Distributed winding for an electric machine

Abstract

Distributed winding (100) for a multiphase electrical machine, comprising a coil body (11) with a plurality of slots (12) distributed over a circumference of the coil body, a plurality of first hairpins (13-1), whose axially extending slot sections (13-N) are each arranged in a first and in an adjacent second winding layer in different slots (12), and whose curved sections (13-V) run between the first and the second winding layer of the different slots; at least one second hairpin (13-2), with a first axially extending slot section (13-N) extending in the second winding layer of a slot (12), and with a second axially extending slot section (13-N) extending in a third winding layer of another slot (12), wherein the third winding layer is radially adjacent to the second winding layer, and wherein a curved section (13-V) of the second hairpin (13-2) extends between the second and the third winding layer, at least one slot (12) in which a plurality of winding layers of different phases are arranged in a radial direction; a connection pin (13-4) of a first phase, which is led into a predetermined winding position of the majority of the winding positions of the slot (12), characterized by the fact that at least one winding layer adjacent to the winding layer of the slot (12) is also assigned to the first phase.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a distributed winding for an electric machine, in particular for use in a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive consisting of an internal combustion engine and an electric machine or with a fully electric drive.

[0002] In the prior art, electrical machines with distributed windings are known in addition to concentrated windings. Distributed windings are generally manufactured using the so-called hairpin technology, in which several conductor elements (hairpins) are inserted into slots of a coil former and connected to form corresponding winding strands.

[0003] A distributed winding therefore comprises at least one winding strand formed from a plurality of hairpins, but usually several winding strands for multiphase electrical machines. The hairpins each have axially extending legs or slot sections, which can be arranged radially in different winding positions in slots of the coil former. Each winding strand has a connection area at both ends, formed by the end of a respective connection hairpin and projecting axially beyond the coil former.

[0004] Examples of the state of the art in this regard include DE 10 2019 100 708 A1 or US 2017 / 353071 A1.

[0005] Partial discharge resistance refers to the resistance of a live system to partial discharge before equipotential bonding occurs between two conductors or between a conductor and ground. The greater the potential difference between two conductors, the greater the probability of partial discharges occurring, depending on the insulation between the two conductors. Insulation between two live conductors can increase partial discharge resistance. Insulation can be a bonded insulating layer (e.g., PEEK / PAI coating on wire) or air / space between two conductors.

[0006] Voltage decreases along the length of a conductor. Therefore, the highest voltage in a stator is found directly at the terminal pins. This means that the highest voltage potential per winding strand is located near the terminal area. In known designs, the terminal hairpins (connection pins) cross a different phase directly at the terminal pin or the first turn due to chorded windings in the stator. In a multilayer winding, chord refers to a displacement of winding layers of different phases or corresponding winding strands, such that a slot contains winding layers of at least two phases. This can be rather unfavorable with regard to partial discharge resistance. However, with a sufficiently thick wire insulation layer, the partial discharge resistance can be kept high enough to avoid any noticeable impairment of function.

[0007] Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to improve the partial discharge resistance in electrical machines.

[0008] This problem is solved by a device according to the main claim. Advantageous further developments result from the dependent claims.

[0009] The present invention provides a distributed winding for a multiphase electrical machine. The distributed winding comprises a coil former with a plurality of slots distributed around the circumference of the coil former. The distributed winding includes at least one slot in which a plurality of winding layers of different phases or winding strands are arranged radially. The distributed winding includes a terminal pin of a first phase, which is connected to a predetermined winding layer of the plurality of winding layers in the slot. At least one winding layer of the slot adjacent to the predetermined winding layer (into which the terminal pin is connected) is also assigned to the first phase. The adjacent winding layer can be radially directly adjacent to the predetermined winding layer of the slot.

[0010] In the invention, the distributed winding comprises a plurality of first hairpins (e.g., so-called standard pins) whose axially extending slot sections are arranged in different slots in a first (e.g., 2n-th, n = 1, 2, 3, ..., N) and in an adjacent second (e.g., (2n±1)-th) winding layer, and whose curved sections extend between the first (e.g., 2n-th) and the second (e.g., (2n±1)-th) winding layer of the different slots. Furthermore, the distributed winding comprises at least one second hairpin (e.g., a so-called layer jump pin), with a first axially extending slot section that runs in the second (e.g., (2n±1)th) winding layer of a slot, and with a second axially extending slot section that runs in a third winding layer (e.g., (2n±2)th) of another slot, wherein the third winding layer is radially adjacent to the second winding layer, and wherein a curved section of the second hairpin (e.g.,The layer jump pin runs between the second (e.g., (2n±1)th) and third (e.g., (2n±2)th) winding layer.

[0011] In embodiments of the present invention, flexure, particularly in the region of the first turns, can be avoided in order to increase partial discharge resistance. By increasing partial discharge resistance, the insulation thickness on the wires or hairpins can be reduced, thereby increasing the amount of copper in the slots, which can be advantageous for an electric machine.

[0012] According to some embodiments, the predetermined winding position of the slot into which the connection pin of the first phase is inserted is either the radially innermost or the radially outermost winding position of the slot. Thus, the adjacent winding position of the slot, which is also assigned to the first phase, is either the radially second innermost winding position or the radially second outermost winding position of the slot.

[0013] According to some embodiments, the predetermined winding position and the adjacent winding position of a common phase (first phase, second phase, or third phase) of the plurality of phases are assigned to each slot of the coil former. This eliminates any separation between the predetermined winding position and the adjacent winding position.

[0014] According to some embodiments, the multiphase electric machine comprises three phases, and winding layers of at least two different phases are arranged in each slot of the coil former. Such an arrangement can be particularly advantageous with an even number of winding layers.

[0015] According to some embodiments, the majority of winding layers is an integer multiple of two, i.e., even.

[0016] According to some embodiments, the majority of winding layers of the different phases in winding layers outside the predetermined and adjacent winding layers exhibit a symmetrical chord. With a symmetrical chord, a number of winding layers that are circumferentially displaced relative to the radially innermost or outermost double layer are identical. The displacement is also identical both circumferentially and in the circumferential direction. Conversely, with asymmetrical chord variants, the number of winding layers that are circumferentially displaced relative to the radially innermost or outermost double layer, or their displacement, are not identical. A symmetrical chord can reduce certain undesirable or detrimental effects in the magnetic field and improve the efficiency and performance of the machine.Furthermore, symmetrical chording can help to make the torque more even and reduce vibrations and noise.

[0017] In the circumferential direction, each double layer can be filled using the first hairpins (standard pins). Once these double layers are filled, the second hairpins (layer jump pins) can be used to jump to the next double layer.

[0018] In some embodiments, the curved section (shift section) of the second hairpin (shift pin) is arranged on an insertion side of the first and second hairpins. This means that the shifts can be achieved via shift pins on the insertion side. This allows the use of less complex tools compared to conventional designs.

[0019] According to some embodiments, the curved section (shift section) of the second hairpin (shift pin) runs radially opposite to the curved sections of the first hairpins (standard pins). For example, the curved section of the second hairpin (shift pin) can run radially outwards, while the curved sections of the first hairpins (standard pins) run radially inwards.

[0020] According to some embodiments, the distributed winding comprises a plurality of second hairpins (e.g., layer jump pins) arranged in a limited angular range of less than 360° (e.g., 120°) around the circumference of the coil body.

[0021] In some embodiments, the distributed winding comprises a plurality of connection pins arranged within a limited angular range of less than 360° (e.g., 120°) around the circumference of the coil former. This allows for a smaller or simpler wiring configuration.

[0022] According to some embodiments, for each slot of the coil former, the predetermined winding position into which the connection pin of the first phase is routed, and at least the adjacent winding position of a common phase of the plurality of phases, are assigned. This can apply to all slots of the coil former, so that at least the two innermost or at least the two outermost winding positions are always unstretched.

[0023] According to some embodiments, the multiphase electrical machine comprises three phases and winding layers of at least two different phases are arranged in each slot of the coil body.

[0024] In the following, individual embodiments of the present invention are described by way of example with reference to the figures.

[0025] They show: Fig. 1A a known winding head of a distributed winding for an electric machine with standard and cover hairpins; Fig. 1B a winding head of a distributed winding for an electric machine with standard and connecting hairpins; Fig. 2. A standard hairpin that is essentially U-shaped; Fig. 3 a top view of a winding head of a distributed winding for an electric machine with standard and shift hairpins; Fig. 4 a schematic representation of a wire routing through the stator with standard and position-shift hairpins; Fig. 5A a schematic representation of embodiments in which chords may be formed between double layers (except the radially innermost double layer); Fig. 5B a schematic representation of embodiments in which chords may be formed between individual layers (except for the radially innermost double layer); and Fig. Figures 6-9 show a schematic representation of various symmetrical and asymmetrical chord patterns.

[0026] The Fig. Figure 1A shows a known winding head of a distributed winding 10 for an electric machine. An electric machine is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (e.g., motion) or vice versa, mechanical energy into electrical energy. Examples of electric machines include electric motors and generators.

[0027] The known distributed winding 10 comprises a substantially hollow cylindrical coil former 11, which can be formed, for example, from layered sheets or sheet metal lamellae. The coil former 11 has a plurality of slots 12 distributed around its circumference. These slots 12 are located on the inner circumference of the coil former 11 and extend axially (in the direction of the axis of rotation of the coil former 11). The coil former serves as a support material for coil windings. The coil former can be a coil former of a stator or a rotor of an electric machine (E-machine).

[0028] The well-known distributed winding 10 further comprises a plurality of winding strands (coils). For example, there may be three winding strands for three different phases (current-carrying conductors). A winding strand is formed from a plurality of interconnected hairpins 13. Hairpins can consist of a flat, U-shaped wire, which may be made of copper, aluminum, or other materials and is bent into an arc at both ends. Hairpin windings are often used in electrical machines such as motors and generators because they can offer a higher current density and better cooling properties than conventional round wire windings. In addition, hairpin windings can be used in machines with limited space and complex shapes because they are flexible and easily adaptable.

[0029] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, individual hairpins 13 are generally bent in a substantially U-shape and can have a rectangular conductor cross-section. Due to their U-shape, individual hairpins 13 have two substantially parallel legs 13-N, which are also referred to as slot sections in the following because they are arranged in the slots 12 of the coil former 11.

[0030] The hairpins 13 arranged in or on the coil former 11 each have axially extending slot sections 13-N which can be arranged in different winding positions in the slots 12 of the coil former 11 in the radial direction. In other words, a plurality of axially extending slots 12 are provided on the inner circumference of the coil former 11 in which slot sections 13-N of the hairpins 13 are arranged in several radially layered winding positions.

[0031] After all hairpins 13 have been mounted, the conductor ends protruding from the so-called twist side of the coil former 11 are bent circumferentially around the coil former 11, cut to length, and welded together. The axially protruding sections of the winding strands or hairpins 13 from the coil former 11 form so-called winding heads. Each winding strand has a connection area at each of its two ends (not shown), which can be formed by one end of a respective connecting hairpin.

[0032] The Fig. 1A and Fig. Figure 1B shows an “upper” winding head of the distributed winding 10. The upper winding head forms an insertion side from which the hairpins 13 are inserted into the slots 12 of the coil former 11, so that the bent sections 13-V of the hairpins 13 form the winding head.

[0033] In the Fig. In the known comparative example shown in Figure 1A, legs 13-N of so-called cover hairpins 13-3 protrude from the radially outermost winding layer of the slots 12, the curved sections 13-V of which extend from the radially outermost winding layer of one slot to the radially innermost winding layer of another slot, in which the second leg of the cover hairpin 13-3 then runs. The slot and the other slot are located at different positions or angles in the circumferential direction.

[0034] Furthermore, standard hairpins 13-1 are provided, the axially extending legs 13-N of which are arranged radially in (immediately) adjacent winding layers in the slots 12 of the coil former 11. That is, a bent section 13-V of a standard hairpin 13-1 extends from the nth winding layer of one slot to the (n±1)th winding layer of another slot, in which the second leg of the hairpin 13-1 then runs. The standard hairpins 13-1 thus occupy, so to speak, double layers (e.g., layers 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, 6). The bent sections 13-V of the cover hairpins 13-3 cover the bent sections 13-V of the standard hairpins 13-1. Since the curved sections 13-V of the cover hairpins 13-3 run from the radially innermost winding layer of one slot to the radially outermost winding layer of another slot, they also have a radial directional component.

[0035] The present invention proposes a novel winding design which, in addition to the standard hairpins 13-1 and as an alternative to the cover hairpins 13-3 of the Fig. 1A includes a novel type of hairpin: so-called layer-shift hairpins 13-2. The Fig. Figure 1B shows an embodiment of a distributed winding 100 with standard hairpins 13-1 and layer-shift hairpins 13-2 (but without cover hairpins).

[0036] A layer-shift hairpin 13-2 has a first axially extending groove section / leg 13-N, which runs in a layer of a double layer (e.g. layer 2n) of a groove, and a second axially extending groove section / leg 13-N, which runs in a radially adjacent layer of the double layer (e.g. layer 2n-1) of another groove, and wherein a curved section (layer-shift section) 13-V of the layer-shift hairpin 13-2 runs between the adjacent double layers (e.g. between layer 2n and layer 2n-1).

[0037] How to use the Fig. 1B and the one in Fig. As can be seen in the top view of the winding head shown in Figure 3, the curved sections 13-V of the layer-shift hairpins 13-2 run along the insertion side of the standard hairpins 13-1 and the layer-shift hairpins 13-2. The layer shifts between adjacent double layers can thus be achieved via the layer-shift hairpins 13-2 on the insertion side (turning area). This allows the use of less complex tools compared to conventional designs.

[0038] In the Fig. In the example shown, with a total of six layers (radially inward: layer 6, radially outward: layer 1), curved sections 13-V ("S-curve") of layer-shift hairpins 13-2 run from radially inward to radially outward between adjacent double layers. A curved section 13-V of a layer-shift hairpin 13-2 comprises two opposing arcs. A first arc curves radially outward from the circumferential direction. A second arc, immediately following the first arc, curves again in the circumferential direction from a radially outward direction. For example, curved sections 13-V of layer-shift hairpins 13-2 run from layer 5 (belonging to double layer 3) to layer 4 (belonging to double layer 2). Furthermore, curved sections 13-V of further layer jump hairpins 13-2 run from layer 3 (belonging to double layer 2) to layer 2 (belonging to double layer 1).A curved section 13-V of a layer-shift hairpin 13-2 therefore has a radially outward directional component (S-curve).

[0039] In contrast, curved sections 13-V (“S-bends”) of standard hairpins 13-1 run from radially outside to radially inside double layers. A curved section 13-V of a standard hairpin 13-1 also comprises two opposing bends. A first bend curves radially inward from the circumferential direction. A second bend, immediately following the first, curves again in the circumferential direction from a radially inward direction. For example, curved sections 13-V of standard hairpins 13-1 run between layer 6 (belonging to double layer 3) and layer 5 (belonging to double layer 3). Furthermore, curved sections 13-V of other standard hairpins 13-1 run between layer 4 (belonging to double layer 2) and layer 3 (belonging to double layer 2). Furthermore, curved sections 13-V of additional standard hairpins 13-1 run between layer 2 (belonging to double layer 1) and layer 1 (belonging to double layer 1).A curved section 13-V of a standard hairpin 13-1 therefore has a directional component extending radially inwards or radially outwards (S-curve).

[0040] As it is in Fig. As indicated by the dashed lines in Figure 3, the layer-shift hairpins 13-2 are arranged only within a limited angular range of less than 360° around the circumference of the coil former 11. This allows the use of less complex tools. For example, the limited angular range can be less than 270°, less than 120°, or less than 60°.

[0041] The preceding information regarding the standard hairpins 13-1 and the layer-shift hairpins 13-2 is summarized again in the schematic representation of the Fig. 4 summarized.

[0042] Fig. Figure 4 shows a hairpin design according to an embodiment of the present invention with standard hairpins 13-1 and layer-jump hairpins 13-2. In the proposed design, each double layer is filled circumferentially by standard hairpins 13-1. When these double layers are filled, a layer-jump hairpin 13-2 is used to jump to the next double layer. Curved sections 13-V of standard hairpins 13-1 run according to Fig. 4 in the circumferential direction between layer 6 (radially inner) and layer 5. If this double layer is occupied with standard hairpins 13-1, a layer-jump hairpin 13-2 is used to jump to the next double layer, e.g., from layer 5 to layer 4. Curved sections 13-V of standard hairpins 13-1 then run circumferentially between layer 4 and layer 3. If this double layer is again occupied with standard hairpins 13-1, a layer-jump hairpin 13-2 is used to jump to the next double layer, e.g., from layer 3 to layer 2. Curved sections 13-V of standard hairpins 13-1 then run circumferentially between layer 2 and layer 1 (radially outer). In conventional windings, the layer jumps are implemented on the twist side. In the proposed design, the layer jumps are realized via layer jump hairpins 13-2 on the insertion side.

[0043] The layer jumps, which in conventional hairpin windings are implemented on the twist side, are implemented on the insertion side (turning area) in the proposed design. For this purpose, layer jump hairpins 13-2 are used, which feature a mirrored S-shape (layer jump geometry) compared to the standard hairpins 13-1. Using a 6-layer stator as an example, standard hairpins 13-1, or slot jump areas, are always located in layers 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, or 6. To connect these double layers / form the coil mat, the layer jump hairpins 13-2 are designed to be inserted in layers 2, 3, or 4, or 5, thus jumping from one double layer to the next. This has no effect on the twist side (→ constant diameter). The layer jump hairpins can be located in a partial area of ​​the stator. This can be seen from the different roof geometries on the insertion side of the stator.

[0044] The distributed winding 100 for a multiphase electric machine of the Fig. 1B includes standard hairpins 13-1 and layer-shift hairpins 13-2, as well as connecting hairpins 13-4. As in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 1B, the connection hairpins 13-4 for the multiphase electric machine can be arranged within a limited angular range of less than 360° (e.g., 120°) around the circumference of the coil former 11. The connection hairpins 13-4 for connecting to one or more phases of the electric machine can be configured as so-called I-pins. While standard hairpins 13-1 and layer-shift hairpins 13-2 use U-shaped copper bars, I-pins offer an alternative form for connecting the windings within the electric machine. I-pins are essentially straight, pin-shaped conductors that can be used instead of the bent U- or V-shaped hairpins. These can offer advantages in certain winding designs and assembly processes. For example, the I-pin configuration can, in some cases, allow for easier handling and installation, particularly when spatial conditions in the stator require a straight rather than a bent connection.The use of I-pins can also have specific electrical engineering or manufacturing advantages, such as a simplified arrangement of the windings, improved heat dissipation, or more efficient use of the available space in the stator.

[0045] A phase of an electric machine refers to an independent circuit within the winding of the motor or generator through which electric current flows. In electric machines, such as induction motors, synchronous motors, or generators, the windings are typically divided into multiple phases to optimize the machine's operation and efficiency. A common configuration in many applications is the three-phase arrangement (three-phase AC), in which three separate circuits (phases) are spatially and electrically distributed to create a uniform rotating magnetic field within the motor. This rotating field is responsible for converting electrical energy into mechanical motion (in motors) or vice versa (in generators). Each phase consists of a series of turns or coils wound around the stator (in a motor) or the rotor (in a generator).When alternating current flows through these phases, the time- and space-shifted magnetic fields of the individual phases generate a rotating magnetic field. This field interacts with the magnetic fields in the rotor (in a motor) or stator (in a generator) to produce rotational motion or electrical energy. Phase separation can improve the efficiency and smoothness of operation of electric machines. In three-phase systems, the specific arrangement and phase shift between the individual circuits enables continuous rotation with a uniform torque distribution and without the need for external starting mechanisms required in single-phase motors.

[0046] In addition to or as an alternative to coil bodies 11 with layer-shift hairpins 13-2, the present invention proposes a concept to increase the partial discharge resistance in electrical machines.

[0047] As an example, consider an unstitched winding (C0) with three phases, three pole pairs, and three holes. The number of pole pairs refers to the number of pole pairs present in the electric machine. A pole pair consists of a north pole and a south pole. The number of pole pairs indicates how many such pairs are present in the electric machine. A pole pair of three means that the electric machine has three north poles and three south poles, arranged alternately. The number of holes refers to the number of slots (12) or "holes" per pole and winding strand in an electric motor or generator. The slots (12) contain the windings. A number of holes of three means that exactly three slots are allocated to each pole and each winding strand (phase).The combination of 3 pole pairs and 3 slots in an electric machine indicates that the machine has six poles (three pairs) and that three slots are provided for each pole and winding strand. For example, this results in a stator slot count of 54. It goes without saying that other configurations are also possible.

[0048] To create a chord in general, the individual layers (winding positions) can be shifted relative to each other so that a slot contains winding positions of different phases. This arrangement of phases allows for a space-optimized winding with the smallest possible twist widths and therefore small winding heads, especially on the twist side. Chords C1 and C2 are achievable.

[0049] However, a disadvantage of this tensing scheme is the early crossing of different phases directly at the entry (A0, B0, D0) into the slot (tensing in the connection area), which creates a high potential difference that can negatively affect the partial discharge resistance.

[0050] A connecting hairpin 13-4 of a phase is guided into a predetermined winding position of the majority of the winding positions of a slot 12. According to the in Fig. In the example shown in Figure 1B, the connecting hairpins 13-4 are guided into the radially innermost position (e.g., position 6). However, embodiments are also possible in which the connecting hairpins 13-4 are guided into the radially outermost position (e.g., position 1). In the distributed winding according to the Fig. 1B is defined as at least one winding position (e.g., position 5 or position 2) of slot 12 adjacent to the predetermined winding position (into which the connecting hairpin 13-4 of the phase is led) and also assigned to the same phase as the predetermined winding position. This prevents or reduces phase crossing (so-called chord), especially in the area of ​​the first turns in the innermost or outermost positions, in order to increase the partial discharge resistance of the distributed winding 100. By increasing the partial discharge resistance, the insulation thickness on the wires or hairpins 13 can be reduced, and thus the amount of copper in the slots 12 can be increased, which can be advantageous for an electric motor.

[0051] An improvement in partial discharge resistance can therefore be achieved if the same phase is located in the slot next to the terminal hairpin (A0, B0, D0) and not directly next to one of the other two phases. For this purpose, the winding can be divided into bundles. In the proposed winding scheme, the layer next to the terminal hairpin layer in the slot is always not shifted. For N-layer stators, these are layers 1 and 2 or layers N and N-1. All other layers can be shifted circumferentially to create chords in the stator.

[0052] The Fig. 5A and Fig. Figure 5B schematically shows a distributed winding for a three-phase electric machine with 54 exemplary slots 12-1 to 12-54 distributed around the circumference of the coil former 11. In each of the slots 12-1 to 12-54, six winding layers (layer 1 to layer 6) are arranged radially. The respective three connecting hairpins 13-4 (or A0, B0, D0) of the three phases are each led into the radially innermost winding layer (layer 6) of the respective slots 12 (but could also be led into the radially outermost winding layer (layer 1)). In the example shown, the winding layer adjacent to the radially innermost winding layer (layer 6) of the respective slots (layer 5 or layer 2) is unsexed and also assigned to the same phase as the respective connection hairpins 13-4 (or A0, B0, D0). Winding layers located further out radially (e.g.,Layers 1 - 4) can be sineted (shifted), which means that in at least some slots 12 at least one of the winding layers 1 to 4 can be assigned to a different phase than the winding layers 5 and 6.

[0053] The Fig. Figure 5A presents embodiments in which chords can be formed between double layers (except for the radially innermost double layer), while individual double layers are unstreaked. Fig. 5B presents embodiments in which chords can be formed between individual layers (except for the radially innermost double layer).

[0054] The Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 to Fig. Figure 9 shows some possible tendon variants according to different embodiments of the present invention.

[0055] Fig. Figure 6 shows tendon variants in which the connecting hairpins 13-4 can be guided either into the radially innermost position (e.g. position 6) or into the radially outermost position (position 1).

[0056] At the in Fig. The upper chord variant CX1 shown in Figure 6 is an asymmetrical chord variant in which the phase of the middle double layer (layers 3, 4) is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the right relative to the same phase of the radially innermost (layers 5, 6) and radially outermost double layers (layers 1, 2). The radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) and the radially outermost double layer (layers 1, 2) of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+1), 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1) are each assigned to the same phase. The middle double layer (layers 3, 4) of the same phase is shifted by one groove to the right, so that the same phase is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1) and 12-(3n-2).

[0057] At the in Fig. The lower chord variant CX1 shown in Figure 6 is an asymmetrical chord variant in which the phase of the middle double layer (layers 3, 4) is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the left relative to the same phase of the radially innermost (layers 5, 6) and radially outermost double layers (layers 1, 2). The radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) and the radially outermost double layer (layers 1, 2) of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+1), 12-(3n), and 12-(3n-1) are each assigned to the same phase. The middle double layer (layers 3, 4) of the same phase is shifted by one groove to the left, so that the same phase is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+2), 12-(3n+1), and 12-(3n).

[0058] At the in Fig. The upper chord variant CX2 shown in Figure 6 is a symmetrical chord variant in which the phase of the middle double layer (layers 3, 4) is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the right relative to the same phase of the radially innermost layer (layers 5, 6). The phase of the radially outermost double layer (layers 1, 2) is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the left relative to the same phase of the radially innermost layer (layers 5, 6). The radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+1), 12-(3n), and 12-(3n-1) is assigned the same phase. The middle double layer (layers 3, 4) of the same phase is shifted by one groove to the right, so that the same phase is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1), and 12-(3n-2).The radial outermost double layer (layer 1, 2) of the same phase is shifted to the left by one groove, so that the same phase of the radial outermost double layer (layer 1, 2) can be found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+2), 12-(3n+1) and 12-(3n).

[0059] At the in Fig. The lower chord variant CX2 shown in Figure 6 is a symmetrical chord variant in which the phase of the middle double layer (layers 3, 4) is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the left relative to the same phase of the radially innermost layer (layers 5, 6). The phase of the radially outermost double layer (layers 1, 2) is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the right relative to the same phase of the radially innermost layer (layers 5, 6). The radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+1), 12-(3n), and 12-(3n-1) is assigned the same phase. The middle double layer (layers 3, 4) of the same phase is shifted by one groove to the left, so that the same phase is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+2), 12-(3n+1), and 12-(3n).The radial outermost double layer (layer 1, 2) of the same phase is shifted by one groove to the right, so that the same phase of the radial outermost double layer (layer 1, 2) can be found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1) and 12-(3n-2).

[0060] At the in Fig. The upper chord variant CX3 shown in Figure 6 is an asymmetrical chord variant in which the phase of the middle double layer (layers 3, 4) is shifted circumferentially by two grooves to the right relative to the same phase of the radially innermost (layers 5, 6) and radially outermost double layers (layers 1, 2). The radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) and the radially outermost double layer (layers 1, 2) of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+2), 12-(3n+1), and 12-(3n) are each assigned to the same phase. The middle double layer (layers 3, 4) of the same phase is shifted by two grooves to the right, so that the same phase in the middle double layer (layers 3, 4) is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1), and 12-(3n-2). Only groove 12-(3n) is unseen.

[0061] At the in Fig. The lower chord variant CX3 shown in Figure 6 is an asymmetrical chord variant in which the phase of the middle double layer (layers 3, 4) is shifted circumferentially by two grooves to the left relative to the same phase of the radially innermost (layers 5, 6) and radially outermost double layers (layers 1, 2). The radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) and the radially outermost double layer (layers 1, 2) of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1), and 12-(3n-2) are each assigned to the same phase. The middle double layer (layers 3, 4) of the same phase is shifted by two grooves to the left, so that the same phase in the middle double layer (layers 3, 4) is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+2), 12-(3n+1), and 12-(3n). Only groove 12-(3n) is unseen.

[0062] At the in Fig. The upper chord variant CX4 shown in Figure 7 is a symmetrical chord variant in which the phase of the radially outermost layer (layer 1) is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the left relative to the same phase of layers 3 to 6, and in which the phase of layer 2 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the right relative to the same phase of layers 3 to 6. Layers 3 to 6 of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+1), 12-(3n), and 12-(3n-1) are each assigned to the same phase. The radially outermost layer (layer 1) of the same phase is shifted by one groove to the left, so that the same phase is found in the radially outermost layer (layer 1) in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+2), 12-(3n+1), and 12-(3n). Position 2 of the same phase is shifted one groove to the right, so that the same phase in position 2 can be found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1) and 12-(3n-2). Only groove 12-(3n) is unseen.

[0063] At the in Fig. The lower chord variant CX4 shown in Figure 7 is a symmetrical chord variant in which the phase of the radially outermost layer (layer 1) is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the right relative to the same phase of layers 3 to 6, and in which the phase of layer 2 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the left relative to the same phase of layers 3 to 6. Layers 3 to 6 of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+1), 12-(3n), and 12-(3n-1) are each assigned to the same phase. The radially outermost layer (layer 1) of the same phase is shifted by one groove to the right, so that the same phase is found in the radially outermost layer (layer 1) in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1), and 12-(3n-2). Position 2 of the same phase is shifted one groove to the left, so that the same phase in position 2 can be found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+2), 12-(3n+1) and 12-(3n). Only groove 12-(3n) is unseen.

[0064] At the in Fig. The upper chord variant CX5 shown in Figure 7 is a symmetrical chord variant in which the phase of the radially outermost layer (layer 1) is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the left relative to the same phase of the radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6), and in which the phase of layer 2 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the right relative to the same phase of the radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6). The phase of layer 3 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the left relative to the same phase of the radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) (as in layer 1). The phase of layer 4 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the right relative to the same phase of the radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) (as in layer 2). The radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+1), 12-(3n), and 12-(3n-1) are each assigned to the same phase.Position 1 and position 3 of the same phase are shifted one groove to the left, so that the same phase is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+2), 12-(3n+1), and 12-(3n) in both positions. Position 2 and position 4 of the same phase are shifted one groove to the right, so that the same phase is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1), and 12-(3n-2) in both positions. Only groove 12-(3n) is unseen.

[0065] At the in Fig. The lower chord variant CX5 shown in Figure 7 is a symmetrical chord variant in which the phase of the radially outermost layer (layer 1) is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the right relative to the same phase of the radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6), and in which the phase of layer 2 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the left relative to the same phase of the radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6). The phase of layer 3 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the right relative to the same phase of the radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) (as in layer 1). The phase of layer 4 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the left relative to the same phase of the radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) (as in layer 2). The radially innermost double layer (layers 5, 6) of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+1), 12-(3n), and 12-(3n-1) are each assigned to the same phase.Position 1 and position 3 of the same phase are shifted one groove to the right, so that the same phase is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1), and 12-(3n-2) of both positions. Position 2 and position 4 of the same phase are shifted one groove to the left, so that the same phase is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+2), 12-(3n+1), and 12-(3n) of both positions. Only groove 12-(3n) is unseen.

[0066] At the in Fig. The upper chord variant CX6 shown in Figure 7 is a symmetrical chord variant in which the phase of layer 3 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the right relative to the same phase of the radially innermost and outermost double layers (layers 5, 6, 1, 2), and in which the phase of layer 4 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the left relative to the same phase of the radially innermost and outermost double layers (layers 5, 6, 1, 2). The radially innermost and outermost double layers (layers 5, 6, 1, 2) of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+1), 12-(3n), and 12-(3n-1) are each assigned to the same phase. Position 3 of the same phase is shifted one groove to the right, so that the same phase in position 3 can be found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1) and 12-(3n-2).In position 4 of the same phase, the phase is shifted one groove to the left, so that the same phase in position 4 is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+2), 12-(3n+1) and 12-(3n). Only groove 12-(3n) is unseen.

[0067] At the in Fig. The lower chord variant CX6 shown in Figure 7 is a symmetrical chord variant in which the phase of layer 3 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the left relative to the same phase of the radially innermost and outermost double layers (layers 5, 6, 1, 2), and in which the phase of layer 4 is shifted circumferentially by one groove to the right relative to the same phase of the radially innermost and outermost double layers (layers 5, 6, 1, 2). The radially innermost and outermost double layers (layers 5, 6, 1, 2) of three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+1), 12-(3n), and 12-(3n-1) are each assigned to the same phase. Layer 3 of the same phase is shifted by one groove to the left, so that the same phase in layer 3 is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n+2) and 12-(3n+1).Position 4 of the same phase is shifted one groove to the right, so that the same phase in position 4 is found in the three immediately adjacent grooves 12-(3n), 12-(3n-1) and 12-(3n-2). Only groove 12-(3n) is unseen.

[0068] In symmetrical chord configurations, the number of winding layers that are shifted circumferentially to the left and right relative to the radially innermost or outermost double layer are identical. The degree of shift to the left and right is also identical. Conversely, in asymmetrical chord configurations, the number of winding layers that are shifted circumferentially to the left and right relative to the radially innermost or outermost double layer, or their degree of shift, are not identical.

[0069] Other possible variations of longing are in Fig. 8 and Fig.Figure 9 shows that while tendon patterns C1 and C2 are symmetrical tendon variants, tendon patterns CY1 to CY4 are each asymmetrical tendon patterns.

[0070] It goes without saying that the number of layers can be increased or decreased in increments of two (2, 4, 6, 8, 10,...). Even an odd number of layers is possible. Likewise, the number of holes, the number of pole pairs, the number of branches / coils, and / or the number of phases can be increased or decreased.

[0071] The embodiments described and shown in the figures are only examples. Different embodiments can be combined completely or with respect to individual features. An embodiment can also be supplemented by features from another embodiment.

[0072] Furthermore, the following claims are hereby included in the detailed description, each claim being able to stand alone as a separate example. While each claim can stand alone as a separate example, it should be noted that—although a dependent claim may refer in the claims to a specific combination with one or more other claims—other examples may also include a combination of the dependent claim with the subject matter of any other dependent or independent claim. Such combinations are explicitly suggested here unless it is stated that a particular combination is not intended. Furthermore, features of a claim for any other independent claim are also to be included, even if that claim is not directly dependent on the independent claim. Reference sign 10 known distributed windings 10 distributed windings 11 coil formers 12 Nut 13 Hairpin 13-1 Standard Hairpin 13-2 staggered jump hairpin 13-3 Cover-Hairpin 13-4 Connection Hairpin 13-N groove section 13-V curved section 13-T angled section

Claims

[1] Distributed winding (100) for a multiphase electrical machine, comprising a coil former (11) with a plurality of slots (12) distributed over a circumference of the coil former, a plurality of first hairpins (13-1) whose axially extending slot sections (13-N) are each arranged in a first and in an adjacent second winding layer in different slots (12), and whose curved sections (13-V) run between the first and the second winding layer of the different slots; at least one second hairpin (13-2), with a first axially extending slot section (13-N) extending in the second winding layer of a slot (12), and with a second axially extending slot section (13-N) extending in a third winding layer of another slot (12), wherein the third winding layer is radially adjacent to the second winding layer, and wherein a curved section (13-V) of the second hairpin (13-2) extends between the second and the third winding layer, at least one slot (12) in which a plurality of winding layers of different phases are arranged in a radial direction; a connection pin (13-4) of a first phase, which is led into a predetermined winding position of the majority of the winding positions of the slot (12), characterized by , that at least one winding layer adjacent to the winding layer of the slot (12) is also assigned to the first phase. [2] Distributed winding (100) according to claim 1, wherein for each slot (12) of the coil body (11) the predetermined winding position and the adjacent winding position of a common phase of the plurality of phases are assigned. [3] Distributed winding (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the predetermined winding position is a radially innermost winding position or a radially outermost winding position. [4] Distributed winding (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the multiphase electrical machine comprises three phases and winding layers of at least two different phases are arranged in each slot (12) of the coil body (11). [5] Distributed winding (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of winding layers is an integer multiple of two. [6] Distributed winding (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the majority of winding layers of the different phases in winding layers outside the predetermined and adjacent winding layer have a symmetrical chord. [7] Distributed winding (100) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of second hairpins (13-2) arranged in a limited angular range less than 360° around the circumference of the coil body (11). [8] Distributed winding (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bent section (13-V) of the second hairpin (13-2) is arranged on an insertion side of the first and second hairpins (13-1; 13-2).

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