Pneumatic fertilizer spreader and methods for converting a pneumatic fertilizer spreader

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) for spreading granular material onto an agricultural area (AL), wherein the pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) comprises at least: - a storage container (3) for carrying and / or providing the distribution material; - a dosing device (4) by means of which distribution material can be dosed into distribution lines (6); - a distribution rod (5), wherein the distribution rod (5) has several distribution lines (6) having at least one outlet opening (7), which can be supplied with an air volume flow generated by means of a flow generation device (9) for conveying the distributed material. The invention is characterized in that the pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) is arranged to be operable in a first configuration (K1) and a second configuration (K2), wherein in the first configuration (K1) the respective distribution element (8), which can be connected to a distribution line (6), is arranged at a first vertical distance (23) to the distribution boom (5) and in the second configuration (K2) the respective distribution element (8), which can be connected to a distribution line (6), is arranged at a second vertical distance (24) to the distribution boom (5), which differs from the first distance (23).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a pneumatic fertilizer spreader according to the features of the preamble of independent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for converting a pneumatic fertilizer spreader.

[0002] Pneumatic fertilizer spreaders are known from the prior art, which can apply fertilizer to agricultural land via a distribution boom. The distribution boom is always located above the crop, so that fertilizer dispensed by the distribution units falls downwards onto the agricultural land. A disadvantage of this is that fertilizer can remain in the leaf area and thereby damage the plants.

[0003] The object of the invention is therefore to eliminate the described disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a pneumatic fertilizer spreader is to be provided which enables the efficient and plant-friendly application of fertilizer.

[0004] These problems are solved by a pneumatic fertilizer spreader with the features of independent claim 1 and by a method for converting a pneumatic fertilizer spreader with the features of method claim 20. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are disclosed in the claims and the following description with partial reference to the figures.

[0005] The pneumatic fertilizer spreader is designed for distributing granular material onto agricultural land. This granular material can be granular fertilizer, additives, and / or similar substances.

[0006] The pneumatic fertilizer spreader comprises a hopper for carrying and / or supplying the material to be spread. The hopper may have one or more compartments. A metering device is also provided, by means of which the material can be metered into distribution lines of a spreading boom. The spreading boom extends transversely to a direction of travel and has several distribution lines, preferably with at least one outlet opening, containing distribution elements. These distribution lines can be supplied with an airflow generated by a flow generator to convey the material, with each distribution line having at least one distribution element for creating a spreading pattern.

[0007] The fertilizer spreader includes a metering device designed to dispense a defined quantity of fertilizer from the hopper into the distribution lines. This quantity can be determined manually by a person. Alternatively or additionally, it can be determined using sensors, preferably mounted on the fertilizer spreader. Preferably, these sensors are configured to detect the vegetation cover of the agricultural area. Alternatively or additionally, the quantity of fertilizer can be predetermined by an application map.

[0008] The distribution element can be, for example, a deflector plate against which the material to be distributed can be conveyed by the airflow and then distributed, for example in a fan-like pattern. The distribution depends on the design of the deflector plate.

[0009] Preferably, an airflow divider device can be provided, which is coupled to the flow generation device and the distribution lines. Preferably, the airflow divider device is configured to divide the air volume flow generated by the flow generation device among the distribution lines. In particular, the flow generation device can be coupled to the airflow divider device, preferably exclusively to the airflow divider device, in order to provide at least a substantially uniform pressure level in all distribution lines.

[0010] The flow generation device and / or the airflow divider device is / are preferably associated with the distribution linkage, in particular with a central section of the distribution linkage, and especially spatially associated. Spatial association can be achieved, for example, by a single structural unit.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of connecting lines with identical and / or different cross-sections are arranged for the respective connection between the airflow divider device and the distribution lines. The connecting lines can, for example, be formed by connecting nozzles. Alternatively or cumulatively, the connecting lines can be formed by pipe sections. The velocity of the supply airflow can also be varied by means of the connecting lines with identical and / or different cross-sections, as well as the connecting connections with identical and / or different cross-sections.

[0012] The present invention is characterized in that the pneumatic fertilizer spreader is designed to be operable in a first configuration and a second configuration. The configurations can, for example, relate to different embodiments of the pneumatic fertilizer spreader, particularly with regard to the distribution elements and their arrangement on the distribution linkage.

[0013] According to the invention, it is further provided that in the first configuration the respective distribution element, which can be connected to a distribution line, is arranged at a first perpendicular distance to the distribution rod, and in the second configuration the respective distribution element, which can be connected to a distribution line, is arranged at a second perpendicular distance to the distribution rod, which differs from the first distance.

[0014] The respective vertical distance refers to the distance measured along a vertical direction. Preferably, the respective vertical distance is directed downwards, that is, towards a reference surface, preferably the agricultural area.

[0015] Because the respective distribution elements of the configurations can be connected to the distribution rod at different intervals in the first and second configurations, the distance of the respective distribution element of the respective configuration to the reference area, preferably the agricultural area, also changes accordingly.

[0016] Particularly preferably, it may be provided that a selection to operate the pneumatic fertilizer spreader in the first configuration or the second configuration can be made based on a crop stand, preferably the height of the crop stand.

[0017] It is preferable that the pneumatic fertilizer spreader is in the second configuration or can be operated if at least one distribution element of the second configuration is provided, that is, arranged at the second distance to the distribution boom.

[0018] Preferably, some of the respective distribution elements are arranged at the first distance and others at the second distance from the distribution rod. This configuration can also be understood as the second configuration.

[0019] Preferably, the pneumatic fertilizer spreader is configured to be convertible between the first and second configurations, allowing it to be operated in either configuration. Preferably, the pneumatic fertilizer spreader is also configured to be manually convertible.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, it can be provided that in the first configuration the respective distribution element is connected directly or by means of at least one first elongated connecting line.

[0021] The term "direct" here means that, from an operational perspective, no further element is arranged between the distribution element and the distribution line. However, a connecting element may be provided, which is designed to connect the respective distribution element to the respective distribution line. This connecting element, however, has no or only a minor influence on the operational connection between the distribution line and the distribution element.

[0022] Alternatively, the respective distribution element of the first configuration can be connected to the distribution line by means of at least one first connecting line. This at least one first connecting line influences the functional connection between the distribution line and the distribution element, for example by increasing the length to the distribution element (which is formed by the length of the distribution line and the length of the connecting line), changing the air volume flow rate, and / or the like.

[0023] According to a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided that in the second configuration the respective distribution element is connected to the respective distribution line by means of at least a second elongated connecting line.

[0024] By providing the respective connecting lines for each configuration, different distances between the distribution elements and the distribution rod can be achieved. The same applies analogously to directly connecting the distribution element to the distribution line in the first configuration and to the second connecting line in the second configuration.

[0025] It is particularly preferred that the length of the first connecting line differs from the length of the second connecting line. This allows for different distances to the distribution rod.

[0026] According to a further preferred embodiment, the respective distribution element of one of the configurations can be connected to the respective distribution element of the other configuration. Preferably, the respective connecting line of the other configuration can be configured to be connected to the respective distribution element of one configuration.

[0027] According to a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the respective elongated connecting lines are at least partially flexible and / or rigid.

[0028] By incorporating at least partial flexibility, the connecting lines can adapt to minor deviations, such as movements of the distribution boom, changes in the plant's position within a row, and / or similar factors, thus preventing or minimizing damage to the plants. For example, this flexibility can be achieved through the use of flexible hoses or hose sections.

[0029] By making at least some sections of the connecting pipe rigid, the influence of curved sections on the airflow can be reduced. The rigid sections can also reduce wear, as they can be made of hard or resistant materials. Furthermore, the positioning of the distribution pipes relative to the distribution boom, crops, and / or agricultural land can be improved by making at least some sections of the pipe rigid.

[0030] According to a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided that one end of the respective connecting line is connected to the distribution line in such a way that another end of the connecting line is movable at least transversely to the direction of travel, preferably is substantially freely movable.

[0031] For example, this can be achieved by making the end connected to the distribution line flexible, thus allowing movement of the connecting line at least perpendicular to the direction of travel. Alternatively or additionally, the end of the connecting line can be articulated to the distribution line.

[0032] This has the advantage that the connecting cable is given at least some room to maneuver if it encounters a plant and thereby experiences a force that allows the other end to deflect.

[0033] According to a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided that a number of elongated connecting lines, which are connected to a distribution line, are defined by: a distance between the outlet openings of the distribution lines, a plant row spacing, and / or a width of a spreading fan generated by the respective distribution element.

[0034] The spacing of the outlet openings refers in particular to the spacing of the outlet openings from which material actually exits during operation.

[0035] Due to the spacing of the outlet openings, a single distribution element that can be connected to the distribution line may not be sufficient to apply the required material to the nearest distribution element with the required area. Therefore, it may be necessary to provide multiple distribution elements connected to the distribution line to apply the required material to the area.

[0036] The same applies to the plant row spacing, which is the distance perpendicular to the direction of travel between two adjacent plant rows.

[0037] The same applies to the spreading pattern created by the respective distribution element. If the spread pattern created is too small in its extent perpendicular to the direction of travel, i.e., if it has too little width, the required area cannot be covered with spreading material.

[0038] According to a further preferred embodiment, the respective distribution elements of the first configuration and the second configuration can be detachably connected to the distribution line. In particular, the respective connecting lines of each configuration can be detachably connected to the distribution line.

[0039] Because the respective distribution elements and / or connecting lines of the first configuration and the second configuration can be detachably connected to the distribution line, non-destructive assembly and disassembly of the respective distribution elements, for example by means of the connecting lines, can be achieved.

[0040] It is particularly desirable that the respective distribution elements and / or connecting lines of the first and second configurations can be connected to the respective connecting line without tools. A tool-free connection reduces the time and effort required for assembly and disassembly.

[0041] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one connection device may be provided with a first connection unit and a second connection unit, wherein the first connection unit is assigned to the distribution line and the second connection unit is assigned to the respective distribution element and / or the respective connection line. Preferably, the second connection unit is assigned to the respective distribution element or the first connection line of the first configuration. Preferably, the second connection unit is assigned to the second connection line of the second configuration. By providing identical connection devices for connecting the distribution line to the respective distribution element of the configurations, a reduction in time expenditure and susceptibility to errors can also be achieved.

[0042] Preferably, the connection units are configured to establish a connection between the distribution element and / or the distribution lines.

[0043] Preferably, the connecting units may be configured to form at least a positive-locking connection with each other. Alternatively or cumulatively, the connecting units may be configured to form a friction-locking connection.

[0044] It is particularly desirable for the connecting device to be a quick-release fastener. For example, the quick-release fastener could be a bayonet fitting, a magnetic fitting, an eccentric fitting, a twist lock, a clip fastener, and / or the like. Other configurations are also conceivable that are designed to provide a quick-release fastener.

[0045] According to another preferred embodiment, it may be provided that the respective distribution element and / or the respective connecting line of the configurations can be manually connected to the distribution line.

[0046] This means that a person establishes the connection between the respective distribution element and / or the respective connecting line of the configurations with the distribution line by means of an interaction.

[0047] According to another preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the distribution line - has exactly one outlet opening which can be connected to the respective distribution elements of the first and second configurations; or - has two or more outlet openings, wherein at least one outlet opening can be connected to the respective distribution element in the first configuration and at least one further outlet opening can be connected to the respective distribution element in the second configuration.

[0048] It is particularly preferred that, if the distribution line has two or more outlet openings, the outlet opening through which the distribution element of the first configuration does not discharge any material in the second configuration, and the outlet opening through which the distribution element of the second configuration does not discharge any material in the first configuration, may be closed. It is preferred that the outlet openings be closable, based on the respective configuration. It is conceivable that appropriate control mechanisms are provided, for example, by a diverter valve to influence the air volume flow, a shut-off unit, a blanking cap, and / or the like. Preferably, these control mechanisms can be operated manually and / or automatically, for example, by a control device.

[0049] According to another preferred embodiment, it may be provided that - in the first configuration, a spreading fan formed by the material impacting the respective spreading element is oriented downwards from the spreading element; and / or - in the second configuration, a spreading fan is formed by the material being distributed onto the respective distribution element, oriented upwards from the distribution element.

[0050] Such a design is particularly advantageous if the distance between the respective distribution element of the first configuration and the distribution linkage is smaller than the distance between the respective distribution element of the second configuration and the distribution linkage. This means that the respective distribution element of the first configuration is located further away from the reference area, preferably the agricultural area, than the respective distribution element of the second configuration.

[0051] Because the spread width of the distribution fan produced by the respective distribution element depends on the height of the respective distribution element to the reference surface, it is advantageous to change the orientation of the distribution fan by appropriately arranging the respective distribution element, thereby making it possible to apply the required area with the distributed material.

[0052] Alternatively or cumulatively, it may be conceivable that - in the first configuration, a scattering fan formed by the material impacting the respective distribution element is oriented upwards from the distribution element; and / or - in the second configuration, a spreading fan is formed by the material being distributed onto the respective distribution element, oriented upwards from the distribution element.

[0053] In particular, the orientation of the respective distribution element of the first configuration can depend on a geometry of the fertilizer spreader, for example the distance between the distribution elements, a required spreading width of each distribution element, manufacturer specifications, and / or the like, preferably be changeable, thereby changing the orientation of the spreading fan formed by the respective distribution element.

[0054] According to a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided that in the first configuration at least one respective distribution element follows the respective distribution line directly or indirectly in terms of flow technology, and in the second configuration at least one respective distribution element follows the respective distribution line indirectly in terms of flow technology, preferably by means of the connecting line.

[0055] In terms of fluid dynamics, "direct" here means that no components are provided between the respective distribution line and the respective distribution element that could influence the air volume flow. Preferably, the transition from the respective distribution line to the respective distribution element is free of any components.

[0056] In terms of fluid dynamics, "indirect" here means that at least one connecting line is arranged between the respective distribution line and the respective distribution element.

[0057] According to a further preferred embodiment, it may be provided that the respective distribution element of the first configuration and the respective distribution element of the second configuration are essentially the same or different from each other.

[0058] Preferably, the distribution elements of each configuration can be designed identically. This avoids the need for different distribution elements for each configuration, thus enabling easy handling and storage of the fertilizer spreader.

[0059] It may be preferable to provide that the respective distribution elements of each configuration have different designs. Due to the different distances to the distribution rod and the correspondingly different distances to the reference surface, it may be advantageous to provide distribution elements adapted to these conditions.

[0060] According to another preferred embodiment, it may be provided that the respective setting of the respective distribution element of the respective configuration is essentially the same or different.

[0061] Preferably, it may be provided that the setting of the respective distribution element is changeable.

[0062] The setting of each distribution element determines the scattering pattern it produces. Changing the setting of each distribution element alters the scattering pattern covering the spread width.

[0063] The setting of each distribution element can be done manually and / or automatically, preferably using a change unit. The change unit is configured to modify the setting of the respective distribution element.

[0064] According to a preferred embodiment, a changing unit may be provided and set up to change the setting of the respective distribution element based on specifications regarding a plant population of the agricultural area and / or a geometry of the pneumatic fertilizer spreader.

[0065] Specifications regarding the plant stock and / or the pneumatic fertilizer spreader may include, for example: - a stand of plants, preferably positions of rows of plants and / or areas without plants; - a condition of the plant population, for example, height, health of the plant population, and / or the like; - a field boundary of the agricultural area; - Headland of agricultural land; - Positions of driving lanes; - Track width and / or tire width; - Distances between the distribution elements; - Amount of material distributed in kg / ha; - areas already treated and / or areas not to be treated.

[0066] The settings can be stored and / or saved in a storage unit. For example, user input can be used to define the settings for agricultural land and / or pneumatic fertilizer spreaders. Some settings for agricultural land and / or pneumatic fertilizer spreaders may already be stored.

[0067] Preferably, it may be provided that the specifications of the agricultural area and / or the pneumatic fertilizer spreader are at least partially entered and / or enterable in an application map, preferably manually and / or by means of the modification unit.

[0068] Alternatively or cumulatively, the changing unit may be configured to modify the metering device based on a setting of the flow generation device. According to a preferred embodiment, the changing unit may be configured to modify, preferably automatically, a drive that drives the flow generation device in order to change its setting, preferably its rotational speed. The drive is preferably an electric, hydraulic, and / or pneumatic drive. Preferably, the drive may be formed by at least one motor. The motor may, for example, be a hydraulic motor and / or an electric motor.By changing the rotational speed of the flow generation device, the flow velocity of the generated air volume flow can be changed, which also allows the air pressure in the distribution lines and / or the airflow divider device to be changed automatically.

[0069] According to a further preferred embodiment, the changing unit may be configured to change the setting of the respective distribution element by changing the position of an impact area of ​​the distributed material on the distribution element.

[0070] The impact area on the distribution element is preferably that area of ​​the distribution element where the material exiting the at least one outlet opening impacts the respective distribution element. The impact area can be an area where, with a certain probability or based on a statistical distribution, a large proportion of the material impacts.

[0071] Preferably, the position of the impact area can be changed by a rotational movement of the respective distribution element. Preferably, the position of the impact area can be changed by changing the position of the distribution element, preferably relative to the distribution linkage. Preferably, at least one actuator is assigned to each distribution element, which is configured to change the position of the distribution element when actuated. Preferably, the changing unit is configured to change the position of the distribution element by changing the at least one actuator.

[0072] According to a further preferred embodiment, the air volume flow in the distribution line can be adjusted depending on the first and second configurations. This is particularly the case if a connecting line is provided in each configuration. The respective connecting line influences the functional connection between the distribution line and the distribution element by extending the length to the distribution element (which is formed by the length of the distribution line and the length of the connecting line), changing the air volume flow, and / or the like.

[0073] In particular, the conveying time of the distributed material also changes due to the provision of the respective connecting lines.

[0074] Preferably, the changing unit can be designed to change the operation of the pneumatic fertilizer spreader based on the respective configuration.

[0075] Preferably, the user should be able to specify the desired configuration of the change unit via input. That is, in which configuration the fertilizer spreader should be operated.

[0076] Preferably, it is possible to specify, by means of a user input to the modification unit, whether a respective connecting line is provided, and preferably the length of the respective connecting line can be specified.

[0077] Preferably, the air volume flow in the respective distribution line can be influenced by changing a cross-sectional area of ​​the distribution line by means of cross-sectional elements, and / or by applying different air volume flows to the distribution line by means of the flow generation device.

[0078] Preferably, the changing unit is configured to change the setting of the cross-sectional elements, preferably their position relative to or within the respective distribution line.

[0079] According to a preferred embodiment, at least some, preferably all, distribution lines may be assigned elements that influence the cross-section and / or flow velocity, and which are configured to change the cross-section of the distribution lines. By changing the cross-section of the distribution lines, the air volume flow generated by the flow-generating device can be varied.

[0080] Preferably, the changing unit is configured to change the settings of the elements influencing the cross-section and / or flow velocities, preferably based on the respective configuration.

[0081] For example, the elements influencing the cross-section and / or flow velocity can be designed as flaps, slides, switching elements, and / or the like. Preferably, each element influencing the cross-section and / or flow velocity is assigned at least one actuator, wherein the setting of the element influencing the cross-section and / or flow velocity can be changed by changing the actuators.

[0082] Preferably, the changing unit is configured to automatically change the actuators of the elements influencing the cross-section and / or flow velocities, preferably based on the respective configuration.

[0083] According to a further preferred embodiment, a positioning system may be provided which is configured, at least in one of the configurations, to position the respective distribution elements between adjacent rows of plants and / or along rows of plants, preferably based on the spacing of the rows of plants and / or the position of the rows of plants. Such positioning is particularly advantageous in the configuration with a greater distance to the distribution rod.

[0084] This allows for an optimal or adapted distribution of the material being distributed.

[0085] According to another preferred embodiment, the positioning system may include at least one: - a steering system designed to steer the pneumatic fertilizer spreader relative to a row of plants and / or a tramline, preferably based on row detection, tramline detection, and / or a field map; - at least one displacement unit which is set up to displace the respective distribution elements relative to the distribution rod, preferably depending on the position of the plant rows, a position of the distribution elements relative to the plant rows, and / or a field map.

[0086] Preferably, the steering system is connected, at least via signal transmission, to at least one sensor configured to detect a row of plants and / or a tramline. Regarding the field map, the steering system may include a position detection unit configured to record the actual position of the fertilizer spreader. Preferably, the position detection unit can determine the actual position of the fertilizer spreader using GNSS data, such as GPS, DGPS, GLONASS, and / or the like. Alternatively or cumulatively, the position detection unit can determine the actual position of the fertilizer spreader based on RTK data.

[0087] Preferably, each or a group of distribution elements can be assigned a displacement unit. Preferably, a displacement unit can be assigned to the distribution linkage, which is configured to move the distribution linkage transversely to the direction of travel. Preferably, the displacement unit can be configured, based on at least one sensor, to change the position of at least one displacement unit, preferably its position relative to the distribution linkage.

[0088] According to a preferred embodiment, the distribution linkage may include a support structure. Preferably, the support structure may be coupled to a frame of the distribution machine and be configured to be height-adjustable relative to the frame by means of a height adjustment unit.

[0089] Height adjustment can be implemented using a height adjustment unit, for example, a parallelogram arranged between the chassis and a support structure and / or a linear unit. The parallelogram and / or the linear unit can be equipped with at least one actuator (e.g., one or more hydraulically and / or pneumatically operated linear drives such as cylinders or the like) to change the distance to the reference surface, i.e., to pivot the parallelogram or to adjust the linear unit.

[0090] Preferably, the height of the distribution linkage can be changed by means of the height adjustment unit.

[0091] Preferably, the adjustment unit is configured to change the height of the distribution boom relative to the reference surface, preferably the agricultural area, by changing at least one actuator of the height adjustment unit.

[0092] The height adjustment unit, preferably the parallelogram and / or the linear unit, can expediently be part of the distribution linkage, or in particular can be connected to the support device of the distribution linkage with the parallelogram and / or the linear unit.

[0093] According to a further preferred embodiment, the distribution linkage may include a linkage center section. Preferably, the linkage center section is rotatably coupled to the support device about an axis of rotation oriented in the direction of travel. This allows the distribution linkage to follow the direction of travel in response to forces acting upon it.

[0094] Preferably, the changing unit is configured to change the rotational position of the distribution rod by means of its rotatable coupling to the support structure. Preferably, the change in the rotational position of the distribution rod includes control and / or regulation of this position. Preferably, a sensor device is provided and configured to detect the rotational position of the distribution rod. Preferably, the changing unit is configured to execute the change in rotational position based on the detected rotational position.

[0095] Preferably, at least one actuator is provided which is coupled to the carrier device and the distribution linkage, and wherein the changing unit is configured to influence the actuator, preferably on the basis of the detected rotational position of the distribution linkage.

[0096] According to a further preferred embodiment, the metering device can be spatially assigned to the distribution rod. This spatial assignment can be achieved, for example, by a structural unit. Preferably, the metering device can be coupled to the support structure and / or the rod's central section.

[0097] According to a preferred embodiment, one of the distances between the configurations of the respective distribution elements and the distribution rod can be selected and / or chosen such that the respective distribution elements are arranged above a stand of plants. This means that the distributed material falls onto the plants from above.

[0098] According to a preferred embodiment, one of the distances between the respective distribution elements of the configurations and the distribution rod can be selected and / or chosen such that the respective distribution elements are arranged within a stand of plants and / or below a leaf area of ​​the stand of plants. This means that the distributed material does not fall onto the stand of plants from above.

[0099] The underlying problem is also solved according to the invention by a method for converting a pneumatic fertilizer spreader, preferably a fertilizer spreader according to a described embodiment.

[0100] The procedure for converting the pneumatic fertilizer spreader includes the following steps: - Providing a pneumatic fertilizer spreader with a distribution boom comprising several distribution lines; - Check whether the pneumatic fertilizer spreader is operating in a first or second configuration; - Disassembly of each distribution element and / or connecting line in the present configuration and assembly of the respective distribution element and / or connecting line of the other configuration.

[0101] The respective connecting line of the respective configuration is preferably set up to connect the respective distribution element with the respective distribution line.

[0102] In the context of the invention, the individual steps of the process can be carried out in a defined sequence; however, it is also conceivable that the steps of the process can be carried out in any sequence. An arbitrary change between the process steps is also conceivable. Furthermore, the process can be extended by adding further process steps.

[0103] Preferably, the steps of the procedure are carried out continuously and / or at intervals.

[0104] The conversion unit comprises, for example, at least one computer unit, an on-board computer, and / or the like, and preferably includes a control and / or regulation circuit, in particular a hydraulic and / or pneumatic and / or electrical control and / or regulation circuit, wherein the control and / or regulation circuit is expediently designed for hydraulic and / or pneumatic and / or electrical signal and / or command transmission. This signal and / or command transmission can also be wireless (e.g., via WLAN).

[0105] In the context of the invention, the term "transforming unit" encompasses, in particular, the entirety of components for signal and / or command transmission. Accordingly, this also includes computer units, CPUs, and / or the like. Likewise, it also includes control devices integrated into the respective sensors, sensor units, or sensor arrangements. It should also be noted that the signals and / or data from the sensors, measuring devices, detection devices, and / or the like can each be used as feedback for a control variable.

[0106] It should be noted that the terms "change," "control," "regulate," and "change unit" can refer to electronic and / or pneumatic and / or hydraulic controls or regulators, which, depending on their design, can perform control and / or regulation tasks. Even though the term "change" is used here, it can also appropriately encompass "control" and / or "regulate."

[0107] Regarding the advantages and embodiments of the method according to the invention, reference is made to the advantages and embodiments of the pneumatic fertilizer spreader according to the invention.

[0108] All features disclosed for the pneumatic fertilizer spreader and the method can each be used in a corresponding manner with each other.

[0109] For the purposes of the application, features disclosed in conjunction with other features may also be considered disclosed on their own. Features linked by "and / or" are to be understood as disclosed both on their own and in combination with the other features.

[0110] To avoid repetition, it should be noted that the embodiments and features according to the invention can be combined in any way and freely with the pneumatic fertilizer spreader and / or the method(s). Accordingly, all embodiments and features according to the invention are disclosed and claimable for both the pneumatic fertilizer spreader and the method.

[0111] Further details and advantages of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The relative sizes of the individual elements in the figures do not always correspond to the actual relative sizes, as some shapes are simplified and others are enlarged for better illustration in relation to other elements. The figures show: Fig. 1. A pneumatic fertilizer spreader in a perspective view; Fig. 2 the fertilizer spreader according to Fig. 1 in a side view; Fig. 3 a rear view of the fertilizer spreader in a first configuration; Fig. 4 A rear view of the fertilizer spreader in a second configuration. Fig. 5 a side view of the fertilizer spreader according to Fig. 4.

[0112] The in the Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 to Fig. The five embodiments shown are at least partially identical, so that similar or identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals and, to avoid repetition, reference is also made to the description of the other embodiments or figures for their explanation.

[0113] One embodiment of a pneumatic fertilizer spreader 1 is shown in the figures. The pneumatic fertilizer spreader 1 can be used to efficiently apply, or distribute, granular agricultural materials in desired quantities on agricultural land (LF). Examples of such materials include agricultural fertilizers, microgranules, seeds, and the like.

[0114] The fertilizer spreader 1 is designed as a fertilizer spreader 1 pulled by a towing vehicle (e.g., a tractor, not shown here), but the fertilizer spreader 1 can also be self-propelled or mounted on a towing vehicle. The fertilizer spreader 1 could also be an autonomous vehicle (e.g., fully autonomous or semi-autonomous) or mounted on an autonomous carrier vehicle.

[0115] The fertilizer spreader 1 comprises a frame R supporting the components of the fertilizer spreader 1, as well as at least one storage container 3 for carrying and / or providing the spreading material. Two or more storage containers 3 for two or more, in particular different, spreading materials may also be provided, i.e., in particular, mounted on the frame R of the fertilizer spreader 1.

[0116] To achieve maximum efficiency, i.e., a large working width, the fertilizer spreader 1 has a spreading boom 5 extending transversely to the direction of travel FR with a large working width (e.g., 24 meters, 30 meters, 36 meters or more). The spreading boom 5 comprises a support structure 10 connected to the frame R, a boom center section 11, and outriggers 13 pivotably mounted on the boom center section 10 relative to the boom center section 11. Preferably, each outrigger has at least one boom section 12, which can be rotatably assembled about vertically oriented axes. The boom center section 1 can also be referred to as a boom section 12.

[0117] To comply with a permissible transport width (e.g. 3 meters in Germany), the booms 13 are pivotably mounted on the central section of the linkage 10 about upright oriented axes 14.

[0118] The distribution linkage 5, in particular its central linkage section 11, is supported by a bearing 15, which according to the Fig. 2 is shown only in outline, rotatable transversely to the direction of travel FR about a pivot axis oriented in the direction of travel relative to the frame R on the support structure 10. The rotational position can be controlled and / or regulated, in particular by means of an actuating device (not shown) which can be controlled by a control device, and which can be mounted, in particular, between the linkage center section 11 and the support structure 10 and / or between the linkage center section 11 and the frame R.

[0119] The frame R can also preferably be expediently designed in multiple parts, wherein the individual parts can in turn be connected by means of a permanent (e.g. welding) and / or detachable (e.g. screws or similar machine elements) connection.

[0120] The frame R also includes a chassis 16 with running wheels, which according to the exemplary embodiments can in particular be a tandem chassis, and a connecting device 17 for connection to a towing vehicle. In addition, the storage container 3 is part of the frame R.

[0121] To adjust the height of the distribution linkage 5, the support device 10 is mounted on the frame R in a height-adjustable manner by means of a height adjustment device 10.1, for example a parallelogram.

[0122] A metering device 4 with a metering container 18 is assigned to the central section 11 of the distribution linkage 5; in particular, these form a single structural unit. A conveying system 19, comprising a conveying line and / or a conveying device 20, opens into the metering container 18. However, several conveying lines and / or conveying devices 20 could also open into the metering container 18 in order to supply it with one, two, or more different distributed materials.

[0123] Preferably, both the storage container 3 and the dosing container 18 taper downwards in a funnel shape, with at least one outlet opening (not shown here) arranged at the lowest point in each case.

[0124] The outlet opening is formed by an opening in the respective container 3, 18, through which, for example, distributed material from the storage container 3 is conveyed into the conveying system 19 and / or from the dosing container 18 into the dosing device 4, whereby the outlet opening thus simultaneously forms the inlet of the conveying system 19 and / or the dosing device 4.

[0125] The material being spread from the metering device 4 is conveyed to the distribution elements 8 attached to the distribution boom 5 by means of distribution lines 6 along the distribution boom 5. During operation of the fertilizer spreader 1, the material is transported along the distribution lines 6 by means of an airflow, whereby the distribution lines 6 are coupled, i.e., operatively connected, by means of a flow-generating device (e.g., one or more blowers such as centrifugal blowers, radial blowers, axial blowers, diagonal blowers, cross-flow blowers, or the like).

[0126] A plurality of distribution lines 6 are attached along the distribution rod 5, each of which, according to the exemplary embodiments, has a distribution element 8 attached. However, two or more distribution elements 8 per distribution line 6 would also be conceivable or possible, with each distribution line 6 having a distribution element 8 assigned to its respective outer end, which forms an outlet opening 7. Furthermore, the distribution lines 6 have different lengths extending from the metering device 4 along the distribution rod 5.

[0127] In order to achieve a compact distribution linkage 5, the distribution lines 6 are also arranged one above the other, meaning that a large number of distribution lines 6 are arranged one above the other.

[0128] Furthermore, the distribution lines 6 are essentially symmetrical to each other on the distribution linkage 5 with respect to the central linkage section 11. In addition, the opposing distribution elements 8 each have at least a largely identical height position.

[0129] Furthermore, the distribution lines 6 have separation points, not shown here, between the rod center section 11 and the booms 13 or between the rod sections 12 of the booms 13.

[0130] The distribution elements 8 can be formed, in particular, by impact plates, against which the material to be distributed is conveyed by means of the air volume flow and subsequently distributed, for example, in a fan shape, depending on the shape of the impact plate. However, the distribution elements 8 can also be formed by an arc-shaped end section of the distribution lines 6, which can then, for example, act as impact plates themselves.

[0131] The distances between the distribution elements 8 can be such that, in particular, a full-surface distribution of the material being distributed is made possible by means of the spreading fans generated by the distribution elements 8, and in particular a seamless distribution of the material being distributed is made possible.

[0132] According to an alternative embodiment, it would also be conceivable that the distribution elements 8 are arranged on the distribution rod 5 in such a way, or that the spreading patterns created by the distribution elements 8 are such that the spreading patterns overlap. For example, a double or triple overlap of the spreading patterns could be provided, which in turn could increase the distribution quality, as shown in Fig. 3 is shown.

[0133] To supply the dosing device 4 with the respective distributed material, it is operatively connected to at least one storage container 3, whereby the operative connection can be made by means of a conveying system 19 with, for example, a conveying line 20 and by means of the dosing container 18.

[0134] The conveying system 19 according to the embodiment examples comprises a conveying line 20 or conveying device 20 leading into the dosing container 18; however, two or more conveying lines 20 could also be provided, in particular for different distribution goods.

[0135] The conveying system 19, or the conveying line 20 or the conveying facility 20, is at least divided into two parts, that is, it has several conveying sections 21, 22.

[0136] The conveying system 19 and / or the conveying sections 21, 22 can be formed by one or more screw conveyors and / or conveyor belts and / or the like.

[0137] Alternatively or additionally, the conveying system can also be formed, at least in sections, by a pneumatic conveying system, in which distributed material is conveyed by means of an air volume flow along the conveying line 20.

[0138] The metering device 4 is assigned to the rod center section 11 and / or the support device 10 in such a way that these follow the vertical movements and / or the rotary movements of the distribution rod 5 at least largely synchronously.

[0139] Preferably, the pneumatic fertilizer spreader 1 comprises at least a frame R supporting components of the fertilizer spreader 1, a storage container 3 for carrying and providing the material to be distributed (e.g., seeds, fertilizer and / or the like).), a distribution linkage 5 extending transversely to the direction of travel FR, which distribution linkage 5 has a support device 10, a linkage center section 11 and booms 13 rotatably attached to the linkage center section 11, wherein distribution lines 6 with distribution elements 8 and a metering container 18 operatively connected to the storage container 3 by means of a conveying system 19 are attached to the distribution linkage 5, wherein the distribution lines 6 can be supplied with an air volume flow to convey the distributed material along the distribution lines 6 to the distribution elements 8 and wherein, by means of at least one metering device 4 forming a structural unit with the distribution linkage 5 and operatively connected to the metering container 18, distributed material can be metered into the distribution lines 6.

[0140] In the Fig. 3 and Fig. Figure 4 shows the pneumatic fertilizer spreader 1 according to the invention in a rear view, wherein in the Fig. 3 of the pneumatic fertilizer spreader 1 in a first configuration K1 and in the Fig. 4 is shown in a second configuration K2.

[0141] The respective distribution element 8 of the first configuration K1 is arranged at a first vertical distance 23 from the distribution rod 5. The respective distribution element 8 of the second configuration K2 is arranged at a second vertical distance 24 from the distribution rod 5.

[0142] In the first configuration K1, the respective distribution element 8 is directly connected to the distribution rod 5 or to a first elongated connecting line 25. In the second configuration, the respective distribution element 8 is connected to the distribution rod 5 by means of a second elongated connecting line 26. The lengths of the connecting lines 25 and 26 differ, with the first connecting line 25 being shorter than the second connecting line 26, as shown in the figures.

[0143] The spreading fan 27 of the respective distribution elements 8 of the respective configuration K1, K2 are schematically shown in the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 shown, where in the first configuration K1 the material being distributed can be applied from above the plant stand and in the second configuration K2 the material being distributed can be applied in or below the plant stand, i.e. below the leaf area.

[0144] In the Fig.Figure 5 shows the pneumatic fertilizer spreader 1 in the second configuration K2, with two possible orientations for the spreading fan 27 generated by the respective distribution element 8. The spreading fan 27 formed by the material impacting the respective distribution element 8 is, in one possibility, oriented upwards from the distribution element 8 (represented by a dash-dot line) and in the second possibility, oriented downwards (represented by a dashed line). After impacting the respective distribution element 8, the material falls in the respective direction and subsequently onto the agricultural area due to gravity.

[0145] Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it is apparent to a person skilled in the art that various modifications can be made and equivalents used as substitutes without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, many modifications can be made without departing from the relevant scope. Consequently, the invention is not intended to be limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to encompass all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. In particular, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter and features of the dependent claims independently of the referenced claims. Reference symbol list: 1 pneumatic fertilizer spreader 2 Distributed goods 3 storage containers 4 Dosing device 5 distribution rods 6 distribution line 7 Outlet opening 8 distribution element 9 Flow generating device 10 Supporting institution 10.1 Height adjustment device 11 Linkage middle section 12 Linkage section 13 outriggers 14 upright oriented axis 15 Storage 16 Chassis 17 Connection device 18 dosing containers 19 Funding system 20 Conveyor line 21,22 Funding section 23 first gap 24 second gap 25 first connecting line 26 second connecting line 27 scatter fans LF agricultural area R frame K1 first configuration K2 second configuration

Claims

Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) for spreading granular material onto an agricultural area (LA), wherein the pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) comprises at least: - a storage container (3) for carrying and / or providing the material; - a metering device (4) by means of which the material can be metered into distribution lines (6); - a distribution boom (5), wherein the distribution boom (5) has several distribution lines (6) having at least one outlet opening (7), which can be supplied with an air volume flow generated by means of a flow generation device (9) for conveying the material;characterized in that the pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) is configured to be operable in a first configuration (K1) and a second configuration (K2), wherein in the first configuration (K1) the respective distribution element (8), which can be connected to a distribution line (6), is arranged at a first vertical distance (23) to the distribution boom (5) and in the second configuration (K2) the respective distribution element (8), which can be connected to a distribution line (6), is arranged at a second vertical distance (24) to the distribution boom (5), which differs from the first distance (23). Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first configuration (K1) the respective distribution element (8) is connected directly or by means of at least a first elongated connecting line (25). Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that in the second configuration (K2) the respective distribution element (8) is connected to the respective distribution line (6) by means of at least a second elongated connecting line (26), wherein a length of the first connecting line (25) differs from a length of the second connecting line (26). Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the elongated connecting lines (25, 26) are at least partially flexible and / or rigid. Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that one end of the connecting line (25, 26) is connected to the distribution line (6) in such a way that another end of the connecting line (25, 26) is movable at least transversely to the direction of travel (FR), preferably is substantially freely movable. Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that a number of elongated connecting lines (25, 26) which are connected to a distribution line (6) is defined by: a distance between the outlet openings (7) of the distribution lines (6), a plant row spacing, and / or a width of a spreading fan (27) generated by the respective distribution element. Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the respective distribution elements (8) of the first configuration (K1) and the second configuration (K2) are detachably connectable to the distribution line (6), preferably without tools. Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one connection device (25, 26) is provided with a first connection unit and a second connection unit, wherein the first connection unit is assigned to the distribution line (6) and the second connection unit is assigned to the respective distribution element (8) and / or the respective connection line (25, 26), wherein the connection units are arranged to form at least one positive-locking and / or force-locking connection with each other, wherein preferably the connection unit is a quick-release fastener. Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the respective distribution element (8) and / or the respective connecting line (25, 26) can be manually connected to the distribution line (6). Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the distribution line has exactly one outlet opening (7) which can be connected to the respective distribution elements (8) of the first configuration (K1) and second configuration (K2); or has two or more outlet openings (7), wherein at least one outlet opening (8) can be connected to the respective distribution element (8) in the first configuration (K1) and at least one further outlet opening (7) can be connected to the respective distribution element (8) in the second configuration (K2). Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that - in the first configuration (K1) a spreading fan (27) formed by material impacting the respective distribution element (8) is oriented downwards from the distribution element (8); and / or - in the second configuration (K2) a spreading fan (27) formed by material impacting the respective distribution element (8) is oriented upwards from the distribution element (8). Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the first configuration (K1) at least one distribution element (8) follows the respective distribution line (6) directly or indirectly in terms of flow technology and in the second configuration (K2) at least one distribution element (8) follows the respective distribution line (8) indirectly in terms of flow technology, preferably by means of the connecting line (25, 26). Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the respective distribution element (8) of the first configuration (K1) and the respective distribution element (8) of the second configuration (K2) are essentially the same or different from each other, and / or a respective setting of the respective distribution element (8) are essentially the same or different. Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the air volume flow in the distribution line (6) is adjustable depending on the first configuration (K1) and the second configuration (K2), preferably by changing a passage cross-section of the distribution line (6) by means of cross-section-influencing elements, and / or by applying different air volume flows to the distribution line (6) by means of the flow generation device (9). Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 14 , characterized by a positioning system which is configured to position the respective distribution elements (8) between adjacent rows of plants and / or along rows of plants, at least in one of the configurations (K1, K2), preferably based on a row spacing and / or a position of the rows of plants. Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that the positioning system comprises at least one: - a steering system which is configured to steer the pneumatic fertilizer spreader relative to a row of plants and / or a tramline, preferably based on a row of plants detection, a tramline detection, and / or a field map; - at least one displacement unit which is configured to displace the respective distribution elements relative to the distribution linkage, preferably depending on the position of the rows of plants, a position of the distribution elements relative to the rows of plants, and / or a field map. Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the distribution linkage (5) comprises a support device (10), wherein the support device (10) is connected to a frame (R) of the fertilizer spreader (1), wherein the support device (10) is arranged to be height-adjustable by means of a height adjustment unit. Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the metering device (4) is spatially assigned to the distribution boom (5), preferably connected to the distribution boom (5). Pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the linkage center part (11) is rotatably connected to the carrier device (10) about an axis of rotation oriented in the direction of travel (FR). Method for converting a pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1), preferably a fertilizer spreader (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 19, comprising the method steps: - Providing a pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) with a distribution boom (5) comprising several distribution lines (6); - Checking whether the pneumatic fertilizer spreader (1) is operated in a first or second configuration (K1, K2); - Disassembling a respective distribution element (8) in the present configuration (K1, K2) and assembling the respective distribution element (8) of the other configuration (K1, K2).

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