Calibration and Optimizer for a Black Start Power Supply

Abstract

Bidirectional power transfer systems are disclosed for transferring power between an electrified vehicle and other structures. The bidirectional power transfer system can utilize black-start reserve power from a black-start energy storage resource to maintain communication between an electric vehicle power supply (EVSE) and a combiner box during utility power outage conditions. An output voltage of the black-start energy storage resource can be boosted within a regulated, variable-voltage boost converter circuit of the combiner box to supply the EVSE with a calibrated output voltage. The calibrated output voltage compensates for voltage drops that may occur along a length of cable extending between the EVSE and the combiner box.

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to bidirectional power transfer systems capable of transferring power between an electrified vehicle and other structures. GENERAL STATE OF THE ART

[0002] Plug-in electric vehicles include one or more charging interfaces for charging a traction battery pack. Plug-in vehicles are typically charged while parked at a charging station or other utility power source. Plug-in vehicles can also be used to support household consumers during electrical outages. SUMMARY

[0003] A bidirectional power transfer system according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, an electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and a combiner box including a black-start energy storage resource and a variable voltage boost converter circuit configured to boost an output voltage of the black-start energy storage resource to supply power to circuitry of the EVSE during a utility power outage condition.

[0004] In another non-limiting embodiment of the above bidirectional power transfer system, the black start energy storage resource is a battery, a capacitor, or a supercapacitor.

[0005] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing bidirectional power transfer systems, the regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit is configured to perform a boost on the output voltage to compensate for a voltage drop that may occur over a length of cable extending from the EVSE to the combiner box.

[0006] In another non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing bidirectional power transfer systems, the cable is a Power over Ethernet (PoE) cable.

[0007] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing bidirectional power transfer systems, a control system is programmed to control the regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit to boost the output voltage during the utility power outage condition.

[0008] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing bidirectional power transfer systems, the control system includes a first combiner box control module and a second EVSE control module.

[0009] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing bidirectional power transfer systems, the second control module is programmed to determine a voltage drop based on a comparison between a measured output voltage received from the regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit and a calibrated output voltage setting received from the first control module.

[0010] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing bidirectional power transfer systems, the first control system is programmed to determine a calibrated output voltage for powering the circuitry based on the voltage drop.

[0011] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing bidirectional power transfer systems, the first control module is programmed to command the regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit to adjust the output voltage to the calibrated output voltage for powering the circuitry.

[0012] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing bidirectional power transfer systems, the EVSE includes a black start measurement circuit configured to measure the output voltage.

[0013] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing bidirectional power transfer systems, the EVSE further includes a filter and a switched-mode power supply (SMPS).

[0014] A method according to another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, boosting an output voltage of a black start energy storage resource of a combiner box during a utility power outage condition and powering communications between an electric vehicle power supply (EVSE) and an electrified vehicle using the boosted output voltage.

[0015] In a further non-limiting embodiment of the above method, the combiner box includes a regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit configured to perform a boost on the output voltage.

[0016] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, stepping up the output voltage includes sending a calibrated output voltage setting and a first output voltage from the combiner box to the EVSE.

[0017] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, stepping up the output voltage further includes measuring the first output voltage within a black start measurement circuit of the EVSE to determine a measured output voltage received by the EVSE.

[0018] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the above methods, stepping up the output voltage includes comparing the measured output voltage to the calibrated output voltage setting and determining a voltage drop.

[0019] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, stepping up the output voltage includes sending the voltage drop to the combiner box.

[0020] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, stepping up the output voltage includes adjusting the first output voltage to a second output voltage derived from the voltage drop.

[0021] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the above methods, the second output voltage is a sum of the voltage drop plus a minimum required output voltage required to maintain proper control pilot operation between the EVSE and the electrified vehicle.

[0022] In a further non-limiting embodiment of any of the foregoing methods, the method includes, in response to establishing communication between the EVSE and the electrified vehicle, transferring power from the electrified vehicle to a structure separate from the electrified vehicle during the utility power outage condition.

[0023] The embodiments, examples, and alternatives of the preceding paragraphs, the claims, or the following description and drawings, including their various aspects or individual features, may be used independently of one another or in any combination. Features described in connection with one embodiment are applicable to all embodiments, unless such features are incompatible.

[0024] The various features and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. The drawings accompanying the detailed description may be briefly described as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a first configuration of a bidirectional energy transfer system. Fig. Figure 2 schematically illustrates a second configuration of the bidirectional energy transfer system from Fig. 1. Fig. Figure 3 schematically illustrates additional aspects of the system for bidirectional energy transfer from the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method for controlling a bidirectional power transfer system during a utility power outage condition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] This disclosure relates to bidirectional power transfer systems capable of transferring power between an electrified vehicle and other structures. The bidirectional power transfer system may utilize black-start reserve power from a black-start energy storage resource to maintain communication between an electric vehicle power supply (EVSE) and a combiner box during utility power outage conditions. An output voltage of the black-start energy storage resource may be boosted within a regulated, variable-voltage boost converter circuit of the combiner box to supply the EVSE with a calibrated output voltage. The calibrated output voltage compensates for voltage drops that may occur along a length of cable extending between the EVSE and the combiner box.These and other features of this disclosure are discussed in more detail in the following paragraphs of this detailed description.

[0026] The Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 schematically illustrate an exemplary bidirectional power transfer system 10 (hereinafter "the system 10") for bidirectionally transferring power between a vehicle 12 and a structure 14. The system 10 enables the bidirectional transfer of power from the vehicle 12 to the structure 14, or vice versa. The structure 14 may be a residential building, a commercial building, a parking garage, a charging station, or any other type of structure capable of receiving or transmitting power. In one embodiment, the structure 14 is a residential household that functions as the "home" location of the vehicle 12.

[0027] Although a specific relationship of components is illustrated in the figures of this disclosure, the illustrations are not intended to limit this disclosure. The placement and orientation of the various components of the depicted system are shown schematically and could vary within the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, the various figures accompanying this disclosure are not necessarily drawn to scale, and some features may be exaggerated or reduced in size to emphasize certain details of a particular component, assembly, or system.

[0028] In one embodiment, the vehicle 12 is a plug-in electric vehicle (e.g., a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) or a battery electric vehicle (BEV)). The vehicle 12 includes a traction battery pack 16 that is part of an electrified powertrain capable of applying torque from an electric machine (e.g., an electric motor) to drive wheels 18 of the vehicle 12. The electrified powertrain of the vehicle 12 can electrically propel the set of wheels 18 either with or without the assistance of an internal combustion engine.

[0029] Vehicle 12 from Fig. 1-2 is schematically illustrated as a passenger car. However, other vehicle configurations are also contemplated. The teachings of this disclosure may be applicable to any type of vehicle other than vehicle 12. For example, vehicle 12 could be configured as a passenger car, pickup truck, van, sport utility vehicle (SUV), etc.

[0030] Although shown schematically, the traction battery pack 16 may be configured as a high-voltage traction battery pack including a plurality of battery arrays 20 (e.g., battery assemblies or groupings of battery cells) capable of outputting electrical power to one or more electric machines of the vehicle 12. Other types of energy storage devices and / or output devices may also be used to electrically power the vehicle 12.

[0031] The vehicle 12 may interface with the structure 14 through an electric vehicle power supply (EVSE) 22 to perform the bidirectional power transfers of the system 10. In one embodiment, the EVSE 22 is a wall box that may be mounted on a wall 25 of the structure 14. A charging cable 24 may operatively connect the EVSE 22 to a charging port assembly 26 of the vehicle 12 to transfer power between the vehicle 12 and the structure 14. The charging cable 24 may be configured to provide any charging level (e.g., 120 VAC alternating current (AC), 240 VAC, direct current charging (DC), etc.).

[0032] The EVSE 22 may be operatively connected to an AC infrastructure 30 of the structure 14 through a home energy management system 28. The home energy management system 28 may include a combiner box 40, which is a type of bidirectional power transfer module. Various electrical loads 31, such as household appliance loads, may be associated with the AC infrastructure 30. The electrical loads 31 may sometimes be referred to as transient loads of the AC infrastructure 30 and could include loads associated with common kitchen appliances, washing machines, dryers, water heaters, air conditioners, furnaces, home alarm systems, sump pump systems, routers, home lighting systems, etc. The AC infrastructure 30 may further include a main distribution box 33 operably positioned between the combiner box 40 and the electrical loads 31.

[0033] Power from a utility power source 32 (e.g., AC power), a renewable power source 34 (e.g., solar power, wind power, etc.), the vehicle 12, or a combination thereof may be selectively transferred to the AC infrastructure 30 for supplying power to the electrical loads 31. The combiner box 40 may control power transfer to the AC infrastructure 30. In some implementations, the combiner box 40 may further control power transfer to the utility power source 32. For example, power from the vehicle 12 could be periodically transferred back to the utility power source 32 through the combiner box 40.

[0034] The combiner box 40 can act as a connection point between the AC infrastructure 30 and each of the grid power source 32, the vehicle 12, and the renewable power source 34. The combiner box 40 can electrically isolate the AC infrastructure 30 from the grid power source 32 during a grid power outage condition and can control the ON and OFF switching of the electrical loads 31. In one embodiment, the combiner box 40 can activate a transfer switch to disconnect the grid power source 32 from the electrical loads 31 and then transfer power from the renewable power source 34, the vehicle 12, or both to the electrical loads 31.

[0035] Power received from or transmitted to the vehicle 12 may be transmitted through the combiner box 40. The combiner box 40 is configured to support bidirectional transfers of electrical energy between the vehicle 12 and the structure 14. The home energy management system 28 may include various equipment required to accomplish the transfers of energy to / from the vehicle 12.

[0036] The vehicle 12 may further include a vehicle power transfer system 36 configured to further enable the bidirectional transfer of power between the vehicle 12 and the structure 14. The vehicle power transfer system 36 may be operatively connected between the charging port assembly 26 and the traction battery pack 16 of the vehicle 12. The vehicle power transfer system 36 may include various equipment to enable the vehicle 12 to act as a backup power source for transferring power to the structure 14, such as a charger, a converter, an inverter, HV relays or contactors, a motor controller (which may be referred to as an inverter system controller or ISC), etc.The vehicle power transfer system 36 may be further configured to enable the vehicle 12 to receive power from the structure 14 and to transfer energy between the traction battery pack 16 and one or more electric motors of the vehicle 12.

[0037] A non-limiting example of a suitable vehicle power transfer system that may be employed for use within vehicle 12 to achieve bidirectional power transfers is disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2020 / 0324665, issued to Ford Global Technologies, LLC, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. However, other power transfer systems could also be utilized to achieve bidirectional power transfers within the scope of this disclosure.

[0038] Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a first configuration C1 of the system 10. During the first configuration C1, power may be transferred from the structure 14 to the vehicle 12, such as for charging the traction battery pack 16 of the vehicle 12. The direction of energy transfer during the first configuration C1 is schematically represented by the arrow 38.

[0039] Fig. Figure 2 schematically illustrates a second configuration C2 of the system 10. During the second configuration C2, power may be transferred from the traction battery pack 16 of the vehicle 12 to the structure 14. The direction of power transfer during the second configuration C2 is schematically illustrated by arrow 39. In this manner, the vehicle 12 may be used as an emergency power management system to supply power to the electrical loads 31 of the structure 14, such as when power from the mains power source 32 is temporarily unavailable, for example, due to power outages.

[0040] The EVSE 22 may be configured to communicate with both the vehicle 12 and the combiner box 40 to facilitate transfers of power from the vehicle 12 to the structure 14 for supplying power to the electrical loads 31 of the AC infrastructure 30. The EVSE 22 is operatively coupled to the vehicle 12 when power is transferred from the vehicle 12. The EVSE 22 is operatively coupled to the structure 14 via the combiner box 40.

[0041] It is understood that the EVSE 22 and the combiner box 40 are normally powered by the utility power source 32. However, during a utility power outage condition, where energy from the utility power source 32 is temporarily unavailable, the EVSE 22 and the combiner box 40 must continue to be powered in order to be able to detect the vehicle 12 and communicate with each other to transfer power from the vehicle 12 to the structure 14. This is often referred to as a "black start."

[0042] The home energy management system 28 may additionally include a black start energy storage resource 42 operatively connected to the combiner box 40. Although Fig. 1-2 are shown separately from the combiner box 40, the combiner box 40 and the black start energy storage resource 42 could be integrated together as part of a common module (see, for example, Fig. 3).

[0043] The black-start energy storage resource 42 may be capable of supplying certain components of the system 10, such as the EVSE 22, with a limited amount of backup power when power is not available from the utility power source 32 or any other energy resource (e.g., the renewable power source 34). The black-start energy storage resource 42 may include a battery (e.g., a 13V battery), a capacitor, a supercapacitor, or any other suitable energy storage device.

[0044] With reference now mainly to Fig. 3, the EVSE 22 may include internal circuitry 44, a filter 46, and a switched-mode power supply (SMPS) 48. The circuitry 44 may include the components necessary for the EVSE 22 to function and transfer power between the vehicle 12 and the structure 14. The SMPS 48 may be a dual-mode SMPS that can receive input power from either the vehicle 12 or from the utility power source 32 via the combiner box 40. During normal operating conditions of the utility power source 32, power, such as 240 VAC power, may be transferred from the utility power source 32 to the filter 46 and then to the SMPS 48. The SMPS 48 can convert the 240 VAC input from the mains power source 32 into a 12 VDC output that can be used to power the circuitry 44 of the EVSE 22.The EVSE 22 and the combiner box 40 are therefore supplied with sufficient power to enable communication between them and with the vehicle 12 in order to prepare and initiate the transfer of energy between the vehicle 12 and the structure 14.

[0045] As discussed in more detail below, the EVSE 22 and the combiner box 40 may each include features that enable the EVSE 22 and the combiner box 40 to maintain communication with each other and with the vehicle 12 even when the utility power source 32 is unable to power the system 10. In particular, these features do not require the EVSE 22 to include a battery sized to power every function of the EVSE 22. Accordingly, in this embodiment, the EVSE 22 is considered battery-less, which may reduce the overall package requirements of the EVSE 22.

[0046] The combiner box 40 may include a regulated variable-voltage boost converter circuit 50 operatively connected to the black-start energy storage resource 42. The regulated variable-voltage boost converter circuit 50 may be configured to selectively perform boost conversion on an output voltage received from the black-start energy storage resource 42. Boost-converted power may then be transmitted to the EVSE 22 for supplying power to the circuitry 44 via a cable 64 extending from the EVSE 22 to the combiner box 40. The output voltage from the black start energy storage resource 42 may need to be step-up converted before being transferred to the EVSE 22 to account for any voltage drop that may occur due to cable resistance over a length of the cable 64 when the distance between the EVSE 22 and the combiner box 40 is relatively large (e.g.,greater than 100 feet).

[0047] In one embodiment, cable 64 is a Power over Ethernet (PoE) cable. Accordingly, both power and data can be sent to EVSE 22 via cable 64.

[0048] The EVSE 22 may include a black start measurement circuit 52. The black start measurement circuit 52 may be configured to measure the boosted output voltage received from the regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit 50 when the black start energy storage resource 42 is supplying backup power during a utility power outage condition. As explained in more detail below, the output voltage measured by the black start measurement circuit 52 may be used to determine a voltage drop across the length of the cable, which may then be used to adjust the calibrated output voltage provided by the regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit 50.

[0049] A control system 54 may control various functions associated with the system 10, and may specifically be programmed to control the EVSE 22 and the combiner box 40 to maintain communications during utility power outage conditions and to enable power export from the vehicle 12 to the structure 14. The control system may include at least a first control module 56 and a second control module 58. The first control module 56 may be a component of the combiner box 40, and the second control module 58 may be a component of the EVSE 22. Although two control modules are specifically illustrated, the system 10 could include a larger number of controllers operatively connected and configured to cooperate to facilitate various control strategies associated with the system 10.

[0050] The first control module 56 and the second control module 58 may each include a processor 60 and persistent memory 62 for executing various control strategies and modes associated with the system 10. The processor 60 may be a custom-built or off-the-shelf processor, a central processing unit (CPU), or generally any device for executing software instructions. The memory 62 may include a combination of volatile memory elements and non-volatile memory elements. Volatile memory elements require power to store data, whereas non-volatile memory elements can store data without consuming power.The processor 60 may be operatively coupled to the memory 62 and may be configured to execute one or more programs stored in the memory 62 based on the various inputs received from other devices, such as the black start energy storage resource 42, the regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit 50, the black start measurement circuit 52, etc.

[0051] Fig. 4 illustrates with continued reference to the Fig.1-3 schematically illustrate, in flowchart form, an exemplary method 100 for controlling the system 10 during a utility power outage condition. In particular, the system 10 may be controlled to efficiently utilize black start reserve power from the black start energy storage resource 42 to maintain communication between the EVSE 22 and the combiner box 40 during the utility power outage condition. The system 10 may be configured to employ one or more algorithms configured to perform at least a portion of the steps of the exemplary method 100. For example, the method 100 may be stored as executable instructions in the memory(s) of the control system 54, and the executable instructions may be embodied within any computer-readable medium executeable by the processor(s) of the control system 54.

[0052] The example method 100 may begin at block 102. At block 104, the method 100 may confirm whether or not power is available from the grid power source 32. If the answer is NO, indicating a grid power outage condition, the method 100 may proceed to block 106, where it determines whether or not power is available from the renewable power source 34 or any other source. If block 106 returns a NO flag, the method 100 may proceed to block 108.

[0053] At block 108, the combiner box 40 may send both a calibrated output voltage setting (data) and a first output voltage (power) from the black start energy storage resource 42 to the EVSE 22. The calibrated output voltage setting may be a preset value large enough to account for a worst-case voltage drop across the cable 64 (e.g., 20 V).

[0054] The black start measurement circuit 52 of the EVSE 22 may measure the first output voltage at block 110 to determine a measured output voltage received by the EVSE 22. The measured output voltage may be compared to the calibrated output voltage setting (such as via the second control module 58) to determine a voltage drop (data) between the EVSE 22 and the combiner box 40 at block 112. In one embodiment, the voltage drop is the difference between the calibrated output voltage setting and the first output voltage. At block 114, the voltage drop information may be sent to the combiner box 40 via the cable 64.

[0055] Next, at block 116, the regulated variable-voltage boost converter circuit 50 may (such as via commands from the first control module 56) adjust the output voltage from the black-start energy storage resource 42 to a second output voltage based on the voltage drop. In one embodiment, the second output voltage is calculated by adding the voltage drop value to a minimum required output voltage required to maintain proper control pilot operation between the EVSE 22 and the vehicle 12. In one embodiment, the minimum required voltage output is 12 V.

[0056] Since communication between the EVSE 22 and the combiner box 40 has been maintained using black start power, the method 100 may next proceed to block 118 and prepare the system 10 to transfer power from the vehicle 12 to the structure 14. The vehicle 12 may then transfer power to return power to the structure 14 at block 120. The method 100 may end at block 122.

[0057] The bidirectional power transfer systems described here include a black-start energy storage resource that can supply power to system loads during utility outage conditions. An output voltage of the black-start energy storage resource can be selectively boosted by a regulated, variable-voltage boost converter circuit to provide a calibrated output voltage to the EVSE that compensates for voltage drops. The proposed systems therefore eliminate the need to provide a dedicated power source within the EVSE and can further reduce the size of the black-start energy storage resource required to maintain system operability.Furthermore, because the output of the boost converter circuit is a regulated voltage supply, the EVSE does not require a secondary switching power supply, further reducing the components and complexity within the EVSE.

[0058] Although the various non-limiting embodiments are illustrated as having specific components or steps, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to these specific combinations. It is possible to use some of the components or features from any of the non-limiting embodiments in combination with features or components from any of the other non-limiting embodiments.

[0059] It should be understood that like reference numerals indicate corresponding or similar elements throughout the several views. It should be understood that while a particular component arrangement is disclosed and illustrated in these exemplary embodiments, other arrangements could also benefit from the teachings of this disclosure.

[0060] The foregoing description is intended to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that certain modifications may be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. For these reasons, the following claims should be read carefully to determine the true scope and content of this disclosure. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 2020 / 0324665

[0037]

Claims

[1] System for bidirectional energy transfer, comprising: an electric vehicle power supply (EVSE); and a combiner box including a black-start energy storage resource and a regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit configured to boost an output voltage of the black-start energy storage resource to supply power to circuitry of the EVSE during a utility power outage condition. [2] The bidirectional power transfer system of claim 1, wherein the black start energy storage resource is a battery, a capacitor, or a supercapacitor. [3] The bidirectional power transfer system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit is configured to perform a boost on the output voltage to compensate for a voltage drop that may occur over a length of cable extending from the EVSE to the combiner box, and optionally wherein the cable is a Power over Ethernet (PoE) cable. [4] A bidirectional power transfer system according to any preceding claim, comprising a control system programmed to control the regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit to boost the output voltage during the mains power failure condition. [5] The bidirectional power transfer system of claim 4, wherein the control system includes a first control module of the combiner box and a second control module of the EVSE. [6] The bidirectional power transfer system of claim 5, wherein the second control module is programmed to determine a voltage drop based on a comparison between a measured output voltage received from the regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit and a calibrated output voltage setting received from the first control module. [7] The bidirectional power transfer system of claim 6, wherein the first control system is programmed to determine a calibrated output voltage for powering the circuitry based on the voltage drop. [8] The bidirectional power transfer system of claim 7, wherein the first control module is programmed to command the regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit to adjust the output voltage to the calibrated output voltage for powering the circuitry. [9] A bidirectional power transfer system according to any preceding claim, wherein the EVSE includes a black start measurement circuit configured to measure the output voltage, and optionally wherein the EVSE further includes a filter and a switched mode power supply (SMPS). [10] A method comprising: Boosting an output voltage of a black start energy storage resource of a combiner box during a mains power outage condition; and Powering communications between an electric vehicle power supply (EVSE) and an electrified vehicle using the boosted output voltage. [11] The method of claim 10, wherein the combiner box includes a regulated variable voltage boost converter circuit configured to perform a boost on the output voltage. [12] A method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein stepping up the output voltage comprises: Sending a calibrated output voltage setting and an initial output voltage from the combiner BOC to the EVSE. [13] The method of claim 12, wherein stepping up the output voltage further comprises: Measuring the first output voltage within a black start measurement circuit of the EVSE to determine a measured output voltage received by the EVSE; Comparing the measured output voltage with the calibrated output voltage setting; and Determining a voltage drop. [14] The method of claim 13, wherein stepping up the output voltage includes: Sending the voltage drop to the combiner box; and Setting the first output voltage to a second output voltage derived from the voltage drop, wherein the second output voltage is a sum of the voltage drop plus a minimum required output voltage required to maintain proper control pilot operation between the EVSE and the electrified vehicle. [15] A method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, comprising, in response to establishing communication between the EVSE and the electrified vehicle: Transferring power from the electrified vehicle to a structure separate from the electrified vehicle during the grid power outage condition.

Images