Method for positive-locking joining of two components and component arrangement

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the positive-locking joining of two components (1, 2), in particular components that are not materially bondable to one another, wherein the components (1, 2) are arranged at least in a respective joining area (4) against one another and / or inside one another, wherein a first of the components (1) is melted in the joining area (4) by means of a laser beam (8) such that, by means of plastic deformation, molten material (15) of the first component (1) flows up or down from a projection (13) of the first component (1) onto the other, second component (2) and thereby the components (1, 2) are positively joined to one another, and wherein the laser beam (8) introduces the heat by scanning over the joining area (4) at least twice.The invention further relates to a component arrangement (3) with two components (1, 2) which are positively connected to each other by the method of positive joining.

Description

State of the art The invention relates to a method for the positive joining of two components, in particular those that cannot be joined together by material bonding, and to a component arrangement whose components are positively joined together by such a method. The unpublished application DE 10 2023 211 662 of the applicant describes a method for positively joining two components and a component arrangement. Disclosure of the invention The inventive method for the form-fitting joining of two components, in particular those not materially bondable, wherein the components are arranged at least in a respective joining area against each other and / or inside each other, wherein a first of the components is melted in the joining area by heat input using a laser beam such that, through plastic deformation, molten material of the first component flows up or down from a projection of the first component onto the other, second component, thereby forming a form-fitting connection between the components, and wherein the laser beam introduces the heat input by scanning the joining area at least twice, in particular in a temporally sequential manner, by scanning the entire joining area completely once a first time and then a second time and / or further times completely, has the advantage that, through the two, in particular multiple,The laser beam increases the material overhang in the joining area, thus enhancing the positive fit. Furthermore, the method has the advantage of enabling a positive-locking connection between a component and a corresponding component made of different materials, for example, steel and aluminum. This results in cost savings compared to other mechanical fixings, such as those using a retaining ring, which requires the prior creation of a complex internal profile in the bore to accommodate the ring. Preferably, the laser beam introduces heat by scanning the joining area at least twice, particularly linearly, along a contour of the projection. A particularly advantageous method is one in which the laser beam introduces heat through a scanning circular motion and / or a scanning spiral motion and / or a scanning rectangular motion and / or a scanning rectangular motion with increasing or decreasing diameters or side lengths along the projection. A spiral motion with an increasing diameter, in particular, has the advantage that the material of the edge of the first component is melted from the inside out, thus increasing the bead of molten material and enhancing the strength of the positive-locking connection. It is advantageous that the scan diameter of the scanning circular motion and / or the scanning spiral motion is 1% to 5%, particularly 2% to 3%, larger than the diameter and / or length of the projection of the first component.It is also advantageous if a scan diameter of the scanning circular motion and / or the scanning spiral motion is 1 mm to 5 mm, in particular 1 mm to 3 mm, larger than a diameter of the projection and / or a length of the projection of the first component. The invention further relates to a component arrangement with two components, wherein the components are positively connected to one another by the described method. In particular, one of the components is a ball bearing and / or a shaft and / or a bolt and / or an axle. Preferably, the two components are made of different materials; for example, the first component is made of aluminum and the second component of steel. The advantages described with regard to the process also apply accordingly to the component arrangement. Further advantages will result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the figures and from the dependent claims. Brief description of the drawings Exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings with reference to several figures and are explained in more detail in the following description. Figure 1 shows a component arrangement in a sectional view, Figure 2 shows a component arrangement in an overview, and Figure 3 shows a flowchart of a method for the positive joining of two components of a component arrangement. Description of exemplary implementations The following describes a method for the positive-locking joining of two components, particularly those not otherwise capable of being joined by material bonding. The components are arranged adjacent to and / or within each other, at least in a respective joining area. A first component is melted in the joining area by heat input from a laser beam such that, through plastic deformation, molten material from the first component flows from a projection of the first component onto the second component, thereby positively joining the components. The laser beam applies the heat input by scanning the joining area at least twice. Furthermore, a component arrangement with two components is described, which are positively joined to each other by this method. In the process described in more detail below, a scanner guides the laser beam along the edge to be melted. For a given diameter, for example, 40 mm, it is advantageous to adjust the scanner's circular motion to a larger diameter, for example, 41 mm. The laser beam generates a heat buildup. This melts the material and directs it in a predetermined direction towards the second component. With a 360° scan, i.e., a complete circular motion, a material overhang of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm is produced, depending on the laser power and scan speed. To increase the material overhang, the scan strategy is changed from a single pass to multiple passes, for example, a spiral scan contour or scanning twice in a circle. This method increases the material overhang.The described method is preferably used to fix and / or secure ball bearings, shafts, bolts, and / or axles. Preferably, the method is performed on a rotationally symmetrical component. The method is also or alternatively performed on rectangular components. Fig. 1 shows a component arrangement 3 in a sectional view. The component arrangement 3 comprises a first component 1 and a second component 2. In this preferred embodiment, the first component 1 is designed as a receptacle and the second component 1 as a ball bearing 17. By means of the method described below with reference to Fig. 3, the rotationally symmetrical component of the second component 2, designed as a ball bearing 17, is fixed in the receptacle as the first component 1. This is achieved by remelting the component edge of the first component 1, which is designed as a projection 13, using a laser beam 8.In this process, the first component 1 is melted in a joining area 4 by heat input from the laser beam 8 such that, through plastic deformation, molten material 15 of the first component 1 flows from a projection 13 of the first component 1 onto the second component 2 and into a recess 6 between the first component 1 and the second component 2, thereby forming a positive-locking connection between the two components 1 and 2. This is achieved by the laser beam 8 introducing the heat input by scanning, in particular linearly, the joining area 4 at least twice along a contour of the projection 13. Specifically, the molten material 15 also flows into a gap 5 between the first component 1 and the second component 2. Fig. 2 shows an overview of the component arrangement 3 of Fig. 1. The component arrangement 3 comprises a first, rotationally symmetric component 1 as a receptacle and a second, rotationally symmetric component 2 as an insert. A laser 10 is configured as a laser scanner. The laser 10 emits a laser beam 8. The laser 10 is configured to move the laser beam 8 in a circular scanning motion 19, following a contour of the projection 13 of the first component 1. The material at the edge of the projection 13 is melted by the heat input of the laser beam 8, and the molten material 15 flows down onto the second component 2, so that the first component 1 is positively connected to the second component 2. The laser 10 is configured such that the laser beam 8 introduces the heat input by passing over the joining area at least twice, and in particular several times.The laser beam 8 traverses the joining area in a linear, scanning circular motion, following the contour of the projection 13. The scan diameter 21 of the laser 8's circular motion is larger, in particular by 1 to 5 percent, than the diameter 23 of the projection 13. In the preferred embodiment, the diameter 23 of the projection 13 is 40 mm, while the scan diameter 21 is 41 mm. Figure 3 shows a flowchart of a method for the positive-locking joining of two components of a component arrangement according to Figures 1 and 2. In a first process step 30, the first component and the second component are arranged next to and / or inside each other, at least in their respective joining areas. In a second process step 32, the first component is melted in the joining area by heat input using a laser beam such that, through plastic deformation, molten material of the first component flows up or down from a projection of the first component onto the other, second component, thereby positively joining the components. The second process step 32 is carried out by scanning the joining area. In a third process step 34, the joining area is scanned a second time, preferably several times, by the laser to input heat into the joining area.Preferably, the scan diameter of the laser beam is decreased and / or increased with each subsequent scan round, and / or alternately decreased and then increased again. Preferably, the laser beam introduces the heat input by linearly scanning the joining area along the contour of an edge of the projection. In one variant of the described method and component arrangement, the first component and preferably the second component are rectangular, in particular square. The use of the described method can be verified by the characteristic shape of the joining area or the molten material, particularly by a cross-section through the component geometry. Another verification method involves an optical assessment of the component end face and an evaluation of the weld bead of the joining area and / or a heat-affected zone. In particular, the multiple circular scanning movements can be detected by evaluating the weld bead of the joining area and / or the heat-affected zone, as these movements exhibit characteristic patterns. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature DE 10 2023 211 662

[0002]

Claims

Method for the form-fitting joining of two components (1, 2), in particular components that are not materially bondable, - wherein the components (1, 2) are arranged at least in a respective joining area (4) next to and / or inside each other, - wherein a first of the components (1) is melted in the joining area (4) by means of a laser beam (8) such that, by means of plastic deformation, molten material (15) of the first component (1) flows up or down from a projection (13) of the first component (1) onto the other, second component (2) and thereby the components (1, 2) are form-fittingly joined together, and - wherein the laser beam (8) introduces the heat by scanning over the joining area (4) at least twice. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser beam (8) introduces the heat input by scanning, in particular linearly, the joining area (4) at least twice along the projection (13). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laser beam (8) introduces the heat input by means of a scanning circular motion and / or by means of a scanning spiral motion and / or by means of a scanning rectangular motion and / or by means of a scanning rectangular motion with increasing or decreasing side lengths along the projection (13). Method according to claim 3, characterized in that a scan diameter (21) of the scanning circular motion and / or the scanning spiral motion is 1% to 5%, in particular 2% to 3%, larger than a diameter (23) of the projection (13) and / or a length of the projection (13) of the first component (1). Method according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that a scan diameter (21) of the scanning circular motion and / or the scanning spiral motion is 1 mm to 5 mm, in particular 1 mm to 3 mm, larger than a diameter (23) of the projection (13) and / or a length of the projection (13) of the first component (1). Component arrangement (3) with two components (1, 2), characterized in that the components (1, 2) are positively connected to each other by a method according to one of the preceding claims. Component arrangement (3) according to claim 6, characterized in that one of the components (1, 2) is a ball bearing and / or a shaft and / or a bolt and / or an axle. Component arrangement (3) according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the two components (1, 2) consist of different materials.

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