Compressor system

Abstract

A compressor system (1; 200) comprising: a compressor (11; 211) with: an upstream section (11A; 211A) into which a working fluid flows, a downstream section (11B; 211B) which is connected to the upstream section (11A; 211A) and in which the pressure of the working fluid is higher than in the upstream section (11A; 211A), inlet guide vanes (11C) which are provided further upstream than the upstream section (11A) and which can change a flow rate of the working fluid flowing into the upstream section (11A), and a discharge section (L) which is provided in a section between the upstream section (11A) and the downstream section (11B) and which withdraws at least a portion of the working fluid. can, detection devices (21), at least one of which is provided in the upstream area (11A) and the downstream area (11B) respectively, for detecting a physical quantity of the working fluid,and a control device (90) for adjusting, based on changes in the physical quantity detected by the sensing devices (21), an opening degree of the inlet guide vanes (11C) and a quantity taken from the extraction part (L), wherein the physical quantity comprises a flow direction (Df) and a flow velocity of the working fluid, based on a temperature (Td, Tu) of the working fluid.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a compressor system.

[0002] Priority is claimed from Japanese patent application No. 2019-059225, which was filed on March 26, 2019, and whose contents are incorporated herein by reference. [Technical background]

[0003] For example, it is known that when an operating point is changed to increase a pressure ratio while keeping the number of revolutions constant in turbo compressors (turbocompressors), including axial and centrifugal compressors, a phenomenon known as turning stall or surge can occur in some cases. In particular, surge can, in some instances, lead to backflow of the working fluid within the compressor and to rotor shaft vibration. Therefore, there is a growing need for technologies that can prevent or minimize surge.

[0004] An example of such a technology is the technology described in patent literature 1. Patent literature 1 discloses various sensing devices, including, for example, a static pressure sensor, a dynamic pressure sensor, and a flow velocity sensor, as well as a technology for detecting changes indicative of pumping by frequency processing of a sensing value using such sensing devices. [Citation list][Patent literature]

[0005] [Patent Literature 1] Japanese Patent No. 4030490 [Summary of the invention][Technical problem]

[0006] However, in the device described in patent literature 1, the detection values ​​used by all detection devices may in some cases be contained within noise or a fluctuation component, unless the pumping has already progressed to a certain extent. Therefore, in some cases it may not be possible to accurately detect an indication of pumping.

[0007] The present invention was made to solve the above problems, and one object of the present invention is to provide a compressor system that can detect the occurrence of pumping with higher accuracy and minimize pumping. [Solution to the problem]

[0008] A compressor system according to one aspect of the present invention comprises: a compressor with: an upstream section into which a working fluid flows, a downstream section connected to the upstream section in which the working fluid pressure is higher than in the upstream section, inlet guide vanes (IGVs) located further upstream than the upstream section and capable of altering the flow rate of the working fluid entering the upstream section, and an extraction section located in a section between the upstream section and the downstream section, capable of extracting at least a portion of the working fluid, sensing devices, at least one of which is located in each of the upstream and downstream sections, for sensing a physical parameter of the working fluid, and a control device for adjusting,based on changes in the physical quantity detected by the detection devices, the degree of opening of the inlet guide vanes, and the quantity extracted by the extraction part.

[0009] According to the above embodiment, at least one of the detection devices is provided in the upstream and downstream sections of the compressor. The detection device measures a physical parameter of the working fluid. Based on changes in this physical parameter, the control device detects an abnormality occurring in the flow of the working fluid. The control device then adjusts either the opening degree of the inlet guide vane or the flow rate. In this way, an abnormality in the flow of the working fluid can be eliminated.

[0010] In the compressor system, each of the sensing devices can comprise: a pair of temperature sensing units arranged in a flow direction of the working fluid, and a heating unit arranged between the pair of temperature sensing units that heats the working fluid, wherein the physical quantities can include a flow direction and a flow velocity of the working fluid based on a temperature difference of the working fluid detected by the pair of temperature sensing units.

[0011] According to the above embodiment, the sensing device comprises a pair of temperature sensing units arranged in the direction of flow and a heating unit located between them. As the working fluid flows through the pair of temperature sensing units in the direction of flow, it is heated by the heating unit. This results in a temperature difference, which is detected between a temperature sensing unit located downstream in the direction of flow and a temperature sensing unit located upstream. It can therefore be detected that the working fluid is flowing towards the side where the temperature sensing unit with the higher detected temperature is located. Thus, the flow direction of the working fluid can be detected.If an absolute value of the temperature difference detected by the pair of temperature sensing units is recorded, changes in the flow velocity of the working fluid can also be detected. In this way, for example, a backflow (i.e., a change in the flow direction) of the working fluid within the compressor or a decrease in flow velocity indicating backflow can be detected immediately.

[0012] In the compressor system described above, the temperature sensing unit and the heating unit can be exposed to the working fluid.

[0013] According to the above design, changes in the physical properties of the working fluid can be detected directly. In this way, the responsiveness of the entire device can be improved.

[0014] In the aforementioned compressor system, the control device can adjust the opening degree of the inlet guide vanes so that the opening degree increases with a change in the temperature difference, thus decreasing the temperature difference in the downstream area.

[0015] According to the above configuration, if the temperature difference detected by the downstream sensors between the pair of temperature sensors decreases, it can be determined that the flow velocity of the working fluid in the downstream section has also decreased. If the flow velocity continues to decrease, this can eventually lead to a change in the flow direction. Thus, the decrease in flow velocity can be considered an indication of backflow. In this case, it can be determined that the flow rate of the working fluid in the downstream section of the compressor becomes too high and the flow of the working fluid begins to separate (pumping occurs). The control device then adjusts the opening of the inlet guide vane to increase this opening. This reduces the flow rate of the working fluid supplied to the downstream section.This can prevent the occurrence of pumps before they develop.

[0016] In the aforementioned compressor system, the control device can adjust the extraction rate so that the extraction rate increases when the temperature difference in the upstream area changes in such a way that the temperature difference decreases.

[0017] According to the above configuration, if the temperature difference between the pair of temperature sensors detected by the sensors in the upstream section decreases, it can be determined that the flow velocity of the working fluid in the upstream section has decreased. If the flow velocity continues to decrease, it is likely that this will eventually lead to a change in the flow direction. Thus, the decrease in flow velocity can be considered an indication of backflow. In this case, it can be determined that the flow rate of the working fluid in the upstream section of the compressor becomes too high and the flow of the working fluid begins to stall (pumping occurs). In this way, the control device adjusts the extraction rate so that the extraction rate increases.This removes the working fluid that has separated upstream, thus eliminating the flow separation. This prevents pumping before it develops.

[0018] In the aforementioned compressor system, the compressor may comprise: a rotor shaft capable of rotating about an axis, a plurality of impeller blade stages provided on the rotor shaft and arranged in one direction of the axis, a casing covering the rotor shaft and the impeller blade stages from an outer circumferential side, and a plurality of guide vane stages provided on an inner circumferential surface of the casing and arranged alternately with the plurality of impeller blade stages in the direction of the axis, wherein the upstream region is a region further upstream than an impeller blade stage of the plurality of impeller blade stages being a third stage from the most upstream side, and wherein the downstream region is a region further downstream than an impeller blade stage of the plurality of impeller blade stages being a third stage from the most downstream side.

[0019] In the compressor described above, it is known that pumping occurs particularly easily in the area further upstream than the third impeller stage from the most upstream side and in the area further downstream than the third impeller stage from the most downstream side. According to the above design, since these areas are the upstream and downstream regions, the occurrence of pumping can be detected quickly and precisely, and an indication thereof can be provided.

[0020] In the aforementioned compressor system, each of the guide vane stages can extend in a radial direction with respect to the axis line and comprise a plurality of guide vanes arranged in a circumferential direction and having a low-pressure surface facing upstream and a high-pressure surface facing downstream, and the sensing device can be provided on the low-pressure surface.

[0021] In this process, the separation and backflow of the working fluid are generated particularly easily at the low-pressure surface of the guide vane. Since the detection device is provided at the low-pressure surface according to the above design, the separation and backflow described above can be detected immediately and precisely.

[0022] In the aforementioned compressor system, the compressor may comprise: a rotor shaft that can rotate about an axis, an impeller provided on the rotor shaft, and a casing that covers the impeller from an outer circumferential side and forms a flow path through which the working fluid flows on an upstream side and a downstream side of the impeller, wherein the upstream region is a region in the flow path further upstream than the impeller, and wherein the downstream region is a region in the flow path that is further downstream than the impeller.

[0023] It is known that in the compressor, as described above, pumping occurs particularly easily in a region further upstream of the impeller and in a region further downstream of the impeller. Since, according to the above design, these are the upstream and downstream regions, the occurrence of pumping can be detected immediately and precisely, and an indication thereof can be given.

[0024] In the aforementioned compressor system, the flow path may include a diffuser flow path provided and configured on a downstream side of the impeller to guide the working fluid from an inner side to an outer side in the radial direction with respect to the axis line, and a return flow path provided and configured further downstream of the diffuser flow path to guide the working fluid from the outer side to the inner side in the radial direction, and the detection device may be provided in at least one of the diffuser flow path and the return flow path.

[0025] According to the above design, since the detection device is provided in at least one of the diffuser flow path and the return flow path, the occurrence of pumps and an indication thereof in the downstream area can be detected accurately and precisely.

[0026] A compressor system according to one aspect of the present invention comprises: a compressor with: an upstream section into which a working fluid flows, a downstream section connected to the upstream section in which the working fluid pressure is higher than in the upstream section, inlet guide vanes (IGVs) located further upstream than the upstream section and capable of altering the flow rate of the working fluid entering the upstream section, and an extraction section located in a segment between the upstream section and the downstream section, capable of extracting at least a portion of the working fluid, sensing devices, at least one of which is located in each of the upstream and downstream sections, for sensing a physical parameter of the working fluid, and a control device for adjusting,based on changes in the physical quantity detected by the sensing devices, the degree of opening of the inlet guide vanes, and the quantity extracted by the extraction part, the compressor comprising: a rotor shaft capable of rotating about an axis, a plurality of impeller blade stages provided on the rotor shaft and arranged in one direction of the axis, a casing covering the rotor shaft and the impeller blade stages from an outer circumferential side, and a plurality of guide vane stages provided on an inner circumferential surface of the casing and arranged alternately with the plurality of impeller blade stages in the direction of the axis, the upstream region being a region further upstream than an impeller blade stage of the plurality of impeller blade stages being a third stage from the most upstream side, the downstream region being a regionwhich is located further downstream than a rotor blade stage of the plurality of rotor blade stages, which is a third stage from the most downstream side, wherein each of the rotor blade stages extends in a radial direction with respect to the axis line and comprises a plurality of rotor blades arranged in a circumferential direction and having a low-pressure surface facing upstream and a high-pressure surface facing downstream, and wherein each of the detection devices is provided on the low-pressure surface.

[0027] In both the upstream and downstream sections of the compressor, at least one detection device is provided. The detection device measures a physical parameter of the working fluid. Based on changes in this physical parameter, the control device detects an abnormality in the flow of the working fluid. The control device adjusts either the opening degree of the inlet guide vane or the extraction rate. In this way, the abnormality occurring in the flow of the working fluid can be eliminated. Furthermore, it is known that in the aforementioned compressor, pumping occurs particularly easily in the section located further upstream from the furthest upstream side than the third impeller stage, and in the section located further downstream from the furthest downstream side than the third impeller stage.Since the upstream and downstream regions are involved according to the above design, the occurrence of pumping events can be detected and indicated quickly and accurately. The separation and backflow of the working fluid are generated particularly easily at the vacuum surface of the guide vane. According to the above design, the separation and backflow described above can be detected immediately and precisely by the detection device provided at the vacuum surface.

[0028] In the aforementioned compressor system, the sensing device may comprise: a pair of temperature sensing units arranged in a flow direction of the working fluid, and a heating unit arranged between the pair of temperature sensing units which heats the working fluid, wherein the physical quantity may comprise a temperature difference of the working fluid which is detected by the pair of temperature sensing units, and wherein the control device may, based on a value of the physical quantity, determine a speed at which each of the inlet guide vanes is closed when a command to reduce a load of the compressor is issued.

[0029] If, during a command to reduce the compressor load, the inlet guide vane closes at too high a speed to decrease the flow of working fluid, there is a risk that an insufficient amount of working fluid will be compressed downstream, resulting in backflow of the working fluid to the upstream side (pumping occurs). Conversely, if the inlet guide vane closes at too low a speed, the temperature of the combustion gas will drop because too much working fluid is supplied to the combustion chamber on the downstream side. This poses a risk of combustion vibrations and increased NOx emissions. According to the above configuration, the control system determines the operating speed based on the temperature difference detected by the pair of temperature sensing devices, i.e., the velocity.The flow rate of the fluid determines the speed at which the inlet guide vane closes. Therefore, the inlet guide vane can be closed at a suitable speed, preventing excessive pumping and unstable combustion. This allows the compressor load to be reduced quickly and stably.

[0030] In the aforementioned compressor system, the control device can close the inlet guide vane at a relatively high speed when the physical quantity is greater than a predetermined threshold, and close the inlet guide vane at a relatively low speed when the physical quantity is less than the threshold.

[0031] According to the above design, an optimal closing speed for the inlet guide vane can be easily determined by evaluating the magnitude of the physical quantity based on a predetermined threshold value. This allows for a rapid reduction in compressor load while minimizing the likelihood of pump surges and unstable combustion.

[0032] In the aforementioned compressor system, the control device can determine to which numerical range of a plurality of predetermined numerical ranges the physical quantity belongs, and close the inlet guide vane by selecting a predetermined speed corresponding to the numerical range to which the physical quantity belongs.

[0033] According to the above embodiment, the inlet guide vane can be closed by selecting a speed that corresponds to the numerical range to which the physical quantity belongs. Thus, the closing speed of the inlet guide vane can be determined based on the value of the physical quantity. This allows the compressor load to be reduced more quickly while further preventing the occurrence of pump surges and unstable combustion.

[0034] In the aforementioned compressor system, the control device can determine a speed at which the inlet guide vane is closed, with reference to a table that shows a relationship between the physical quantity and an optimal speed at which the inlet guide vane is closed according to a value relating to the physical quantity.

[0035] According to the above embodiment, the inlet guide vane can be closed by selecting the speed in accordance with the table, which shows the relationship between the optimal closing speed and the physical quantity. Thus, the closing speed of the inlet guide vane can be determined based on the value of the physical quantity. In this way, the compressor load can be reduced more quickly, while further reducing the probability of pump surges and unstable combustion.

[0036] A compressor system according to one aspect of the present invention comprises: a compressor with: an upstream region into which a working fluid flows, a downstream region connected to the upstream region in which the working fluid pressure is higher than in the upstream region, and inlet guide vanes located further upstream than the upstream region and capable of changing the flow rate of the working fluid entering the upstream region, sensing devices, at least one of which is located in the downstream region, for sensing a physical quantity of the working fluid, and a control device for adjusting the degree of opening of the inlet guide vanes based on changes in the physical quantity detected by the sensing devices, each of the sensing devices comprising a pair of temperature sensing units.which are arranged in a flow direction of the working fluid, and wherein a heating unit arranged between the pair of temperature sensing devices and which heats the working fluid, wherein the physical quantity comprises a temperature difference of the working fluid which is detected by the pair of temperature sensing devices, and wherein, when a command to reduce a load of the compressor is issued, the control device determines, based on a value of the physical quantity, a speed at which each of the inlet guide vanes is closed.

[0037] If, during a command to reduce the compressor load, the inlet guide vane closes at too high a speed to decrease the flow of working fluid, there is a risk that insufficient working fluid will be compressed downstream, leading to backflow of the working fluid to the upstream side (pump-like effect). Conversely, if the inlet guide vane closes at too low a speed, the combustion gas temperature drops because too much working fluid is supplied to the combustion chamber on the downstream side. This poses a risk of combustion vibrations and an increase in NOx emissions. According to the above embodiment, the control device determines the required closing speed based on the temperature difference detected by the pair of temperature sensors, i.e., the speed of the inlet guide vane.The flow rate of the fluid determines the speed at which the inlet guide vane closes. Therefore, the inlet guide vane can be closed at a suitable speed, preventing the pumping and unstable combustion described above. This allows the compressor load to be reduced quickly and stably.

[0038] In the aforementioned compressor system, the control device can close the inlet guide vane at a relatively high speed when the physical quantity is greater than a predetermined threshold, and close the inlet guide vane at a relatively low speed when the physical quantity is less than the threshold.

[0039] According to the above design, the optimal speed at which the inlet guide vane closes can be easily determined by evaluating the magnitude of the physical quantity based on the predetermined threshold value. In this way, the compressor load can be quickly reduced while decreasing the probability of pump surges and unstable combustion.

[0040] In the aforementioned compressor system, the control device can determine to which numerical range of a plurality of predetermined numerical ranges the physical quantity belongs, and close the inlet guide vane by selecting a predetermined speed to correspond to the numerical range to which the physical quantity belongs.

[0041] According to the above embodiment, the inlet guide vane can be closed by selecting a speed that corresponds to the numerical range to which the physical quantity belongs. Thus, the closing speed of the inlet guide vane can be determined more precisely based on the value of the physical quantity. This allows the compressor load to be reduced more quickly, while further decreasing the probability of pump surges and unstable combustion.

[0042] In the compressor system, the control device can determine a speed at which the inlet guide vane is closed, with reference to a table that shows a relationship between the physical quantity and an optimal speed at which the inlet guide vane is closed according to a value relating to the physical quantity.

[0043] According to the above embodiment, the inlet guide vane can be closed by selecting the speed in accordance with the table, which shows the relationship between the optimal closing speed and the physical quantity. Thus, the closing speed of the inlet guide vane can be determined based on the value of the physical quantity. In this way, the compressor load can be reduced more quickly, while further reducing the probability of pump surges and unstable combustion. [Advantageous effects of the invention]

[0044] According to the present invention, a compressor system can be provided that detects the occurrence of pumping with higher accuracy and minimizes pumping. List of characters Fig. Figure 1 is a representation showing the construction of a gas turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a compressor system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 3 is a schematic representation showing the structure of a detection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 4 is a diagram showing the hardware setup of a control device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 5 is a block diagram of the control device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 6 is a diagram describing an example of changes in temperature difference detected using the detection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 7 is a perspective view showing the construction of a guide vane according to a modified example of the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a compressor system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 9 is a representation showing the construction of a gas turbine according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 10 is a block diagram of a control device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 11 is a flowchart describing the operation of the control device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 12 is a flowchart describing a modified example of the operation of the control device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. Figure 13 is a flowchart describing a further modified example of the operation of the control device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. [Description of the embodiments]<Erste Ausführungsform>

[0045] A first embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the Fig. 1 to Fig. 6 described. As in Fig. Figure 1 shows a gas turbine 100 according to the embodiment comprising a compressor system 1, a combustion chamber 2, and a turbine 3. The compressor system 1 compresses ambient air (a working fluid) to produce air under high pressure. The combustion chamber 2 mixes fuel with high-pressure air and combusts the mixture to produce a combustion gas with high temperature and high pressure. This combustion gas sets the turbine 3 in rotation. The turbine 3 and the compressor system 1 are connected by a rotor shaft 4 extending along an axis O. Therefore, the rotation of the turbine 3 is transmitted to the compressor system 1 via the rotor shaft 4.

[0046] The compressor system 1 comprises a compressor 11, inlet guide vanes (IGV) 11C, capture devices 21, a discharge flow path L (a sampling section), a discharge valve V, and a control device 90. The compressor 11 compresses air that is guided from one side (an upstream side) in the direction of an axis O and supplies the compressed air to the combustion chamber 2, which is provided on the other side (a downstream side). The compressor 11 is therefore an axial compressor. The compressor 11 comprises an upstream section 11A, located on an upstream side in the direction of axis O, and a downstream section 11B, located on a downstream side, although this will be described in detail later. The pressure of the working fluid (air) in the downstream area 11B is greater than that in the upstream area 11A.Ambient air is introduced into the upstream section 11A via the inlet guide vane 11C. The inlet guide vane 11C is designed to regulate the volume of air flowing through the upstream section 11A. The opening degree of the inlet guide vane 11C can be changed using an electrical signal transmitted by the control device 90, which will be described later.

[0047] In the upstream section 11A, at least one (a first detection device 21A) of the detection devices 21 is provided, which detects a physical quantity of air flowing through the upstream section 11A. Similarly, in the downstream section 11B, at least one (a second detection device 21B) of the detection devices 21 is provided, which detects a physical quantity of air flowing through the downstream section 11B.

[0048] The compressor has 11, as shown in Fig. Figure 2 shows the rotor shaft 4, which can rotate about the axis line O, a plurality of rotor blade stages 42 arranged on an outer circumferential surface of the rotor shaft 4 in the direction of the axis line O, a housing 30 that covers the rotor shaft 4 and the rotor blade stages 42 from an outer circumferential side, and a plurality of guide vane stages 41 provided on an inner circumferential surface of the housing 30. The guide vane stages 41 are arranged alternately with the rotor blade stages 42 in the direction of the axis line O. The upstream region 11A described above refers to a region located further upstream than a rotor blade stage 42 of the plurality of rotor blade stages 42, which is a third stage from the most upstream side.The first detection device 21A is thus provided on the inner circumferential surface of the housing 30 corresponding to a guide vane stage 42 located on the most upstream side (a first guide vane stage 42A) and a guide vane stage 42 that is a second stage from the upstream side (a second guide vane stage 42B). The first detection device 21A can also be provided for a first guide vane stage 41A adjacent to a first guide vane stage 42A and for a second guide vane stage 41B adjacent to a second guide vane stage 42B.

[0049] The downstream region 11B described above also refers to a region located further downstream than a blade stage 42 of the plurality of blade stages 42, which is a third stage from the most downstream side. The second detection device 21B is therefore provided on the inner circumferential surface of the housing 30, corresponding to a blade stage 42 located on the most downstream side (an outlet-side last blade stage 42D) and a blade stage 42 that is a second stage from the downstream side (an outlet-side blade stage 42C). The second detection device 21B can also be provided for an outlet-side last guide vane stage 41D adjacent to an outlet-side last blade stage 42D and an outlet-side guide vane stage 41C adjacent to an outlet-side blade stage 42C.Furthermore, the second detection device 21B can also be provided on the inner circumferential surface of the housing 30, which corresponds to a diffuser flow path guide vane stage 41E, which is provided on a downstream side of the outlet-side last impeller vane stage 42D.

[0050] The detection device 21 detects changes in the flow direction Df and the flow velocity of the air in the compressor 11 as physical quantities. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 3, the sensing device 21 comprises a pair of temperature sensing devices 61 arranged at intervals in the flow direction Df, and a heating device 62 located between the temperature sensing devices 61. Both the temperature sensing devices 61 and the heating device 62 are in direct contact with the working fluid. Thus, the temperature sensing devices 61 and the heating device 62 are exposed on a surface (an inner circumferential surface) of the housing 30. Each of the temperature sensing devices 61 detects the temperature of the air that is in contact with the temperature sensing device 61 itself. The heating device 62 heats air flowing near the heating device 62 itself.Since the air is heated by the heating unit 62, the air temperature Td detected by the temperature sensing device 61, located on the downstream side in the direction of flow Df, is higher than the air temperature Tu detected by the temperature sensing device 61, located on the upstream side. Furthermore, the value of the temperature difference (Td-Tu) between these values ​​increases as the air flow velocity increases. Additionally, the temperature difference (Td-Tu) has a negative value when the direction of air flow Df changes (i.e., the flow direction is reversed). Fig. Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of how this temperature difference changes over time. In the example in Fig. 6. At time t1, the temperature difference is temporarily reduced. In this case, it can be determined that the airflow velocity in a corresponding area has temporarily decreased. Furthermore, at time t2, the temperature difference is zero. In this case, it can be determined that the airflow velocity in a corresponding area is zero (i.e., the fluid comes to a standstill).

[0051] As in Fig. 1 or Fig. As shown again in Figure 2, the compressor 11, according to the embodiment, comprises the discharge flow path L, which can extract a section of air flowing through a region (an intermediate stage) between the upstream region 11A and the downstream region 11B, and the discharge valve V, which is provided on the discharge flow path L. The discharge flow path L is connected to an exhaust flow path Le, which is connected to an outlet opening of the turbine 3. By adjusting the opening degree of the discharge valve V, the amount of air extracted through the discharge flow path L (an extraction rate) can be changed.

[0052] The control device 90 sets the opening degree of the inlet guide vane 11C and the opening degree of the discharge valve V based on the physical quantity detected by the detection device 21 described above. As in Fig. As shown in Figure 4, the control device 90 is a computer comprising a central processing unit (CPU) 91, a read-only memory (ROM) 92, a random access memory (RAM) 93, a hard disk drive (HDD) 94, and a signal receiving module 95 (input / output: I / O). The signal receiving module 95 receives the physical quantity detected by the sensing device 21 as an electrical signal. The signal receiving module 95 can receive a signal that is amplified, for example, by a charge amplifier or similar device.

[0053] As in Fig. Figure 5 shows that the CPU 91 of the control device 90 comprises a control unit 81, a flow velocity calculation unit 82, a flow direction calculation unit 83, a storage unit 84, and a determination unit 85, which executes a program pre-stored in the control device 90 itself. The control unit 81 controls further functional units provided in the control device 90. The values ​​of the temperature differences described above, detected by the sensing devices 21, are input as numerical value information to the flow velocity calculation unit 82 and the flow direction calculation unit 83.

[0054] The flow velocity calculation unit 82 calculates an air flow velocity based on an absolute value of the temperature difference. The flow direction calculation unit 83 calculates an air flow direction based on positive and negative temperature differences. The determination unit 85 compares the flow velocity calculated by the flow velocity calculation unit 82 and the flow direction calculated by the flow direction calculation unit 83 with threshold values ​​stored in the storage unit 84. For example, if a decrease in flow velocity or a reversal of flow direction is detected only by the second detection device 21B, which is located in the downstream region 11B (i.e.,If a temperature difference changes (i.e., decreases), an electrical signal used to adjust the opening degree of the inlet guide vane 11C is transmitted to the inlet guide vane 11C, increasing the opening degree. Conversely, if a decrease in flow velocity or a reversal of flow direction is detected only by the first sensing device 21A, located in the upstream region 11A (i.e., a temperature difference changes (decreases)), an electrical signal used to adjust the opening degree of the discharge valve V is transmitted from the determining unit 85 to the discharge valve V, increasing the opening degree.

[0055] An operation of the gas turbine 100 according to the embodiment is described below. During operation of the gas turbine 100, the compressor 11 is first driven using an electric motor or the like (not shown). When the compressor 11 is driven, ambient air is drawn into the compressor 11 via the inlet guide vane 11C, generating high-pressure air. The combustion chamber 2 mixes fuel with this high-pressure air and combusts the mixture to produce a combustion gas with high temperature and high pressure. The turbine 3 is set in rotation using the combustion gas. Rotational force from the turbine 3 is extracted at one shaft end and used to drive an electric generator (not shown) or the like.

[0056] It is known that when the operating point is changed such that a pressure ratio is increased, while the number of revolutions in the compressor 11 is kept constant as described above, a phenomenon occurs that is referred to as turning stall or surging. In particular, surging can, in some cases, lead to backflow of a working fluid within the compressor or to vibrations of the rotor shaft. In this embodiment, the sensing device 21 described above detects a flow velocity and a flow direction as physical properties of the air, and the control device 90 adjusts either the opening degree of the inlet guide vane 11C or the opening degree of the discharge valve V based on the flow velocity and flow direction.

[0057] In particular, it can be determined that when the temperature difference between the pair of temperature sensing devices 61, which are detected by the second sensing device 21B for the downstream region 11B, decreases, the flow velocity of the working fluid in the downstream region 11B decreases. If the flow velocity decreases further, this can, in some cases, lead to a change in the flow direction. Thus, a decrease in flow velocity can be said to indicate backflow. In this case, it can be determined that the flow rate of the working fluid in the downstream region 11B of the compressor 11 becomes too high and the flow of the working fluid begins to separate (pumping occurs). In this way, the control device 90 controls the opening degree of the inlet guide vane 11C so that the opening degree increases.

[0058] On the other hand, it can be determined that if the temperature difference between the pair of temperature sensing devices 61, which is detected by the first sensing device 21A for the upstream section 11A, decreases, the flow velocity of the working fluid in the upstream section 11A has decreased. In this case, it can be determined that the flow rate of the working fluid in the upstream section 11A of the compressor 11 becomes too high and the flow of the working fluid begins to stall (in some cases, pumping occurs). In this way, the control device 90 controls the opening degree of the discharge valve V so that the opening degree increases and adjusts the amount of air extracted through the discharge flow path L so that the extraction rate increases. In this way, for example, backflow (i.e.,a change in the flow direction of the working fluid in the compressor or a decrease in the flow velocity, which indicates a backflow, must be detected immediately.

[0059] As described above according to the embodiment, at least one of the detection devices 21 is provided for the upstream section 11A and the downstream section 11B of the compressor 11. The detection device 21 detects a physical parameter of the working fluid. Based on changes in this physical parameter, the control device 90 detects an abnormality in the flow of the working fluid. The control device 90 controls either the opening degree of the inlet guide vane 11C or the extraction rate. In this way, the abnormality occurring in the flow of the working fluid can be eliminated.

[0060] In accordance with the above embodiment, the sensing device 21 comprises a pair of temperature sensing devices 61 arranged in the flow direction Df, with the heating unit 62 positioned between them. When the working fluid flows through the pair of temperature sensing devices 61 in the flow direction Df, it is heated by the heating unit 62. This results in a temperature difference, which is detected between the temperature sensing device 61 located on the downstream side in the flow direction Df and the temperature sensing device 61 located on the upstream side in the flow direction Df. Thus, it can be detected that the working fluid is flowing towards the side where the temperature sensing device 61 with the higher detected temperature is located. Therefore, the flow direction Df of the working fluid can be detected.If an absolute value of the temperature difference detected by the pair of temperature sensing devices 61 is recorded, changes in the flow velocity of the working fluid can also be detected. In this way, for example, a backflow (i.e., a change in the flow direction) of the working fluid in the compressor 11 or a decrease in flow velocity indicating a backflow can be detected immediately.

[0061] Furthermore, according to the foregoing embodiment, it can be determined that if the temperature difference between the pair of temperature sensing devices 61, which are detected by the sensing device 21 of the downstream section 11B, decreases, the flow velocity of the working fluid in the downstream section 11B has decreased. If the flow velocity continues to decrease, it is likely that this will eventually lead to a change in the flow direction. Thus, the decrease in flow velocity can be said to indicate backflow. In this case, it can be determined that the flow rate of the working fluid in the downstream section 11B of the compressor 11 becomes too high and the flow of the working fluid begins to separate (pumping occurs). In this way, the control device 90 controls the opening degree of the inlet guide vane 11C so that the opening degree increases.This increases the flow rate of the working fluid supplied to the downstream region 11B. This prevents pumping before it develops.

[0062] Furthermore, according to the foregoing embodiment, it can be determined that if the temperature difference between the pair of temperature sensing devices 61, which is detected by the sensing device 21 of the upstream section 11A, decreases and the flow velocity of the working fluid in the upstream section 11A has decreased, and if the flow velocity continues to decrease, it is likely that this will eventually lead to a change in the flow direction. Thus, the decrease in flow velocity can be said to indicate backflow. In this case, it can be determined that the flow rate of the working fluid in the upstream section 11A of the compressor 11 becomes too high and the flow of the working fluid comes to a standstill (pump-starting occurs). In this way, the control device 90 performs an adjustment so that the amount of fluid drawn through the discharge flow path L increases.This removes the working fluid that comes to a standstill in the upstream section 11A, thus eliminating the stagnation in the flow. In this way, the occurrence of pumping can be prevented before it develops.

[0063] It is known that in the compressor 11, as described above, pumping occurs particularly easily in a region located further upstream than a rotor blade stage 42, which is a third stage from the upstream side, and in a region located further downstream than a rotor blade stage 42, which is a third stage from the downstream side. According to the above embodiment, since these regions are the upstream region 11A and the downstream region 11B, the occurrence of pumping and the indication thereof can be detected immediately and precisely.

[0064] The first embodiment of the present invention has been described above. Various changes and modifications can be provided to the above embodiment without deviating from the core of the present invention. For example, the above embodiment has been described in which the detection device 21 is provided on the inner circumferential surface of the housing 30 in the upstream region 11A and the downstream region 11B.

[0065] However, another example can be seen in Fig. As shown in Figure 7, a detection device 21 may also be provided on a guide vane 41p in a guide vane stage 41. In particular, the guide vane stage 41 has a plurality of guide vanes 41p arranged circumferentially along an inner circumferential surface of a housing 30. The detection device 21 may be arranged on at least one of the guide vanes 41p. Each of the guide vanes 41p has a flow-profile-shaped cross-section, in which the guide vane extends from an upstream side to a downstream side in a flow direction Df. A surface oriented downstream in the flow direction Df is concave towards the downstream side and serves as an overpressure surface S1. A surface facing downstream is convex towards the upstream side and serves as an underpressure surface S2.Furthermore, an upstream edge is a leading edge Ef and a downstream edge is a trailing edge Ed. Preferably, the detection device 21 is provided at a position that is radially biased outwards or inwards on the vacuum surface S2 and is located closer to the trailing edge Ed than to the leading edge Ef.

[0066] This makes it particularly easy for the working fluid to detach or flow back at the low-pressure surface S2 of the guide vane 41p. According to the above design, the detection device 21 provided on the low-pressure surface S2 can detect the detachment and backflow described above immediately and precisely. <Zweite Ausführungsform>

[0067] A second embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to Fig. 8 described. Components of the second embodiment that are identical to those of the preceding first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof is omitted. As in Fig. Figure 8 shows the above-described detection devices 21 provided in a compressor 211 as a centrifugal compressor.

[0068] The compressor 211 has a rotor shaft 50 that can rotate about an axis O, an impeller 5 that is integrally attached to the rotor shaft 50, and a casing 55 that covers the impeller 5 on one outer circumferential side. The impeller 5 has a disk 51 extending radially to the axis O, a plurality of blades 52 facing upstream of the disk 51, and a cover 53 that covers the blades 52 on the upstream side. An impeller flow path P2 is formed between the cover 53, the disk 51, and the adjacent blades 52, through which air flows as the working fluid.

[0069] Within the housing 55, a guide flow path P1, a diffuser flow path P3, a return bending section P4, and a return flow path P5 are provided, which are connected to the impeller flow path P2. The diffuser flow path P3 is connected to a radially outer end section of the impeller flow path P2 and extends radially outwards. The return bending section P4 is connected to the radially outer end section of the diffuser flow path P3 and extends in a direction in which the return bending section P4 is reversed to be radially inwards. The discharge flow path L' described in the preceding first embodiment is connected to the radially outermost side of the return bending section P4.The return flow path P5 is connected to a downstream side of the return bend section P4 and to the guide flow path P1 of a subsequent stage located on the downstream side. A return blade 54 is provided in the return flow path P5.

[0070] In such a compressor 211, a region further upstream than the impeller 5 is an upstream region 211A, and a region further downstream than the impeller 5 is a downstream region 211B. One of the detection devices 21 described in the first embodiment above (the first detection device 21A) is provided in the upstream region 211A. In particular, the first detection device 21A is provided on an inner circumferential surface of the housing 55 in the guide flow path P1. Second detection devices 21B are provided in the downstream region 211B. In particular, each of the second detection devices 21B is provided on each upstream side wall surface and each downstream side wall surface of the diffuser flow path P3.Furthermore, each of the second detection devices 21B is provided at an upstream end section and a downstream end section of the return vane 54. An embodiment can also be chosen in which the second detection device 21B is provided only in the diffuser flow path P3 or in the return vane 54.

[0071] It is known that in the compressor 211 described above, pumping occurs particularly easily in a region located further upstream than the impeller 5 and in a region located further downstream than the impeller 5. According to the above embodiment, since the regions are the upstream region 211A and the downstream region 211B, and the detection device 21 is provided in each of the regions, the occurrence of pumping and an indication thereof can be detected immediately and precisely.

[0072] Furthermore, according to the above design, since the detection device 21 is provided in the diffuser flow path P3 and / or the return flow path P5, the occurrence of pumps and an indication thereof can be detected accurately and precisely in the downstream area 211B.

[0073] The second embodiment of the present invention has been described above. Various changes and modifications can be provided to the above embodiment without deviating from the core of the present invention. <Dritte Ausführungsform>

[0074] A compressor system 200 according to a third embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the Fig. 9 to Fig. 11. Components of the third embodiment that are identical to those of the preceding embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof is omitted. In this embodiment, the control of an inlet guide vane (IGV) 11C is described when a command to reduce the load of a gas turbine 100 is issued.

[0075] As in Fig. Figure 9 shows that in the compressor system 200 according to the embodiment, a detection device 21 has only the second detection device 21B described above. Furthermore, the compressor system 200 does not have the discharge flow path L (the extraction part) and the discharge valve V described above. In addition, a control device 90 differs in its design from that of the embodiments described above.

[0076] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 10, the control device 90 comprises a control unit 81, a flow velocity calculation unit 82, a closing velocity determination unit 83b, a storage unit 84, and a determination unit 85. The control unit 81 controls other functional units provided in the control device 90. The aforementioned value for the temperature difference detected by the sensing device 21 is entered into the flow velocity calculation unit 82 as numerical value information.

[0077] The flow velocity calculation unit 82 calculates a flow velocity (or flow rate) of the air based on an absolute value of the temperature difference. The determination unit 85 compares a flow velocity calculated by the flow velocity calculation unit 82 with a threshold value stored in the storage unit 84. The closing velocity determination unit 83b determines a closing velocity of the inlet guide vane 11C based on the determination result of the determination unit 85. In particular, as in Fig. As shown in Figure 11, after issuing a load reduction command (step S1), the values ​​of a temperature difference (i.e., the flow velocity) and a predetermined threshold are compared (step S2). If the temperature difference is determined to be greater than the threshold, the inlet guide vane 11C is closed at a relatively high speed (step S31). Conversely, if the temperature difference is determined to be less than the threshold, the inlet guide vane 11C is closed at a relatively low speed. Next, it is determined whether the output of the gas turbine 100 has decreased to a target output (step S4). If it is determined that the output of the gas turbine 100 has not decreased to the target output, steps S2 to S4 described above are repeated.The process is terminated when it is determined that the output of gas turbine 100 has decreased to the target output.

[0078] If a command is given here to reduce the load of compressor 11 (of the gas turbine 100), and the inlet guide vane 11C is closed at an excessively high speed to reduce the incoming air volume, there is a risk that the amount of air compressed in the downstream section 11B will be insufficient and air will flow back upstream (a pump surge may occur). On the other hand, if the inlet guide vane 11C is closed at too low a speed, the temperature of the combustion gas will drop because too much air will be supplied to a combustion chamber 2 on the downstream side. As a result, there is a risk of combustion vibrations being generated and the amount of NOx emitted will increase. According to the above embodiment, the control device 90 determines, based on the temperature difference detected by a pair of temperature sensing devices 61, i.e.,a velocity or flow rate of a fluid, a velocity at which the inlet guide vane 11C is closed. For this reason, the inlet guide vane 11C can be closed at a suitable velocity, preventing the increase and unstable combustion described above. As a result, the load on the gas turbine 100 can be reduced stably and rapidly.

[0079] Furthermore, according to the above embodiment, an optimal velocity at which the inlet guide vane 11C closes can be determined by simply evaluating the flow velocity or flow rate 9 based on the predetermined threshold value. In this way, the load on the gas turbine 100 can be rapidly reduced, thereby decreasing the probability of pumping surges and unstable combustion.

[0080] The third embodiment of the present invention has been described above. Various changes and modifications can be made to the above embodiment without deviating from the core concept of the present invention. For example, the control device 90 described in the third embodiment (for example, the control device 90 which further comprises the closing speed determination unit 83b) can also be combined with and applied to the configuration described in the first embodiment (i.e., the configuration which comprises the first detection device 21A, the discharge flow path L and the discharge valve V).

[0081] An operation of the closing speed determination unit 83b in the third embodiment is also an example. Furthermore, as another example, a closing speed determination unit 83b can also be formed such that the one described in the Fig. 12 and Fig. The process shown in section 13 is carried out.

[0082] In the example of Fig. 12 The control device 90 determines a detailed numerical range of a temperature difference (i.e., a flow velocity or flow rate) detected by a temperature sensing device 21, which comprises a plurality of predetermined continuous numerical ranges (step 2B). Furthermore, the inlet guide vane 11C is closed by selecting a predetermined closing velocity corresponding to the numerical range to which the temperature difference belongs (steps S3A to S3C). Although in the example of Fig. 12 three speeds (one high, one medium and one low speed) are set as speeds for closing the inlet guide vane 11C, the number of speed ranges is not limited to three and four or more speed ranges can be set.

[0083] According to the above embodiment, the inlet guide vane 11C can be closed by selecting a velocity that corresponds to the numerical range to which the measurement result of the temperature sensing device 21 belongs. Thus, a closing velocity for the inlet guide vane 11C can be precisely determined based on the magnitude of the temperature difference (i.e., the flow velocity or flow rate). This allows the load on the gas turbine 100 to be reduced more quickly, while further reducing the probability of pumping surges and unstable combustion.

[0084] In the example of Fig.Step 13 determines the speed at which the inlet guide vane 11C is closed by the control device 90, referring to a table that shows a relationship between the measurement result of the temperature sensing device 21 and the optimal speed at which the inlet guide vane 11C is closed according to the value with respect to the temperature difference (step S2C). The inlet guide vane 11C is then closed at the determined speed (step S3C).

[0085] According to the above embodiment, the closing of the inlet guide vane 11C can be achieved by selecting the velocity in accordance with the table, which shows the relationship between the optimal closing velocity of the inlet guide vane 11C and the temperature difference (i.e., the flow velocity or flow rate). Thus, the closing velocity of the inlet guide vane 11C can be determined more precisely based on the magnitude of the temperature difference. In this way, the load on the gas turbine 100 can be reduced more quickly, while further reducing the probability of pumping shocks and unstable combustion. [Industrial applicability]

[0086] According to the present invention, a compressor system can be provided which can detect the occurrence of pumps with higher accuracy and minimize the occurrence of pumps. Reference symbol list 100,200 gas turbine 1 compressor system 2 Combustion chamber 3 Turbine 4.50 Rotor shaft 5 impellers 11,211 compressors 11A, 211A upstream area 11B,211B downstream area 11C Inlet guide vane (IGV) 21 Detection device 21A first detection device 21B second detection device 30.55 case 41 Guide vane stage 41A first guide vane stage 41B second guide vane stage 41C outlet-side guide vane stage 41D outlet-side last guide vane stage 41E Diffuser Flow Path Guide Vane Stage 42A first impeller stage 42B second impeller stage 42C outlet-side impeller stage 42D outlet-side last impeller stage 51 disc 52 shovels 53 Cover 54 Return shovel 61 Temperature sensing device 62 heating units 81 Control unit 82 Unit of calculation for flow velocity 83 Unit of calculation for flow direction 83b Unit of determination of closing speed 84 storage units 85 Unit of determination 90 Control device 91 CPU 92 ROM 93 RAM 94 HDD 95 I / O Df Flow direction Ed Hinterkante Ef front edge L,L' exhaust flow path Le exhaust gas flow path O axle line P1 Guide flow path P2 Impeller flow path P3 Diffuser Flow Path P4 Return Curve Section P5 Return Flow Path S1 overpressure surface S2 vacuum surface Td,Tu temperature V exhaust valve QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] JP 2019059225

[0002] JP 4030490

[0005]

Claims

[1] Having a compressor system: a compressor with: an upstream area into which a working fluid flows, a downstream area that is connected to the upstream area and in which the pressure of the working fluid is higher than in the upstream area, Inlet guide vanes that are located further upstream than the upstream area and can change the flow rate of the working fluid flowing into the upstream area, and a sampling section that is provided in a section between the upstream area and the downstream area and is capable of extracting at least a portion of the working fluid, Detection devices, at least one of which is provided in both the upstream and downstream regions, for detecting a physical quantity of the working fluid, and a control device for adjustment, based on changes in the physical quantity detected by the sensing devices, the degree of opening of the inlet guide vanes, and the quantity taken from the extraction part. [2] The compressor system according to claim 1, wherein each of the detection devices comprises: a pair of temperature sensing units arranged in one flow direction of the working fluid, and a heating unit that is positioned between the pair of temperature sensing units and heats the working fluid, where the physical quantity comprises a flow direction and a flow velocity of the working fluid, based on a temperature difference of the working fluid detected by the pair of temperature sensing units. [3] The compressor system according to claim 2, wherein the temperature sensing unit and the heating unit are exposed to the working fluid. [4] The compressor system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the control device adjusts the degree of opening of the inlet guide vanes such that the degree of opening increases when the temperature difference changes, so that the temperature difference decreases in the downstream region. [5] The compressor system according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the control device adjusts the extraction quantity such that the extraction quantity increases when the temperature difference in the upstream area changes such that the temperature difference decreases. [6] The compressor system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the compressor comprises: a rotor shaft that can rotate around an axis, a multitude of rotor blade stages provided on the rotor shaft and arranged in one direction along the axis line, a housing that covers the rotor shaft and the impeller blade stages from an outer circumferential side, and a plurality of guide vane stages provided on an inner circumferential surface of the housing and arranged alternately with the plurality of guide vane stages in the direction of the axis line, where the upstream region is a region that lies further upstream than a rotor blade stage of the plurality of rotor blade stages, which is a third stage from the most upstream side, and where the downstream area is an area that is further downstream than a rotor blade stage of the plurality of rotor blade stages, which is a third stage from the most downstream side. [7] The compressor system according to claim 6, wherein each of the guide vane stages extends in a radial direction with respect to the axis line and comprises a plurality of guide vanes arranged in a circumferential direction and having a low-pressure surface directed upstream and a high-pressure surface directed downstream, and the sensing device is provided on the low-pressure surface. [8] The compressor system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the compressor comprises: a rotor shaft that can rotate around an axis, an impeller that is provided on the rotor shaft, and a housing that covers the impeller from an outer circumferential side and forms a flow path through which the working fluid flows on an upstream side and a downstream side of the impeller, where the upstream region is a region in the flow path further upstream than the impeller, and where the downstream area is an area in the flow path that is further downstream than the impeller. [9] The compressor system according to claim 8, wherein the flow path comprises a diffuser flow path provided and configured on a downstream side of the impeller to guide the working fluid from an inner side to an outer side in the radial direction with respect to the axis line, and a return flow path provided and configured further downstream of the diffuser flow path to guide the working fluid from the outer side to the inner side in the radial direction, and the detection device is provided in at least one of the diffuser flow path and the return flow path. [10] Having a compressor system: a compressor with: an upstream area into which a working fluid flows, a downstream area that is connected to the upstream area and in which the pressure of the working fluid is higher than in the upstream area, Inlet guide vanes that are located further upstream than the upstream area and can alter the flow rate of the working fluid entering the upstream area, and a sampling section that is provided in a section between the upstream area and the downstream area and is capable of extracting at least a portion of the working fluid, Detection devices, at least one of which is provided in both the upstream and downstream regions, for detecting a physical quantity of the working fluid, and a control device for adjustment, based on changes in the physical quantity detected by the sensing devices, the degree of opening of the inlet guide vanes, and the quantity taken from the extraction part, the compressor includes: a rotor shaft that can rotate around an axis, a multitude of rotor blade stages provided on the rotor shaft and arranged in one direction along the axis line, a housing that covers the rotor shaft and the impeller blade stages from an outer circumferential side, and a plurality of guide vane stages provided on an inner circumferential surface of the housing and arranged alternately with the plurality of guide vane stages in the direction of the axis line, where the upstream area is an area that lies further upstream than one impeller stage of the plurality of impeller stages, which is a third stage from the most upstream side, where the downstream area is an area that is further downstream than one impeller stage of the plurality of impeller stages, which is a third stage from the most downstream side, wherein each of the guide vane stages extends in a radial direction with respect to the axis line and comprises a plurality of guide vanes arranged in a circumferential direction and having a low-pressure surface facing upstream and a high-pressure surface facing downstream, and each of the detection devices is provided on the vacuum surface. [11] The compressor system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the detection device comprises: a pair of temperature sensing units arranged in one flow direction of the working fluid, and a heating unit that is positioned between the pair of temperature sensing units and heats the working fluid, where the physical quantity comprises a temperature difference of the working fluid, which is detected by the pair of temperature sensing units, and wherein the control device determines, based on a value of the physical quantity, a speed at which each of the inlet guide vanes is closed when a command to reduce a load on the compressor is issued. [12] The compressor system according to claim 11, wherein the control device closes the inlet guide vane at a relatively high speed when the physical quantity is greater than a predetermined threshold, and closes the inlet guide vane at a relatively low speed when the physical quantity is less than the threshold. [13] The compressor system according to claim 11, wherein the control device determines to which numerical range of a plurality of predetermined numerical ranges the physical quantity belongs, and closes the inlet guide vane by selecting a predetermined speed to correspond to the numerical range to which the physical quantity belongs. [14] The compressor system according to claim 11, wherein the control device determines a speed at which the inlet guide vane is closed, with reference to a table in which a relationship between the physical quantity and an optimal speed at which the inlet guide vane is closed according to a value relating to the physical quantity is shown. [15] Having a compressor system: a compressor with: an upstream area into which a working fluid flows, a downstream area that is connected to the upstream area and in which the pressure of the working fluid is higher than in the upstream area, and Inlet guide vanes that are located further upstream than the upstream area and can alter the flow rate of the working fluid entering the upstream area, Detection devices, at least one of which is provided in the downstream area, for detecting a physical quantity of the working fluid, and a control device for adjusting the opening degree of the inlet guide vanes based on changes in the physical quantity detected by the sensing devices, wherein each of the detection devices comprises a pair of temperature detection units arranged in a flow direction of the working fluid, and wherein a heating unit is arranged between the pair of temperature sensing units and heats the working fluid, where the physical quantity comprises a temperature difference of the working fluid, which is detected by the pair of temperature sensing units, and wherein, when a command is issued to reduce the load on the compressor, the control device determines, based on a value of the physical quantity, a speed at which each of the inlet guide vanes is closed. [16] The compressor system according to claim 15, wherein the control device closes the inlet guide vane at a relatively high speed when the physical quantity is greater than a predetermined threshold, and closes the inlet guide vane at a relatively low speed when the physical quantity is less than the threshold. [17] The compressor system according to claim 15, wherein the control device determines to which numerical range of a plurality of predetermined numerical ranges the physical quantity belongs, and closes the inlet guide vane by selecting a predetermined speed to correspond to the numerical range to which the physical quantity belongs. [18] The compressor system according to claim 15, wherein the control device determines a speed at which the inlet guide vane is closed, with reference to a table in which a relationship between the physical quantity and an optimal speed at which the inlet guide vane is closed according to a value relating to the physical quantity is shown.