0 is opened, the first valve element 10.1 necessarily moves the servo piston 8 downwards against the spring force of the servo piston spring 14 in order to close the vent hole 4.1 before the evacuation process is initiated. Start of closing (see Fig. 6)

[0074] From the Fig. In the fully open state shown in Figure 5, the closing of the connection adapter 0 can now be initiated.

[0075] By turning the valve actuator 16 counterclockwise, the valve spindle 10 is moved along the valve axis 15 toward the valve actuator 16. Initially, the second valve element 10.2 closes.

[0076] The pressurized servo piston 8 generates the necessary counterforce at the sealing surface 8.3. The hold-down device 10.5 lifts off the spring valve insert 29 of the service valve 1.

[0077] The flow path between dead space 21 and the connected (refrigeration) circuit and between servo chamber 20 and dead space 21 is interrupted. The vent path remains closed. Complete closing (see Fig. 7)

[0078] By further turning the valve actuator 16 counterclockwise to the stop, the valve spindle 10 is moved further along the valve axis 15 toward the valve actuator 16. The second valve element 10.2 remains closed, and the first valve element 10.1 also closes. The servo piston 8 is also moved upward by the second valve element 10.2, and the transverse bore 4.1 is opened. The flow path between the servo chamber 20 and the dead space 21 is interrupted. The pressure in the dead space 21 is reduced by the opened vent path, and a leaking spring valve insert 29 in the service valve 1 could be detected by the fact that the pressurized medium constantly flows out of the vent path into the environment.

[0079] Furthermore, conclusions can be drawn about spring valve inserts 29 in the service valve 1 that are not closing correctly or about a defective sealing element 6. Disconnecting the service valve (when no medium is flowing out)

[0080] Only when the valve actuator 16 has been fully rotated counterclockwise to the stop can the locking sleeve 2 be manually moved toward the valve actuator 16 against the force of the tension spring 13. The locking balls 3 are pressed out of the locking groove 32 of the service valve 1 by the force of the servo piston spring 14 via the frictional connection with the sliding sleeve 4. The sliding sleeve 4 presses the service valve 1 out of the connection adapter 0, allowing it to be removed and the initial state restored.

[0081] Some service station variants release pressure after a filling process via the service station and not via the connection adapter. For this reason, it is preferable if the connection adapter 0 can also be adapted to this version.

[0082] The closing of the connection adapter 0 is divided into two phases. The transition from the initial closing phase to the final phase is preferably signaled by a noticeably recognizable, preferably haptic, feedback on the valve actuator 16.

[0083] The initial phase serves to interrupt the flow path between service valve 1 and dead space 21.

[0084] By turning the valve actuator 16 counterclockwise, the retainer 10.5 is lifted from the pin of the spring valve insert 29 in the coupled service valve 1, interrupting the flow path to the circuit connected to the service valve 1. The stroke required for this is defined by the standard according to the respective refrigerant.

[0085] For example, with refrigerant R744, this process is reliably completed after a stroke of 2.5 mm of the valve spindle 10 with the hold-down device 10.5. Upon reaching this point, the described feedback preferably occurs through a noticeable increase in resistance when turning the valve actuator 16 counterclockwise. For this purpose, a circumferential groove, preferably in the form of an annular groove 27, is preferably present on the valve spindle 10 at the defined point. The increase in resistance is caused by a detent ball pin 28, which is inserted transversely to the valve spindle 10 into the valve housing 18 and presses against the shaft of the valve spindle 10.

[0086] If a connection adapter 0 is connected to a maintenance station where the pressure is to be reduced via this maintenance station, the operator interrupts the rotary movement of the valve actuator 16 and starts the venting of the connected fluid system.

[0087] The flow path between servo chamber 20 and port 19 is open, allowing excess pressure to escape from servo chamber 20. As the force on the first pressurized surface 8.1 of servo piston 8 decreases, the servo piston 8 is moved to the upper stop by a force acting on the second pressurized surface 8.2 and the force of servo piston spring 14.

[0088] This opens the second valve element 10.2. At the same time, the vent hole 4.1 is opened by the servo piston 8. The excess pressure in the dead space 21 is released via the valve elements 10.1 and 10.2 to port 19 and via the series-connected transverse holes 4.1, 2.1, and 18.2 of the vent path. REFERENCE LIST 0 connection adapters 1 service valve 2 locking sleeve 2.1 Cross hole of the locking sleeve 2.2 Axial throttle gap 3 locking balls 4 sliding sleeve 4.1 Cross hole of the sliding sleeve 5 Sealing element 6 Sealing element 7 Sealing element 8 servo pistons 8.1 First pressurized area 8.2 Second pressurized surface 8.3 Sealing surface of servo piston 9 Stop element 10 valve spindle 10.1 First valve element 10.2 Second valve element 10.3.1 First radial hole (top) 10.3.2 Second radial bore (bottom) 10.4 Axial bore (connection of the radial bores) 10.5 Hold-down clamp 11 rolling bearings 12 conical bore 13 spring 14 Servo piston spring 15 Valve axis 16 valve actuators 17 Thread between valve body and valve actuator 18 valve housing 18.1 Valve housing lower part 18.2 Cross hole in valve body 19 Connection 20 Servo room 21 Dead space 22 Apron (ball bearing) 23 Valve holder 24 Sealing element 25 Sealing surface 26 Valve seal 27 Ring groove 28 locking ball pin 29 Spring valve insert of the service valve 30 not assigned 31 Collar for self-alignment of the hold-down device 32 Service valve locking groove 33 Hollow cylindrical section of the sliding sleeve 34 rolling bearings

Claims

[1] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system in which a working fluid circulates in a closed circuit, in particular an air conditioning system with a connection (19) through which pressurised working fluid from the maintenance station can be fed into the connection adapter (0) for filling or through which pressurised working fluid can be discharged, with a dead space (21) which is ventilated via a venting path even when the service valve (1) is connected to the connection adapter (0), with a servo chamber (20) which can be fluidically connected to the connection (19), in which a servo piston (8) for opening and closing the venting path is accommodated, which is urged by an overpressure in the servo chamber (20) towards its position closing the venting path, and with a valve spindle (10) which actuates a first valve element (10.1) and a second valve element (10.2), wherein the first valve element (10.1) is designed and positioned such that when the valve spindle (10) moves to push open the service valve (1), it fluidically connects the servo chamber (20) to the connection (19), and the second valve element (10.2) is designed and positioned such that it only opens and fluidically connects the dead space (21) to the servo chamber (20) after the servo piston (8) has reached a position closing the venting path, and with a hold-down device (10.5) for opening the spring valve insert (29) forming a component of the service valve (1), which is designed and arranged such that it opens the spring valve insert (29) only after the servo piston (8) has reached a position closing the venting path. [2] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system in which a working fluid circulates in a closed circuit, according to claim 1, characterized by in that the servo piston (8) has at least one upper pressurised end face (8.1) and at least one lower pressurised end face (8.2), the ratio of which is selected such that the servo piston (8) is pressed sealingly against the second valve element (10.2) against the force of a servo piston spring (14) and / or against the stop of a sliding sleeve (4) whenever a pressure which is greater than a limit pressure is present in the servo chamber (20) and / or is pressed by the force of a servo piston spring (14) against the upper stop on the valve housing (18). [3] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system in which a working fluid circulates in a closed circuit, preferably according to claim 1 or 2, characterized byin that the valve spindle (10) used for valve control of the valves which connect the connection (19) to the dead space (21) has a first valve element (10.1) - preferably designed as a cylindrical ring-shaped valve plate - and a second valve element (10.2) - preferably designed as a conical segment-shaped valve plate - which cooperates with a valve seat on the servo piston (8) in such a way that the servo piston (8) can be held by the second valve element (10.2) in a position which does not close the venting path when the connection adapter (0) is coupled against a pressure in the servo chamber (20) and can be pulled from its position which closes the venting path into a position which does not close the venting path when the connection adapter (0) is uncoupled. [4] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system in which a working fluid circulates in a closed circuit, in particular an air conditioning system, preferably according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized bythat the valve spindle (10) forms at one end the hold-down device (10.5) for opening the spring valve insert (29) forming a component of the service valve (1), which insert merges into the rest of the valve spindle (10) via a collar (31) for self-alignment of the hold-down device (10.5), wherein the hold-down device (10.5) preferably has a first radial bore (10.3.1) which merges into a second radial bore (10.3.2) in the valve spindle (10) via an axial bore (10.4) intersected therewith and thus, when the service valve (1) is coupled, preferably creates a fluidic connection between the space below a collar (31) of the valve spindle (10) and the space inside the servo piston (8) and inside the sliding sleeve (4). [5] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the first valve element (10.1) is designed and positioned in such a way that, in the absence of overpressure in the servo chamber (20), it can press the servo piston (8) into a position closing the venting path by means of positive locking. [6] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by in that the valve spindle (10) is guided in an axially displaceable manner in a preferably multi-part valve housing (18), which as a rule also delimits the servo space (20) and the dead space (21) and ideally also carries the connection (19), wherein the valve housing (18) carries a valve actuator (16) connected to it via a thread (17), with the aid of which the valve spindle (10) - which is preferably connected to the valve actuator (16) via rolling bearings (11) - can be moved back and forth in the axial direction relative to the valve housing (18). [7] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system, preferably according to one of the preceding claims, characterized byin that the valve housing (18) carries a locking sleeve (2) which is axially displaceable relative to it and which, on the one hand, interacts in a form-fitting manner with the valve actuator (16) and, on the other hand, interacts in a form-fitting manner with locking balls (3) for locking a service valve (1) in its connected position, preferably in such a way that the locking sleeve (2), as long as no service valve (1) is connected to the connection adapter (0), is supported against the locking balls (3) in such a way that it cannot be displaced further in the axial direction beyond the locking balls (3) and thereby forms a stop for the valve actuator (16), which prevents its further axial displacement in the direction of the valve housing (18) and / or preferably in such a way that the valve actuator (16), as long as a service valve (1) is connected and the first valve element (10.1) is not yet closed, prevents the locking sleeve (2) from moving into its unlocking position, in which it allows the locking balls (3) to move radially outwards. [8] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized byin that a sliding sleeve (4) is supported on the servo piston (8) via a spring element, preferably in the form of a servo piston spring (14), which has an apron (22) on the outer end which forms a ball counter-bearing which, as long as no service valve (1) is coupled to the connection adapter (0), blocks the locking balls (3) between it and the locking sleeve (2) in such a way that they hold the locking sleeve (2) captive between themselves and the valve actuator (16), and which is displaced in the direction of the servo piston (8) by the insertion of the service valve (1) so far that the apron (22) releases the locking balls (3) for insertion into the corresponding locking groove (32) of the service valve (1). [9] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the locking sleeve (2) is prestressed relative to the valve housing (18), preferably relative to the valve housing lower part (18.1), by a spring (13), wherein the design is such that the locking sleeve (2) with the aid of said spring (13) presses the locking balls (3) in a radially inward direction into the locking groove (32) of the service valve (1) and holds them there as soon as the sliding sleeve (4) has been displaced so far in the direction of the servo piston (8) that its skirt (22) releases the locking balls (3). [10] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the sliding sleeve (4) has a preferably hollow cylindrical section (33) into which the servo piston (8) sealingly immerses in order to close the venting path. [11] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the servo piston (8) and the sliding sleeve (4) are mounted on each other via a rolling bearing (34). [12] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the sliding sleeve (4) forms a stop for the servo piston (8) which prevents its further axial displacement in the direction of the service valve (1). [13] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the sliding sleeve (4) transfers the pressure force communicated to it by the servo piston (8) to the locking balls (3). [14] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by in that the valve spindle (10) is designed in such a way that it passes over a detent point which, when the valve actuator (16) is actuated, haptically informs the user that he is now pushing open the spring valve insert (29) and / or ending the forced opening of the spring valve insert (29), wherein the detent point is preferably produced by a detent ball pin (28) whose ball is temporarily inserted into an annular groove (27) of the valve spindle (10). [15] Connection adapter (0) for docking and undocking a maintenance station to a service valve (1) of a third-party system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized bythat the venting path is formed by at least one transverse bore (4.1) in the sliding sleeve (4), at least one transverse bore (18.2) in the valve housing (18) and ideally a further part of the venting path by at least one transverse bore (2.1) in the blocking sleeve (2), wherein the transverse bore (2.1) is ideally offset from the rest of the venting path in such a way that an axial throttle gap (2.2) is formed between it and the transverse bore (2.1).

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