Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic sliding bearing, method for adjusting a bearing clearance on a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic sliding bearing and wind turbine

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic sliding bearing (1) for the rotatable support of a shaft (3), in particular in a wind turbine (2), comprising at least one first sliding element (4) with a first sliding surface (5) which is arranged on an adapter structure (9), and a connecting structure (6) which serves to fasten the adapter structure (9), wherein the adapter structure (9) is arranged to be radially and / or axially displaceable, and wherein a first ramp section (7) is formed on the adapter structure (9) and a corresponding second ramp section (8) is formed on the connecting structure (6) such that an axial displacement of the adapter structure (9) relative to the connecting structure (6) causes a radial displacement of the sliding element (4) and / or vice versa, so that the bearing clearance of the sliding element (4) relative to the shaft (3) is adjustable.The axial offset is determined by means of at least one intermediate piece (10) which is inserted into a space (11) caused by the axial offset and thus produces a reproducible radial offset of the at least one sliding element (4).

Description

The present invention relates to a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic sliding bearing for rotatably supporting a shaft, in particular in a wind turbine, having at least one first sliding element having a first sliding surface which is arranged on a connection structure such that it can be displaced radially and / or axially. The invention further relates to a method for setting a bearing clearance on a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic sliding bearing and to a wind turbine.Nowadays, rolling bearings are usually used for rotor mounting in wind turbines. However, the use of slide bearings for such rotors has already been proposed, as for example in DE 102 55 745 A1.The use of plain bearings in the area of the transmission gears for wind turbines is also fundamentally known in advance, as shown in EP 1 184 567 A2. A further field of application of plain bearings in wind turbines can also be a turret ring bearing, as is also known from DE 100 43 936 A1. Furthermore, it is also known to use plain bearings for the bearing of the rotor blades of a wind turbine, as is evident, for example, from DE 10 2005 051 912 A1.A common feature of all possible applications of plain bearings within a wind turbine is that sufficient and reliable lubrication is of substantial significance for the durability and operational reliability of such plain bearings. The oil pressure or volume flow usually required for lubricating the plain bearings is generally provided for this purpose in hydrostatic plain bearings by means of an electric pump (e.g. gear pump). Such a hydrostatic slide bearing thus has an active lubricant circuit which is maintained by an external pump and which is guided through the bearing gap between the elements moved relative to one another. A thin hydrostatic support film builds up in the bearing gap, which reduces the friction between elements moved relative to one another.In addition to hydrostatic slide bearings, hydrodynamic slide bearings are also known in which the lubricating film is only produced by the movement of the slide bearing. This is generally realized by a wedge-like lubrication gap, so that in the lubricant entrained by the surface of the moving bearing part into the constriction, the force transmission takes place via the interposed lubricant film.Segmented, hydrostatic or hydrodynamic plain bearings of this type represent a technically interesting solution for the rotor bearing (main bearing) of wind power installations in the range of 10 MW and more. Because of the size of the installation, roller bearings of a size that are challenging both in production and logistics would be required here. In addition, segmented slide bearings can potentially be replaced or repaired on the tower in the event of damage. The post-published document DE 10 2023 115 435 A1 discloses such a segmented, hydrostatic or hydrodynamic sliding bearing. For the function of the slide bearing, it is essential to precisely align the individual slide elements and to reproducibly adjust a uniform, very small clearance of the individual segments with respect to the rotor shaft and to easily and securely and fasten them after the clearance adjustment has been carried out.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic slide bearing which enables an accurate, reproducible and assembly-friendly bearing clearance adjustment and fixing of a slide element. It is also the object of the invention to realize an optimized method for setting a bearing clearance on a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic slide bearing and an improved wind turbine.This object is achieved by hydrodynamic or hydrostatic slide bearings for rotatably mounting a shaft, in particular in a wind turbine, having at least one first slide element having a first slide surface which is arranged on an adapter structure and a connecting structure which serves for fastening the adapter structure, wherein the adapter structure is arranged such that it can be displaced radially and / or axially. The adapter structure has a first ramp section and the connecting structure has a corresponding second ramp section, which is designed such that an axial offset of the adapter structure with respect to the connecting structure causes a radial offset of the sliding element and / or vice versa, such that the bearing play of the sliding element with respect to the shaft can be adjusted. The axial offset is defined by means of at least one intermediate piece, which is introduced into an intermediate space caused by the axial offset and thus generates a reproducible radial offset of the at least one sliding element.This achieves the advantage that an improved possibility for exact, reproducible positioning of the sliding element on an inclined plane and a fail-safe fixing of this sliding element during operation of the slide bearing can be created.The slide bearing can be designed as a radial bearing or axial bearing.The connection structure can be designed, for example, as a bearing ring. Particularly preferably, the bearing ring is designed as a separate component, so that the slide bearing can in principle also be preassembled in a modular manner and can thus be used at a location of use equipped with the corresponding slide elements. It would also be possible in principle for a bearing ring to be configured in a segmented manner. It is also conceivable that the connection structure is formed from a part of a housing. A connection structure can also be formed from a part of a structure of a wind turbine. This can have the advantage that only comparatively small structural elements of the slide bearing are to be transported into a nacelle of a wind turbine, which can bring about both logistic and assembly advantages.It would also be conceivable in principle to provide a displacement measuring device which is integrated in or on the sliding element and can be used during assembly work to dimension the intermediate piece ideally and thus correctly adjust the sliding element in terms of height.It would also be conceivable to arrange a strain gauge on or in the sliding element in order to provide a measurement of the loads acting on the sliding element, so that the load acting in each case can be measured on the sliding element to be installed and the height can optionally be adapted to the wear state of further sliding elements present in the sliding bearing, so that a sliding element is not significantly more heavily loaded than the other sliding elements.The slide bearing can preferably have a plurality of slide elements arranged over the circumference of the shaft, each with an aforementioned adapter structure, so that the shaft is ideally supported.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the sliding element is arranged movably with respect to the adapter structure by means of a spherical dome. This represents a particularly good possibility for compensating any deviations with respect to position, roundness, bending or occurring wear.The adapter structure of the slide bearing can preferably be held braced with respect to the attachment structure by means of a screw connection. This represents a technically simple and cost-effective possibility of fixing. The bearing gap setting can thus be secured in a particularly secure manner against an adjustment during operation of the slide bearing. In this case, the intermediate piece can also be held in position by the screw connection. In a further preferred embodiment of the latter variant, the screw connection is formed parallel to the shaft axis. Due to the dimensioning of such a bearing, this represents a particularly suitable possibility for the execution of the screw connection. A preferred possibility for implementing the screw connection can be achieved in that the adapter structure has an elongated hole which allows a flexible connection of the adapter structure with respect to the connection structure by means of a screw connection and prevents the latter from being braced.It is also possible for the screw connection to be formed parallel to the ramp section of the adapter structure. In this way, a bracing can be counteracted and other countermeasures, which may be necessary, can be dispensed with.In principle, it is conceivable for the sliding element to be formed from a metallic material, in particular a steel. The advantage of this embodiment is that steel in particular has good dynamic strength. In this context, alloyed heat-treated steels are particularly preferred. In principle, it would also be possible to form the sliding element from aluminum or an aluminum alloy.It would also be possible, furthermore, for the sliding element to be formed integrally, in particular monolithically. As a result, the sliding element can be designed to be self-holding in a particularly favorable manner. Alternatively, the sliding element can also be formed from a plurality of separate components. In the case of these separate components, a connection between these can then be provided by means of screws or a weld. The sliding element can thus also be formed in multiple parts. In particular, it is conceivable for the sliding surface to be formed on a structurally separated part of the sliding element and, for example, to be connected to a main body of the sliding element.The slide bearing can preferably have a plurality of slide elements, each with a slide surface. Preferably, the sliding elements are substantially identical. The high equality allows the manufacturing costs to be further reduced.The object of the invention is furthermore achieved by a method for setting a bearing clearance on a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic slide bearing, comprising the following steps:'• Provision of at least one first sliding element having a first sliding surface and an adapter structure having a first ramp section,• Provision of a connection structure for receiving the at least one adapter structure with the first sliding element, with a second ramp section which interacts with the first ramp section of the adapter structure in such a way that an axial offset of the sliding element with respect to the connection structure brings about a radial offset of the sliding element and vice versa, so that the bearing play of the sliding element with respect to the shaft can be adjusted,• Provision of at least one intermediate piece which can be introduced into an intermediate space caused by the axial offset,• Insertion of the at least one intermediate piece into the intermediate space between the adapter structure and the connecting structure caused by the axial offset,• Fixing the adapter structure and the intermediate piece to the attachment structureFinally, the object can also be achieved by a wind turbine comprising a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic slide bearing according to one of Claims 1-6 for rotatably mounting a shaft.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures without limiting the general concept of the invention.It shows: FIG. 1 shows a sliding bearing in a sectional illustration, FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of a sliding element in an oblique view, FIG. 3 shows a wind turbine with a plain bearing in a schematic illustration.FIG. 1 shows a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic slide bearing 1 for rotatably supporting a shaft 3, in particular for a wind turbine 2, as is also shown by way of example in FIG. 3. Such a wind turbine 2 usually has an electric machine 19 driven by a shaft 3 via a transmission arrangement 18.The plain bearing 1 has a plurality of substantially identical sliding elements 4, which are arranged in a circumferentially distributed manner on a connection structure 6, which is designed, for example, as a bearing ring. In order to avoid repetitions, the mode of operation is explained below using the example of only one sliding element 4. It is understood that a plurality of the sliding elements 4 in the slide bearing 1, preferably all the sliding elements 4, are constructed and function as explained below with reference to a sliding element 4. The sliding element 4, which has a sliding surface 5, is arranged on an adapter structure 9. The adapter structure 9 is arranged such that it can be displaced radially and / or axially and has a first ramp section 7, wherein a corresponding second ramp section 8 is formed on the connection structure 6 such that an axial offset of the adapter structure 9 with respect to the connection structure 6 brings about a radial offset of the sliding element 4 and / or vice versa, such that the bearing play of the sliding element 4 with respect to the shaft 3 can be adjusted. The axial offset is defined by means of at least one intermediate piece 10, which is introduced into an intermediate space 11 caused by the axial offset and thus generates a reproducible radial offset x of the at least one sliding element 4. The adapter structure 9 is held clamped relative to the attachment structure 6 by means of a screw connection 15. The sliding element 4 is arranged movably with respect to the adapter structure 9 by means of a spherical dome 12.FIG. 2 shows a first sliding element 4 with a first sliding surface 5. The adapter structure 9 has a hole 17 or, as indicated, an elongated hole 16 in order to be able to fasten the adapter structure 9, or the sliding element 4, to the connection structure 6 by means of a screw connection 15. The intermediate piece 10 can likewise be connected to a hole in a captive manner.A method for adjusting the bearing clearance on the hydrodynamic or hydrostatic sliding bearing 1 can now comprise the following steps, with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 :First, at least one first sliding element 4 is provided with a first sliding surface 5 and an adapter structure 9 with a first ramp section 7.Furthermore, a connection structure 6, for example in the form of a bearing ring, is provided for receiving the at least first sliding element 4, having a second ramp section 8, which interacts with the first ramp section 7 of the adapter structure 9 in such a way that an axial offset of the sliding element 4 with respect to the connection structure 6 brings about a radial offset of the sliding element 4 and vice versa, so that the bearing play of the sliding element 4 with respect to the shaft 3 can be adjusted.The provision of the at least one intermediate piece 10 is also effected, which can be introduced into an intermediate space 11 caused by the axial offset.Then, the at least one intermediate piece 10 is inserted into the intermediate space 11 between the adapter structure 9 and the connecting structure 6, which intermediate space is caused by the axial offset.The adapter structure 9 and the intermediate piece 10 are then fixed to the connection structure 6.The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the figures. The foregoing description is, therefore, not to be considered as limiting, but illustrative. The following claims should be understood to mean that a said feature is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not exclude the presence of further features. If the patent claims and the above description define "first" and "second" features, this designation serves to distinguish two features of the same type without specifying a ranking.List of reference characters1 Plain bearing 2 Wind turbine 3 Shaft 4 Sliding element 5 Sliding surface 6 Connecting structure / bearing ring / housing 7 Ramp section 8 Ramp section 9 Adapter structure 10 Intermediate piece 11 Intermediate space 12 Spherical cap 13-14-15 Screw connection 16 Elongated hole 17 Hole 18 Transmission arrangement 19 Electric machine

Claims

Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic slide bearing (1) for rotatably mounting a shaft (3), in particular in a wind turbine (2), having at least one first slide element (4) with a first slide surface (5) which is arranged on an adapter structure (9), and a connection structure (6) which serves for fastening the adapter structure (9), wherein the adapter structure (9) is arranged so as to be radially and / or axially displaceable, wherein a first ramp section (7) is formed on the adapter structure (9) and a corresponding second ramp section (8) is formed on the connection structure (6) such that an axial offset of the adapter structure (9) with respect to the connection structure (6) brings about a radial offset of the slide element (4) and / or vice versa, such that the bearing play of the slide element (4) with respect to the shaft (3) is adjustable, and wherein the axial offset is fixed by means of at least one intermediate piece (10), which is introduced into an intermediate space (11) caused by the axial offset and thus generates a reproducible radial offset of the at least one sliding element (4).Slide bearing (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the slide bearing (19) has a plurality of slide elements (4) which are arranged over the circumference of the shaft (3) and each have an adapter structure (9).Sliding bearing (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least one sliding element (4) is arranged movably with respect to the adapter structure (9) by means of a spherical cap (12).Slide bearing (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adapter structure (9) is held clamped with respect to the connection structure (6) by means of a screw connection (15).Slide bearing (1) according to claim 3, characterised in that the screw connection (15) is formed parallel to the shaft axis.Slide bearing (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the adapter structure (6) has an elongated hole (16), which allows a flexible connection of the adapter structure (9) with respect to the attachment structure (6) by means of a screw connection (15).Slide bearing (1) according to claim 3, characterised in that the screw connection (15) is formed parallel to the ramp section of the adapter structure (9).Method for setting a bearing play on a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic sliding bearing (1), comprising the following steps: • providing at least one first sliding element (4) with a first sliding surface (5) and an adapter structure (9) with a first ramp section (7), • providing a connecting structure (6) for receiving the at least one adapter structure (9) with a first sliding element (4), with a second ramp section (8) which interacts with the first ramp section (7) of the adapter structure (9) in such a way that an axial offset of the sliding element (4) with respect to the connecting structure (6) causes a radial offset of the sliding element (4) and vice versa, so that the bearing play of the sliding element (4) with respect to the shaft (3) can be set, • providing at least one intermediate piece (10) which can be introduced into an intermediate space (11) caused by the axial offset, • Inserting the at least one intermediate piece (10) into the intermediate space (11) between the adapter structure (9) and the connecting structure (6) caused by the axial offset, • Fixing the adapter structure (9) and the intermediate piece (10) to the connecting structure (6).Wind turbine (2) comprising a hydrodynamic or hydrostatic slide bearing (1) according to one of Claims 1 - 6 for rotatably mounting a shaft (3).

Images