METHOD FOR OPERATING AN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM IN A BUILDING

Abstract

A procedure for operating an electrical energy system in a building includes a step for collecting a variety of consumption data on the electrical active energy drawn. This active energy is drawn from the public electricity grid and / or from existing energy generators within the building's energy system via a grid connection point. A load profile is determined based on the consumption data. This load profile describes the expected or historical trend of the active energy drawn over a given period. A backup generator for generating and / or supplying electrical energy is then selected based on the load profile. The backup generator is intended to operate instead of, or in addition to, existing energy generators within the building's energy system and / or to reduce the amount of active energy drawn from the public grid.

Description

Technical background

[0001] German patent application DE 10 2008 003 866 A1 discloses a system designed to monitor and promote the efficient and economical use of energy in buildings. This involves recording and evaluating energy flows, current climate data, physical and geometric building data, and user parameters. Specifically, this patent application relates to a real-time energy indicator for recording the energy content of at least one energy carrier and calculating data based on this recorded energy content. The data analysis is intended to optimize energy consumption.

[0002] Furthermore, DE 10 2023 118 046 describes a method for optimizing a heating system in which the heat demand of a building is determined in order to provide an alternative heat generator. For example, depending on usage patterns, an existing heating system in a building can be supplemented with an additional heat generator, or existing heat generators can be replaced. The primary goal is to achieve the most efficient operation of the heating system possible. Description of the invention

[0003] Based on the prior art, a method is to be developed for operating an electrical energy system in a building as efficiently as possible. In particular, by evaluating consumption data, it is to be determined whether the energy system can be usefully supplemented by further components, especially by one or more energy generators or by one or more energy storage devices, or whether existing components can be usefully replaced. To achieve the problem of the invention, a method according to claim 1 is provided. Further aspects of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims, the drawings, and the following description of exemplary embodiments.

[0004] Advantageously, one or more process steps, in particular all process steps, of the method according to the invention can be automated, for example by means of a computer, a cloud, a server, a logic circuit, a computer and / or server network, etc. For this purpose, the energy system can be connected to a network via a suitable interface. A large number of data can be transmitted and received via the network.

[0005] Another aspect relates to a computer program that includes commands which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause it to perform the steps of a method according to the invention.

[0006] Another aspect concerns an energy system for a building with one or more energy generators for generating and / or providing electrical energy and a control device that performs a method according to the invention.

[0007] This document describes a method for the simple and efficient identification of an electrical energy generator and / or an electrical energy storage system for use in a building. The identified energy generator and / or energy storage system can then replace or supplement one or more existing energy generators and / or energy storage systems in the building. Furthermore, the identified energy generator can reduce the amount of active energy drawn from the public electricity grid by the building.

[0008] In some configurations, the identified energy generator and / or energy storage system can be part of an initial or new installation of a building's energy system. Using the methods described herein, the energy generator and / or energy storage system can be determined with minimal effort. This should reduce planning effort and lower a building's energy consumption.

[0009] The method according to the invention comprises a step for recording a multitude of consumption data on active energy consumed, which is obtained via a grid connection point of the building from a public electricity grid and / or from existing energy generators in the building's energy system.

[0010] Instead of the term "active energy consumed" used in this description, the term "electricity consumption" is also commonly used. It refers to electrical energy, in particular utilized active energy, or electrical power or active power, that is used by consumers in the building. This "electricity consumption" is usually measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh). For the sake of simplicity, the term "electricity consumption" can be used instead of "active energy consumed" in this description. The phrases "provision of electrical energy" and "provision of electrical current" are intended to express the same thing.

[0011] An energy generator for providing electrical energy can be, for example, a photovoltaic system (PV system), a combined heat and power plant (CHP plant), or a cogeneration plant (CHP plant). An electrical energy storage device, such as a battery or battery system, can also provide electrical energy and thus be considered an energy generator.

[0012] The electricity supplied by the aforementioned local power producers can preferably be fed into the public grid via the grid connection point. The fed-in energy can then be recorded by an electricity meter or smart meter and taken into account for billing and in the electricity load profile.

[0013] The method according to the invention comprises a step for determining an electricity load profile based on consumption data. The electricity load profile describes an expected or historical time course of electricity consumption (or active energy consumed) over a given period. The electricity load profile can, for example, be recorded and evaluated over the course of a day, a week, a month, or a year, whereby a temporal resolution of seconds, minutes, hours, or days can be used, depending on the purpose of the evaluation.

[0014] The method according to the invention comprises a step for determining a backup generator for generating, providing, and / or storing electrical energy. In this application, the term "backup generator" also includes an energy storage device for storing energy, particularly electrical energy. The backup generator is determined based on the electricity load profile. The backup generator can be operated in place of or in addition to an existing energy generator in the building's energy system. In other words, the present method evaluates a building's electricity consumption to determine whether an additional energy generator (or energy storage device) is necessary or beneficial for optimized energy consumption, or whether an existing energy generator (or energy storage device) should be replaced by another energy generator (or energy storage device).This is intended to ensure that the energy system can operate efficiently under all expected requirements.

[0015] Furthermore, it is preferably desirable to reduce the amount of active electrical power drawn from the public grid. Particularly preferably, grid self-sufficiency should be achieved. In further preferred embodiments, the withdrawal of active electrical power from the public grid or its feed-in to the public grid can be dependent on favorable grid-supportive electricity tariffs.

[0016] Reducing the consumption of electrical power from the public grid, or prioritizing grid independence, can be achieved, for example, through a local photovoltaic (PV) system, which may include an electrical energy storage system such as a battery, or another local electrical power generator acting as a backup generator. The energy generated by the PV system (and potentially stored in the battery) can be used directly by local consumers. Furthermore, the locally generated energy can be fed into the public grid.

[0017] A preferred method may include a step to determine an inverter based on the current load profile and the availability of a backup generator. In particular, the inverter may be dimensioned based on a required maximum power output.

[0018] Preferably, the consumption data can be obtained from an electricity meter and / or a smart meter and / or a control device of a power generation plant. The electricity meter or smart meter can preferably record both the consumption and the feed-in of electrical energy at the grid connection point.

[0019] Preferably, the power load profile or the backup generator can be determined or specified depending on the following additional data: Geoinformation about the building; and / or Wind data for the building; and / or Data on solar radiation on or to the building; and / or the roof pitch of the building; and / or a roof orientation of the building; and / or a roof surface of the building; and / or a heat sink of the building.

[0020] Based on data about the roof and the building's geographical location, the expected electrical output of a photovoltaic system installed or to be installed on the roof can be calculated. Information about the building's heat sink can be taken into account, especially if, for example, a combined heat and power (CHP) plant is to be installed.

[0021] The backup generator can additionally include an electric vehicle. The electric vehicle, or its battery, can preferably be used as an energy storage device for the energy system. A charging station (e.g., a controllable wallbox) can be used to connect the electric vehicle to the energy system. The charging station can, in particular, include a smart meter. The controllable wallbox can preferably regulate the battery charging process so that locally generated energy is used, thus avoiding or reducing feed-in to the public grid.

[0022] A preferred method includes a step for transmitting information about the determined electricity load profile and / or information about the identified backup generator to a user's end device, e.g., via a cloud and / or the internet and / or a local network. The end device can be, for example, a smartphone, tablet, laptop, desktop computer, or the like. Preferably, an app or program with a graphical user interface can be run on the end device as a human-machine interface. The user can use the app or program to retrieve information and / or input data. For example, the user can be shown a recommendation for a backup generator to optimize the energy system. Furthermore, the electricity load profile can be displayed to the user.

[0023] Preferably, the method includes a step for displaying information about the power load profile and / or the backup generator in a graphical user interface of the terminal device. This can preferably be done via the app or program as described above.

[0024] Determining the electricity load profile and identifying the backup generator can, according to a preferred embodiment, involve interpolating and / or extrapolating the multitude of consumption data and / or the additional data listed above. This aspect of the procedure can include the following steps: 1) Measuring a load profile at the grid connection point (GSP) or net electricity consumption at the GSP. The load profile can be measured, for example, by an energy meter at the GSP. The energy meter could be, for instance, a smart meter with a smart meter gateway from the energy supplier or a separate energy meter downstream of the energy supplier's meter. Preferably, net measurement is used, meaning that energy generation and consumption are combined. If more energy is generated than consumed, energy can be fed into the grid. In this case, the smart meter displays a negative power reading. If more energy is consumed than generated, energy is drawn from the grid. In this case, the smart meter displays a positive power reading. 2a) Determining an electricity load profile using a generation meter (i.e., net electricity generation). The electricity load profile (net electricity generation) can be measured at the electricity generator (PV system or CHP plant). In this application example, the power and energy values ​​should be counted and displayed as positive values ​​during electricity generation. The self-consumption of the electricity generation plant during standby phases is therefore not considered in this meter definition. This means that this is a pure net generation meter, or net generator output meter. 2b) An embodiment of the invention taking into account the standby power consumption (without power generation) of the power generation plant is possible with the aid of a bidirectional meter for the generation plant. 2c) Determining an electricity load profile for the building and evaluating the electricity load profile (e.g., are there already electricity generators or electricity storage systems present? 3) If electricity storage and / or electricity generators are available, consumption and generation profiles can be analyzed separately. 4) Evaluating the profiles; see also the procedure steps described below. The consumption profile describes the pure electricity consumption. For example, with an electricity generation of 700 W and a measured power at the grid connection point of -200 W (fed into the grid), the resulting electricity consumption is 500 W.

[0025] Preferably, the method includes a step for validating the interpolation and / or extrapolation as a function of one or more operating interval times and / or pause interval times of an energy generator in the building's energy system. This aspect of the method may include the following steps: 1) Evaluating the consumption profile; 2) Comparing the consumption profile with the production profile 3) Creating a fictitious optimal generator / electricity storage profile using a fictitious electricity generation or storage plant; 4) Comparing the fictitious profile with the current production and consumption profile; 5) Identifying extreme power surges to draw attention to large consumers in the electricity load profile, which can alternatively be controlled by clever energy management (e.g. HEMS and storage charging of the heat pump). 6) Deriving measures (hardware and / or software)

[0026] Consumption profile (CP) - integral of individual electrical consumer powers (over time unit) - positive sign (pure "electricity consumption", measured with a consumption meter or calculated using an additional generation meter and a bidirectional meter at the grid connection point).

[0027] Generator profile (EP) - Integral of individual generator profiles (e.g., PV, CHP) (over time unit) - Measurement of the AC-side supplied electrical energy with a negative sign

[0028] Energy Storage Profile Charge (SPP-L) - Integral of energy storage charge (over time unit) - Measurement of the electrical energy absorbed on the AC side during energy storage charging with a positive sign. Energy Storage Profile Discharge (SPP-E) - Integral of energy storage discharge (over time unit) - Measurement of the electrical energy supplied on the AC side during energy storage discharge with a negative sign. Generator / Energy Storage Profile (ESPP) - Measurement of the electrical energy supplied on the AC side by a combined power generator and energy storage system with a negative sign.

[0029] Load profile (LP) - net sum of the electrical power fed in or received at the grid connection point {LP = VP + EP + SPP or LP = VP + ESPP}]

[0030] Preferably, the procedure includes a step to determine a building characteristic and / or a use characteristic of the building. This aspect of the procedure may include the following steps: 1) Modulating electricity generation options based on local conditions, e.g., PV system taking into account solar radiation, CHP plant based on the available heat sink, wind turbine, etc.; 2) Inclusion of possible energy storage systems, e.g. electric car and / or home battery system; 3) Output of various optimization measures, sorted by fictitious acquisition costs, operating costs and potential savings.

[0031] Accordingly, building characteristics and / or usage characteristics of other buildings can be determined. The data for these other buildings can be stored and retrieved, for example, in the cloud and / or from a server.

[0032] Preferably, the method includes a step to compare the determined building characteristics and / or usage characteristics of the given building with the determined building characteristics and / or usage characteristics of other buildings. By evaluating the data of several buildings, a statistical analysis can be performed. This allows for a particularly reliable determination of optimization potential. For example, similar energy systems can be compared.

[0033] For example, deviations between the building properties and / or the usage properties between the specified building and the other buildings can be determined, and one or more of the other buildings with the lowest deviation and / or a deviation lower than a specified limit value can be selected, especially taking into account one or more specified boundary conditions.

[0034] In some configurations, the reference building can be an existing building among the other buildings. In other configurations, the reference building can be defined as a fictitious (non-existent) building, dependent on one or more of the other buildings.

[0035] In some implementations, a correlation between one or more building characteristics and / or usage characteristics and an energy demand can be established using the building characteristics and / or usage characteristics of other buildings and their energy demands. Based on this correlation, a reference building with a corresponding heat demand can then be determined using the building characteristics and / or usage characteristics of the given building. This can be done, in particular, using artificial intelligence and / or algorithms, etc.

[0036] Preferably, the method comprises a step to determine a reference building depending on the comparison result and a step to determine the power load profile depending on the reference building. Brief description of the characters

[0037] They show schematically: Fig. Figure 1 illustrates a method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary energy system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 3 illustrates another exemplary energy system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. Figure 4 illustrates the arrangement of electricity meters in the energy system. Fig. 2; Fig. Figure 5 illustrates the arrangement of electricity meters in the energy system. Fig. 3; Fig. Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary electrical load profile in an energy system; Fig. Figure 7 illustrates another exemplary electrical load profile in an energy system; Fig. Figure 8 illustrates an optimized example electrical load profile in an energy system; Fig. Figure 9 illustrates another optimized example electrical load profile in an energy system; and Fig. Figure 10 illustrates a control device for an energy system. Detailed description of implementation examples

[0038] Fig. Figure 1 schematically illustrates a method for operating an electrical power system in a building according to one embodiment. The method comprises the following steps: S11 Recording a variety of consumption data about a consumed electrical active energy; S12 Transferring the large amount of consumption data to a cloud or server S13 Determining a power load profile based on consumption data; S14 Determine a backup generator for generating and / or providing electrical energy; S15 Determining an inverter depending on the current load profile and depending on the backup generator; S16 Transmission of information about the determined electricity load profile and / or information about the identified replacement generator to a user's terminal device; S17 Displaying information about the power load profile and / or the backup generator in a graphical user interface of the terminal device; and S18 Operating the energy system with the backup generator.

[0039] An exemplary energy system 100 is in Fig. Figure 2 shows that the energy system 100 has an internal power grid 10 with electrical lines, which is connected to a public power grid 1 of an electricity supplier via a grid connection point (GSP). At the GSP, the energy system can draw electrical energy from the power grid 1 or feed in locally generated electrical energy.

[0040] A large number of local electrical consumers 5 can be connected to the internal power grid 10. According to preferred embodiments, the consumers 5 can have their own electricity meters, or a common electricity meter can be provided for the internal electricity consumption in the building's power grid 10, so that a corresponding consumption profile for the building can be generated.

[0041] Energy system 100 comprises a local electrical energy generator 2, which may include, for example, a photovoltaic system, a combined heat and power plant (CHP plant), a wind turbine, a cogeneration plant, a fuel cell, or the like. A separate electricity meter (generation meter) 21 is located at the generator 2 and measures the locally generated energy, for example in kWh, and generates a corresponding generation profile EP.

[0042] The energy system 100 further comprises an electrical energy storage device or electricity storage unit 3, which can be designed, for example, as a battery storage unit or the like. A separate electricity meter (electricity storage meter) 31 is arranged at the electricity storage unit 3 and measures the stored energy or the energy drawn from the electricity storage unit 3, for example in kWh, and generates an electricity storage profile for a charging process SPP-L or for a discharging process SPP-E.

[0043] According to the preferred embodiment of the energy system 100 shown, an additional local electrical power generator with its own energy storage or power generator with power storage 4 can also be provided. The power generator with power storage 4 is connected to the internal power grid 10 via a generator / storage meter 41. A corresponding generator / storage profile ESPP can be generated at the generator / storage meter 41.

[0044] Fig. Figure 3 shows a modified design of the energy system 100 from Fig. 2 without power generator with power storage 4.

[0045] Fig. 4 and Fig. Figure 5 illustrates the arrangement of electricity meters in the energy system 100. Fig. 2 or Fig. 3. As in Fig. 4 and Fig. Figure 5 shows a load profile being generated at the grid connection point NAP (circle). Furthermore, a generation profile EP is generated at the generation meter 21 (square). At the electricity storage meter 31, an electricity storage profile is generated for the charging process SPP-L or for the discharging process SPP-E (triangle). Additionally, a consumption profile can be generated at the internal consumption electricity meter (rhombus).

[0046] Fig. Figure 6 illustrates, as a starting point, a consumption profile of a building with an energy system without energy storage or energy generation. The building's consumption profile corresponds to the load profile at the grid connection point (NAP).

[0047] Fig. Figure 7 illustrates a consumption profile, generation profile, load profile and electricity storage profile of an energy system 100 according to one of the embodiments from Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 to Fig. 5.

[0048] The generation and consumption profiles in the system change with the addition of energy storage 3 and energy generator 2. The load profile then also includes, for example, grid feed-in when storage 3 is fully charged but energy continues to be generated, which is then fed into the public grid 1 via the NAP (Network Access Point). This load profile at the NAP can be considered suboptimal and is to be optimized according to the invention. For this purpose, a fictitious profile is generated.

[0049] To optimize the aforementioned system, an optimal grid consumption profile (load profile at the grid connection point) is defined. This hypothetical grid consumption profile can either be derived from a georeferenced lookup table or from georeferenced cloud data. For example, a hypothetical grid consumption of 0 could be considered optimal. This means that no electricity is drawn from public grid 1, nor is any electricity fed into public grid 1.

[0050] This optimization is only possible with the right devices in the home network, namely those that either convert energy into heat and store it (e.g., an electric heating element in a hot water storage tank, which can absorb excess power from a local energy generator 2 by charging the tank to very high temperatures). Alternatively, the energy can be stored in a battery 3 or in other ways within the building, in particular by heating underfloor heating systems using a heat pump.

[0051] Achieving a fictitious optimal curve, see Fig. 8, can involve adjusting the existing system. For example, conditions can be specified regarding when the heat pump is allowed to produce hot water – especially when sufficient locally generated electricity is available – or by replacing (part of) the existing system, for example by exchanging an old device for a new one or adding additional equipment to system 100, such as an energy storage unit 3 or an energy generator 2.

[0052] To achieve the fictitious grid reference profile as a zero line, a PV system in combination with a battery can be used in particular, see Fig. 9. Furthermore, a large consumer can be shifted. The grid consumption profile then forms the balance of the other profiles. The steps of the procedure in energy system 100 of the Fig. 4 or Fig. The 5 steps can then proceed as follows: 1. Net electricity consumption at the NAP: Measuring a load profile, where the load profile can also be electricity-generating, using a smart meter -> filled circle in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. 2. Net electricity generation: only the net amount is visible in the square. 3. Net electricity consumption: Consumption profile, diamond, what consumers actually use, regardless of where the electricity comes from. 4. Comparing the consumption profile (diamond) with the production profile (square); the comparison addresses the question of whether the producers exactly cover the consumption, which is rather unlikely, since large consumers such as the heat pump can also appear in the consumption for short periods, which then do not necessarily coincide with the highest production. 5. Creating a hypothetical optimal generator / energy storage profile using a hypothetical power generation or energy storage system; based on site-specific data – optimal system: A) an additional device (e.g., battery storage, electric heater for PV surplus), B) replacing an existing device; Creation: overlay a known consumption profile with new generator profiles or additional consumers (consumption graph that drops when the battery kicks in and jumps up when the heating element activates); the hypothetical load profile is the balance of all profiles, i.e., the supposed PV yield and a possible battery capacity; the optimum is that the "self-generated / stored energy" covers the consumption; the PV yield, for example, depends on the location and can be hypothetically determined based on known solar irradiance data (or scaled if, for example, an expansion of the PV system is conceivable). 6. Comparison of the fictitious profile with the current production and consumption profile; the balance results in a line that lies partly above and partly below the zero line. 7. Identifying extreme power spikes to draw attention to large consumers in the electricity load profile, which could alternatively be controlled by a clever energy management system (e.g., HEMS and heat pump storage charging).

[0053] Advantageously, one or more steps (in particular all steps) of a previously described procedure can be automated, in particular by a computer, a server, a cloud, a logic circuit or a combination of the aforementioned.

[0054] In some configurations, the following can be incorporated: Fig. 1. The procedures shown may include adding, omitting, splitting, combining and / or changing their order without affecting the core of the teaching.

[0055] Fig. Figure 10 illustrates a control device for an energy system according to one embodiment. The control device comprises a data receiving unit, a data processing unit, and an output unit, the output unit being optional. The energy generators of the energy system and the building are not shown.

[0056] The data receiving unit can be used to record, query and / or read from a storage device, etc., consumption data, settings, key data, building characteristics, usage characteristics, temperatures, active energy consumed, active energy fed into the grid, power output of an energy generator, power output of a charging station (wallbox), charging states of electrical energy storage devices and the like.

[0057] The data processing unit can be used to perform tasks such as determining, identifying, comparing, and / or validating. The output unit can then output and / or display the corresponding results as needed.

[0058] In some configurations, the following can be used based on the Fig. The control device units shown in Figure 10 can be combined, split, omitted, or added without altering the core of the teaching. Advantageously, a device based on the Fig. The system shown in Figure 10 is set up to carry out a method according to the invention. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] DE 10 2008 003 866 A1

[0001] DE 10 2023 118 046

[0002]

Claims

A method for operating an electrical energy system in a building comprising the following steps: recording a variety of consumption data on the electrical active energy drawn, wherein the active energy is drawn from a public electricity grid and / or from existing energy generators in the building's energy system via a grid connection point of the building; and determining an electricity load profile based on the consumption data, wherein the electricity load profile describes an expected or historical temporal progression of the drawn active energy over a specified period; and determining a backup generator for generating and / or providing electrical energy, wherein the backup generator is determined based on the electricity load profile, and wherein the backup generator is to be operated instead of or in addition to existing energy generators in the building's energy system and / or reduce an amount of the active energy drawn from the public grid. Method according to claim 1, wherein the replacement generator comprises a photovoltaic system and / or a battery. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: operating the energy system with the replacement generator; and / or determining an inverter depending on the power load profile and depending on the replacement generator. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the consumption data are obtained from an electricity meter and / or a smart meter and / or a control device of an electrical power generation plant. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the power load profile and / or the backup generator is determined or specified depending on the following additional data: geoinformation about the building; and / or wind data of the building; and / or data about solar radiation on or at the building; and / or roof pitch of the building; and / or roof orientation of the building; and / or roof area of ​​the building; and / or heat sink of the building. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the replacement generator additionally comprises an electrically powered vehicle. Method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: transferring the plurality of consumption data and / or the additional data from claim 5 to a cloud or a server, wherein the determination of the electricity load profile and the determination of the substitute generator are performed in the cloud or by the server. The method according to claim 7, further comprising: transmitting information about the determined power load profile and / or information about the determined substitute generator to a user's terminal device; and displaying the information about the power load profile and / or the substitute generator in a graphical user interface of the terminal device. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein determining the power load profile and determining the replacement generator comprises interpolating and / or extrapolating the plurality of consumption data and / or the additional data from claim 5. Method according to claim 7, further comprising: validating the interpolation and / or extrapolation depending on one or more operating interval times and / or pause interval times of an energy generator in the energy system of the building. A method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising: determining a building characteristic and / or a usage characteristic of the building; determining a building characteristic and / or a usage characteristic of other buildings; comparing the determined building characteristic and / or the usage characteristic of the given building with the determined building characteristic and / or usage characteristic of the other buildings; determining a reference building depending on the comparison result; and determining the power load profile depending on the reference building. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the power load profile additionally includes data on the injection of electrical active energy from the building's energy system into the public power grid. Computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause it to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12. Energy system for a building comprising an energy generator for generating and / or providing electrical energy and a control device configured to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 12.

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