Dynamic safety system and safety device

Abstract

Dynamic belaying system (1) for protection against falls from a height for a climbing pair (4) comprising a lead climber (VS) as the first climber to be belayed (4.1) and a second climber (NS) as the belaying second climber (4.2), - with a strap-shaped or rope-shaped support element (2) which is to be firmly connected to the lead climber (VS) for use with the belaying system (1) and is to be passed through at least one fixed belay point (5), - with a belay device (3) which is to be securely connected to the second climber (NS) and / or to a fixed anchor point (44) for use with the belay system (1), - wherein the supporting element (2) is configured such that it has a maximum elongation at break of 30%, - wherein the securing device (3) has a through-path (7) for passing the support element (2) through the securing device (3), - wherein the safety device (3) has a guide contour (10) in the passage path (7) against which the support element (2) passing through the passage path (7) rests, - wherein the safety device (3) has a pivotable clamping lever (12) which has a clamping contour (13) in the through-path (7), - wherein the clamping lever (12) is configured such that, in a fall in which the support element (2) passes through the passage path (7), it adjusts the clamping contour (13) along an adjustment path (14) in the direction of the guide contour (10) and, by means of the clamping contour (13), presses the support element (2) against the guide contour (10) and generates a braking force by friction that slows the support element (2), such that the support element (2) can pass through the safety device (3) in a controlled manner to extend a fall path and slow the fall, - wherein the locking device (3) has a stop (15) which limits the travel (14) of the clamping contour (13) in the direction of the guide contour (10) to a preset distance (16) between the clamping contour (13) and the guide contour (10), - wherein the safety device (3) is configured such that different distances (16) can be preset.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a dynamic belay system for fall protection for a climbing pair comprising a lead climber (male / female / diverse) as the first climber (male / female / diverse) to be belayed and a second climber (male / female / diverse) as the belayer. The invention also relates to a belay device suitable for such a dynamic belay system. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such a belay device and to a belay set comprising several belay devices and a support element.

[0002] In mountaineering, occupational safety, and tactical applications by security forces, law enforcement, and military personnel, fall protection systems are used to secure individuals from falls from heights. These systems typically consist of a rope or a rope-like support element. At least two main types of fall protection systems can be distinguished: static and dynamic. In a static fall protection system, the fall of a person is abruptly stopped as soon as the support element is tensioned. The fall distance is limited to the distance the person travels before the support element is tensioned. The resulting impact force is extremely high. Static support elements, which exhibit minimal elongation under high loads, can be used in this application.In a dynamic belay system, the fall of a person is slowed by a braking force. Once the belay device is taut due to the fall, additional fall distance is provided, which can be used to decelerate the falling person relatively gently. Dynamic belay devices are typically used here; these stretch under heavy load and thus provide the additional fall distance. As long as the rope in the belay system can be kept taut, the fall usually only results in static forces acting on the belayed person, so a static belay system is sufficient for such cases. However, in both mountaineering and occupational safety, there are applications where the person being belayed must climb past the last fixed anchor point or belay point, meaning the rope can no longer be kept taut and a tight belay from above is no longer possible.If the climber falls in such a situation, a free fall occurs, resulting in a dynamic force being applied to the falling belayed person. Static belay systems are unable to absorb or convert this kinetic energy. Therefore, both mountaineering and occupational safety employ strategies that ensure sufficient energy absorption by the belay system in such cases.

[0003] In occupational safety, shock absorbers are used in dynamic fall arrest systems. These are components of the safety system that can convert fall energy and generate additional fall distance or braking distance, thereby reducing the forces acting on the falling person. Such shock absorbers can be certified in the European Union, for example, according to the EN 355 standard. A disadvantage of using shock absorbers, however, is that their characteristic features are fixed, meaning that the fall mass, fall height, braking force, and braking distance are predetermined. The fixed braking force, in particular, poses a problem in practice, as the severity of injury from deceleration depends not on the braking force itself, but on the deceleration, which in turn depends on the mass of the falling object.If a shock absorber has a damping force of 6 kN, for example, this means an acceleration of 6 G for a person weighing 100 kg. This is roughly the limit that an untrained person can withstand without injury. However, for a person weighing 50 kg, the same shock absorber results in a deceleration of 12 G, which is regularly too much even for trained individuals and can lead to injuries.

[0004] German patent DE 10 2010 047 221 A1 discloses a shock absorber with adjustable braking force, which can fundamentally solve the problem described above. However, there are currently no standards for adjustable shock absorbers in the European Union, which complicates their certification and marketing.

[0005] Unlike in occupational safety, in mountaineering, a free fall into a belay system is standard practice, comparable to falling in judo. Impact force reduction is achieved here using a dynamic belay system. In a conventional dynamic belay system, the dynamic effect is achieved through the use of climbing ropes characterized by high energy absorption capacity. The energy absorption capacity of a climbing rope is specified in the European standard EN 892 and verified during type testing before being placed on the market within the European Union. Climbing ropes specified according to EN 892 are made of PA 6, i.e., polyamide 6, also known as Perlon® (registered for Perlon GmbH), and generally consist of a load-bearing and energy-absorbing core braided around a protective sheath.Due to the stringent requirements of EN 892, only PA 6 is currently suitable for the core of a dynamic climbing rope. However, PA 6 is a niche material among synthetic fibers, finding little use outside of climbing ropes. Consequently, PA 6 fibers are comparatively expensive. Furthermore, there is currently no circular economy for it, meaning that climbing ropes with a PA 6 core are generally not recycled, or only with extreme complexity through individual processes, making them unsustainable. Additionally, the production of PA 6 is based on fossil raw materials, which also compromises its sustainability. Considering the growing importance of sustainability, a climbing rope compliant with EN 892 with a polyester core would be preferable, as a relatively well-developed circular economy already exists for polyester.However, no polyester, in any known processing or finishing form, possesses a similarly high energy absorption capacity as polyamide 6. Furthermore, PA 6 is not only expensive, rare, and limited in supply, but it also has comparatively low cut strength, relatively low aging resistance, weather resistance, and UV stability, as well as comparatively low resistance to chemical influences. In contrast, high-molecular-weight polyethylene, for example, can already be produced largely from renewable raw materials and possesses extremely high cut strength, good UV stability, good resistance to chemical influences, and comparatively high aging and weather resistance. Moreover, polyethylene is lighter than polyamide and exhibits significantly higher tensile strength.High-molecular-weight polyethylene, however, has an elongation at break of less than 5% and therefore can absorb virtually no impact energy. Elongation at break is a key parameter in materials testing used to characterize a material's deformability. For polymeric materials, elongation at break is the change in length relative to the initial gauge length of a specimen in a tensile test at the moment of breakage. A climbing rope according to EN 892 represents a dynamic rope and must not break in a test conducted under predetermined loading conditions, while achieving a maximum static elongation of 10% and a maximum dynamic elongation of 40%. This means that, according to EN 892, a total elongation of 50% can already be reached in the test, which must not lead to the dynamic rope breaking.In this context, total strain is understood to be the sum of static strain, which corresponds to permanent plastic deformation, and dynamic strain, which corresponds to reversible elastic deformation.

[0006] A rope with a polyethylene core cannot therefore be approved as a dynamic mountaineering rope.

[0007] An alternative material would be aramid, an aromatic polyamide also known as Kevlar® (registered trademark of DuPont). While aramid has low UV stability, it is extremely cut-resistant and also exhibits high temperature resistance. However, aramid also has a very low elongation at break of 2 to 4%.

[0008] Mountaineering is a relative strength sport, meaning that athletic performance depends on weight. Consequently, manufacturers of mountaineering equipment strive to make their gear as light as possible. This is especially true for climbing ropes. Climbing ropes with a PA 6 core reach the limits of EN892 at a diameter of approximately 8.4 mm. Even thinner, and therefore lighter, dynamic climbing ropes with a PA 6 core are not possible.

[0009] Ropes made of high-molecular-weight polyethylene or aramid can be used as static or semi-static ropes according to the European standard EN 1891 and, even with a diameter of 6 mm or less, still meet the strength requirements of mountaineering, but cannot be approved as climbing ropes. Furthermore, a 6 mm diameter rope made of high-molecular-weight polyethylene or aramid has a higher cut resistance than a climbing rope made of PA 6 with a significantly larger diameter.

[0010] A via ferrata set with adjustable braking effect is known from DE 10 2010 047 221 A1.

[0011] Tree care abseiling devices with adjustable operating resistance are known from US patents 2017 0 197 116 A1 and 2021 0 093 923 A1. The operating resistance determines the speed at which a person can abseil along a static rope.

[0012] US Patent 6 029 777 A discloses a rappelling device in which a rappelling speed can be controlled by means of a lever.

[0013] From DE 10 2019 116 953 A1 a clamping device for releasably clamping a holding rope of an ascending and descending device for the secure independent ascending and descending of a person on the holding rope is known.

[0014] From DE 10 2016 101 651 A1 a device for ascending and descending ropes for the secure, independent ascending and descending of a person on a rope is known.

[0015] The present invention deals with the problem of specifying an embodiment for a dynamic locking system or for a suitable locking device, with the help of which a lightweight dynamic locking system can be realized.

[0016] This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0017] The invention is based on the general concept of providing a belay device for the belay system through which a rope-shaped or strap-shaped support element can be threaded and which has a clamping function that, in the event of a fall, exerts a braking force on the support element, so that the support element can pass through the belay device in a controlled manner to extend the fall path and thus slow the fall. This design transfers the dynamics of the dynamic belay system into the belay device, making it possible to use a static or semi-static support element within the belay system. For flexible use of the dynamic belay system thus provided, the invention further provides that the belay device is configured so that the braking force of the clamping function is adjustable or pre-adjustable.This dynamic belay system can be easily adjusted to the individual weight of the lead climber, ensuring that the deceleration in the event of a fall always remains within a tolerable range. Since both static and semi-static support elements can be used with this dynamic belay system, elements with comparatively low elongation at break can also be employed. This allows for the use of materials that permit support elements with small cross-sections and low weight, such as the aforementioned aramid, polyester, or high-molecular-weight polyethylene elements. The advantages for mountaineering are obvious. This makes the dynamic belay system ideally suited for mountaineering. However, this dynamic belay system can also be used in the same way for workplace safety applications.

[0018] In the present context, a “configuration” corresponds to a “design” and / or a “setup”, so that the phrase “configured so that” is synonymous with the phrase “designed so that” and / or “set up so that”.

[0019] Specifically, the invention proposes that the dynamic belay system comprises a strap-shaped or rope-shaped support element that is to be firmly connected to the lead climber for use of the belay system and is to be passed through at least one fixed anchor point, e.g., on a wall. Furthermore, the dynamic belay system includes a belay device that is to be firmly connected to the second climber and / or a fixed anchor point, e.g., on a wall or on the ground, for use of the belay system. The support element is configured to have an elongation at break of a maximum of 30%, preferably less than 30%. This excludes all dynamic support elements that typically have an elongation at break of more than 40%.In this context, the elongation at break is determined by tensile tests according to the convention applicable to polymer materials. It corresponds to the relative change in length of a tensile specimen at the moment of fracture, i.e., at the end of the tensile test, relative to the initial length of the specimen at the beginning of the test, i.e., when the specimen is still unloaded. For example, if a tensile specimen has a length of 200 mm at the beginning of the test in its unloaded state and breaks at a length of 260 mm at the end of the test, then the absolute change in length is 60 mm and the relative change is 30%, resulting in an elongation at break of 30%.

[0020] The belay device has a passageway for the support element to pass through it. Within this passageway, the belay device features a guide contour against which the support element rests. The belay device also has a pivoting clamping lever with a clamping contour within the passageway. The clamping lever is configured so that, in the event of a fall where the support element passes through the passageway, it adjusts the clamping contour along a travel path towards the guide contour. This clamping contour then presses the support element against the guide contour, generating a braking force through friction. Furthermore, the belay device is equipped with a stop that interacts with the clamping lever and limits the travel path of the clamping contour towards the guide contour to a preset distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour.The belay device presented here features an adjustable distance between the guide and clamping contours, allowing for preset distances. This preset and adjustable distance is determined by the contact between the clamping lever and the stop. It corresponds to the minimum distance between the guide and clamping contours in the event of a fall, thus determining the clamping of the support element between the clamping and guide contours and ultimately the friction of the support element against both. The braking force is therefore determined by this distance. In this belay system, the braking force defines the dynamics and limits the deceleration in the event of a fall. The adjustable distance allows the belay device to be adapted to different cross-sections of the support element.On the other hand, this allows the belaying system to be adjusted for climbers of varying difficulty.

[0021] The braking force transmitted to the support element in the event of a fall is greater than the lead climber's weight when the distance between the guide contour and the clamping contour is properly adjusted (this distance is achieved when the clamping lever is at its stop). This ensures that the lead climber is brought to a complete stop in the event of a fall. The distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour, defined by the stop, is greater than zero and less than the cross-sectional area of ​​the support element measured in the direction of this distance.

[0022] The support element can be a textile support element. The support element can be a rope or a strap. In particular, the support element can be a textile rope or a textile strap. Advantageously, the support element can be configured such that its elongation at break is less than 25%, preferably less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, preferably less than 5%. In particular, this allows static or semi-static support elements to be used to create the dynamic safety system.

[0023] According to an advantageous embodiment, the locking device can be configured such that the guide contour on the locking device is stationary, so that when the support element moves relative to the locking device, it also moves along and relative to the guide contour. This means, for example, that the guide contour cannot be configured as a roller whose outer contour moves along with a support element rolling along it, resulting in virtually no relative movement between the support element and the outer contour of the roller in a contact area. Additionally or alternatively, the clamping contour on the clamping lever can be fixed in position, so that the support element, moving relative to the locking device, also moves relative to the clamping contour. This also precludes the use of a roller or cylinder for the clamping contour whose outer contour moves along with the support element.

[0024] The stationary guide contour creates sliding friction between the support element and the stationary guide contour in the event of a fall, as the support element passes through the belay device. Similarly, the stationary clamping contour creates sliding friction between the support element and the stationary clamping contour in the event of a fall, as the support element passes through the belay device.

[0025] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the belay device can, in addition to the adjustable distance, have a pivoting control lever that can be manually operated by the second climber. This control lever is configured such that it allows the clamping lever to be adjusted for removing the clamping contour from the guide contour, enabling the second climber to regulate the braking force, for example, during a rappel. After a fall into the support element, it may be necessary to rappel the fallen lead climber to the next safe hold. The control lever allows the clamping lever to be moved away from its stop in a controlled manner, thereby modulating the clamping contour away from the guide contour and thus reducing the braking force accordingly.

[0026] According to an advantageous embodiment, the locking device can have a console on which the guide contour is formed and on which the clamping lever is pivotably mounted about a clamping lever pivot axis. This results in a comparatively simple design for the locking device. In particular, it can be provided that the clamping lever can pivot relative to the console about the clamping lever pivot axis to such an extent that the passage path is freely accessible, allowing the support element to be inserted into or removed from the locking device transversely to its longitudinal direction. This also makes it possible, in particular, to retrofit the locking device to the support element.

[0027] According to an advantageous embodiment, the stop can now be provided with a stop contour formed on the console and a counter-stop contour formed on the clamping lever, wherein, to adjust the distance, the stop contour is configured to be adjustable with respect to the console and / or the counter-stop contour is configured to be adjustable with respect to the clamping lever. In other words, in this embodiment, the stop is configured to be adjustable such that the distance can be adjusted by adjusting the stop.

[0028] In another embodiment, the control lever can be pivotally mounted on the clamping lever about a control lever pivot axis that runs parallel to the clamping lever pivot axis. In particular, the clamping lever pivot axis and the control lever pivot axis can be spaced apart from each other. A support can be provided on the bracket or the clamping lever, against which the control lever rests when actuated to adjust the clamping lever. This allows a torque to be applied to the clamping lever via the control lever, pivoting it relative to the bracket.

[0029] The control lever can be designed with a control contour that interacts with the abutment and is configured to allow for fine control of the pivoting of the clamping lever caused by the control lever. Additionally or alternatively, the control lever can be designed to rest against a contact contour formed on the clamping lever in its unactuated initial position. The control lever can be spring-loaded against this contact contour, i.e., in its initial position. Additionally or alternatively, the control lever can be designed to pivot about its pivot axis by at least 60°, preferably approximately 90°, from its initial position when actuated, before interacting with the abutment. This prevents accidental actuation of the control lever to reduce the braking force.

[0030] Advantageously, the clamping lever or console can have a connection point for firmly attaching it to the second climber, which is positioned eccentrically with respect to the clamping lever's pivot axis. The connection point on the clamping lever and the guide contour on the console ensure that, in the event of a fall, the console is pulled upwards by the support element, while simultaneously the clamping lever is pulled downwards or held in place from below. In this way, the clamping contour is pressed against the guide contour, thus achieving the desired braking force.

[0031] According to an advantageous embodiment, the guide contour can be formed on a guide element that is attached to the console, particularly in a replaceable manner. For example, the guide element can be made of a different material than the console. For example, the console can be manufactured cost-effectively from aluminum, while the guide element can be made of wear-resistant steel.

[0032] According to an advantageous embodiment, the distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour can be adjusted by exchanging the guide contour or guide element. This is achieved by replacing a first guide contour or guide element with a first guide contour that creates a first distance between the clamping contour and the first guide contour when the clamping lever is at its stop, with a second guide contour or guide element with a second guide contour that creates a second distance between the clamping contour and the second guide contour that differs from the first distance when the clamping lever is at its stop. In other words, in this embodiment, the stop, and thus the distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour, is adjusted by using different guide contours. The use of tools may be required to exchange the guide contours.

[0033] In another embodiment, the clamping contour can be interchangeably attached to the clamping lever. This allows, for example, a worn clamping contour to be easily replaced with a new one. In particular, it can now be provided that the distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour can be adjusted by exchanging the clamping contour. This is achieved by replacing a first clamping contour, which creates a first distance between the first clamping contour and the guide contour when the clamping lever is at its stop, with a second clamping contour that creates a second distance between the second clamping contour and the guide contour that differs from the first distance when the clamping lever is at its stop. With this configuration, the distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour is thus adjusted by using different clamping contours. The use of tools may be required to exchange the clamping contours.

[0034] According to an advantageous embodiment, the clamping lever can have a counter-stop contour that interacts with the stop to limit the travel of the clamping contour. Optionally, this counter-stop contour can be interchangeably attached to the clamping lever. This allows, for example, a worn counter-stop contour to be easily replaced with a new one. A particularly advantageous configuration is one in which the distance between the guide contour and the clamping contour can be adjusted by exchanging the counter-stop contour. This is achieved by replacing a first counter-stop contour, which creates a first distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour when it is in contact with the stop, with a second counter-stop contour, which creates a second distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour that differs from the first distance when it is in contact with the stop.In this configuration, the distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour is adjusted by using different counter-stop contours. Tools may be required to change the counter-stop contours.

[0035] In an alternative embodiment, the clamping lever may have a counter-stop pin on which a counter-stop contour is formed that interacts with the stop to limit the travel of the clamping contour. This counter-stop pin may have a longitudinal axis extending transversely to the travel and an outer contour that, at least in the region of the counter-stop contour, is spirally shaped with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pin, such that the radial distance of the outer contour from the longitudinal axis of the pin increases in a stepped or continuous direction from a minimum to a maximum in a pin circumferential direction, with the maximum being connected to the minimum via a step. On this counter-stop pin, a section of the outer contour facing the stop forms the counter-stop contour.Advantageously, the counter-stop pin can be rotatably mounted on the clamping lever about its longitudinal axis, allowing different rotational positions to be set by turning it. Alternatively, the counter-stop pin can be fixed in different rotational positions on the clamping lever with respect to its longitudinal axis, allowing different rotational positions to be set by repositioning it. The distance between the guide contour and the clamping contour can then be advantageously adjusted by changing the rotational position of the counter-stop pin. In a first rotational position, with the counter-stop contour in contact with the stop, the counter-stop pin creates a first distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour, while in a second rotational position, with the counter-stop contour in contact with the stop, it creates a second distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour that differs from the first.

[0036] According to an advantageous embodiment, the counter-stop pin on the clamping lever can be fixed in several different rotational positions with respect to the pin's longitudinal axis by means of a projection-recess coupling. The projection-recess coupling can have several recesses distributed eccentrically to the pin's longitudinal axis in the circumferential direction on the clamping lever or the counter-stop pin, and at least one projection formed eccentrically to the pin's longitudinal axis on the counter-stop pin or the clamping lever such that the projection engages in one of the recesses to fix a rotational position of the counter-stop pin. For stable fixation, several projections can be provided. Advantageously, the same number of projections as recesses are provided, and these projections can have identical angular distances from one another.

[0037] In an advantageous alternative embodiment, the stop on the console can be adjustable, particularly linearly, and a manually operated actuator for adjusting the stop to set the distance is also provided on the console. In this embodiment, no interchangeable components of the belay device need to be replaced to adjust the distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour. In this embodiment, the actuator provided on the console is manually operated to adjust the stop relative to the console, thereby setting the distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour. This makes it particularly easy to adapt the belay device to different cross-sections of the support element and / or to lead climbers of varying weights.A particular advantage is that the distance can be adjusted manually, i.e. without tools, so that spontaneous adjustments to the desired braking value or the weight of the lead climber or to a different cross-section of the support element are possible.

[0038] According to an advantageous embodiment, the stop can be formed by a sliding element that is adjustable within a guide, preferably linear, formed on the console. The sliding element has a threaded opening with an internal thread and interacts with the clamping lever at an end section projecting from the guide parallel to the clamping lever pivot axis. The actuator can, in particular, include a spindle rotatably mounted on the console about a spindle axis of rotation extending transversely to the clamping lever pivot axis. This spindle has an external thread matching the internal thread of the threaded opening and passes through the sliding element in the threaded opening. Thus, the spindle extends within the guide and defines an adjustment direction for the sliding element within the guide. The spindle is fixed in position or axially fixed to the console in the direction of its axis of rotation.The sliding element is fixed in the guide on the console, preventing it from rotating around the spindle axis relative to the console. Optionally, the actuator can feature a manually operated adjusting wheel, which is fixed to the spindle. Turning this wheel allows the sliding element to be adjusted along the spindle. Adjusting the sliding element along the spindle also changes the stop for setting the distance.

[0039] In another embodiment, the console can have an actuating opening on an outer side facing away from the clamping lever, in which the adjusting wheel is arranged, in particular flush with or recessed to the outer side, and is accessible for manual operation. This prevents accidental actuation of the adjusting wheel.

[0040] In another advantageous embodiment, the console can have an inspection opening on an outer side facing away from the clamping lever, through which the current position of the sliding element is visible. Furthermore, the console can have a scale on its outer side in the area of ​​the inspection opening, associated with the sliding element, on which the current position of the sliding element can be read. The scale can advantageously correlate with the braking force that can be introduced into the support element in the event of a fall when the clamping lever is adjusted to its stop.

[0041] A safety device according to the invention is configured for fall protection for a person. The safety device has a passageway for guiding a strap-shaped or rope-shaped support element through it. For use, the safety device must be securely attached to the person, while the support element must be securely attached to an anchor point or to another person. The safety device has a guide contour in the passageway against which the support element, guided through the passageway, rests, and also has a pivotable clamping lever which has a clamping contour in the passageway.The clamping lever is configured so that, in the event of a fall where the support element passes through the passage path, it adjusts the clamping contour along a travel path towards the guide contour. The clamping contour then presses the support element against the guide contour, generating a braking force through friction. The belay device also features a stop that interacts with the clamping lever and limits the travel path of the clamping contour towards the guide contour to a preset distance between the clamping contour and the guide contour. The stop is adjustable, allowing different distances to be preset by adjusting the stop. The belay device presented here can, in principle, be used with any support element to form a dynamic belay system.However, the safety device according to the invention is particularly suitable for use with a support element whose elongation at break is a maximum of 30%, in order to form a dynamic safety system of the type described above.

[0042] Advantageous embodiments of the safety device result from the features of the safety device described above, which have already been presented in connection with the dynamic safety system.

[0043] A safety set according to the invention comprises at least two safety devices of the type described above and a rope-shaped or band-shaped support element. The support element can advantageously be configured such that its elongation at break is a maximum of 30%.

[0044] Further important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the drawings and the associated description of the figures based on the drawings.

[0045] It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combinations specified, but also in other combinations or individually, without departing from the scope of the invention. Components of a higher-level unit, such as a device, apparatus, or arrangement, mentioned above and those to be mentioned below, which are designated separately, can form separate parts or components of this unit or be integral areas or sections of this unit, even if this is depicted differently in the drawings.

[0046] Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description, wherein identical reference numerals refer to identical or similar or functionally identical components.

[0047] They show, schematically, Fig. 1. A highly simplified view of a dynamic backup system during its use, Fig. 2 a side view of a safety device in the area of ​​a clamping lever in a first state A and in a second state B. Fig. 3. A side view of the backup device in the area of ​​a console in the first state A and in the second state B. Fig. 4 sectional views of the safety device in the first state B, in the second state C and in a third state A, Fig. 5. An expanded isometric representation of the safety device with components grouped into assemblies. Fig. 6 a view like in Fig. 5, where one assembly is shown from a different viewing direction, Fig. 7. An expanded isometric view of the safety device, in which the components of the assemblies are also shown expanded. Fig. 8 a view like in Fig. 7, however, in a different embodiment of the safety device and in two different viewing directions A and B, Fig. 9 sectional views of the safety device Fig. 8 in the first state B, in the second state C and in the third state A.

[0048] Accordingly Fig. 1 comprises a dynamic belay system 1, a strap-shaped or rope-shaped support element 2, and a belay device 3. The belay system 1 is designed for a climbing pair 4 and is configured to protect against falls from a height. The climbing pair 4 consists of a lead climber (VS) and a second climber (NS). The lead climber (VS) is the first climber 4.1 to be belayed, while the second climber (NS) is the second climber 4.2 providing belaying. During the use of the belay system 1, the support element 2 is firmly connected to the lead climber (VS). For this purpose, the support element 2 can be conveniently connected to a harness of the lead climber (VS), which is not shown in detail here. During the use of the belay system 1, the support element 2 is also passed through at least one fixed anchor point 5. In the example of the Fig. 1. The climbing pair 4 climbs a wall 6. The respective belay point 5 is attached to this wall 6. The belay device 3 is firmly connected to the second climber NS and / or to a fixed anchor point 44 during the use of the belay system 1.

[0049] For example, the support element 2 can be permanently attached to a harness of the second climber (NS), which is not shown in detail here. Additionally or alternatively, the support element 2 can be permanently attached to the anchor point 44, which is located near the second climber (NS) and can, for example, also be formed on the wall 6 or on a floor on which the second climber (NS) is standing. If the support element 2 is attached to the anchor point 44, it does not need to be additionally attached to the second climber (NS). The belay system 1, the respective belay point 5, and the belayer 4.2 form a belay chain for the belayed climber 4.1.

[0050] The load-bearing element 2 is configured to have a maximum elongation at break of 30%. Preferably, the elongation at break of the load-bearing element 2 lies in the range of 5% to 30%. While dynamic load-bearing elements 2 must withstand a dynamic elongation of up to 40% according to the applicable standard EN 892, the securing system 1 proposed here uses a comparatively stiff load-bearing element 2, which exhibits a significantly reduced elongation at break. In particular, static and semi-static load-bearing elements 2 can be used in the securing system 1 presented here.

[0051] According to the Fig. 2 to 9, the safety device 3 only has one in the Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C as well as 9A, 9B and 9C, recognizable passage path 7, which is indicated by a dashed line. The passage path 7 serves to guide the support element 2 through the safety device 3. In the Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C as well as 9A, 9B and 9C, the support element 2 is guided along the passage path 7 through the safety device 3 in such a way that it is in the Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C as well as 9A, 9B and 9C lead upwards to the lead climber's belay device (VS). This is a connection 8, which exists between the lead climber's belay device (VS) and the support element 2, in which Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C, as well as 9A, 9B, and 9C, are indicated by a double arrow. Furthermore, the safety device 3 is shown in the Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C as well as 9A, 9B and 9C are firmly connected downwards to the second climber NS. A corresponding connection 9 between the belay device 3 and the second climber NS is in the Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C as well as 9A, 9B and 9C are indicated by a double arrow.

[0052] The safety device 3 has a guide contour 10 in the passage path 7, against which the support element 2, which passes through the passage path 7, rests. Furthermore, the safety device 3 has a clamping lever 12 that can be pivoted about a clamping lever pivot axis 11, which is located in the Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C as well as 9A, 9B and 9C are largely omitted in order to allow a view of the passage path 7. The clamping lever 12 has a clamping contour 13 in the passage path 7. The clamping lever 12 is configured such that, in the event of a fall, it extends the clamping contour 13 along an adjustment path 14, which is located in the Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C, as well as 9A, 9B, and 9C, indicated by an arrow, are adjusted in the direction of guide contour 10, such that the clamping lever 12, by means of the clamping contour 13, presses the support element 2 against the guide contour 10. This pressing of the support element 2 against the guide contour 10 by means of the clamping contour 13 generates a braking force that slows the support element 2. In the event of a fall, the support element 2 runs or slides through the passage path 7, in the direction of the lead climber (VS) or towards the belay point 5, i.e., upwards. In doing so, the support element 2 pulls the belay device 3 upwards with it. The belay device 3 being fixed to the second climber (NS) causes the clamping lever 12 to pivot, which in turn causes the clamping contour 13 to press the support element 2 against the guide contour 10.

[0053] The safety device 3 has one in the Fig. 4 to 9 identifiable stop 15, which interacts with the clamping lever 12 and limits the travel 14 of the clamping contour 13 towards the guide contour 10 to a preset distance 16 between the clamping contour 13 and the guide contour 10. In the event of a fall, the support element 2 is thus compressed by the clamping contour 13 and the guide contour 10 until it reaches the stop 15, i.e., to a maximum of the preset distance 16. The safety device 3 presented here is configured such that the distance 16 is adjustable, allowing different distances 16 to be preset. In the preferred embodiment shown here, the stop 15 is adjustable to set the distance 16. This means that by adjusting the stop 15, the distance 16 can be adjusted and preset accordingly.

[0054] For those in the Fig. The first embodiment of the safety device 3 shown in figures 2 to 7 shows Fig. 4B a first end position of the stop 15, which leads to a greater distance 16 than that in Fig. 4C shows the second end position of the stop 15, which leads to a smaller distance 16. In Fig. In 4C, the stop is 15 cm further to the right than in Fig. 4B. In Fig. In 4A, stop 15 is in the same position as in Fig. 4C. In Fig. In 4A, however, the clamping lever 12 is in a deflected position, in which it is spaced away from the stop 15. For the in the Fig. 8 and Fig. The second embodiment of the safety device 3 shown in 9 shows Fig. 9B a maximum position of the stop 15, which leads to the greater distance 16 than that in Fig. 9C shows the minimum position of the stop 15, which leads to the smaller distance 16. In Fig. 9A the clamping lever 12 is in a deflected position, in which it is spaced away from the stop 15.

[0055] The guide contour 10 is configured as a sliding surface along which the support element 2 is guided, allowing sliding friction to develop between the support element 2 and the guide contour 10. In the example shown, the clamping contour 13 is also configured as a sliding surface along which the support element 2 can slide, allowing sliding friction to also occur between the support element 2 and the clamping contour 13. In the event of a fall, the clamping contour 13 is pressed against the guide contour 10, clamping the support element 2 between the clamping contour 13 and the guide contour 10. This generates a clamping force acting perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the support element 2, which in turn generates sliding friction forces between the guide contour 10 and the support element 2, and between the clamping contour 13 and the support element 2. These sliding friction forces ultimately generate the desired braking force, which acts on the support element 2 in the event of a fall to decelerate the fall of the lead climber (VS).The adjustable stop 15 and the associated adjustable distance 16, which is established when the clamping lever 12 is in contact with the stop 15, allow the braking force to be adjusted. This braking force acts on the support element 2 in the event of a fall to decelerate it. The stop 15 is conveniently adjusted depending on the support element 2 and the lead climber's weight. In particular, the distance 16 is adjusted so that the braking force occurring in the event of a fall can completely decelerate the support element 2, thus bringing the falling lead climber to a standstill. For the belay device 3 to generate the desired braking force in the event of a fall, the stop 15 must be adjusted so that the distance 16 resulting from the clamping lever 12 being in contact with the stop 15 is less than the thickness of the support element 2 measured in the direction of the distance.For a support element 2 designed as a cable, the distance 16 must therefore be set smaller than the cable diameter. For a support element 2 designed as a belt, the distance 16 must then be set smaller than the belt thickness.

[0056] According to the Fig. In sections 2, 3, and 5 to 9, the belay device 3 can have a control lever 17 that is pivotable about a control lever pivot axis 18. The control lever 17 can also be manually operated by the second climber (NS) and is configured such that, with the help of the control lever 17, the clamping lever 12 can be pivoted about the clamping lever pivot axis 11 to move the clamping contour 13 away from the guide contour 10, regardless of whether the clamping lever 12 is against the stop 15 or not. By pivoting the control lever 17, the second climber (NS) can modulate the braking force. By operating the control lever 17, the clamping lever 12 is pivoted so that the clamping contour 13 moves away from the guide contour 10. Consequently, the clamping force that holds the support element 2 between the clamping contour 13 and the guide contour 10 decreases. As the clamping force decreases, so does the sliding friction force, which correlates with the braking force.Using the control lever 17, the belay device 3 can be used as a rappel device. The fallen lead climber (VS) can then be safely rappelped by the second climber (NS) to the nearest secure foothold.

[0057] According to the Fig. In sections 2 to 9, the safety device 3 has a console 19 on which the guide contour 10 is formed and on which the clamping lever 12 is pivotally mounted about the clamping lever pivot axis 11. The control lever 17 is pivotally mounted on the clamping lever 12, with the clamping lever pivot axis 11 running parallel to the control lever pivot axis 18. The console 19 has an abutment 20 against which the control lever 17 rests when actuated to adjust the clamping lever 12. A connection point 21 for firmly connecting the control device 3 to the secondary ladder is formed on the clamping lever 12, here in the form of a through-hole, which can also be referred to as an eye or loop. The connection point 21 is arranged eccentrically with respect to the clamping lever pivot axis 11.

[0058] The stop 15 has a stop contour 55 formed on the console 19 and a counter-stop contour 24 formed on the clamping lever 12. To adjust the distance 16, the stop 15 can be configured to be adjustable by configuring the stop contour 55 to be adjustable relative to the console 19 and / or the counter-stop contour 24 to be adjustable relative to the clamping lever 12. In the Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figures 2 to 7, the stop 15 is configured such that the stop contour 55 is adjustable, so that the distance 16 can be adjusted by adjusting the stop contour 55 relative to the console 19. In the embodiment shown in the Fig. 8 and Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 9, the stop 15 is configured such that the counter-stop contour 45 is adjustable, so that the distance 16 can be adjusted by adjusting the counter-stop contour 45 relative to the clamping lever 12.

[0059] The Fig. 2A, Fig. 3A and Fig. Figures 4B and 9B show a first state I, which is established when the clamping lever 12 comes to rest against the stop 15 at the largest adjustable distance 16. In contrast, the Fig. 2B, Fig. 3B and Fig. 4C and 9C have a second state II, which occurs when the clamping lever 12 comes into contact with the stop 15 at the smallest adjustable distance 16. The clamping lever 12 then visibly pivots relative to the console 19. Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C clockwise and in the Fig. 9B and Fig. 9C counterclockwise when the stop 15 is from the maximum distance 16 Fig. 4B and Fig. 9B at the minimum distance of 16 according to Fig. 4C and Fig. 9C is adjusted. Fig. 4A and Fig. In contrast, in 9A the clamping lever 12 is pivoted in the opposite direction relative to the console 19, in Fig. 4A counterclockwise and in Fig. 9A clockwise, namely through the support element 2, which, due to its cross-section, in an unloaded third state III of the safety device 3, pushes the clamping contour 13 away from the guide contour 10.

[0060] According to Fig. 7 The guide contour 10 can be formed on a guide element 22 which is attached to the bracket 19. Preferably, the guide element 22 is detachably or interchangeably attached to the bracket 19 so that it can be easily replaced, for example, in case of wear. In principle, an embodiment is possible in which the distance 16 is adjustable by replacing the guide element 22. For this purpose, several guide elements 22 can be provided, which differ from one another by different guide contours 10.Thus, a first guide element 22 with a first guide contour 10, which creates a first distance 16 between the clamping contour 13 and the first guide contour 10 when the clamping lever 12 is against the stop 15, can be exchanged for a second guide element 22 with a second guide contour 10, which creates a second distance 16 between the clamping contour 13 and the second guide contour 10 when the clamping lever 12 is against the stop 15, different from the first distance 16.

[0061] In the example shown here, the clamping contour 13 is formed by a cylindrical clamping pin 23 formed on the clamping lever 12, which extends parallel to the clamping lever pivot axis 11. The clamping pin 23, and thus the clamping contour 13, can be interchangeably attached to the clamping lever 12. Therefore, the distance 16 can be adjusted by replacing the clamping contour 13. For this purpose, a first clamping contour 13, which creates a first distance 16 between the first clamping contour 13 and the guide contour 10 when the clamping lever 12 is against the stop 15, can be replaced by a second clamping contour 13, which, when the clamping lever 12 is against the stop 15, creates a second distance 16 between the second clamping contour 13 and the guide contour 10 that differs from the first distance 16.

[0062] The clamping lever 12 can have a counter-stop contour 24 which is in Fig. 6 is recognizable and in the Fig. 4A, Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C is indicated. This counter-stop contour 24 interacts with the stop 15 to limit the travel 14 of the clamping contour 13. In principle, it is conceivable to attach the counter-stop contour 24 to the clamping lever 12 in a replaceable manner. For example, the counter-stop contour 24 could also be a wear part. For instance, the counter-stop contour 24 could be formed on a support element 25, which is detachably attached to the clamping lever 12. By replacing the support element 25, the counter-stop contour 24 can be replaced. The stop 15, and thus also the distance 16, can now be adjusted by replacing the counter-stop contour 24 or the support element 25.For this purpose, a first counter-stop contour 24, which, when the clamping lever 12 is in contact with the stop 15, i.e., when the first counter-stop contour 24 is in contact with the stop contour 55, creates a first distance 16 between the clamping contour 13 and the guide contour 10, can be exchanged for a second counter-stop contour 24, which, when the clamping lever 12 is in contact with the stop 15, i.e., when the second counter-stop contour 24 is in contact with the stop contour 55, creates a second distance 16 between the clamping contour 13 and the guide contour 10 that differs from the first distance 16.

[0063] However, the preferred method for adjusting the stop 15 is as shown here. Fig. The embodiment shown in Figures 2 to 7 is realized in which the stop 15 or the stop contour 55 is adjustably mounted on the console 19. For this purpose, the stop 15 has a stop body 56 having the stop contour 55. Preferably, the stop 15 or the stop body 56 is adjustable linearly or in a straight line along the console 19. For this purpose, a manually operated actuator 26 can be provided on the console 19, which is configured to adjust the stop 15 or the stop body 56 to set the distance 16. Due to the linear adjustability of the stop 15 or the stop body 56 on the console 19, two extreme positions or end positions for the stop 15 or the stop body 56, and thus two maximum values ​​for the distance 16, can be set. In addition, the actuator 26 can be configured such that there is no difference between the two end positions of the stop 15 or the stop body 56.The stop body 56 can also be set to virtually any number of intermediate positions, thus allowing any number of intermediate values ​​to be set for the distance 16 between the two maximum values. Furthermore, the stop 15 or the stop body 56 can be adjusted without tools using the actuator 26 and can even be done immediately before the safety device 3 is used. In contrast, replacing the guide contour 10 or the guide element 22, the counter stop contour 24 or the support component 25, and the clamping contour 13 or the clamping pin 23 are significantly more complex and can only be carried out using a suitable tool.

[0064] According to an advantageous embodiment, the stop 15 or the stop body 56 can be formed by a sliding body 27, which is guided, and in particular linearly guided, in a cam 28 formed on the console 19. The sliding body 27 includes a threaded opening 29 with an internal thread (not shown here) and has an end section 30 that projects from the cam 28 parallel to the clamping lever pivot axis 11 and interacts with the clamping lever 12 to form the stop 15. The actuator 26 has a spindle 31 that is rotatably arranged on the console 19 about a spindle axis of rotation 32 extending transversely to the clamping lever pivot axis 11. The spindle 31 has an external thread (not shown here) that is complementary to the internal thread of the threaded opening 29 and passes through the sliding body 27 in the threaded opening 29.Furthermore, the actuator 26 has a manually rotatable adjusting wheel 33, which is fixedly connected to the spindle 31. The sliding element 27 is guided in the cam 28 so as to be fixed to rotation with respect to the spindle axis of rotation 32 and linearly adjustable parallel to the spindle axis of rotation 32. Rotating the adjusting wheel 33 thus results in a rotation of the spindle 31, causing the sliding element 27 to move along the spindle 31 in the cam 28. Consequently, the stop 15 formed on the sliding element 27 is moved parallel to the spindle axis of rotation 32. The rotary actuator 26 is arranged on the cam 19 such that the spindle 31 is rotatable about its spindle axis of rotation 32, but is fixedly mounted on the bracket 19 parallel to the spindle axis of rotation 32. In particular, the spindle 31 extends within the cam 28.

[0065] According to the Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B can conveniently mount the console 19 on an outer side 34 facing away from the clamping lever 12, which is located in the Fig. 3A and Fig. The console 19, which faces the viewer, has an actuating opening 35 in which the adjusting wheel 33 is arranged and accessible for manual operation. The adjusting wheel 35 and the console 19 can be aligned such that the adjusting wheel 33 is flush with the outer surface 34 or even recessed relative to the outer surface 34 within the actuating opening 35. Furthermore, the console 19 can have a control opening 36 on the outer surface 34 through which the current position of the sliding element 27, and thus of the stop 15, is visible. In particular, a scale 37 associated with the sliding element 27 can be provided on the outer surface 34 in the area of ​​the control opening 36. The current position of the sliding element 27 can be read from the scale 37. The scale 37 can correlate with the braking force resulting from the current position of the sliding element 27, and thus of the stop 15 or the stop body 56.

[0066] According to the Fig. From 5 to 7, the cam 28 on the console 19 is open on the inside facing the clamping lever 12 to allow mounting of the sliding body 27 and the actuator 26. In the Fig. Figures 5 to 7 show a locking body 38, which can be attached to the console 19 to close the cam 28. The locking body 38 also secures the guide element 22 to the console 19. The locking body 38 has a groove 39 into which a web 40, formed on the clamping lever 12, engages in a form-fitting manner when mounted. The web 40 and the groove 39 form a tongue-and-groove guide for stable and guided pivoting of the clamping lever 12 on the console 19.

[0067] Fig. Figure 7 also shows a contact element 41, which is attached to the clamping lever 12 and against which the control lever 17 comes to rest in its starting position. A clamping lever spring 42 drives the clamping lever 12 against the stop 15. A control lever spring 43 drives the control lever 17 against the contact element. Several unspecified bearing elements and fastening elements are also shown.

[0068] During the Fig. 8 and Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 9, the stop 15 is also configured to be adjustable, but not by the adjustable stop contour 55, but rather by the adjustable counter-stop contour 24. For this purpose, the clamping lever 12 has, according to the Fig. 8A and Fig. 8B a counter-stop pin 45 on which the counter-stop contour 24 is formed, which interacts with the stop 15 or with the stop contour 55 to limit the travel 14 of the clamping contour 13. The counter-stop pin 45 has a pin longitudinal axis 46 extending transversely to the travel 14 and an outer contour 47 which, at least in the area of ​​the counter-stop contour 24 with respect to the pin longitudinal axis 46, has a spiral cross-section, such that a radial distance of the outer contour 47 from the pin longitudinal axis 46 is maintained in a pin circumferential direction 48, which is in the Fig. 8A and Fig. As indicated by a double arrow in 8B, the radial distance increases from a minimum 49 to a maximum 50. A multi-stage increase of this radial distance is shown. In this example, the maximum 50 connects to the minimum 49 via a stage 51. A section of the outer contour 47 facing the stop 15 or the stop contour 55 forms the counter-stop contour 24. The counter-stop pin 45 can, in principle, be rotatably arranged on the clamping lever 12 about the pin's longitudinal axis 46, so that different rotational positions can be set for the counter-stop pin 45 by turning it. In the example shown here, the counter-stop pin 45 can be fixed in different rotational positions on the clamping lever 12 with respect to the pin's longitudinal axis 46. Consequently, different rotational positions can be set for the counter-stop pin 45 by repositioning it.Depending on the rotational position, different sections of the outer contour 47 can face the stop contour 55, which differ from each other by their radial distances from the longitudinal axis 46 of the pin. The distance 16 between the clamping contour 13 and the guide contour 10 can now be adjusted by changing the rotational position of the counter-stop pin 45, e.g., according to... Fig. 9B, a first rotational position of the counter-stop pin 45, with the counter-stop contour 24 abutting the stop 15 or the stop contour 55, creates a first distance 16 between the clamping contour 13 and the guide contour 10, which here represents a maximum distance. In contrast, according to Fig. 9C a second rotational position of the counter-stop pin 45 with the counter-stop contour 24 in contact with the stop 15 or with the stop contour 55, a second distance 16 between the clamping contour 13 and the guide contour 10, which here represents a minimum value and differs from the first distance 16.

[0069] The counter-stop pin 45 can be fixed in several different rotational positions on the clamping lever 12 by means of a projection-recess coupling 54 with respect to the pin's longitudinal axis 46. This projection-recess coupling 54 can have several recesses 52 distributed eccentrically to the pin's longitudinal axis 46 in the pin's circumferential direction 48 on the clamping lever 12. In an alternative embodiment, the recesses 52 can instead be formed on the counter-stop pin 45. The projection-recess coupling 54 also has at least one projection 53 formed eccentrically to the pin's longitudinal axis 46 on the counter-stop pin 45 such that the projection 53 engages in one of the recesses 52 to fix a rotational position of the counter-stop pin 45. In an alternative embodiment, the respective projection 53 can instead be formed on the clamping lever 12.The number of recesses 52 provides a division or grid for the adjustable rotational positions of the counter-stop pin 45. The projections 53 are in . Fig. 8B designed as pencils. The recesses 52 are according to Fig. 8A are designed as holes complementary to the pins. In the example of the Fig. 8A and Fig. In 8B, the console 19 is designed in two parts, so that it has two console parts 19.1 and 19.2, between which the clamping lever 12 is arranged and pivotably mounted on it.

Claims

[1] Dynamic belaying system (1) for protection against falls from a height for a pair of climbers (4) comprising a lead climber (LC) as the first climber to be belayed (4.1) and a second climber (SL) as the belaying second climber (4.2), - with a strap-shaped or rope-shaped support element (2) which is to be firmly connected to the lead climber (VS) for use with the belaying system (1) and is to be passed through at least one fixed belay point (5), - with a belay device (3) which is to be securely connected to the second climber (NS) and / or to a fixed anchor point (44) for use with the belay system (1), - wherein the supporting element (2) is configured such that it has a maximum elongation at break of 30%, - wherein the securing device (3) has a through-path (7) for passing the support element (2) through the securing device (3), - wherein the safety device (3) has a guide contour (10) in the passage path (7) against which the support element (2) passing through the passage path (7) rests, - wherein the safety device (3) has a pivotable clamping lever (12) which has a clamping contour (13) in the through-path (7), - wherein the clamping lever (12) is configured such that, in a fall in which the support element (2) passes through the passage path (7), it adjusts the clamping contour (13) along an adjustment path (14) in the direction of the guide contour (10) and, by means of the clamping contour (13), presses the support element (2) against the guide contour (10) and generates a braking force by friction that slows the support element (2), such that the support element (2) can pass through the safety device (3) in a controlled manner to extend a fall path and slow the fall, - wherein the locking device (3) has a stop (15) which limits the travel (14) of the clamping contour (13) in the direction of the guide contour (10) to a preset distance (16) between the clamping contour (13) and the guide contour (10), - wherein the safety device (3) is configured such that different distances (16) can be preset. [2] Security system (1) according to claim 1, characterized by , - that the supporting element (2) is a textile supporting element (2). [3] Security system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , - that the supporting element (2) is a rope or a strap. [4] Security system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that the elongation at break of the supporting element (2) is less than 25%, preferably less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, preferably less than 5%. [5] Security system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that the safety device (3) has a pivotable control lever (17) that can be manually operated by the second climber (NS) and is configured such that the clamping lever (12) can be adjusted by means of the control lever (17) to remove the clamping contour (13) from the guide contour (10), so that the second climber (NS) can control the braking force by means of the control lever (17). [6] Security system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , - that the safety device (3) has a console (19) on which the guide contour (10) is formed and on which the clamping lever (12) is pivotably mounted about a clamping lever pivot axis (11). - that the stop (15) has a stop contour (55) formed on the console (19) and a counter-stop contour (24) formed on the clamping lever (12), - that to adjust the distance (16) the stop contour (55) is configured to be adjustable with respect to the console (19) and / or the counter stop contour (24) is configured to be adjustable with respect to the clamping lever (12). [7] Security system (1) according to claims 5 and 6, characterized by , - that the control lever (17) is pivotably mounted on the clamping lever (12) about a control lever pivot axis (18) running parallel to the clamping lever pivot axis (11), - that the console (19) or the clamping lever (12) has a support (20) against which the control lever (17) rests when it is actuated to adjust the clamping lever (12). [8] Security system (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized by , - that the clamping lever (12) or the console (19) has a connection point (21) for fixed connection to the second climber (NS) which is arranged eccentrically with respect to the clamping lever pivot axis (11). [9] Security system (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized by , - that the guide contour (10) is formed on a guide element (22) which is attached to the console (19). [10] Security system (1) according to claim 9, characterized by , - that the distance (16) is adjustable by replacing the guide element (22) by exchanging a first guide element (22) with a first guide contour (10), which, when the clamping lever (12) is against the stop (15), creates a first distance (16) between the clamping contour (13) and the first guide contour (10), with a second guide element (22) with a second guide contour (10), which, when the clamping lever (12) is against the stop (15), creates a second distance (16) between the clamping contour (13) and the second guide contour (10) that differs from the first distance (16). [11] Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by , - that the clamping contour (13) is interchangeably attached to the clamping lever (12), - that the distance (16) is adjustable by replacing the clamping contour (13) by replacing a first clamping contour (13), which, when the clamping lever (12) is against the stop (15), creates a first distance (16) between the first clamping contour (13) and the guide contour (10), with a second clamping contour (13), which, when the clamping lever (12) is against the stop (15), creates a second distance (16) between the second clamping contour (13) and the guide contour (10) that differs from the first distance (16). [12] Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by , - that the clamping lever (12) has the counter-stop contour (24) which interacts with the stop (15) to limit the travel (14) of the clamping contour (13), - that the counter-stop contour (24) is interchangeably attached to the clamping lever (12), - that the distance (16) is adjustable by exchanging the counter-stop contour (24) by exchanging a first counter-stop contour (24), which, when the first counter-stop contour (24) is in contact with the stop (15), creates a first distance (16) between the clamping contour (13) and the guide contour (10), with a second counter-stop contour (24), which, when the second counter-stop contour (24) is in contact with the stop (15), creates a second distance (16) between the clamping contour (13) and the guide contour (10) that differs from the first distance (16). [13] Security system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by , - that the clamping lever (12) has a counter-stop pin (45) on which the counter-stop contour (24) is formed, which interacts with the stop (15) to limit the travel (14) of the clamping contour (13), - that the counter-stop pin (45) has a pin longitudinal axis (46) extending transversely to the adjustment path (14) and an outer contour (47) which, at least in the area of ​​the counter-stop contour (24), is spirally shaped with respect to the pin longitudinal axis (46), such that a radial distance of the outer contour (47) from the pin longitudinal axis (46) in a pin circumferential direction (48) increases in a stepped or stepless manner from a minimum (49) to a maximum (50), wherein the maximum (50) connects to the minimum (49) via a step (51), - that a section of the outer contour (47) facing the stop (15) forms the counter-stop contour (24), - that the counter-stop pin (45) is either rotatably arranged on the clamping lever (12) about the pin longitudinal axis (46), so that different rotational positions can be set for the counter-stop pin (45) by turning it, or can be fixed in different rotational positions on the clamping lever (12) with respect to the pin longitudinal axis (46), so that different rotational positions can be set for the counter-stop pin (45) by repositioning it, - that the distance (16) is adjustable by changing the rotational position of the counter-stop pin (45), whereby a first rotational position of the counter-stop pin (45) with the counter-stop contour (24) in contact with the stop (15) creates a first distance (16) between the clamping contour (13) and the guide contour (10), while a second rotational position of the counter-stop pin (45) with the counter-stop contour (24) in contact with the stop (15) creates a second distance (16) between the clamping contour (13) and the guide contour (10) that differs from the first distance (16). [14] Security system (1) according to claim 13, characterized by , - that the counter-stop pin (45) on the clamping lever (12) can be fixed in several different rotational positions on the clamping lever (12) by means of a projection-recess coupling (54) with respect to the pin longitudinal axis (46), - that the projection-recess coupling (54) has several recesses (52) which are distributed eccentrically to the longitudinal axis (46) of the pin in the circumferential direction (48) of the pin on the clamping lever (12) or on the counter-stop pin (45), - that the projection-recess coupling (54) has at least one projection (53) which is formed eccentrically to the longitudinal axis (46) of the pin on the counter-stop pin (45) or on the clamping lever (12) such that the projection (53) engages in one of the recesses (52) to fix a rotational position of the counter-stop pin (45). [15] Security system (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized by , - that the stop (15) is adjustable on the console (19), - that a manually operable actuator (26) for adjusting the stop (15) for setting the distance (16) is provided on the console (19). [16] Security system (1) according to claim 15, characterized by , - that the stop (15) is formed by a sliding body (27) which is adjustable in a cam (28) formed on the console (19), which has a threaded opening (29) with an internal thread and which interacts with the clamping lever (12) at an end section (30) projecting from the cam (28) parallel to the clamping lever pivot axis (11), - that the actuator (26) has a spindle (31) which is rotatably arranged on the console (19) about a spindle rotation axis (32) extending transversely to the clamping lever pivot axis (11), which has an external thread matching the internal thread of the threaded opening (29) and which passes through the sliding body (27) in the threaded opening (29), - that the actuator (26) has a manually rotatable adjusting wheel (33) which is non-rotatably connected to the spindle (31) so that the sliding body (27) can be adjusted along the spindle (31) by rotating the adjusting wheel (33). [17] Security system (1) according to claim 16, characterized by , - that the console (19) has an actuating opening (35) on an outer side (34) facing away from the clamping lever (12), in which the adjusting wheel (33) is arranged and accessible for manual actuation. [18] Security system (1) according to claim 16 or 17, characterized by , - that the console (19) has an inspection opening (36) on an outer side (34) facing away from the clamping lever (12), through which the current position of the sliding body (27) is visible, - that the console (19) has on its outside (34) in the area of ​​the control opening (36) a scale (37) associated with the sliding body (27) on which the current position of the sliding body (27) can be read. [19] Safety device (3) for protection against falls from a height for one person, - wherein the belaying device (3) has a passage path (7) for passing a strap-shaped or rope-shaped support element (2) through the belaying device (3), - wherein the safety device (3) must be firmly attached to the person for its use, while the support element (2) must be firmly attached to a safety point (5) or to another person, - wherein the safety device (3) has a guide contour (10) in the passage path (7) against which the support element (2) passing through the passage path (7) rests, - wherein the safety device (3) has a pivotable clamping lever (12) which has a clamping contour (13), - wherein the clamping lever (12) is configured such that, in a fall in which the support element (2) passes through the passage path (7), it adjusts the clamping contour (13) along an adjustment path (14) in the direction of the guide contour (10) and, by means of the clamping contour (13), presses the support element (2) against the guide contour (10) and generates a braking force by friction that slows the support element (2), such that the support element (2) can pass through the safety device (3) in a controlled manner to extend a fall path and slow the fall, - wherein the safety device (3) has a stop (15) which interacts with the clamping lever (12) and limits the travel (14) of the clamping contour (13) in the direction of the guide contour (10) to a preset distance (16) between the clamping contour (13) and the guide contour (10), - wherein the stop (15) is configured to be adjustable, such that different distances (16) can be preset by adjusting the stop (15). [20] Safety device (3) according to claim 19, characterized by the characterizing features of at least one of claims 5 to 18. [21] Use of a safety device (3) according to claim 19 or 20 as a fall arrestor on a person, - in which the person is secured by means of a rope-shaped or strap-shaped support element (2), - in which the support element (2) and the safety device (3) are firmly connected to the person, - in which the support element (2) is passed through the safety device (3), - in which a loose section of the support element (2) extends from the safety device (3) to an attachment point of the support element (2) on the person, which is longer than the distance between the safety device (3) and the attachment point. [22] Safety set comprising at least two safety devices (3) according to claim 19 or 20 and a rope-shaped or strap-shaped support element (2).

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