Circular timber-concrete composite ceilings in prefabricated construction

Abstract

The invention relates to a ceiling element for a building ceiling. The ceiling element is designed as a timber-concrete composite. The ceiling element comprises a timber component having one or more formwork structures, a concrete component comprising a precast slab and a cast-in-place concrete topping, a lattice girder, a connector, and a sleeve. The connector is inserted into the sleeve. The concrete component is connected to the timber component via the connector and / or the formwork structure.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a ceiling element for a building ceiling. The ceiling element is designed as a wood-concrete composite. The ceiling element comprises a wood component having a formwork structure, a concrete component comprising a precast slab and a cast-in-place concrete topping, a lattice girder, a connector, and a sleeve. The connector is inserted into the sleeve. The concrete component is connected to the wood component via the connector and / or the formwork structure. Background and state of the art

[0002] Lightweight composite or hybrid components, composed of several cross-sections made of different building materials, are increasingly used in construction. In these components, the individual materials contribute optimally to load transfer according to their specific material properties. This leads, among other things, to more economical utilization and dimensioning of the cross-sections used and enables larger spans with lower self-weight. In the case of timber-concrete composite structures, the use of the renewable raw material wood adds the factor of sustainability, and finite resources can be conserved. A shear-resistant connection between the timber and concrete allows the compressive stresses to be absorbed primarily by the concrete, while the tensile stresses are absorbed by the timber.

[0003] Typical wood-concrete composite components are - Beam ceiling with concrete topping (usually with permanent wooden formwork) - Staggered stacks of boards with concrete topping - Board-stacked ceiling with concrete topping - Cross-laminated timber ceiling with concrete topping - Laminated veneer lumber ceiling with concrete topping

[0004] Precast concrete slabs, also known as lattice girder construction, are built using semi-precast slabs, some of which are prefabricated in a factory and then completed on-site with cast-in-place concrete to form floor slabs. The precast portion of the slab is typically 5 to 7 cm thick and usually contains the entire bottom layer of reinforcement in the main load-bearing direction. The bottom chords of the lattice girders are embedded in the precast slab. Through their truss-like action, the lattice girders increase the shear and flexural strength, as well as the flexural stiffness, of the precast slab. In the final state of the slab, the bottom chords form part of the flexural reinforcement, while the diagonals (webs) provide bond between the precast slab and the cast-in-place concrete, as well as shear reinforcement. The lattice girders also ensure the transport and installation stiffness of the precast slabs.After alignment on the construction site, the in-situ concrete reinforcement and the topping concrete layer are added if necessary.

[0005] The use of prefabricated elements with lattice girders eliminates the need for complex and time-consuming formwork on the construction site, resulting in shorter overall construction times. Furthermore, automated reproducibility ensures a high degree of geometric accuracy. Compared to fully prefabricated elements, the weight reduction saves approximately one-third of the transport weight. Customized, order-specific manufacturing also allows for greater floor plan flexibility. This construction method also enables overlapping joints across different elements. Lattice girder construction in precast concrete slabs has established itself as an economical solution for flat slabs with a constant thickness, although it does involve high material consumption.

[0006] Classic joining techniques for shear-resistant connections of the aforementioned materials involve mechanical bonding, primarily using metallic fasteners such as screws and shear connectors. While concrete and wood are regulated by standards, the fasteners themselves are not covered by a universally applicable standard. Therefore, they require building authority approval, which necessitates extensive verification for each new project. This is due to the requirement to determine the bond stiffness. The multitude of fasteners that must be used also results in a significant increase in construction time. Metallic fasteners, such as screws and shear connectors, are typically embedded in concrete and inaccessible. Bonding the individual cross-sections can also be used to create the bond. In this case, a nearly rigid connection can be assumed.

[0007] The positive-locking connection using shaped structures, such as cams or notches, requires only a small number of metallic fasteners as so-called anti-lift devices.

[0008] The existing options do not offer the possibility of separating the building materials by type and dismantling them without damage after the end of the usage phase or for conversion, as the connecting elements used are embedded in concrete and therefore inaccessible.

[0009] Only in the case of HBV modular construction (HBV prefabricated ceilings completely prefabricated in the factory) would the continued use of the HBV module be conceivable; however, non-destructive separation of the HBV module is not possible. In times of raw material scarcity, this is urgently needed. Object of the invention

[0010] The object of the invention is to provide a ceiling element for building ceilings that eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, it is an object of the invention to ensure an efficient construction process by means of the composite structure, as well as to enable resource conservation and easy separation of building components. Summary of the invention

[0011] The problem solved by the invention is addressed by the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

[0012] In a first aspect, the invention relates to a ceiling element for a building ceiling, wherein the ceiling element is designed as a wood-concrete composite, and the ceiling element comprises the following: - A wooden component that has a shaped structure, - a concrete component comprising a precast concrete slab and a cast-in-place concrete topping, - a lattice girder, - a connecting agent and - a sleeve, wherein the connecting element is inserted into the sleeve and the concrete component is connected to the wooden component via the connecting element and / or the form structure.

[0013] The fastening of the connecting element as an anti-lift device between the partners at the composite joint can, in principle, be achieved by fastening it to the reinforcement, preferably to the lattice girder and thus to the concrete component, as well as to the timber component. A connecting channel, for example a screw channel, is preferably provided between the timber and concrete components by means of the sleeve. The ceiling element according to the invention has proven to be particularly advantageous in a multitude of aspects, which are discussed in more detail below.

[0014] Advantageously, the ceiling element according to the invention is suitable for various load situations in building construction. In particular, it can reliably absorb tensile, compressive, shear, and / or bending loads, so that no safety-compromising compromises have to be accepted. The load absorption is characterized by higher efficiency than is the case with purely wooden or concrete components. A further advantage of the ceiling element according to the invention is that a particularly simple anchoring of the tensile forces is ensured compared to previously known approaches in the prior art. This offers a simple construction without any loss of load-bearing capacity.

[0015] Furthermore, it is advantageous that the design according to the invention allows for savings in non-load-bearing wooden formwork. In civil engineering, non-load-bearing wooden formwork refers to formwork that does not have a load-bearing function in the building structure, but merely serves for shaping or protection. It is primarily used in concrete construction to bring fresh concrete into a specific shape and to support it during hardening. This type of formwork is removed after the concrete has hardened or remains in the structure as permanent formwork. It usually consists of wood or wood-based materials such as plywood or particleboard and does not permanently bear any loads. Disadvantages of using non-load-bearing wooden formwork include, among other things, the labor costs and resource consumption.Furthermore, the disposal of wooden formwork at the end of its service life is not always environmentally friendly, especially if it has been treated with chemicals or varnishes. The ceiling element according to the invention avoids these disadvantages by eliminating the need for non-load-bearing wooden formwork.

[0016] A further advantage of the ceiling element according to the invention is that it provides a detachable connection. This, in turn, makes a significant contribution to resource conservation and circularity ("cradle to cradle"), as it allows for the separation of materials by type and non-destructive dismantling for reuse of the structure as a ceiling element. This results in savings in resources, labor, emissions, and consequently, costs. The ceiling element according to the invention thus ensures high economic efficiency.

[0017] Furthermore, it is advantageous that the potential ingress of moisture, particularly in the area of ​​the formwork of the timber component, is minimized or reduced. Advantageously, additional moisture protection is not required. The concrete component is connected to the timber component, especially via the formwork, with the cast-in-place concrete topping preferably extending into the formwork. Therefore, an additional means of moisture removal is unnecessary because sufficiently reliable moisture protection is provided by the precast concrete slab itself.

[0018] In the context of the invention, the ceiling element refers to the components comprising a timber component having a form structure, a concrete component comprising a (multi-part) precast concrete slab and a continuous or jointed cast-in-place concrete topping, a connector, and a sleeve. The precast concrete slab may preferably comprise a reinforced concrete element as a semi-precast component, preferably with a lattice girder in the concrete bond joint. The ceiling element may preferably also include further components.

[0019] The length of a ceiling element according to the invention can preferably be more than 5 m, for example in the range of 8 m or more. The width of the ceiling element can preferably be approximately 2-3 m. As a continuous ceiling panel, the width is not limited.

[0020] The design of the ceiling element as a timber-concrete composite primarily means that a timber component and a concrete component are combined. This utilizes the properties of both the concrete and timber components to create and design the ceiling element. The combination of a timber and a concrete component results in a composite that unites the positive properties of both wood and concrete.

[0021] For the purposes of this invention, a timber component refers to a component of a timber-concrete composite structure and denotes a load-bearing element that is essentially made of wood. The timber component is preferably a timber beam. Within the context of the composite structure, the timber component, particularly as a timber beam, can be combined with other materials such as steel, concrete, and / or composite materials to utilize the respective advantages of the individual materials and thus optimize the performance of the entire component. The timber component is preferably a load-bearing element made of wood that is used to transfer loads in a vertical or horizontal direction. In a composite structure, the timber component is not isolated but interacts with other materials, particularly the concrete component. The composite structure can, for example, take the form of a composite beam, such as a timber beam combined with other building materials.The wooden component contributes to improving the mechanical properties of the entire ceiling element and enabling it to bear the desired loads. When wood is combined with other materials, such as concrete, a composite effect is created. The two materials work together to increase load-bearing capacity and minimize deformation.

[0022] The wooden component has one or more shaped features. A shaped feature is a geometric form incorporated into the wooden component. The shaped feature can preferably be a notch. A notch preferably refers to a depression or indentation incorporated into the wooden component. A lug preferably refers to a protrusion, i.e., in particular, a counterpart to the shape of the notch. Preferably, the wooden component has several shaped features, for example, several notches and the concrete component as a counterpart, several lugs that engage in the notch.

[0023] The concrete component preferably refers to the component of the ceiling element that comprises a precast concrete slab and a cast-in-place concrete topping.

[0024] A precast concrete slab preferably refers to a prefabricated slab, preferably a semi-precast element, comprising elements (precast components) that are preferably prefabricated in a factory from concrete and reinforcement, preferably steel (bars, mats, lattice girders), and then assembled on-site and completed with cast-in-place concrete. The temporary or interim joint between the precast concrete slab and the cast-in-place concrete is preferably reinforced at the factory. This joint can be arranged horizontally over a large area and, through surface roughness, ensure a shear-resistant bond and is preferably reinforced by lattice girders. This temporary joint can also be locally limited horizontally or vertically to the bond areas between the timber component and the concrete component, preferably in the area of ​​the formwork, whereby the precast element can be an independent building product, such as a hollow-core slab.These prefabricated elements can be made of reinforced concrete, steel sheets (statically active or non-active trapezoidal sheets) or wood (or combinations thereof).

[0025] Cast-in-place concrete topping refers to concrete (or a concrete mix) where, after the installation of the precast concrete slab described above, preferably the semi-precast element, additional (liquid) concrete (cast-in-place concrete) is poured into and onto specific areas of the slab to complete it. The hardened concrete can also be referred to as cast-in-place concrete topping. The purpose of the cast-in-place concrete topping is to complete the concrete component, close the joints between the precast elements, increase the stability and strength of the slab, and reinforce the connections between the elements. In the context of the invention, the cast-in-place concrete topping specifically contacts the formwork of the timber component. A cast-in-place concrete topping that (locally) engages the formwork enables a positive-locking and shear-resistant connection, particularly without tolerance requirements.In other words, an interlocking without tolerance requirements for the composite partners concrete and wood is advantageously achieved (compared to a fully prefabricated concrete slab with cams that is mounted on the wooden beams with form structures (notches).

[0026] The sleeve preferably refers to a receptacle for a fastener. The sleeve can preferably be attached to the lattice girder. The sleeve is preferably formed by a casing that encloses a space. This space preferably extends from the surface of the wooden component (wood-concrete contact surface) to the upper concrete surface (top of the component). The space preferably provides enough room to insert a fastener. Preferably, the sleeve is dimensioned such that a fastener can be inserted into it; that is, the sleeve preferably has a larger diameter than the insertable fastener.

[0027] A connector is a component that creates a mechanical connection between components of the ceiling element. In particular, the connector establishes a connection between the concrete component and the timber component. The cast-in-place concrete infill also plays a role in the connection to the concrete component.

[0028] The fastener is preferably a detachable fastener. A detachable fastener is one that can be detached without causing damage or destruction to any components of the assembly. In other words, a detachable fastener provides a detachable connection between the components. Examples of detachable connections, but not limited to, include bolted joints, tongue-and-groove joints, keyways, dovetail joints, connecting fittings, and / or interlocking teeth.

[0029] In the context of the invention, the combination comprising sleeve and connecting means can also be referred to as a pull connector.

[0030] A lattice girder preferably refers to a support structure comprising continuous, preferably parallel, struts made of preferably ribbed reinforcing bars, which are preferably connected by diagonals, optionally manufactured in sections, and preferably smooth reinforcing bars. The longitudinal bars and diagonals are connected to each other at the contact points, preferably by welding. A key function of the lattice girder is to increase the flexural strength of the precast element during assembly to absorb the concrete pouring loads, as well as to reinforce the shear joint between the precast element and the cast-in-place concrete topping in the final state. The lattice girder advantageously offers high stability for transport and installation while requiring little material and weight. The lattice girder is preferably connected to the precast slab and is preferably an integral part of the concrete component.

[0031] In a further preferred embodiment, the ceiling element is characterized in that the lattice girder comprises one or more top chords and one or more bottom chords, as well as preferably diagonals, wherein the one or more top chords and the one or more bottom chords are connected to each other by means of the diagonals. The top chord and the bottom chord can be oriented longitudinally or transversely to the span direction of the wooden component.

[0032] The lattice girder is preferably a prefabricated reinforcement element. The lattice girder comprises one (or more) top chord(s), one (or more) bottom chord(s), and diagonals. The diagonals may preferably be continuous or interrupted. The diagonals may preferably be connected to the top and bottom chords by means of a welded connection, preferably a resistance spot weld. The lattice girder preferably forms a beam structure in which the diagonals comprise interconnected bars (or struts), which preferably form a triangular pattern. The diagonals form a grid suitable for both tensile and compressive forces. Preferably, the top and bottom chords run parallel to each other.

[0033] The top chord is preferably an upper horizontal beam that supports the upper ends of the diagonals and the upper connection points. It primarily absorbs compressive forces.

[0034] The bottom chord is preferably the lower horizontal beam that supports the lower ends of the diagonals. It is usually subjected to tensile forces.

[0035] The diagonals connect the upper and lower beams, forming the characteristic lattice structure. These diagonals absorb both tensile and compressive forces, contributing to the stability and even distribution of the load within the lattice girder. The diagonals can preferably be made of smooth, profiled, and / or ribbed bars made of a metal, such as steel.

[0036] The lattice girder can preferably be arranged in the precast slab parallel to the span direction of the timber-concrete composite of the slab element, i.e., the lattice girder can run parallel to the timber component. The lattice girder in the precast slab can preferably be arranged directly above the timber beam (in axis) and between the timber beams. This embodiment refers to an arrangement of the lattice girder along the length of the timber component.

[0037] A lattice girder arrangement perpendicular to the timber component preferably means that the lattice girder is positioned in the precast slab perpendicular to the span direction of the timber-concrete composite of the slab element, i.e., the lattice girder can run orthogonally to the timber component. Generally, the orientation of the lattice girders depends on the dimensions of the slab element and the planned dimensions of the precast elements with regard to their fabrication.

[0038] In another preferred embodiment, the ceiling element is characterized in that the sleeve and the connecting element are attached orthogonally or obliquely to the lattice girder.

[0039] By "orthogonal mounting of the sleeve and the connector," it is preferably meant that the sleeve and the connector are aligned such that they are substantially orthogonal to a horizontal line. "Substantially orthogonal" here preferably means an angle of approximately 90°. The horizontal line can, for example, be the course of a preferred top chord and / or bottom chord of a lattice girder. It may be preferred that the horizontal line is formed by a cross-sectional profile of the concrete component. Accordingly, it may be preferred that "orthogonal mounting" means that the sleeve and the connector are mounted orthogonally, i.e., at an angle of approximately 90°, to the concrete component in a cross-section (see, e.g., [reference]). Fig. 3) It may be preferred that the horizontal line is formed by a cross-sectional profile of the concrete component. It may also be preferred that a vertical line is formed by the wooden component, for example in the form of a wooden beam (see Fig. 7), wherein preferably one long side of the wooden component (for example, a wooden beam) is aligned along the vertical line. The orthogonal installation can preferably mean that the sleeve and the connecting element are positioned parallel to the vertical line.

[0040] Preferably, an oblique mounting of the sleeve and the connecting element means that they are positioned such that they are oriented differently from an orthogonal orientation to a horizontal line. Oblique thus preferably means that there is an angle other than 90°. Accordingly, it may be preferred that the sleeve and the connecting element are mounted in a cross-section at an angle other than 90° to the concrete component (see, e.g., Fig. 5) It may be preferred that an oblique installation also means a non-parallel alignment to a vertical line, which is formed, for example, by the wooden component (e.g., in the form of a wooden beam).

[0041] In further preferred embodiments, several sleeves and connecting elements are provided. It may also be preferred that the multiple sleeves and connecting elements are partially inclined and partially orthogonal to the lattice girder (see Fig. 5).

[0042] An orthogonal mounting is advantageous because it allows for easier insertion of the fastener into the sleeve, particularly since the orientation then corresponds to the assumed force flow. On lattice girders, orthogonal mounting results in simpler assembly. Furthermore, it improves the stackability of the lattice girder.

[0043] An angled mounting offers the advantage of creating an alternative and / or optimized force flow. Furthermore, it allows for a more direct and / or shorter load transfer. Additionally, it can reduce the number of fasteners required, thereby saving time, effort, and costs.

[0044] With multiple sleeves and connecting elements, some of which are attached at an angle and some of which are attached orthogonally, the aforementioned advantages work together synergistically.

[0045] In another preferred embodiment, the sleeve is connected to the lattice girder. The connection of the sleeve to the lattice girder can preferably be achieved by a weld, adhesive bond, snap-fit ​​connection, clamp connection, and / or screw connection. The aforementioned fasteners and connection options have proven particularly advantageous for this purpose.

[0046] A welded connection advantageously provides a particularly strong, and therefore durable, long-lasting, and weather-resistant connection to the lattice girder. The sleeve can then preferably be welded on during the manufacturing process of the lattice girder or after the lattice girder has been fabricated.

[0047] Furthermore, the sleeve can also be inserted in the desired position and orientation during timber framing to serve as a connecting channel between the concrete component and the wooden component.

[0048] In a further preferred embodiment, the ceiling element is characterized in that the connecting element is a detachable connecting element, preferably selected from a group comprising screw connections and / or pin connections.

[0049] A bolted connection, i.e., a screw as a fastener, is advantageous due to its simple fastening process. Screws are standardized components that are readily available and inexpensive worldwide. Furthermore, a bolted connection allows for precise adjustment of the preload force. Therefore, a bolted connection is particularly advantageous as a detachable fastener.

[0050] A pin connection is advantageous, among other things, because it can be fixed in place, thus providing a permanently reliable connection. Furthermore, no pre-tensioning or residual tension is required. Pin connections are also inexpensive to install.

[0051] The aforementioned preferred options (without being limited to them) for a detachable fastener emphasize the simple construction of the ceiling element.

[0052] In another preferred embodiment, the ceiling element is characterized in that a plug is attached to the sleeve.

[0053] In the context of the invention, the plug preferably refers to a superior component that preferably fulfills a protective function.

[0054] To provide protection during a concreting process, "plugs" can be arranged at the first and second ends of the sleeve and preferably represent a thin metal skin that is only pierced by the insertion of the connecting element (comparable to a drinking straw in a beverage carton), but does not transmit any force towards the skin.

[0055] In other embodiments, the plug can also comprise cellulose foam. Cellulose foam has also proven to provide reliable protection.

[0056] Preferably, the plug can have an external thread at the top for protection during the concreting process (in-situ concrete topping) and to ensure fire protection, so that it can be screwed into the wider upper part of the sleeve (sleeve head) with an internal thread (coarse thread) and unscrewed again for later removal. This advantageously offers the possibility of multiple uses.

[0057] In a further preferred embodiment, the ceiling element is characterized in that the mold structure has a flank which is preferably inclined, preferably at an angle of up to 25° to a normal of the ceiling element (see Fig. 4 and Fig. 6).

[0058] The flank preferably refers to a lateral boundary or edge of the molded structure. The flank is preferably present in the wooden component, and is preferably formed by the corresponding lateral wall or border of the molded structure. The flank thus denotes the lateral boundary of the molded structure.

[0059] Preferably, the flank is inclined. When the flank of the mold structure is inclined, this means that it is not perpendicular (i.e., at a right angle) to the base surface or an axis, but rather at a specific angle of inclination. The inclination of the flank is generally defined by the angle, or angle of inclination, between the flank and a reference surface or a normal. The angle of inclination can vary depending on design or mechanical requirements.

[0060] Preferably, the shape is truncated pyramidal. Preferably, the flank has an inclination of up to 25°. This advantageously complies with current standards in this regard. Other angle values ​​for the flank inclination, for example greater than 25°, are also possible.

[0061] An inclined flank of the mold structure is advantageous in that the concrete component can be removed from the mold structure more easily during dismantling, in particular without damage or residue.

[0062] In a further preferred embodiment, the ceiling element is characterized in that the connecting means is guided into the mold structure in the wooden component or outside the mold structure in the wooden component, wherein preferably the ceiling element comprises several connecting means and mold structures and some of the several connecting means are introduced into the wooden component in and outside the mold structure.

[0063] Therefore, various configurations regarding the arrangement of the fasteners and sleeves can be attached to the ceiling element. In particular, different arrangements can also exist within a single ceiling element. As mentioned, it may be preferred that the fastener is inserted in such a way that it extends into the formwork of the ceiling element. It may also be preferred that the fastener extends into a section of the wooden component where no formwork is present. Along the ceiling element, both arrangements may be preferred, i.e., fasteners may be used that extend into the formwork of the wooden component, and fasteners may also be used that extend into the wooden component but not into the formwork.

[0064] In a further preferred embodiment, the ceiling element is characterized in that the ceiling element has one or more joints for separating wooden components and / or concrete components.

[0065] The joints are preferably intended to facilitate the possible segmentation of the entire ceiling element, in particular the concrete component (see Fig. 2) Smaller and therefore lighter concrete components are easier to dismantle and transport when crane capacity is limited. The size of the segment or concrete component can differ from the size of the precast concrete slab. This means that several precast concrete slabs (of different sizes) can be cast together to form a single segment / concrete component after the cast-in-place concrete topping has been applied, with the joints defining the size of the concrete component. The joints are ensured by appropriate formwork (permanent formwork), which is arranged, for example, at the edges of the precast concrete slabs. Preferably, the joint runs above the timber component (see Fig. 10 and Fig. 2) and along the support (see Fig. 2) The ceiling element can also be installed without joints.

[0066] In a further preferred embodiment, the ceiling element is characterized in that at least axial loads are transferred between the wooden component and the concrete component by means of the connecting element within the sleeve or by means of a group of sleeves and connecting elements.

[0067] Preferably, the connector can be subjected to axial loading, as it is located within the sleeve and can move relative to the sleeve, preferably without contact between the connector shaft and the sleeve, and with contact between the connector head and the sleeve. If the connector shaft comes into contact with the sleeve (for example, due to a relative displacement between the timber and concrete components), the connector can preferably also bend. The stability of the entire ceiling element is advantageously still ensured.

[0068] In a further preferred embodiment, the cover element is characterized in that the sleeve has a varying diameter, wherein preferably a head diameter and a shaft diameter of the sleeve differ from each other.

[0069] Preferably, to anchor a tensile force between a concrete component and a timber component, the sleeve can have a varying diameter depending on the axial load. Manufacturing tolerances and potential relative displacements between the shank of the fastener and the sleeve must be taken into account. This can be achieved by using a varying sleeve diameter.

[0070] Furthermore, a sleeve with a variable diameter can be used for different fastener diameters. It allows for flexible adaptation to varying sizes and tolerances, simplifying manufacturing and assembly and reducing the need for different sleeve types. The variable diameter allows the sleeve to be optimally adapted to the specific connection, resulting in improved clamping or fitting accuracy. This ensures a secure and stable connection that can still be disassembled if necessary. A sleeve with a variable diameter can exert even pressure, reducing material stress and deformation. This leads to a longer service life for the fasteners and the components they connect. Because the sleeve can be adapted to different diameters, the manufacturing process becomes more flexible.This reduces the need to manufacture special sleeves or connectors for each connection. A sleeve with a varying diameter can distribute the load more effectively across the entire contact area, increasing the stability and strength of the connection while preventing localized overloads.

[0071] In a further preferred embodiment, the ceiling element is characterized in that the wooden component has a notched support at one section (see Fig. 5.1).

[0072] A notched support preferably refers to a special type of support in which the support is elementary integrated by means of a cutout or notch in the wooden component.

[0073] The support is preferably not simply supported as a flat surface or point, but rather mechanically and geometrically integrated. This is often achieved by a notch or notch at the end of the timber-concrete composite element. Through this notch or notch, the load is indirectly transferred from the timber-concrete composite to the load-bearing element of the support. This design is chosen for its technical, structural, and architectural advantages, particularly to minimize the overall height of the floor structure. In contrast, a direct support is preferably simply supported and... Fig. 5.2 shown. Figures

[0074] The invention will now be explained in more detail using figures as examples, without being limited to these exemplary figures and explanations. Brief description of the characters Fig. 1. Legend of the line styles used Fig. 2 Schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element in a three-dimensional view with possible segmentation into concrete components by joints for non-destructive dismantling (only half the span of the ceiling element and a partial width are shown) Fig. 3 Cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element Fig. 4 Detail top view of a preferred embodiment of the element slab without or before the cast-in-place concrete topping, without joint ( Fig. 4.1) and with joint ( Fig. 4.2) Fig. 5 Detail longitudinal view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element with a notched support ( Fig. 5.1) and a direct support ( Fig. 5.2) Fig. 6 Longitudinal view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element with lattice girders arranged orthogonally to the wooden component (only half the span is shown in each case) Fig. 7 Longitudinal view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element with lattice girders arranged parallel to the wooden component (only half the span is shown in each case) Fig. 8 Top view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element without cast-in-place concrete addition Fig. 9 Detail cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element with plugs at both ends of the sleeve Fig. 10 Detail cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element with joint detail Detailed description of the figures

[0075] Fig. Figure 1 represents a legend that shows which line style is assigned to which component in the following figures.

[0076] Fig. Figure 2 shows a three-dimensional view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element with half the span and partial width. The ceiling element 1 is designed as a timber-concrete composite. The ceiling element comprises, in the illustration of the Fig. The ceiling element comprises two wooden components 3, which have form structures 5. Furthermore, the ceiling element 1 includes concrete components 7, which comprise precast concrete slabs 9 and a cast-in-place concrete topping 11. The ceiling element 1 also has sleeves 17. For non-destructive dismantling, the concrete components are segmented by joints 23.

[0077] Fig. Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element 1. The ceiling element 1 comprises the lattice girder 13, connectors 15, and sleeves 17. The sleeves 17 are attached to the lattice girder 13. The connectors 15 are inserted into the sleeves 17. The lattice girder 13 is preferably connected to the ceiling element 9 and preferably forms part of the concrete component 7. The concrete component 7 is connected to the timber component 3 via the connectors 15 and / or the formwork structures 5.

[0078] A further advantage of the ceiling element 1 is that it provides a detachable assembly. This, in turn, makes a significant contribution to resource conservation and circularity ("cradle to cradle"). This allows for the separation of materials by type and non-destructive dismantling for reuse of the structure as a ceiling element 1. Resources, labor, emissions, and consequently costs can be saved. The ceiling element 1 according to the invention thus ensures high economic efficiency.

[0079] Furthermore, it is advantageous that non-load-bearing wooden formwork is eliminated. Disadvantages of using non-load-bearing wooden formwork include the labor and resource consumption. Additionally, the disposal of wooden formwork at the end of its service life is not always environmentally friendly. Ceiling element 1 avoids these disadvantages by eliminating the need for non-load-bearing wooden formwork. It is also advantageous that the potential ingress of moisture, particularly in the area of ​​the formwork structure 5 of the wooden component 3, is minimized or reduced. Advantageously, additional moisture protection is not required. The concrete component 7 is connected to the wooden component 3 primarily via the formwork structure 5, with the cast-in-place concrete addition 11 extending into the formwork structure 5.Therefore, an additional means for removing moisture is not necessary because sufficiently reliable moisture protection is provided by the element ceiling 9 itself.

[0080] Fig. Figure 4 shows a top view of a preferred embodiment of the element ceiling 9 with lattice girder 13 and sleeve 17 without or before the cast-in-place concrete supplement, without and with joint 23 above the timber component 3. Fig. 4 shows the Fig. 4.1 without joint 23 and Fig. 4.2 with joint 23. In the element ceiling 9, the recess and the underlying form structure 5 can be seen in the wooden component 3, into which the cast-in-place concrete addition extends.

[0081] Fig. 5 includes the Fig. 5.1 and 5.2. Fig. 5.1 represents a further preferred embodiment of the ceiling element 1. The ceiling element 1 comprises the lattice girder 13, connectors 15, and sleeves 17. The sleeves 17 are attached to the lattice girder 13. The connectors 15 are inserted into the sleeves 17. The lattice girder 13 is preferably connected to the ceiling element 9 and preferably forms part of the concrete component 7. The concrete component 7 is connected to the timber component via the connector 15 and / or the formwork 5. Additionally, the ceiling element 1 has a notched support 21 at one section.

[0082] The notch or groove indirectly transfers the load to the support. This design is frequently chosen due to its technical, structural, and architectural advantages, particularly to minimize the overall height of the ceiling structure.

[0083] Furthermore, in the Fig. Figure 5.1 shows that the multiple sleeves 17 and connecting elements 15 are attached to the lattice girder 13 partly obliquely and partly orthogonally. An orthogonal attachment is advantageous because it allows for easier insertion of the connecting element 15 into the sleeve 17, particularly since the orientation then corresponds to the assumed force flow. On the lattice girder 13, the orthogonal attachment results in simpler assembly. Furthermore, it improves the stackability of the lattice girder 13. An oblique attachment is advantageous because it results in an alternative and / or optimized force flow. Furthermore, it allows for a more direct or shorter load transfer. In addition, connecting elements 15 can be reduced, thus saving effort, working time, and costs.In the case of several sleeves 17 and connecting elements 15, some of which are attached obliquely and some of which are attached orthogonally, the aforementioned advantages work together synergistically.

[0084] In Fig. Figure 5.2 shows another preferred embodiment of the ceiling element 1 at a section with direct support 22. At this section, the ceiling element 1 comprises the lattice girder 13. The lattice girder 13 is preferably connected to the element ceiling 9 and preferably forms part of the concrete component 7.

[0085] The Fig. Figure 6 shows a longitudinal view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element 1 with lattice girders 13 arranged orthogonally to the timber component. Only half the span of the ceiling element 1 is shown. The ceiling element 1 comprises the lattice girder 13, connectors 15, and sleeves 17. The sleeves 17 are attached to the lattice girder 13. The connectors 15 are inserted into the sleeves 17. The lattice girder 13 is preferably connected to the ceiling element 9 and preferably forms part of the concrete component 7. The concrete component 7, comprising the ceiling element 9 and the cast-in-place concrete topping 11, is connected to the timber component 3 via the connector 15 and / or the formwork 5. Additionally, the ceiling element 1 has a notched support 21 at one section.

[0086] The Fig. Figure 7 shows a longitudinal view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element 1 with lattice girders 13 arranged parallel to the timber component. Only half the span of the ceiling element 1 is shown. The ceiling element 1 comprises the lattice girder 13, connectors 15, and sleeves 17. The sleeves 17 are attached to the lattice girder 13. The connectors 15 are inserted into the sleeves 17. The lattice girder 13 is preferably connected to the ceiling element 9 and preferably forms part of the concrete component 7. The concrete component 7, comprising the ceiling element 9 and the cast-in-place concrete topping 11, is connected to the timber component 3 via the connector 15 and / or the formwork 5. Additionally, the ceiling element 1 has a notched support 21 at one section.

[0087] Fig. Figure 8 shows a top view of the ceiling element 1 without, or before, the in-situ concrete infill. Visible here are the recesses in the ceiling element 9 and the form structures 5 on the timber components 3, as well as the ceiling element 9 with lattice girder 13. The representation of the ceiling element according to the Fig. 8 is comparatively large.

[0088] Fig. Figure 9 shows a further preferred embodiment of the ceiling element 1. The ceiling element 1 comprises the lattice girder 13, connectors 15, and sleeves 17. The sleeves 17 are attached to the lattice girder 13. The connectors 15 are inserted into the sleeves 17. The lattice girder 13 is preferably connected to the ceiling element 9 and preferably forms part of the concrete component 7. The concrete component 7 is connected to the timber component 3 via the connector 15 and / or the formwork 5. A plug is attached to both ends 19 of the sleeve 17.

[0089] The upper plug 19 has an external thread for protection during the concreting process (cast-in-place concrete topping 11) and to ensure fire protection, so that it can be screwed into the upper, wider part of the sleeve 17 (sleeve head) with an internal thread (coarse thread) and unscrewed again for later dismantling. This advantageously offers the possibility of multiple uses.

[0090] Fig.Figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the ceiling element 1 with joint detail. The ceiling element 1 comprises the lattice girder 13, connectors 15, and sleeves 17. The sleeves 17 are attached to the lattice girder 13. The connectors 15 are inserted into the sleeves 17. The lattice girder 13 is preferably connected to the ceiling element 9 and preferably forms part of the concrete component 7. The concrete component 7 is connected to the timber component 3 via the connectors 15 and / or the formwork structures 5. For non-destructive dismantling, a possible embodiment of a joint 23 above the timber component 3 is shown. Reference symbol list 1 ceiling element 3 Wooden component 5 Form structure 7 Concrete component 9 Element ceiling 11. In-situ concrete addition 13 lattice girders 15 fasteners 17 Sleeve 19 grafts 21 Notched support 22 Direct support 23 joint

Claims

[1] Ceiling element (1) for a building ceiling, wherein the ceiling element is designed as a timber-concrete composite, the ceiling element (1) comprising the following: - A wooden component (3) that has a shape structure (5), - a concrete component (7) comprising a precast concrete slab (9) and a cast-in-place concrete topping (11), - a lattice girder (13), - a connecting agent (15) and - a sleeve (17) wherein the connecting element (15) is inserted into the sleeve (17) and the concrete component (7) is connected to the wooden component (3) via the connecting element (15) and / or the form structure (5). [2] Ceiling element (1) according to the previous claim characterized by, that the lattice girder (13) parallel or orthogonal to the timber component (3) comprises one or more top chords and one or more bottom chords as well as diagonals, wherein the one or more top chords and the one or more bottom chords are connected to each other by means of the diagonals. [3] Ceiling element (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized by , that the sleeve (17) and the connecting element (15) are attached orthogonally or obliquely to the lattice girder (13). [4] Ceiling element (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized by , that the sleeve (17) is connected to the lattice girder (13) by means of a welded connection. [5] Ceiling element (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized by , that the connecting element (15) is a releasable connecting element, preferably selected from a group comprising screw connections and / or pin connections. [6] Ceiling element (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized by , that a plug (19) is attached to the sleeve (17) on one side / both sides. [7] Ceiling element (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized by that the ceiling element (1) has one or more joints (23) for separating wooden components (3) and / or concrete components (7). [8] Cover element (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized by that the sleeve (17) has a varying diameter, preferably with a head diameter and a shaft diameter of the sleeve (17) differing from each other. [9] Ceiling element (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims characterized by , that the ceiling element (1) has a notched support (21) at one section.

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