Protective coating and use of the protective coating and product

Abstract

A protective coating is proposed for application to a substrate and for protecting the substrate from environmental influences. It is made of or comprises rubber.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a protective coating for arrangement on a substrate to protect the substrate from environmental influences, as well as a product with such a protective coating and a use of this protective coating.

[0002] Protective coatings of this kind are well-known in practice and are typically applied as varnish or similar substances to protect the substrate from environmental influences, such as weathering and / or corrosion. However, practical experience has shown that conventional protective coatings, particularly those for wood, do not meet the long-term requirements of environments such as marine settings. For example, wood exposed to seawater is simultaneously exposed to organisms that can destroy wood and penetrate conventional protective coatings. The shipworm (Teredo navalis) is a prime example. Other crustaceans such as the woodlouse (Liminoria lignorum), the amphipod (Liminoria lignorum), and other crustaceans can also penetrate conventional protective coatings, attach themselves to the wood surface, and degrade the wood.This means that, for example, ships with wooden hulls, or wooden piles driven into the seabed and used, for example, in port facilities, are exposed to destruction by these organisms.

[0003] The invention is based on the objective of creating a protective coating of the type described in the introduction, which provides long-term protection for the substrate even under adverse environmental conditions and, in particular, when used in the marine sector. Furthermore, the invention aims to propose a product with such a protective coating and its use.

[0004] These problems are solved by the protective coating with the features of claim 1, the product with the features of claim 8 and the use with the features of claim 22.

[0005] According to the invention, a protective coating for placement on a substrate and for protecting the substrate from environmental influences is proposed, which is formed from or comprises rubber. The protective coating can therefore be formed purely from rubber or from a rubber-containing composition, or comprise such a composition.

[0006] It has been shown that rubber, or rubber-containing compositions, offer a high degree of barrier properties, particularly against the penetration of water-containing media and saline water. Furthermore, the protective coating formed from rubber or rubber-containing compositions acts as a barrier against organisms that could damage or even destroy the substrate. This protective coating is particularly suitable for coating wood used in damp environments, especially in marine environments. Thus, the protective coating according to the invention can prevent organisms such as the shipworm (Teredo navalis) from destroying wood that is, for example, part of a ship's hull or a hydraulic structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the protective coating according to the invention has no toxic properties, thus ensuring bioneutrality. In particular, when used in bodies of water, the protective coating does not adversely affect the surrounding flora and fauna.

[0008] Furthermore, the protective coating according to the invention exhibits good barrier properties against acids, bases and their salts, as well as against chemically aggressive additives. For example, the protective coating also has good barrier properties against liquid manure. In addition, it demonstrates high barrier properties against gases, water vapor, and liquids. Furthermore, it has been shown that the protective coating according to the invention also exhibits high stability with respect to ozone and UV radiation.

[0009] Furthermore, the protective coating according to the invention exhibits high resistance to crude oil, hydrogen sulfides, sulfides, and amines. Due to its high thermal stability, the protective coating according to the invention can be used particularly well at ambient temperatures ranging from -40°C to +140°C. The processing temperature, i.e., the temperature for applying the protective coating to a specific substrate, can range from -8°C to +40°C.

[0010] The rubber of the protective coating according to the invention can be a natural rubber or a synthetic rubber, in particular a thermoplastic synthetic rubber.

[0011] For example, the rubber includes butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluorocarbon rubber and / or epochlorohydrin rubber.

[0012] Furthermore, a thermoplastic synthetic rubber may be selected from the group consisting of chlorobutadiene rubber, isobutene isoprene rubber (butyl rubber), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM rubber) and mixtures of two or more of these synthetic rubbers, wherein the diene of the EPDM rubber is preferably selected from the group consisting of dicyclopentadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene and mixtures of at least two of these dienes.

[0013] Isobutene-isoprene rubber is understood to be a co- or block-co-polymer of isobutene with isoprene.

[0014] The rubber or rubber-containing composition, in particular the isobutene-isoprene rubber, can have an average molecular weight in the range of 150,000 to 2,000,000 g / mol, preferably in the range of 300,000 to 800,000 g / mol.

[0015] The rubber or rubber-containing composition, in particular the isobutene-isoprene rubber, can have a Mooney viscosity ML (1 + 8) at 125°C in the range of 20 to 65 Mooney units, preferably in the range of 25 to 65 Mooney units, more preferably in the range of 28 to 60 Mooney units, more preferably in the range of 30 to 55 Mooney units, each determined according to DIN 53523-1 (March 1992).

[0016] When selecting at least one isobutene-isoprene rubber for the rubber or rubber-containing composition, the at least one isobutene-isoprene rubber in a preferred embodiment of the protective coating according to the invention comprises 95 to 99 mol% isobutene and 1 to 5 mol% isoprene, each based on 100 mol% of isobutene-isoprene rubber.

[0017] If the rubber or rubber-containing composition comprises a first isobutene-isoprene rubber and a second isobutene-isoprene rubber, in a particular embodiment the weight ratio of first isobutene-isoprene rubber to second isobutene-isoprene rubber in the rubber or rubber-containing composition is in the range of 10:1 to 1:10, preferably in the range of 1:5 to 5:1, more preferably in the range of 1:1 to 1:2.

[0018] The first isobutene-isoprene rubber can contain 0.5 to 2.0 mol% isoprene and 98.0 to 99.5 mol% isobutene, each based on 100 mol% of the first isobutene-isoprene rubber.

[0019] The second isobutene-isoprene rubber can also comprise 0.5 to 2.0 mol% isoprene and 98.0 to 99.5 mol% isobutene, each based on 100 mol% of the first isobutene-isoprene rubber.

[0020] Furthermore, the rubber or rubber-containing composition can comprise chlorobutadiene rubber in addition to isobutene-isoprene rubber, wherein the weight ratio of isobutene-isoprene rubber to chlorobutadiene rubber in the rubber or rubber-containing composition is preferably in the range of 10:1 to 1:10, more preferably in the range of 20:1 to 1:1, and more preferably in the range of 10:1 to 5:1.

[0021] Furthermore, a special embodiment of the rubber or the rubber-containing composition of the protective coating according to the invention can comprise at least one further substance (additive) selected from the group consisting of filler, hardener and dye, and optionally at least one further substance selected from the group consisting of metal oxide and fatty acid.

[0022] In a further preferred embodiment of the protective coating according to the invention, the rubber or the rubber-containing composition comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of carbon black and / or stearic acid and / or zinc oxide and / or a phenolic resin.

[0023] To ensure that the protective coating has sufficient elasticity under normal environmental conditions, the rubber or the rubber-containing composition preferably has a glass transition temperature between -75°C and -65°C.

[0024] The mechanical elasticity is preferably in the range of 550% to 750%, and particularly around 700%.

[0025] Furthermore, the rubber or the rubber-containing composition preferably has a hardness between 40 Shore A and 85 Shore A.

[0026] The protective coating according to the invention has a high adhesive strength, for example an adhesive strength of about 4.4 N / mm² on concrete. 2 .

[0027] In addition, the rubber or the rubber-containing composition may be provided with a luminescent substance and / or with a dye.

[0028] The protective coating according to the invention can also be a rubber-containing solution. The solution preferably comprises (a) at least one rubber or a rubber-containing composition of the type described above; and (b) at least one organic solvent.

[0029] In a particular embodiment, the at least one organic solvent (b) is selected from the group of nonpolar organic solvents, more preferably from the group of aprotic nonpolar solvents, more preferably from the group of aprotic nonpolar solvents with a dipole moment in the range of 0 to 15 x 10 -30 Cm, further preferably from the group consisting of benzene (dipole moment 0 x 10 -30 Cm), toluene (dipole moment 5.84 x 10 -30 cm), xylene (0 to 0.37 x 10 -30 cm), Nitrobenzene (13.44 x 10 -30 Cm), cyclohexane (dipole moment 0 x 10 -30 Cm), diethyl ether (3.7 x 10 -30 Cm), methyl acetate, ethyl acetate (6.27 x 10 -30 Cm) and mixtures of at least two of these solvents, wherein the at least one organic solvent (b) preferably comprises at least xylene.

[0030] The term “xylene” is to be understood in its broad sense and includes ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene and mixtures of two or more of these xylenes, for example a mixture of all three isomers with the composition 60 wt% meta-xylene 10-25 wt% ortho-xylene and 10-25 wt% para-xylene.

[0031] The rubber-containing solution preferably comprises the rubber or the rubber-containing composition (a) and the organic solvent (b) in a weight ratio in the range of 10:1 to 1:10, preferably in the range of 1:8 to 1:1, more preferably in the range of 1:6 to 1:2, more preferably in the range of 1:5.5 to 1:3, more preferably in the range of 1:5 to 1:3.

[0032] Furthermore, the rubber-containing solution can comprise 1 to 50 wt% of rubber or rubber-containing composition (a) and 50 to 99 wt% of organic solvent (b), based on 100 wt% of the rubber-containing solution.

[0033] The invention also relates to a product comprising a substrate and a protective coating of the type described above, wherein the protective coating is arranged on the substrate and protects the substrate from environmental influences.

[0034] The protective coating preferably has a very low layer thickness, for example in the range between 50µm and 5 mm, in particular between 80 µm and 200 µm.

[0035] The substrate can be selected from a variety of materials or comprise a variety of materials. For example, the substrate may include wood and / or a stone-like material, in particular concrete, such as porous concrete sold under the trade name Ytong, and / or clinker and / or brick and / or cement and / or natural stone. Furthermore, the substrate may include natural fibers, a textile fabric (which may itself be made of natural fibers), a metallic material, in particular steel, and / or a non-metallic material and / or plastic.

[0036] Furthermore, the product according to the invention can have a variety of shapes. Since the shape of the product depends in particular on the shape of the substrate, the latter can be, for example, plate-like, tube-like, rod-like, or rope-like.

[0037] Regardless of the geometry of the substrate, it can be fully or partially covered with the protective coating according to the invention.

[0038] The invention also relates to a ship comprising a hull that includes a substrate made of wood, metal and / or plastic, which is provided on its outside with the protective coating according to the invention, thus comprising a product according to the invention, the substrate of which is made at least partially of wood and / or metal and / or plastic.

[0039] Furthermore, the invention relates to a structure comprising a product of the type described above with a protective coating according to the invention.

[0040] In one specific embodiment, the structure is a hydraulic engineering structure that has a substrate comprising wood.

[0041] Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the protective coating of the type described above for coating a substrate comprising wood and / or a stone-like material, in particular concrete, such as porous concrete, and / or clinker and / or brick and / or cement and / or natural stone, and / or natural fibers and / or a metallic material and / or a plastic. In particular, the invention also relates to the use of the protective coating when the substrate comprises wood and is part of a ship's hull or a structure, in particular a hydraulic structure, comprising wood.

[0042] In principle, the protective coating according to the invention can also have the following areas of application: 1. Coating of wood: wooden shingle roofs, wooden cladding on facades, coated posts of pasture fences, coating of wooden panels (e.g. OSB panels) for roof and house construction. 2. Coating of wood with various colors: from colorless to various colors according to customer specifications, coating with a luminescent paint. The protective coating can therefore be formulated with a dye and / or a luminescent substance. 3. Roof coating: Repair of roofing membranes, restoration of aged roofing membranes by coating with the protective coating. 4. Protection of concrete surfaces 5. Coating of sewage pipes or sewage systems: Due to the special barrier properties, sewage pipes or all components of a sewage system can be coated both on the inside and on the outside. a. Interior coating: Protection against leaks, prevention of wastewater seepage; diffusion of wastewater constituents through a concrete wall into the environment is prevented. b. External coating: Protection of the concrete pipe against the effects of chemical substances from the surrounding soil, e.g., the introduction of sulfates is one of the most common causes of chemical weathering of concrete. 6. Coating of wire ropes: Due to the excellent barrier properties and the high elongation of the rubber or the rubber-containing composition, it is possible to - Either to coat bridge wire ropes directly with rubber or to completely fill the protective tubes in which the bridge wire ropes are guided with rubber, thus ensuring sufficient protection against corrosion. - Coating prestressed concrete wire ropes. Corrosion of prestressed concrete cables due to the effects of chloride ions, particularly in bridges, can also be prevented if the wire ropes are guided through the structure in a sheathing tube, and this tube is also filled with the protective coating. The "rubber sheath" prevents the chloride ions from diffusing to the prestressed concrete cables. A coated wire rope could be bent any number of times without a crack appearing in the coating. 7. Coating of textiles: a. Coating of cotton fabric: The coated cotton fabric can be crumpled as often and as tightly as desired without the coating coming off the fabric. The coating also remains intact after repeated washing. b. Textiles can be thermally processed, for example to smooth them or to give them a specific shape / form. c. Coating of aramid fabric: As with coated cotton fabric, the deformability or elasticity is also retained in aramid fabric. d. Coating a textile (flag) with luminescent rubber: Such a flag - e.g. attached to the ship's mast - could allow the ship to be detected in the event of an emergency on the high seas and in the event of a power failure. Luminescent textiles can be used in many different applications, e.g., in safety technology, where afterglow, e.g., in the event of a power failure, provides additional safety. 8. Shipping: Ropes (natural fiber and / or plastic) can be coated to prevent the growth of marine pests, such as mussels. 9. Coating of various building materials with the protective coating, which includes luminescent rubber: Concrete blocks (e.g., interlocking paving stones) can be coated so that they are "charged" by daylight and glow throughout the night. Besides concrete, other building materials can also be coated with the luminescent rubber, e.g., clinker bricks and bricks. 10. Water absorption of building materials: Coating highly absorbent building materials, such as aerated concrete, which are essential for a specific application but must not absorb water or moisture. It has been demonstrated that aerated concrete blocks can be coated to be waterproof. Furthermore, this has shown that even highly absorbent building materials, or liquids in general, are suitable for specific applications. 11. Protection against corrosion: The coating of steel surfaces with the protective coating, e.g. at a lock, shows that the protective coating has a good protective effect on previously roughly cleaned metal surfaces. 12. Internal coating of pipelines (metal) for the transfer of gases: Initial tests on the leak tightness of H2 gas pipes were conducted under low pressure. The pressure gauge on the coated pipe was able to maintain its pressure significantly longer than in the case of an uncoated pipe. 13. Material protection against marine pests, such as the shipworm: Protecting objects, such as stationary or movable items and structures, against attack by animal and non-animal marine pests. These objects can be made of various materials, such as wood, metal, and / or stone (natural or artificial).

[0043] When these materials, such as those used on boats, ships, buoys, pilings, jetties, and much more, come into contact with marine pests like mussels (bivalvia), barnacles (balanidae), or marine worms (e.g., errantier) in harbors or on the open sea, massive damage can occur. One particularly harmful creature is Teredo navalis, commonly known as the shipworm. It infests all types of wood in seawater. Depending on temperature and other environmental factors, the shipworm aggressively attacks boats, ships, or other wooden structures at sea, and extensive damage can occur within a year if the wood has not been protected beforehand. The protective coating according to the invention effectively counteracts this. Tests conducted over a year have shown that the rubber, or the rubber-containing composition, can protect the wood from shipworm attacks.An uncoated piece of wood in the immediate vicinity was unrecognizable after this year.

[0044] The protective coating according to the invention is generally applied to the substrate, i.e., the material to be protected (wood), using a brush or roller. Wood can also be coated by dipping or by vacuum or pressure impregnation.

[0045] Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of the invention can be found in the description, the drawing and the patent claims.

[0046] An exemplary embodiment of a product with a protective coating according to the invention is shown schematically simplified in the drawing and is explained in more detail in the following description. It shows: Fig. 1. A perspective view of a ship's hull; and Fig. 2 a section through a wall of the ship's hull.

[0047] The drawing shows a ship's hull 10, made of wood, representing the hull of a sailboat. The ship's hull 10 has an outer wall comprising a substrate 12, which is composed of a multitude of wooden panels and / or planks and which is provided on its outer surface, i.e., its water-facing side, with a protective coating 14 having a layer thickness of approximately 0.1 mm.

[0048] The protective coating 14 is a rubber coating which has the following composition: - 57.229 wt% isobutene-isoprene copolymer - 3.012 wt% poly(2-chloro-1,3,butadiene) with mercatane modification - 30.120 wt.% carbon black N-330 - 0.602 wt% stearic acid - 3.012 wt.% zirconium oxide - 6.025 wt.% phenolic resin

[0049] For example, in the production of the protective coating, 104.602 kg of the aforementioned composition are dissolved in 418.408 kg of para-xylene at 23 °C. The resulting solution has a xylene content of 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution, and a density of 1.139 g / cm³. 3 . QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited non-patent literature

[0000] DIN 53523-1

[0015]

Claims

Protective coating for placement on a substrate and for protecting the substrate from environmental influences, characterized in that it is made of or comprises rubber. Protective coating according to claim 1, characterized in that the rubber comprises a butyl rubber, a nitrile rubber, a hydrogenated nitrile rubber, an ethylene propylene diene rubber, a fluorocarbon rubber and / or an epichlorohydrin rubber. Protective coating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rubber has a formulation comprising isobutene-isoprene copolymer and / or poly(2-chloro-1,3-butadiene), in particular with mercaptan modification. Protective coating according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rubber comprises at least one additive selected from the group comprising carbon black and / or stearic acid and / or zinc oxide and / or a phenolic resin. Protective coating according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the rubber has a glass transition temperature between -75°C and -65°C. Protective coating according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rubber has a hardness between 40 Shore A and 85 Shore A. Protective coating according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rubber has a mechanical elasticity of 550% to 750%, in particular of about 700%. Product comprising a substrate and a protective coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is arranged on the substrate and protects the substrate from environmental influences. Product according to claim 8, characterized in that the protective coating has a layer thickness between 0.08 mm and 5 mm. Product according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the substrate comprises wood. Product according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the substrate comprises a stone-like material, in particular a concrete, such as a porous concrete, clinker and / or brick and / or cement and / or a natural stone. Product according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the substrate comprises natural fibers. Product according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the substrate comprises a textile fabric. Product according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the substrate comprises at least one metallic material, in particular steel, and / or at least one non-metallic material. Product according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the substrate comprises a plastic. Product according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the substrate is plate-like. Product according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the substrate is tubular in form. Product according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the substrate is rod-like or rope-like. Ship comprising a hull with a product according to claim 10, 14 or 15. Structure comprising a product according to any one of claims 8 to 18. Structure according to claim 20, characterized in that it is a hydraulic structure and the substrate comprises wood. Use of the coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for coating a substrate comprising wood and / or a stone-like material, in particular a concrete, such as a porous concrete, and / or clinker and / or brick and / or cement and / or a natural stone, and / or natural fibers and / or a metallic material and / or a plastic. Use according to claim 22, characterized in that the substrate comprises wood and is part of a ship's hull or a structure, in particular a hydraulic engineering structure.

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