Battery, method for its operation and electrically powered motor vehicle with such a battery

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a battery (4) which has a series connection with energy storage units (8, 8'), wherein each of the energy storage units (8, 8') can be switched off from the series connection, wherein the voltage (U) of each of the energy storage units (8, 8') can be set n ) and their maximum current (I max,n ) is determined based on the stresses (U n ) and, based on the maximum currents of the energy storage units (8, 8'), a first maximum power (P max,1 ) of all energy storage units (8, 8') connected in series, wherein the energy storage unit (8') with the smallest maximum current (I- max,n ) is determined based on the stresses (U n ) and based on the maximum currents (I max,n ) of the energy storage units (8) a second maximum power (P max,2) for a series connection of the energy storage units (8) without the energy storage unit (8') with the smallest maximum current (I max,n ) is determined, and wherein the energy storage unit (8') with the smallest maximum current (I max,n ) is switched off from the series circuit when the second maximum power (P max,2 ) greater than the first maximum power (P max,1 ). Furthermore, the invention relates to such a battery (4) and a motor vehicle (2) with such a battery (4).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for operating a battery which has a series connection with energy storage units. The invention further relates to a battery operable according to the method and to a motor vehicle with such a battery.

[0002] An electrically powered vehicle typically has a traction battery (high-voltage, HV battery) that supplies energy to an electric motor to propel the vehicle. The term "electrically powered vehicle" refers in particular to an electric vehicle that stores the energy required for propulsion solely in the traction battery (BEV, battery electric vehicle), an electric vehicle with a range extender (REEV, range extended electric vehicle), a hybrid vehicle (HEV, hybrid electric vehicle), a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle), and / or a fuel cell vehicle (FCEV, fuel cell electric vehicle), which temporarily stores the electrical energy generated by a fuel cell in the traction battery.

[0003] Such a traction battery typically comprises several battery cells, especially lithium-ion battery cells, which are interconnected in a predetermined manner.

[0004] Typically, in a partially discharged battery, the state of charge differs between at least two of the traction battery cells. This means they exhibit different state-of-charge values. This can result, for example, from inhomogeneities in the battery cell material, particularly their electrodes, from manufacturing tolerances, and / or from operating the battery cells at different temperatures.

[0005] The maximum current that can be supplied by a given battery cell depends on its state of charge. This dependency is unique to each cell, for example, due to the tolerances and / or inhomogeneities mentioned above. Typically, a relatively low state of charge corresponds to a relatively low maximum current that the battery cells can supply. Consequently, the total electrical power available from the battery is also dependent on the state of charge of the individual battery cells.

[0006] The term state-of-charge (SOC) of a battery cell, also referred to here and in the following, refers in particular to the ratio between the currently usable capacity of the battery cell, i.e., the electrical charge currently available from the battery cell, and the nominal capacity, i.e., the maximum value of the electrical charge that can be stored in the battery.

[0007] Cell balancing methods are known. For example, WO 2022 / 199 771 A1 discloses a battery management method for a battery with cells that can be connected in series. A state-of-health is determined for each cell, and these values ​​are compared. At least one cell is identified as having a worse state-of-health than the other cells. Additionally, at least one cell is identified as having a better state-of-health than the other cells. The at least one cell with the better state of health is selectively disconnected during a charging cycle when a threshold for the maximum state of charge for that cell is reached, and / or the at least one cell with the worse state of health is disconnected during a discharging cycle when a threshold for the minimum state of charge for that cell is reached.

[0008] From DE 10 2020 204 744 A1, a method for operating a battery pack is known, comprising a plurality of battery cells connected in series, a plurality of controllable switches for activating and deactivating the battery cells during charging or discharging of the battery pack, and a management system for monitoring the battery cells and controlling the switches. In this method, the pack voltage limits of the battery pack are kept as high as possible to minimize currents and thus losses and aging effects. For this purpose, an activation pattern for activating or deactivating the battery cells during charging or discharging of the battery pack is determined.

[0009] German patent application DE 10 2014 015 194 A1 discloses a method for heating a battery comprising a plurality of battery cells and at a specific temperature, which provides a predefinable electrical power with which at least one electrical load is operated. In this process, at least a first subset of the battery cells is selected to provide the electrical power by means of a circuit arrangement of the battery, and at least a second subset of the battery cells is decoupled from the first subset and thereby excluded from providing the electrical power. The selection and decoupling are carried out in such a way that the highest possible current, which remains below a maximum value specified for the battery temperature, is established for providing the electrical power.

[0010] The invention is based on the objective of providing a particularly suitable method for operating a battery. In particular, the method should enable the battery to provide and / or supply the greatest possible electrical power, especially when the charge states of at least two battery cells differ. Furthermore, a corresponding battery and a motor vehicle equipped with such a battery are to be specified.

[0011] With regard to the method, the problem is solved according to the invention by the features of claim 1. With regard to the battery, the problem is solved according to the invention by the features of claim 5, and with regard to the motor vehicle by the features of claim 6. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the dependent claims. The statements relating to the method apply mutatis mutandis to the battery and / or the motor vehicle, and vice versa.

[0012] The method serves to operate a battery. Advantageously, the battery is a traction battery, preferably for an electrically powered vehicle. The battery has a (first) series connection of energy storage units (ESUs). In other words, the battery comprises energy storage units connected in series. Each of the energy storage units is or comprises a (single) battery cell or, alternatively, comprises at least two battery cells connected in series and / or parallel to each other. For example, one or each of the energy storage units comprises (exactly) two battery cells connected in parallel to each other. Such an energy storage unit is also referred to as a cell tuple.

[0013] In particular, the battery is a lithium-ion battery, therefore the battery cells of the battery are lithium-ion battery cells.

[0014] Each energy storage unit can be disconnected from the series circuit, for example by means of one or more switches, and in particular individually. For this purpose, each energy storage unit can be bypassed separately.

[0015] In summary, the battery comprises energy storage units that can be connected in series and / or disconnected. In other words, each energy storage unit can be connected in series with at least one other energy storage unit and / or each energy storage unit can be disconnected from a series connection with at least one other energy storage unit.

[0016] The procedure involves determining, and in particular measuring, the (electrical) voltage of each energy storage unit. Specifically, the voltage provided by the respective energy storage unit is recorded, for example, using a voltage sensor.

[0017] Furthermore, the maximum (electrical) current is determined for each energy storage unit. The maximum current is preferably defined as the maximum current that the respective energy storage unit can provide, in other words, its maximum discharge current. Additionally or alternatively, the maximum charging current is also determined.

[0018] The maximum current (i.e., the maximum discharge current and / or the maximum charging current) of each energy storage unit is conveniently determined based on its voltage, and in particular, calculated. For example, the state of charge (SOC) of each energy storage unit is first calculated based on its voltage, and additionally or alternatively based on its current temperature and / or a previous time-based current profile through that energy storage unit. A predefined characteristic curve, a predefined characteristic map, a predefined table, and / or a predefined (mathematical) function is used for this purpose. Subsequently, the maximum current is assigned to the state of charge, for example, based on a predefined table, a predefined characteristic curve, or a predefined characteristic map, or the maximum current is calculated based on the state of charge using a predefined function.

[0019] It is expedient to determine, in particular calculate, the maximum current of each of the energy storage units based on its voltage.

[0020] Furthermore, the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current, particularly with regard to its magnitude, is determined. For this purpose, the maximum currents determined for the energy storage units are conveniently compared. Alternatively, the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current, particularly with regard to its magnitude, is determined to be the energy storage unit that exhibits the lowest state of charge during a battery discharge process and / or the highest state of charge during a battery charging process.

[0021] The procedure continues by determining a first maximum (electrical) power of all energy storage units connected in series, based on the (previously determined) voltages and the (previously determined) maximum currents of the energy storage units. In other words, the maximum power for the series connection with all energy storage units is determined, specifically calculated.

[0022] The first maximum power output is the product of the sum of the voltages of the energy storage units connected in series and the maximum current through these energy storage units. Due to the series connection, the current is limited to the maximum current with the smallest magnitude. Therefore, the energy storage unit with the smallest maximum current (in magnitude) acts as the power limiting factor.

[0023] If the maximum discharge current is used as the maximum current, then the first maximum power is the maximum (discharge) power that the battery can provide. If the maximum charging current is used as the maximum current, then the first maximum power is the maximum (charging) power that can be supplied to the battery.

[0024] Furthermore, a second maximum (electrical) power is determined, specifically calculated, for a series connection of the energy storage units, excluding the unit with the lowest maximum current, based on the voltages and maximum currents of the energy storage units. In other words, the maximum power is determined for a series connection that includes all energy storage units except the one with the lowest maximum current. Therefore, this series connection does not include the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current.

[0025] In particular, the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current is not yet switched off. Therefore, it is expedient to initially calculate only this second maximum power output.

[0026] The current through this series circuit—that is, through the series circuit with all energy storage units except the one with the lowest maximum current—is no longer limited by the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current. The maximum current through this series circuit is therefore increased. Depending on the voltage of the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current, the maximum power of this series circuit will be greater, less than, or equal to the maximum power of the series circuit of all energy storage units combined.

[0027] If the second maximum power is greater than the first maximum power, the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current, and preferably only this unit, is then disconnected from the series circuit. This energy storage unit is expediently bypassed for this purpose.

[0028] In summary, a circuit for the energy storage units is advantageously implemented in which the battery can provide maximum power or in which maximum power can be supplied to the battery. If necessary, one of the energy storage units is deactivated for this purpose.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment of the method, the maximum currents of all energy storage units and / or the charge states of all energy storage units are compared to determine the energy storage unit with the smallest maximum current.

[0030] This determination therefore takes all energy storage units and / or their properties into account. There is no pre-selection of a subset of energy storage units, from which only the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current is determined.

[0031] For example, the determination of the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current and / or its deactivation depends on a further criterion. This further criterion is, for example, the exceeding of a predefined threshold by the state of charge and / or the state of health of the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current.

[0032] Alternatively, the determination of the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current from all energy storage units is carried out solely based on their previously determined maximum currents and / or their previously determined states of charge. In particular, this determination is not based on the state of health of the energy storage units. For example, in addition to or as an alternative to this, when determining the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current, it is expedient not to use a threshold value, but rather simply to compare the properties of all energy storage units.

[0033] In summary, this advantageously avoids situations where, for example due to preselection and / or the threshold value, the battery cell with the lowest maximum current is not recognized as such, is not switched off from the series circuit, and thus the battery's performance is not increased.

[0034] According to a suitable design, the energy storage unit with the smallest maximum current is switched off (in addition to the requirement that the second maximum power is greater than the first maximum power) depending on a power requirement for the battery.

[0035] The power requirement is, for example, the target power for a consumer supplied with electrical energy from the battery, such as a traction drive. For instance, the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current is only switched off to increase the battery's power output if the power requirement exceeds a predefined threshold. Thus, for example, during the driving operation of a vehicle equipped with a battery, the power provided by the battery will be increased for acceleration, particularly during an overtaking maneuver, if the corresponding power requirement exceeds a threshold (and if the specified second maximum power is greater than the specified first maximum power).

[0036] According to a suitable embodiment of the method, the disconnected energy storage unit, i.e., the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current, is reconnected to series with the other energy storage units after a predetermined time has elapsed since they were disconnected. Additionally or alternatively, the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current is reconnected to series with the other energy storage units if the power demand has decreased by a predetermined amount and / or if the power demand falls below a predetermined threshold. Additionally or alternatively, the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current is reconnected to series with the other energy storage units if the state of charge of at least one of the energy storage units has changed by a predetermined amount.

[0037] Another aspect of the invention relates to a battery which can be operated and / or is operated according to the method in one of the variants described above. In particular, the battery is designed as a traction battery for an electrically powered motor vehicle. Additionally or alternatively, the battery is a lithium-ion battery.

[0038] As described in connection with the method, the battery comprises a series connection of energy storage units, each of which can be disconnected from the series connection, particularly by means of switches. Each energy storage unit is preferably configured as a single battery cell. Alternatively, each energy storage unit comprises at least two battery cells connected in series and / or parallel to each other.

[0039] Furthermore, the battery includes a control unit, for example a controller, for carrying out the procedure in one of the variants described above. In particular, the control unit is designed and configured to determine the voltage and maximum current of each energy storage unit and / or to receive a measured value corresponding to the voltage of each energy storage unit, preferably from a sensor, and to determine, in particular calculate, the respective maximum current based on this value.

[0040] Furthermore, the control device is appropriately designed and configured to determine, based on the voltages and maximum currents of the energy storage units, a first maximum power of all energy storage units connected in series, in other words, a series connection of all energy storage units.

[0041] Furthermore, the control device is appropriately designed and configured to determine the energy storage unit with the smallest maximum current, and to determine, in particular to calculate, a second maximum power of a series circuit consisting of the other energy storage units.

[0042] Furthermore, the control device is appropriately designed and configured to control the switches in such a way that the energy storage unit with the smallest maximum current is switched off from the series circuit when the second maximum power is greater than the first maximum power.

[0043] Another aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle. This includes a battery which can be operated and / or is operated according to the method in one of the variants described above, and / or which is designed according to the battery described above.

[0044] In particular, the motor vehicle is an electrically powered motor vehicle, wherein the battery is preferably the traction battery of the motor vehicle. The traction battery thus provides electrical energy for a traction drive to propel the motor vehicle. Advantageously, the battery is electrically connected to a traction electric motor (electric drive motor, electric traction motor) for this purpose, in particular by means of an inverter.

[0045] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 schematically an electrically powered motor vehicle which has a battery with energy storage units connected in series and / or switchable, and Fig. 2. A flowchart shows the procedure for operating the battery.

[0046] Corresponding parts and sizes are always marked with the same reference symbols in all figures.

[0047] In the Fig. Figure 1 schematically depicts an electrically powered motor vehicle 2. This vehicle has a battery 4, which, according to the example shown here, is a traction battery. A load 6, in particular an inverter and / or a (traction) electric motor, is connected to the battery 4, so that the load 6 is and / or can be supplied with electrical energy by the battery 4.

[0048] The battery comprises energy storage units 8. According to the embodiment shown here, each of the energy storage units 8 is a single battery cell. For clarity, only four battery cells are shown. The three dots indicate that the battery comprises four additional energy storage units 8. The energy storage units 8 can be connected in series using switches. Furthermore, each energy storage unit 8 can be disconnected from a series connection. In other words, each energy storage unit 8 can be connected in series with at least one of the other energy storage units 8, and / or each energy storage unit 8 can be disconnected from a series connection with at least one other energy storage unit 8.

[0049] According to the embodiment shown here, each of the energy storage units 8 is assigned two switches 10a, 10b. One of the switches 10a (first switch) is connected in series with the respective energy storage unit 8, and the other switch 10b (second switch) is connected in parallel to this series connection of the first switch 10a and the energy storage unit 8. The switches 10a, 10b are expediently designed as semiconductor switches.

[0050] According to an alternative not shown further, the respective energy storage unit is a series and / or parallel circuit of at least two battery cells, expediently with fewer than 20, in particular fewer than 10, preferably fewer than 5 battery cells.

[0051] Furthermore, battery 4 includes a control unit 12. This unit is connected to switches 10a and 10b via signal and / or data transmission. Switches 10a and 10b are controlled by the control unit 12. In particular, the state of each switch 10a and 10b can thus be set to an open (current-blocking) and / or a closed (current-conducting) state.

[0052] The control unit 12 remains connected to the consumer 6 and / or, according to an alternative not shown, to a further control unit superior to the consumer 6, via signal and / or data transmission. The consumer 6 can thus make a power request P. soll , in particular designed as a value representing the power to be provided for the operation of the consumer 6, transferred to the battery 4.

[0053] The control unit 12 is designed to use this to determine the information contained in the Fig. The two procedures shown are carried out.

[0054] In the Fig. 2 is a procedure for operating battery 4 according to the flowchart shown. Fig. 1 and / or for operating the motor vehicle 2 with the battery 4 shown.

[0055] Initially, all energy storage units 8, 8' are connected in series. In other words, a series circuit is formed using all energy storage units 8, 8', such that electrical energy, in particular for the consumer 6, can be provided and / or is provided by all energy storage units 8, 8'.

[0056] In the first step I, a performance requirement P is defined. soll received. This is appropriately output by the consumer 6 to the control unit 12 of the battery 4.

[0057] In a second step II, the voltage U provided by each of the energy storage units 8 connected in series is determined.n determined. In particular, the voltage U n The voltage of each energy storage unit 8 is measured using a respective voltage sensor (not shown) and fed to the control device 12 (control unit 12). In addition, in step II, a maximum current I is set for each of the energy storage units 8, 8'. max,n determined, in particular calculated. This determination is expediently carried out using the control device 12.

[0058] For example, for each of the energy storage units 8, 8', their voltage U is used. n their state of charge (SOC) n (State of Charge) and based on the state of charge (SOC). n maximum current I max,nDetermined. For this purpose, corresponding characteristic curves, maps and / or functions are expediently stored on a (not shown) memory of the control unit 12. For example, the current temperature of the respective energy storage unit 8 is taken into account, whereby this temperature is expediently determined using a respective temperature sensor and the measurement data is transmitted to the control unit 12. In summary, the voltage U of each of the energy storage units 8, 8' is determined. n determined, in particular measured, as well as their maximum current I max,n determined, in particular calculated.

[0059] The second step II can be carried out as shown, either following the first step I, simultaneously with the first step I, or before the first step I.

[0060] In a third step (III), the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current is determined. For better differentiation, this unit is designated with the reference symbol 8', while the other energy storage units are designated with the reference symbol 8. For this purpose, the maximum currents I are used. max,n all energy storage units 8, 8' and / or the state of charge (SOC) n all energy storage units 8, 8' compared with each other.

[0061] In a fourth step IV, a first maximum power P is determined. max,1 for the (current) series connection of all energy storage units 8, 8' (including the energy storage unit 8' with the smallest maximum current) determined, in particular calculated.

[0062] The first maximum power P max,1 This results in: Pmax,1=Imin∑n=1N(Un)

[0063] Here, N is the total number of energy storage units 8,8' in the series circuit, and I min equal to the smallest absolute value of the maximum currents I max,n .

[0064] In the fourth step IV, a second maximum power P is still being determined. max,2 for a (not yet realized or not yet realized) series connection of all energy storage units 8 without the energy storage unit 8' with the smallest maximum current I max determined, in particular calculated. Thus, the second maximum power P is determined. max,2 intended for a (further) series circuit in which the energy storage unit 8' with the smallest maximum current I max is switched off, but the other, especially all other, energy storage units 8 are connected in series.

[0065] The second maximum power P max,2 This results in Pmax,2=Imin'∑n=1N−1(Un)

[0066] Here, N is the total number of energy storage units 8,8' in the series circuit, with the Nth energy storage unit being the one with the smallest maximum current I. max,n is, and I min ' equal to the smallest absolute value of the maximum currents I max,n of the other energy storage units 8 of the (further) series connection, i.e. the smallest absolute value of the maximum currents of the energy storage units 8 without the Nth energy storage unit 8'.

[0067] In step V, the second maximum power P is first determined. max,2 with the first maximum power P max,1 compared. Subsequently, the energy storage unit 8' with the lowest maximum current is switched off when the second maximum power P max,2 greater than the first maximum power P max,1 is and provided the performance requirement P soll exceeds a predefined threshold S.

[0068] If these criteria are not met, the energy storage unit 8' is not switched off. In particular, battery 4 continues to operate with all energy storage units 8, 8' connected in series without any changes.

[0069] In the Fig. Figure 1 represents a switched-off state, exemplified for the battery cell at the bottom of the drawing plane. Here, the first switch 10a, assigned to this energy storage unit 8', is switched to block current, and the second switch 10b is switched to conduct current.

[0070] If, in step V, the energy storage unit 8' with the lowest maximum current was switched off, in a sixth step VI this energy storage unit 8' is switched back into series with the other energy storage units 8 if a predetermined time period has elapsed after the energy storage unit 8' with the lowest maximum current was switched off, if the power requirement P sollhas been reduced by a predetermined amount and / or falls below a predetermined threshold, and / or when the state of charge (SOC) changes n at least one of the energy storage units 8 has changed by a predetermined amount.

[0071] For this purpose, the first switch 10a assigned to the energy storage unit 8' with the smallest maximum current is expediently switched to conduct current and the second switch 10b assigned to this energy storage unit 8' is switched to block current.

[0072] The following is a numerical example to illustrate the procedure. For the sake of clarity, it is simplified to assume that the battery comprises 96 battery cells as energy storage units, 95 of which have a voltage U. n of 3712 mV, a maximum current of 650 A and / or a state of charge (SOC) nof 55%. The other battery cell (i.e., the one not included in the 95 battery cells), battery cell 8', has a voltage U. N of 3704 mV, a maximum current I max,N of 621.4 A and / or a state of charge (SOC) N from 54%.

[0073] This results in Pmax,1 being: Pmax,1=Imin∑n=1N(Un)=621.4A⋅(95⋅3712 mV+3704 mV)=221.4kW and Pmax,2=Imin'∑n=1N−1(Un)=650 A⋅(95⋅3712 mV)=229.21 kW

[0074] Thus, when the battery cell with the lowest maximum current is switched off, the power output of battery 4 is increased.

[0075] The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Rather, other variants of the invention can also be derived by a person skilled in the art within the scope of the claims, without departing from the subject matter of the invention. In particular, all individual features described in connection with the embodiments and / or in the claims can also be combined with one another in other ways without departing from the subject matter of the invention. Reference symbol list 2 motor vehicles 4 batteries 6 consumers 8.8' energy storage units 10a, 10b switch 12 Control unit I max,n maximum current of an energy storage unit U n Voltage of an energy storage unit P max,1 first maximum power P max,2 second maximum power SOC nState of charge of an energy storage unit I Receipt of a service request II Determination of the voltage and maximum currents for the energy storage units III. Determination of the energy storage unit with the smallest maximum current IV Determination of the first and second maximum power V Switching off the energy storage unit with the lowest maximum current VI. Switching on the deactivated energy storage unit

Claims

[1] Method for operating a battery (4) which has a series connection with energy storage units (8, 8') wherein each of the energy storage units (8, 8') can be switched off from the series connection, - wherein for each of the energy storage units (8, 8') their voltage (U n ) and their maximum current (I max,n ) is determined, - based on the voltages (U n ) and, based on the maximum currents of the energy storage units (8, 8'), a first maximum power (P max,1 ) of all energy storage units connected in series (8, 8') is determined, - wherein the energy storage unit (8') with the smallest maximum current (I max,n ) is determined, - based on the voltages (U n ) and based on the maximum currents (I max,n ) of the energy storage units (8) a second maximum power (P max,2) for a series connection of the energy storage units (8) without the energy storage unit (8') with the smallest maximum current (I max,n ) is determined, - where the energy storage unit (8') with the smallest maximum current (I max,n ) is switched off from the series circuit when the second maximum power (P max,2 ) greater than the first maximum power (P max,1 ) is. [2] Method according to claim 1, characterized by , that for the determination of the energy storage unit (8') with the smallest maximum current the maximum currents (I max,n ) of all energy storage units (8, 8') and / or the states of charge (SOC) n ) of all energy storage units (8, 8') can be compared with each other. [3] Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that switching off the energy storage unit (8') with the smallest maximum current (I max,n ) depending on a performance requirement (P soll) to the battery (4). [4] Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that the disconnected energy storage unit (8') is reconnected in series with the other energy storage units (8), - if a predetermined period of time has elapsed after switching off, - if the performance requirement has been reduced by a predetermined amount and / or falls below a predetermined threshold, and / or - when the state of charge (SOC) n ) at least one of the energy storage units (8) has changed by a predetermined amount. [5] Battery (4), in particular traction battery for an electrically powered motor vehicle (2) - a series circuit with energy storage units (8, 8'), wherein each of the energy storage units (8, 8') can be switched off from the series circuit, as well as - with a control device (12) for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 4. [6] Electrically powered motor vehicle (2) with a battery (4) which is designed according to claim 5 and / or is operated and / or can be operated according to the method according to one of claims 1 to 4.

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