Explosive device and its construction method

Abstract

The present disclosure presents an explosive device and its construction method, wherein the explosive device comprises: several first explosive assemblies, the first explosive assemblies comprising: several first charge rollers and several first water rollers, wherein the several first charge rollers and the several first water rollers are each arranged in a first blast hole in a target blast surface, and the first water rollers are provided with a first water solution, wherein the first water solution is designed to enhance the explosive effect;Several second blasting assemblies, the second blasting assemblies comprising: several second charge rollers and several second water rollers, the several second charge rollers and the several second water rollers each being arranged in a second blast hole of the target blast area, and the second water rollers being provided with a second water solution, the second water solution being designed to enhance a dust adhesion effect; the several second blasting assemblies being arranged around the several first blasting assemblies. With the blasting device and its construction method provided by the present disclosure, the construction environment of the target blast area can be effectively improved, and at the same time, the blasting costs of the target blast area can be reduced.

Description

Technical area

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of blasting technology and in particular to a blasting device and its construction method. Background technology

[0002] Explosives are required for blasting during tunnel excavation. However, blasting consumes more explosives, leading to higher blasting costs, and also generates larger quantities of dust. As the excavation depth increases, ventilation becomes increasingly difficult, ultimately resulting in an extremely poor tunneling environment, leading to longer process cycle times, slower progress, and higher costs.

[0003] DE 10 2023 108 911 B3 discloses a precision-guided blasting cartridge and a corresponding excavation method for railway tunnels in expansive soft rock. The blasting cartridge comprises a cartridge body and groups of blast holes, each group containing a plurality of rhombic through-holes. When an explosive inside the cartridge body is detonated, the energy of the explosive is released through the rhombic through-holes.

[0004] DE 19 00 146 A relates to a blasting method, a compound charge for blasting work, and an explosive auxiliary charge for the method and the compound charge. The blasting method is characterized in that a main blast column, a column of powdered metal or metalloid, and an explosive auxiliary charge with a higher detonation velocity than the main charge are introduced into a blast hole, wherein the auxiliary charge is present in such a quantity that it is able to disperse the powdered metal or metalloid surrounding the auxiliary charge and in contact with the main charge, and that both charges are detonated.

[0005] US Patent 4,716,967 A discloses a method for fracturing an underground formation by burning a specific quantity of fuel in an uncased borehole, producing a large quantity of high-pressure combustion products. These gases rapidly flow into the formation, causing the fractures. For this purpose, a thermal detonator is placed in the borehole, and a specific quantity of fuel and oxidizer is introduced around the detonator. The fuel and oxidizer are fluid materials and are either pumped or poured into the borehole.

[0006] CN 1 14 413 699 B relates to the technical field of blasting technology and discloses a self-expanding tablet for sealing a blast hole, as well as a method for its manufacture and use. The self-expanding tablet is manufactured by taking a self-expanding agent as a base, adding a wetting agent, an adhesive, a water-absorbing agent, and an activator, mixing everything uniformly, extruding, granulating, drying, sieving, and tableting.

[0007] CN 1 04 964 620 A relates to the field of blasting technology and discloses a specific method for effectively reducing the generation of toxic and harmful gases (i.e., blasting dust) during blasting. The method is particularly suitable for modern industrial mining, quarrying, and controlled blasting in urban development and road construction, etc.

[0008] CN 1 03 398 638 A discloses a method for determining the detonation distance of explosives in a borehole during blasting. For this purpose, a primary charge and a secondary charge are placed in a test borehole, the distance between them being varied for different detonations. Contents of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide an improved blasting device and a corresponding construction method which enables particularly efficient and low-emission blasting.

[0010] The aforementioned problem is solved by an explosive device according to claim 1 and a construction method according to claim 9. Advantageous further developments are described in the further dependent claims.

[0011] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the first aspect of the present disclosure provides an explosive device comprising: several first explosive assemblies, wherein the first explosive assemblies comprise: several first charge rollers and several first water rollers, wherein the several first charge rollers and the several first water rollers are each arranged in a first blast hole in a target blast area, and the first water rollers are provided with a first water solution, wherein the first water solution is designed to enhance the explosive effect;several second blast assemblies, the second blast assemblies comprising: several second charge rollers and several second water rollers, the several second charge rollers and the several second water rollers each being arranged in a second blast hole of the target blast surface, and the second water rollers being provided with a second water solution, the second water solution being designed to enhance a dust adhesion effect; the several second blast assemblies being arranged around the several first blast assemblies.

[0012] Optionally, the first water solution is a povidone-iodine solution.

[0013] Optionally, the concentration of the povidone-iodine solution is 0.04% and the ethanol content in the povidone-iodine solution is in the range of 60.0% to 70.0%.

[0014] Optionally, the multiple first charge rollers are provided continuously in the first blast hole, forming a continuous blast source, and the multiple first water rollers are provided at both ends of the continuous blast source.

[0015] Optionally, the second aqueous solution is a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution.

[0016] Optionally, the concentration of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution is 0.6%.

[0017] Optionally, the multiple second charge rollers in the second blast hole are spaced apart from each other and form a distributed blast source, and the multiple second water rollers are arranged at the ends of the distributed blast source and in the gaps between the distributed blast source.

[0018] Optionally, the first blast assembly further comprises: a first blocking element, wherein the first blocking element is arranged at an opening of the first blast hole; and / or, the second blast assembly further comprises: a second blocking element, wherein the second blocking element is arranged at the opening of the second blast hole.

[0019] The second aspect of the present disclosure provides a method for constructing an explosive device according to the first aspect of the present disclosure, comprising: drilling and setting several first blast holes in a target blast area and drilling and setting several second blast holes around the several first blast holes; installing several first blast assemblies in each of the several first blast holes and installing several second blast assemblies in each of the several second blast holes; sequentially detonating a first charge roll of the several first blast assemblies and a second charge roll of the several second blast assemblies along a direction from the center of the target blast area to the perimeter; ventilating the target blast area depending on the air quality of the target blast area and removing the slag from the target blast area.

[0020] Optionally, the target blast area is a tunnel face, and the construction method further comprises the following: sequential subdivision of the several first blast holes into cavity holes and auxiliary holes along the direction from the center of the tunnel face to the perimeter, and subdivision of the first blast holes at the bottom of the tunnel face into bottom holes, and subdivision of the second blast holes into perimeter holes; sequential detonation of a first charge roll of the first blast assembly in the cavity holes, a first charge roll of the first blast assembly in the auxiliary holes, a second charge roll of the second blast assembly in the perimeter holes, and a first charge roll of the first blast assembly in the bottom holes.

[0021] The technical solutions provided by this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects: By utilizing the blast enhancement effect of the first solution, explosive consumption can be reduced without diminishing the blast effect. Furthermore, by utilizing the dust adhesion enhancement effect of the second solution, the adhesion of water mist to dust can be increased. Therefore, the construction environment of the target blast area can be effectively improved, and simultaneously, blasting costs for the target blast area can be reduced by leveraging the interaction of multiple first charge rolls and multiple first water rolls, as well as the interaction of multiple second charge rolls and multiple second water rolls. This shortens the process cycle time, accelerates construction progress, and reduces construction costs.

[0022] Additional aspects and benefits of the present revelation are partly mentioned in the following description, partly become apparent from the following description, or result from the practice of the present revelation. Figures

[0023] The aforementioned and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and easily understandable from the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the first explosive assembly in the explosive device, which is provided by embodiments of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the second explosive assembly in the explosive device, which is provided by embodiments of the present disclosure; Fig.3 is a schematic structural diagram of the target blast area in the blast device provided by embodiments of the present disclosure; Fig. Figure 4 is a schematic flowchart of the construction method of the explosive device provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0024] As shown in the figures: 1. First blasting assembly, 11. First blasting roller, 12. First water roller, 13. First blocking element; 2. Second blasting assembly, 21. Second blasting roller, 22. Second water roller, 23. Second blocking element; 3. Target blasting area, 31. First blast hole, 32. Second blast hole, 33. First working area, 34. Second working area, 35. Third working area, 36. Fourth working area. Specific embodiments

[0025] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the attached drawings, where identical or similar reference numerals consistently denote identical or similar elements or elements with identical or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and serve only to illustrate the present disclosure and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure. On the contrary, the disclosed embodiments include all changes, modifications, and equivalents that fall within the spirit and scope of the attached claims.

[0026] As in the Fig. 1 and Fig.2 shown, the blasting device provided by embodiments of the present disclosure comprises the following: several first blasting assemblies 1 and several second blasting assemblies 2, wherein the first blasting assemblies 1 comprise the following: several first charge rollers 11 and several first water rollers 12, wherein the several first charge rollers 11 and the several first water rollers 12 are each arranged in a first blast hole 31 in a target blast area 3 and the first water rollers 12 are provided with a first water solution, wherein the first water solution is designed to enhance the blasting effect;wherein the second blasting assemblies 2 comprise: several second charge rollers 21 and several second water rollers 22, wherein the several second charge rollers 21 and the several second water rollers 22 are each arranged in a second blast hole 32 of the target blast area 3 and the second water rollers 22 are provided with a second water solution, wherein the second water solution is designed to enhance a dust adhesion effect; wherein the several second blasting assemblies 2 are arranged around the several first blasting assemblies 1.

[0027] Since the multiple first charge rolls 11 and the multiple first water rolls 12 are each arranged in a first blast hole 31 in a target blast area 3, and the multiple second charge rolls 21 and the multiple second water rolls 22 are each arranged in a second blast hole 32 of the target blast area 3, it is understood that this enables the first charge rolls 11 and the second charge rolls 21 to utilize the incompressibility of the shock wave with respect to water during blasting, so that the explosive energy can pass through the first solution and the second solution without loss and be transferred to the rock fractures of the target blast area 3.This stress wave without energy loss is very beneficial for the crushing of rock; at the same time, the first and second solutions of the blast impact are atomized on the target blast surface 3, and the resulting film of water envelops the rock, thus preventing the formation of blast dust at the source, thereby achieving the purpose of dust reduction.

[0028] By utilizing the blast enhancement effect of the first solution, explosive consumption can be reduced without diminishing the blast effect. Furthermore, by utilizing the dust adhesion enhancement effect of the second solution, the adhesion of water mist to dust can be increased. Therefore, the construction environment of the target blast area 3 can be effectively improved by leveraging the interaction of the multiple first charge rolls 11 and the multiple first water rolls 12, as well as the interaction of the multiple second charge rolls 21 and the multiple second water rolls 22. Simultaneously, the blasting costs of the target blast area 3 are reduced, thereby shortening the process cycle time, accelerating construction progress, and lowering construction costs.

[0029] It should be noted that during the blasting process, the gas compresses the solution in the blast hole. Since the solution is a stable medium, the gas expansion causes the solution in the blast hole to generate a secondary impact, further crushing the rock and enhancing the rock fragmentation effect. Simultaneously, the water volume in the blast hole is extruded and atomized by the explosive gas, then penetrates the rock fissures and coats the rock surface to absorb the blast fumes. The blasting device of this embodiment is characterized by simple construction, low safety risk, high construction efficiency, low cost, a wide range of applications, and good effectiveness. It can be used for blasting and excavating caverns in underground projects.

[0030] The first blasting assembly 1 is designed for installation in the first blast hole 31 of the target blasting area 3 in order to fulfill the main blasting task of the target blasting area 3.

[0031] Among other things, the first charge roller 11 is designed to use explosives for detonation. The specific type of the first charge roller 11 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and there are no restrictions in this regard.

[0032] The first water cylinder 12 is designed to store the first solution and to release it under the shock wave of the explosion of the first charge cylinder 11. The specific type of the first water cylinder 12 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and there are no restrictions in this regard. The first water cylinder 12 can have a cylindrical pouch structure, and the first solution is filled into the first water cylinder 12. The larger the volume of the first solution and the greater the filling pressure, the fuller the first water cylinder 12 will be, which facilitates filling into the circular first blast hole 31 and makes installation more convenient.

[0033] The first solution is designed to enhance the blasting effect through vaporization in a high-pressure environment. The specific type of the first solution can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and there are no limitations in this regard.

[0034] The second blast assembly 2 is designed for installation in the second blast hole 32 of the target blast surface 3 in order to control the blast contour line of the target blast surface 3 and thereby form a smooth blast surface.

[0035] Among other things, the second charge reel 21 is designed to use explosives for detonation. The specific type of the second charge reel 21 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and there are no restrictions in this regard.

[0036] The second water cylinder 22 is designed to store the second solution and to release it under the shock wave of the explosion of the second water cylinder 21. The specific type of the second water cylinder 22 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and there are no restrictions in this regard. The second water cylinder 22 can have a cylindrical pouch structure, and the second solution is filled into the second water cylinder 22. The larger the volume of the second solution and the greater the filling pressure, the fuller the second water cylinder 22 will be, which facilitates filling into the circular second blast hole 32 and makes installation more convenient.

[0037] The second solution is designed to enhance the blasting effect through vaporization in a high-pressure environment. The specific type of the second solution can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and there are no limitations in this regard.

[0038] In some embodiments, the first water solution is a povidone-iodine solution.

[0039] Since the multiple first charge rolls 11 and the multiple first water rolls 12 are each arranged in a first blast hole 31 in a target blast area 3, it follows that this enables the first charge rolls 11 to utilize the incompressibility of the shock wave with respect to water during blasting, so that the explosive energy can pass through the first solution without loss and be transferred to the rock fractures of the target blast area 3. This stress wave without energy loss is very conducive to the fragmentation of rock. At the same time, the first solution of the blast impact is atomized on the target blast area 3, and the resulting water film envelops the rock, thus preventing the formation of blasting dust at the source and achieving the purpose of dust reduction. Among other things, the low boiling point properties of traces of ethanol in the first solution are used to vaporize them in a high-pressure environment.When the vapor pressure reaches the set value, the vapor is released to trigger an explosion, thus achieving the explosion amplification effect. This further reduces explosive consumption without diminishing the explosive effect. Simultaneously, the oxides in the initial solution can also play an effective disinfecting role.

[0040] It should be noted that povidone-iodine is an indeterminate combination of monomeric iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone), and the specific concentration of the povidone-iodine solution can be adjusted according to actual needs, and there is no restriction in this regard.

[0041] In some embodiments, the concentration of the povidone-iodine solution is 0.04% and the ethanol content in the povidone-iodine solution is in the range of 60.0% to 70.0%.

[0042] It is understood that the povidone-iodine solution with a concentration of 0.04% and an ethanol content of 60.0%-70.0% can effectively enhance the explosive effect of the first charge roll 11 in the first blast hole 31, thereby reducing the consumption of explosives and lowering blasting costs without impairing the explosive effect.

[0043] It should be noted that the concentration is 0.04%. For example, 50 kg of water are dissolved in 20 ml of povidone-iodine reagent.

[0044] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 1, in some embodiments the several first charge rollers 11 are provided continuously in the first blast hole 31 and form a continuous blast source, and the several first water rollers 12 are provided at both ends of the continuous blast source.

[0045] Since the multiple first charge rollers 11 are arranged continuously within the first blast hole 31 and form a continuous blast source, it is understood that this enables the multiple first charge rollers 11 to achieve a centralized blast, allowing the first blast assembly 1 to stably assume the role of the main blast. Since the multiple first water rollers 12 are arranged at both ends of the continuous blast source, the first solution in the multiple first water rollers 12 can be used during the detonation of the continuous blast source to achieve blast enhancement, dust reduction, and other purposes.

[0046] It should be noted that the specific arrangement of the multiple first charge rollers 11 and the multiple first water rollers 12 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and there is no restriction in this regard. For example, one first water roller 12 is arranged at the bottom of the first blast hole 31, two to four first water rollers 12 are arranged at the opening of the first blast hole 31, and several first charge rollers 11 are arranged continuously between the one first water roller 12 and the two to four first water rollers 12.

[0047] In some embodiments, the second aqueous solution is a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution.

[0048] Since the multiple secondary charge rollers 21 and the multiple secondary water rollers 22 are each arranged in a secondary blast hole 32 of the target blast surface 3, it is understood that this enables the secondary charge rollers 21 to utilize the incompressibility of the shock wave with respect to water during blasting, so that the explosive energy can pass through the secondary solution without loss and be transferred to the rock fractures of the target blast surface 3. This stress wave without energy loss is very conducive to the fragmentation of rock; simultaneously, the secondary solution of the blast impact is atomized on the target blast surface 3, and the resulting water film envelops the rock, thus preventing the formation of blasting dust at the source and thereby achieving the purpose of dust reduction.

[0049] The use of the anions of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution can achieve an adhesion enhancement effect, which effectively improves the construction environment of the target blast area 3, thereby reducing the process cycle time, accelerating construction progress and lowering construction costs.

[0050] It should be noted that sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution is a commonly used anionic surfactant. The operating principle of dust removal is mainly based on the following aspects.

[0051] Surface tension reduction: Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) can reduce the surface tension of water, making it easier to wet and penetrate dust particles, thus removing surface-adherent dust; Emulsification: As a surfactant, SDBS can promote the mixing of oil and water into a stable emulsion, and in dust removal, it emulsifies oily dirt, making it easier to wash away; Dispersion: SDBS helps to disperse aggregated dust particles into individual particles that can be carried away by the water flow to prevent re-deposition of dust; Foaming action: Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate readily forms foams in aqueous solutions, and these foams can absorb and transport dust particles, aiding the cleaning process.Wetting effect: SDBS can also increase the softness and smoothness of the fibers, reduce the generation of static electricity, and decrease the likelihood of dust accumulating on the surface.

[0052] The specific concentration of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution can be adjusted according to actual needs, and there are no restrictions in this regard.

[0053] In some embodiments, the concentration of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution is 0.6%.

[0054] It is understood that a 0.6% concentration of a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution can effectively enhance the adhesion effect of water mist, which effectively improves the construction environment of the target blast area 3, thereby shortening the process cycle time, accelerating construction progress and reducing construction costs.

[0055] It should be noted that the concentration is 0.6%. For example, 50 kg of water are dissolved in 0.3 kg of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate reagent.

[0056] As in Fig. 2 shown, in some embodiments the several second charge rollers 21 are spaced apart from each other in the second blast hole 32 and form a distributed blast source, and the several second water rollers 22 are arranged at the ends of the distributed blast source and in the gaps between the distributed blast source.

[0057] Since the multiple second charge rollers 21 are spaced apart from one another in the second blast hole 32 and form a distributed blast source, it is understood that this enables the multiple second charge rollers 21 to achieve a distributed blast, allowing the second blast assembly 2 to stably assume the role of the auxiliary blast. Since the multiple second water rollers 22 are arranged at both ends of the continuous blast source, the first solution in the multiple second water rollers 22 can be used during the blast of the distributed blast source to achieve blast enhancement, dust reduction, and other purposes.

[0058] It should be noted that the specific arrangement of the multiple second charge rollers 21 and the multiple second water rollers 22 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and there is no restriction in this regard. For example, one second water roller 22 is arranged at the bottom of the second blast hole 32, two to four second water rollers 22 are arranged at the opening of the second blast hole 32, and several second charge rollers 11 are spaced apart between the one second water roller 22 and the two to four second water rollers 22. To prevent excessive excavation, the charge quantity in the second blast hole 32 is small, and generally, the second charge roller 21 is controlled within four nodes.

[0059] As in Fig.As shown in Figure 1, in some embodiments the first blast assembly 1 further comprises the following: a first blocking element 13, wherein the first blocking element 13 is arranged at an opening of the first blast hole 31.

[0060] Since the first blocking body 13 is arranged at the opening of the first blast hole 31, it is understood that the several first charge rollers 11 and the several first water rollers 12 can be blocked by the first blocking body 13 in the first blast hole 31, thereby ensuring a stable detonation of the first charge rollers 11 and the first water rollers 12 in the first blast hole 31.

[0061] As in Fig. 2 shown, in some embodiments the second blast assembly further comprises the following: a second blocking body 23, wherein the second blocking body 23 is arranged at the opening of the second blast hole 32.

[0062] Since the second blocking body 23 is arranged at the opening of the second blast hole 32, it is understood that the several second charge rollers 21 and the several second water rollers 22 can be blocked by the second blocking body 23 in the second blast hole 32, thereby ensuring a stable detonation of the second charge rollers 21 and the second water rollers 22 in the second blast hole 32.

[0063] It should be noted that the first blocking element 13 serves to seal and block the first blast hole 31, and the second blocking element 23 serves to seal and block the second blast hole 32. The specific types of the first blocking element 13 and the second blocking element 23 can be selected according to actual requirements, and there is no restriction in this regard.

[0064] As in Fig.As shown in 4, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a construction method for an explosive device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, which comprises the following: Step S1: Drilling and setting several first blast holes 31 in a target blast area 3 and drilling and setting several second blast holes 32 around the several first blast holes 31; Step S2: Install several first blast assemblies 1 in each of the several first blast holes 31 and install several second blast assemblies 2 in each of the several second blast holes 32; Step S3: sequential ignition of a first charge roll 11 of the several first explosive assemblies 1 and a second charge roll 21 of the several second explosive assemblies 2 along a direction from the center of the target blast area 3 to the perimeter; Step S4: Ventilating the target blast area 3 depending on the air quality of the target blast area 3 and removing the slag from the target blast area 3.

[0065] It is understood that several first blast holes 31 and several second blast holes 32 are drilled successively on the target blast area 3, and that these several first blast holes 31 and several second blast holes 32 are used to install several first blast assemblies 1 and several second blast assemblies 2 on the target blast area 3. Subsequently, the target blast area 3 is blasted by detonating the several first charge rolls 11 in the first blast assemblies 1 and the several second charge rolls 21 in the second blast assemblies 2. Finally, ventilation and slag removal from the target blast area 3 serve to achieve a safe and efficient construction of the target blast area 3.

[0066] It should be noted that before step S1, the blasting parameter design, measurements and sampling are required, and after step S1, the assumption of the borehole depth and direction, as well as the solution configuration, are required.

[0067] In particular, the following applies to blasting parameter design: In conjunction with the actual situation of the engineering geology, the best blasting parameters are determined by blasting tests.

[0068] For measurements and sampling: The first blast hole 31 and the second blast hole 32 of the target blast area 3 are positioned and laid out to determine the positions of the first blast hole 31 and the second blast hole 32 and to mark them with red paint.

[0069] For determining borehole depth and direction: After drilling the first blast hole 31 and the second blast hole 32 is completed, the first blast hole 31 and the second blast hole 32 are inspected, primarily with regard to the depth and angle of the blast holes, provided they meet the parameters requirements finalized by the plan. (The spacing and angles of the blast holes are determined solely by conventional blasting parameters.) Unsuitable blast holes should be plugged, sealed, and re-drilled.

[0070] For solution preparation: Use the solid powdered reagent containing sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate at the optimal concentration of 0.6% and the povidone-iodine reagent at the optimal concentration of 0.04%, and pour each into a water bag for preparation. The configured first and second solutions are injected into the first water roll 12 and the second water roll 22 of the extruded self-sealing mouth using a drain-tube water injection device and stored centrally in preparation for filling the blast holes.

[0071] For step S1, operators can fully utilize the platform of the drill and blast rig to drill blast holes in blocks. Within the area marked in red on target blast area 3, operators use a hand-held pneumatic drill (YT-28) or multi-arm drills to drill the blast holes. The blast holes are drilled strictly according to the final established parameters, and the blast hole spacing and angle adhere strictly to traditional blasting parameters.

[0072] For step S4, ventilation and smoke extraction in the tunnel begin immediately after the blasting is complete. An axial fan with 110 kW x 2 is installed at each tunnel entrance, and high-pressure ventilation is used. The ventilation time is determined based on the local air quality, which is monitored by the on-site multifunctional gas detector.

[0073] For step S4, after completion of the blasting and excavation work, the slag removal structure is constructed during the ventilation process. The 1.6 m 3 A large hydraulic backhoe loader is used to remove the slag. The LZ50C loader loads the slag into a 20-ton dump truck, and the 20-ton dump truck transports the slag to the designated slag heap.

[0074] After the slag cleaning is complete, the operators can carry out the construction of anchor bolts, the hanging of steel mesh, the setup of arch support, concrete splash guards, etc. on the excavation area according to the process requirements.

[0075] As in Fig. Figure 3 shows that in some embodiments the target blast area 3 is a tunnel face, and the construction method further comprises the following: sequential subdivision of the several first blast holes 31 into cavity holes and auxiliary holes along the direction from the center of the tunnel face to the perimeter, and subdivision of the first blast holes 31 at the bottom of the tunnel face into bottom holes, and subdivision of the second blast holes 32 into circumferential holes; sequential ignition of a first charge roll 11 of the first explosive assembly 1 in the hollow holes, a first charge roll 11 of the first explosive assembly 1 in the auxiliary holes, a second charge roll 21 of the second explosive assembly 2 in the circumferential holes and a first charge roll 11 of the first explosive assembly 1 in the bottom holes.

[0076] It is understood that the several initial blast holes 31 and the several secondary blast holes 32 on the tunnel face are each subdivided into excavation holes, auxiliary holes, bottom holes, and circumferential holes. And according to the sequence of excavation holes, auxiliary holes, circumferential holes, and bottom holes, the charge reels in each blast hole are detonated successively, so that a high-quality blasting of the tunnel face can be achieved.

[0077] It should be noted that the hollowing holes, auxiliary holes and bottom holes are all first blast holes 31 and the circumferential holes are second blast holes 32.

[0078] As in Fig. As shown in 3, in some embodiments the construction method further includes the following: S21: sequential subdivision of the target blast area 3 in the direction from bottom to top into the first working area 33, the second working area 34, the third working area 35 and the fourth working area 36; S22: Drilling several evenly distributed first blast holes 31 in the first working area 33 and drilling several evenly distributed second blast holes 32 on both sides of the first working area 33, wherein the first blast holes 31 at the bottom of the first working area 33 serve as bottom holes, and the first blast holes 31 at other positions of the first working area 33 serve as auxiliary holes; S23: Reserving a first area in the middle of the second working area 34, drilling several evenly spaced first blast holes 31 on both sides of the first area and drilling several evenly spaced second blast holes 32 on both sides of the second working area 34, wherein the first blast holes 31 on both sides of the first area serve as hollowing holes, and the first blast holes 31 in the second working area 34 between the hollowing holes and the second blast holes 32 serve as auxiliary holes; S24: Reserving a second area in the middle of the third working area 35, drilling several evenly spaced first blast holes 31 on both sides of the second area and drilling several evenly spaced second blast holes 32 on both sides of the third working area 35, the first blast holes 31 on both sides of the second area serving as hollowing holes, and the first blast holes 31 in the third working area 35 between the hollowing holes and the second blast holes 32 serving as auxiliary holes; S25: Drilling several evenly distributed first blast holes 31 in the fourth working area 36 and drilling several evenly distributed second blast holes 32 on both sides and top in the fourth working area 36, ​​wherein the first blast holes 31 in the fourth working area 36 all serve as auxiliary holes.

[0079] It is understood that the target blast area 3 is divided into a first working area 33, a second working area 34, a third working area 35 and a fourth working area 36, ​​and the hollowing holes, auxiliary holes, bottom holes and circumferential holes are arranged according to the positions of each working area, thereby ensuring a high-quality blast of the target blast area 3.

[0080] It should be noted that by reserving a first area in the middle of the second working area 34 and reserving a second area in the middle of the third working area 35 not only is a high blasting quality achieved at the target blasting area 3, but the arrangement of the working frame at the target blasting area 3 is also facilitated, thereby ensuring a highly efficient blasting of the target blasting area 3.

[0081] The specific arrangements of the multiple first blast holes 31 and the multiple second blast holes 32 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and there is no restriction in this regard. For example, in the first working area 33, eighteen first blast holes 31 are drilled, and from bottom to top, there are three rows with nine first blast holes 31 in each row. The first blast holes 31 in the bottom row all serve as bottom holes, and on both sides of the first working area 33, four second blast holes 32 are drilled on each side, for a total of eight second blast holes 32.On both sides of the first area of ​​the second working area 34, fourteen first blast holes 31 are drilled, for a total of twenty-eight first blast holes 31, of which the eight first blast holes 31 on both sides of the first area serve as hollowing holes and the remaining twenty first blast holes 31 serve as auxiliary holes; and on both sides of the second working area 34, four second blast holes 32 are drilled, for a total of eight second blast holes 32; on both sides of the second area of ​​the third working area 35, fourteen first blast holes 31 are drilled, for a total of twenty-eight first blast holes 31, of which the eight first blast holes 31 on both sides of the second area serve as hollowing holes and the remaining twenty first blast holes 31 serve as auxiliary holes; and on both sides of the third working area 35, four second blast holes 32 are drilled, for a total of eight second blast holes 32;In the fourth working area 36, ​​eleven first blast holes 31 are drilled, all of which serve as auxiliary holes, and seventeen second blast holes 32 are drilled on both sides and on the top of the fourth working area 36. As a result, several pitting holes, auxiliary holes, and bottom holes are arranged on the tunnel face, except in the central area, and several circumferential holes are arranged around the tunnel face.

[0082] Among other things, this is due to the enhanced effect of hydraulic splitting and steam blasting at the moment of detonation. The detonation wave causes the dust to rise rapidly within a very short time. The first water rollers 12 in the first blast hole 31 and the second water rollers 22 in the second blast hole 32 are extruded and atomized by the blasting gas and subsequently diffused into the air, causing the dust content to drop rapidly for the first time and simultaneously significantly reducing peak dust concentrations. The remaining unencapsulated dust will then settle rapidly a second time under the influence of ventilation until the dust content of the target blast area 3 meets the requirements. Example implementation:

[0083] The rocks encountered for the L5 tunnel project, as part of the tender for the project competition, consist mainly of shale, shale with inclusions of sandstone and basalt, meaning both softer and harder rocks. The rock mass is fractured, and groundwater activity is low, classified as closed rock (grade III-V). The tunnel's clear dimensions are 9.5 m (width) × 5.0 m (height). During drill and blast excavation, the maximum depth is 1.2 km, as single-head excavation is used. Ventilation and fume extraction become extremely difficult as excavation progresses, and the tunneling environment deteriorates significantly, directly leading to longer process cycle times, slower progress, and higher costs.To ensure the quality and progress of tunnel excavation and to improve the quality of the tunnel construction environment, the "smooth blasting technique with hydraulic splitting and dust reduction" was investigated and implemented, taking into account the actual on-site conditions and construction difficulties. This includes the blasting device and its construction method as described in the present embodiment. This technology not only solves the environmental quality problem of L5 long tunnel blasting and excavation but also shortens the blasting cycle time, accelerates the process, improves the quality of the excavation, and reduces explosive consumption per unit.

[0084] The main effects are as follows: (1) Economic benefits: 1. Economic efficiency of blasting operations.

[0085] Using the blasting device and the construction method of the blasting device in this embodiment, the cost of a single-cycle blasting operation is saved by approximately 193 yuan. This equates to 55 yuan per linear meter. Comparison of parameters between conventional blasting and blasting according to the present embodiment Blasting type Blasting depth (m) Utilization of the blasting hole Explosive consumption per cycle Explosives consumption per unit Ventilation time Residual hole rate Conventional blasting 3,5 89% 261kg 0,97kg / m 3 90 min 85% Blasting according to the present example 3,5 95% 240kg 0,89kg / m 3 40 min 95% Comparison of labor costs between conventional blasting and blasting according to the present embodiment Blasting type Drill Water bag treatment Sludge treatment charge Conventional blasting 18 people 0 people 0 people 15 people Blasting according to the present example 18 people 0.5 people 0.5 people 15 people Comparison of labor costs between conventional single-cycle blasting and blasting according to the present embodiment. Object name Conventional blasting Blasting according to the present example Unit price Price difference explosive 261kg 240kg 8,2 -172,2 Igniter 135 pieces 135 pieces 4,8 0 Labor costs 18 people 19 people 150 / 120 120 Electricity costs (ventilation costs) 95 min 40 min 0.8 Yuan / kWh -202 Purchase costs for water bags 500 pieces 0.12 yuan / piece 60 In total -193 2. Cost-effectiveness of controlling over- and under-excavation.

[0086] Using the blasting device and the blasting device construction method in this embodiment, the average excess excavation volume per linear meter of Class III rock surrounding the tunnel is reduced by 1.18 m³. 3 reduced, the shotcrete is reduced by 0.65 m 3 per linear meter saved, the excess amount of lining concrete per linear meter is reduced by 1.18 m 3 Savings amount to approximately 1294.7 yuan per linear meter. Comparison of the costs of over- and under-excavation per linear meter between conventional blasting and blasting according to the present embodiment Object name Conventional blasting Blasting according to the present example Unit price Price difference (Yuan) Average excavation depth (cm) 11,2 8,7 Maximum excavation (cm) 20,6 16,6 Excavation area (m²) 3 ) 4,02 2,84 Spritzbeton (m 3 ) 3,42 2,77 826.67 yuan / m² 3 537,3 Overcrowding 4,02 2,84 641.86 yuan / m² 3 757,4 In total 1294,7 3. Estimated total benefit.

[0087] Using the blasting device and the blasting device construction method in this embodiment, the cost savings per linear meter of Class III tunnel rock = cost savings per linear meter for blasting operations + savings per linear meter for above- and below-ground excavation = 55 + 1294.7 = 1349.7 Yuan.

[0088] The surrounding rock of Stage III of the L5 motorway tunnel, as part of the project competition tender, totals 770 meters, and the estimated total cost savings amount to 770 × 1349.7 = 1,039,269 yuan = 1,039 thousand yuan. Following the use of the blasting device and the construction method of the blasting device in this embodiment, the dust content in the cave is significantly reduced, and the air quality in the cave, as well as the uniform blasting effect, is considerably improved.

[0089] The blasting device and the construction method of the blasting device in this embodiment were successfully implemented in the tunnel of the project. The safety of the excavation work was increased, and no injuries or other accidents occurred during the construction process; it reduces the generation of blasting fumes and dust in the tunnel and improves air quality during tunnel construction; the application of this method reduces the consumption of explosives per unit, resulting in energy savings and reduced consumption.

[0090] Information on improving the construction environment can be found in the following table. Comparison table of air quality in blast holes between conventional blasting and blasting according to the present embodiment. Object name Qualification value Conventional blasting Blasting according to the present example Peak value Qualification time (min) Peak value Qualification time (min) Dust content Less than 400mg / m² 3 ca.3500mg / m 3 95 ca.1500mg / m 3 45 CO content Less than 50 ppm 664ppm 80 457ppm 65 Hydrogen sulfide content Less than 10 mg / m² 3 0mg / m 3 / 0mg / m 3 / Flammable gas Less than 5% of the lower explosive limit 0mg / m 3 / 0mg / m 3 / oxygen No less than 20% 20,8 / 23,1 /

[0091] It should be noted that in the description of this disclosure, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying a relative meaning. Furthermore, "several" in the description of this disclosure means two or more, unless otherwise specified.

[0092] All process or method descriptions presented herein, whether in flowcharts or otherwise, can be understood as representing modules, segments, or parts of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical functions or steps of the process. The scope of preferred embodiments of this disclosure includes additional embodiments. Functions may be executed in a different order than that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the function involved. This should be understandable to general technical personnel in the technical field to which the embodiments of this disclosure belong.

[0093] In the description of this specification, reference to the terms “an embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “example”, “specific example”, or “some examples”, or the like, means that certain features, structures, materials, or properties associated with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this description, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials, or properties may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

Claims

[1] Explosive device, characterized by , that it includes: several first blasting assemblies (1), wherein the first blasting assemblies (1) comprise the following: several first charge rollers (11) and several first water rollers (12), wherein the several first charge rollers (11) and the several first water rollers (12) are each arranged in a first blast hole (31) in a target blast area (3) and the first water rollers (12) are provided with a first water solution, wherein the first water solution is designed to enhance the blast effect; several second blast assemblies (2), wherein the second blast assemblies (2) comprise: several second charge rollers (21) and several second water rollers (22), wherein the several second charge rollers (21) and the several second water rollers (22) are each arranged in a second blast hole (32) of the target blast surface (3) and the second water rollers (22) are provided with a second water solution, wherein the second water solution is designed to enhance a dust adhesion effect; wherein the multiple second explosive assemblies (2) are arranged around the multiple first explosive assemblies (1). [2] Explosive device according to claim 1, characterized by that the first water solution is a povidone-iodine solution. [3] Explosive device according to claim 2, characterized by , that the concentration of the povidone-iodine solution is 0.04% and the ethanol content in the povidone-iodine solution is in the range of 60.0% to 70.0%. [4] Explosive device according to claim 1, characterized by , that the several first charge rollers (11) are provided continuously in the first blast hole (31) and form a continuous blast source, and that the several first water rollers (12) are provided at both ends of the continuous blast source. [5] Explosive device according to claim 1, characterized by that the second aqueous solution is a sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution. [6] Explosive device according to claim 5, characterized by that the concentration of the sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution is 0.6%. [7] Explosive device according to claim 1, characterized by , that the several second charge rollers (21) in the second blast hole (32) are spaced apart from each other and form a distributed blast source, and that the several second water rollers (22) are arranged at the ends of the distributed blast source and in the gaps between the distributed blast source. [8] Explosive device according to claim 1, characterized by , that the first blast assembly (1) further comprises: a first blocking element (13), wherein the first blocking element (13) is arranged at an opening of the first blast hole (31); and / or, that the second blast assembly (2) further comprises: a second blocking element (23), wherein the second blocking element (23) is arranged at the opening of the second blast hole (32). [9] Construction method of an explosive device according to one of claims 1-8, characterized by , that it includes the following: Drilling and setting several initial blast holes (31) in a target blast area (3) and drilling and Setting several second blast holes (32) around the several first blast holes (31); Install several first blast assemblies (1) in each of the several first blast holes (31) and Install several second blast assemblies (2) in each of the several second blast holes (32); sequential ignition of a first charge roll (11) of the several first explosive assemblies (1) and a second charge roll (21) of the several second explosive assemblies (2) along a direction from the center of the target blast area (3) to the perimeter; Ventilation of the target blast area (3) depending on the air quality of the target blast area (3) and Removal of the slag from the target blast surface (3). [10] Construction method of an explosive device according to claim 9, characterized by , that the target blast area (3) is a tunnel face, and the construction method further comprises the following: sequential subdivision of the several first blast holes (31) into cavity holes and auxiliary holes along the direction from the center of the tunnel face to the perimeter, and subdivision of the first blast holes (31) at the bottom of the tunnel face into bottom holes, and subdivision of the second blast holes (32) into circumferential holes; sequential ignition of a first charge roll (11) of the first explosive assembly (1) in the hollowed-out holes, of a first charge roll (11) of the first explosive assembly (1) in the auxiliary holes, a second charge roll (21) of the second explosive assembly (2) in the circumferential holes and a first charge roll (11) of the first explosive assembly (1) in the bottom holes.

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