One-way valve for battery cells

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery (1) for an electric vehicle, comprising at least one battery cell (2), a battery cell housing (3) and a one-way valve (4) with a plate (5) and a fixing element (6), wherein the battery cells (2) are arranged in the battery cell housing (3), the battery cell housing (3) comprises the one-way valve (4), the plate (5) of the one-way valve (4) comprises slots (7), the slots (7) being provided on the plate (5) in such a way that individual flaps (8) are formed, and the fixing element (6) is arranged behind the plate (5) in such a way that the flaps (8) can only move in one direction, outwards, to degas the interior of the battery cell housing (3).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a battery for an electric vehicle.

[0002] From EP3940860A1, a device for venting battery cells is known. The battery cell's venting device opens when overpressure builds up and releases the venting gases into a venting channel system.

[0003] The device according to the invention comprises at least one battery cell, a battery cell housing and a one-way valve with a plate and a fixing element wherein - The at least one battery cell is arranged in the battery cell housing, - the battery cell housing includes the one-way valve, - the plate of the one-way valve includes slots, the slots being arranged on the plate in such a way as to form individual flaps, - the fixing element is arranged behind the plate in such a way that the flaps can only move in one direction, outwards, to degas the interior of the battery cell housing.

[0004] The inventive assembly, comprising a battery cell, battery cell housing, one-way valve, plate, and fixing element, enables the venting of the battery cell. The one-way valve allows hot gases to escape from the cell and prevents the ingress of gases and particles from the outside. This allows the cell to be vented and prevents damage to the cell from, for example, hot gases or particles from neighboring cells. In the event of thermal runaway in one cell, this prevents neighboring cells from being damaged by the escaping hot gases or particles, or from experiencing a self-reinforcing thermal propagation.

[0005] In this context, thermal runaway means the burning out of a cell due to an internal short circuit, overvoltage, thermal heating, or external mechanical influences.

[0006] In this context, self-reinforcing thermal propagation means the "ignition" of a cell by the hot gases or particles of a neighboring cell that has already undergone thermal runaway.

[0007] Preferably, the fixing element comprises a grid. Due to the limited opening range of the flaps in one direction, the grid prevents movement of the flaps inwards towards the cell. Furthermore, the grid allows gases to pass out of the cell.

[0008] The one-way valve preferably includes a sealing material arranged at the slots and designed to further close the flaps. The sealing material enables the flaps to be sealed and closed. The flaps can remain closed until venting of the cells is required. Furthermore, sealing the flaps prevents gases from entering the cells from adjacent cells.

[0009] The sealing material is preferably designed to allow movement of the flaps above a threshold temperature and / or when a certain pressure value is exceeded. This allows the pressure threshold to be set. This ensures that the flaps only open at a critical internal pressure and that the cell is sealed beforehand to prevent any gases from entering from the outside.

[0010] The plate preferably incorporates a heat-insulating material. This material shields the cell from hot gases and high temperatures. Furthermore, the heat-insulating material prevents damage to the plate, as it cannot be burned through by hot gases or particles.

[0011] Preferably, the battery includes a protective plate arranged on the front of the one-way valve and designed to protect the one-way valve. The protective plate preferably includes a recess for the flaps. The protective plate provides additional stability to the valve and protects it from external influences such as gases and particles. Furthermore, the recess for the flaps allows the flaps to open.

[0012] A preferred application of the battery according to the invention is in all types of vehicles such as passenger cars, trucks, aircraft or ships.

[0013] The dependent claims describe further advantageous embodiments of the invention.

[0014] Preferred embodiments are explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. These show Fig. 1 a first embodiment of the battery according to the invention, Fig. 2 a first embodiment of the one-way valve according to the invention, Fig. 3 the first embodiment of the one-way valve according to the invention in the open state, Fig. 4 a second embodiment of the one-way valve according to the invention, Fig. 5 the second embodiment of the one-way valve according to the invention in the open state and Fig. 6 a third embodiment of the one-way valve according to the invention.

[0015] Fig. Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the battery 1 according to the invention for an electric vehicle. The battery 1 comprises four battery cells 2. The battery cells 2 are arranged in a battery cell housing 3. The battery cell housing 3 includes a one-way valve 4.

[0016] Fig. 2 and Fig. Figure 3 shows a first embodiment of the one-way valve 4 according to the invention. The one-way valve 4 comprises a plate 5 and a fixing element 6. The plate 5 of the one-way valve 4 includes slots 7. The slots 7 on the plate 5 are arranged such that individual flaps 8 are formed. The fixing element 6 is arranged behind the plate 5 such that the flaps 8 can only move in one direction, outwards away from the fixing element. The fixing element 6 consists of a grid. The plate 5 comprises a heat-insulating material. The heat-insulating material consists of a thermal barrier film made of mica.

[0017] Fig. 4 and Fig. Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of the one-way valve 4 according to the invention. In addition to the first embodiment, the one-way valve 4 comprises a protective plate 10. The protective plate 10 is attached to the front side of the one-way valve 4. The protective plate 10 is designed to protect the one-way valve 4. The protective plate 10 includes a recess for the flaps 8.

[0018] Fig. Figure 6 shows a third embodiment of the one-way valve 4 according to the invention. In addition to the second embodiment, the one-way valve 4 comprises a sealing material 9. The sealing material 9 seals the flaps from the outside. The sealing material is designed to allow movement of the flaps 8 only at a specific temperature of 200 °C or overpressure of 50 bar. The sealing material 9 comprises the synthetic resin epoxy. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 3940860A1

[0002]

Claims

[1] Battery (1) for an electric vehicle, comprising at least one battery cell (2), a battery cell housing (3) and a one-way valve (4) with a plate (5) and a fixing element (6), wherein, - the at least one battery cell (2) is arranged in the battery cell housing (3), - the battery cell housing (3) comprises the one-way valve (4), - the plate (5) of the one-way valve (4) comprises slots (7), the slots (7) being formed on the plate (5) in such a way that individual flaps (8) are formed, - the fixing element (6) is arranged behind the plate (5) in such a way that the flaps (8) can only move in one direction, outwards, to degas the interior of the battery cell housing (3). [2] Battery according to claim 1, wherein the fixing element (6) comprises a grid. [3] Battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the one-way valve (4) additionally comprises a sealing material (9) which is arranged on the slots (7) and is designed to close the flaps (8). [4] Battery according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sealing material (9) is designed such that it enables movement of the flaps (8) above a threshold temperature and / or when a certain pressure value is exceeded. [5] Battery according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plate (5) comprises a thermal protection material. [6] Battery according to one of the preceding claims, additionally comprising a protective plate (10) which is arranged on the front side of the one-way valve (4) and is designed to protect the one-way valve (4). [7] Battery according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective plate (10) comprises a recess (11) for the flaps. [8] Battery according to claim 7, wherein the protective plate (10) comprises a thermal barrier film made of mica. [9] Battery according to claim 3, wherein the sealing material (9) comprises the synthetic resin epoxy. [10] A vehicle comprising a battery according to any one of the preceding claims.

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