Wind turbine

Abstract

The invention relates to wind energy and can be used in the field of alternative energies. The wind turbine has profiled rotor blades connected to a rotating vertical shaft, the upper parts of which are attached to the partitions of a cap designed as a spherical segment. The shaft is mounted between the free ends of two horizontal beams, the other ends of which are rigidly attached to a fixed, vertically arranged stand and spaced apart from each other. The upper part of the shaft is suspended from the upper horizontal beam by means of a bushing. The spherical lower end of the shaft is arranged in a cylindrical opening in the lower beam, thus allowing vertical movement of the shaft. The upper end of the shaft is kinematically connected to a generator installed on the upper beam.The design of the device is simplified and the efficiency of the device is increased.

Description

Technical field

[0001] The invention relates to wind energy and can be used in the field of alternative energies. State of the art

[0002] A precision wind turbine with a vertical shaft arrangement is known, containing a working wheel in the form of a system of freely rotating rotors arranged on a shaft connected to a working shaft. According to the solution, the working shaft is arranged vertically, and the wind turbine includes an element providing a third degree of freedom. This element is connected to the shaft of each rotor and to the working shaft, allowing the axis of the rotor shaft to rotate relative to the axis of the working shaft in a plane passing through the axis of the working shaft. The element is elastically designed in the form of a spring, rigidly connected to the working shaft and the rotor shaft. It has a limiter for the spring's movement along the plane passing through the axis of the working shaft, preventing rotation about the axis of the working shaft.The element is designed as a rocker arm, rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the working shaft and the rotor axes, the rocker arm being supported on a movement limiter in the form of a bracket, which is rigidly connected to a spring-loaded bushing with a keyway or key connection, which is arranged on the working shaft [1] - The disadvantages of the known wind engine are the relatively low aerodynamic efficiency of its self-rotating rotors, the complexity of the wind engine design and the low efficiency. Disclosure of the invention

[0003] The object of the invention is to simplify the design of the proposed device and to increase its efficiency.

[0004] The essence of the invention lies in the fact that, in a wind turbine with a wind wheel comprising a vertical shaft with attached rotor blades, the rotor blades are profiled and attached at their upper part to the partitions of a cap designed as a spherical segment, thus giving the wind wheel the shape of a gyroscope. The vertical shaft is mounted between the free ends of two horizontal beams, the other ends of which are rigidly attached to a fixed, vertically arranged stand and spaced apart from each other. The shaft is suspended at its upper end from the upper horizontal beam by means of a threaded bushing, while its lower end is spherically shaped and arranged in a cylindrical opening in the lower beam, thereby allowing vertical movement of the shaft. The upper end is kinematically connected to a generator installed on the upper beam. Brief description of the drawings

[0005] The nature of the invention is explained by the following drawings: Fig. shows an overall view of the wind turbine. Fig. - Side view of the plant, Fig. - shows a front view of the facility. Fig. - Threaded bushing on which the vertical shaft is suspended, Fig. - lower platform of the wind turbine with spherical opening and lower free part of the vertical shaft, Fig. - shows the lower platform of the facility with a spherical opening, Fig. - Direction of the wind flow on the rotor blades and on the unit with a view of the spherical segment. Implementation of the invention

[0006] The wind turbine consists of a wind wheel whose vertical shaft (1) is connected to rotor blades (2). The rotor blades (2) are profiled and their upper parts are attached to the partitions (3) of a cap (4), giving the wind wheel the shape of a gyroscope. The vertical shaft (1) is mounted between the free ends of two horizontal beams (5, 6), the other ends of which are rigidly attached to a fixed, vertically oriented stand (7) and spaced apart from each other. By means of a threaded bushing (8), the upper part of the shaft (1) is suspended from the upper horizontal beam (5), while its lower end is spherical (9) and is located in a cylindrical opening (10) in the lower beam (6), thus allowing vertical movement of the shaft (1). The upper end of the shaft (1) is kinematically connected to a generator (11) installed on the upper beam (5).The minimum number of rotor blades (2) of the wind turbine is three (five or seven may also be preferred variants). The arrangement of the rotor blades (2) corresponds completely to the position of the partitions (3) of the cap (4), whereby the wind turbine assumes the shape of a gyroscope (. Fig.Thanks to this gyroscopic design of the wind turbine and as a result of its rotation, a gyroscopic effect (gyrostatic effect) arises, which is an effect caused by the inertia of a rotating solid body and by its precession [2], on which the operating principle of the proposed system is based. The main characteristic of precession is its lack of inertia: as soon as the force causing the gyroscope's precession disappears, the precession ceases, and the gyroscope's axis of rotation assumes a fixed position in space [3]. Such a phenomenon as precession can be observed in a rapidly rotating disk. It maintains its position in space for a long time but becomes unstable as its rotational speed decreases, and its axis begins to trace a circle.The use of this transition effect in the wind turbine makes it possible to maximize wind energy utilization and significantly reduce the dimensions of the proposed wind turbine. Furthermore, in experiments investigating the “gyroscopic effect,” some researchers observed a decrease in the weight of the rotating gyroscope: the change in weight of the gyroscope occurred along the axis of rotation of the mass, and depending on the direction of rotation of the gyroscope, its weight either decreased or increased [4].

[0007] The wind turbine works as follows.

[0008] The design of the wind turbine allows for a uniform wind load on the rotor blades (2), regardless of wind direction. When wind is applied, the wind turbine moves due to the difference in surface area between the windward and leeward surfaces of the rotor blades (2). Consequently, the wind turbine begins to rotate around its axis due to the dynamic pressure forces acting on the rotor blades (2). Since the wind turbine rests on the upper horizontal beam (5) of the wind turbine by means of the bushing (8), its rotational movement follows the principle of gyroscope rotation.Furthermore, the mutual alignment of the partitions (3) of the cap (4) and the profiles of the rotor blades (2) under the cap (4) creates three separate areas (the number of areas depends on the number of rotor blades). In these areas, when facing away from the wind, the accumulated wind flow, in addition to rotating the wind turbine, also attempts to push it upwards along its vertical axis. The entry of the lower part (9) of the vertical shaft (1) of the wind turbine into the cylindrical opening (10) of the lower beam (6) is ensured by the suspended position of the vertical shaft (1), which simultaneously directs the rotational movement of the vertical shaft (1) in the vertical plane. In other words, due to the precession of the "gyroscopic effect," the rotational frequency of the wind turbine is increased as a result of the decrease in weight.

[0009] The proposed wind turbine enables: • the simplification of the design of wind turbines; • a significant increase in the utilization rate of wind energy; • as a slow-running wind engine, it ensures the ecological purity of the environment, as it neither affects the surrounding flora and fauna nor contributes to soil erosion.

[0010] The wind generator can be used in the following areas: • in individual households - whose minimum required power is 5 kW, • local energy systems - minimum output 10 kW, • This device has a high torque and can be used as a drilling or pumping unit, mill, butter churn or to drive machines, mechanisms, machine tools, etc. without the use of an electric generator. • as roof and basement systems of residential buildings as additional energy sources that can supply the house entrance with energy. • The proposed systems can be used in hunting estates, dachas and garden communities. • The plants can be used as power plants for offshore oil and gas production and exploration platforms. • The systems can be used as part of combined energy complexes, which are combined with both conventional diesel generators and alternative sources such as novel converters of tidal and solar thermal energy, etc.

Claims

[1] Wind turbine with a wind wheel having a vertical shaft with rotor blades attached to it, characterized by , that the rotor blades are profiled and their upper part is attached to the partitions of a cap designed as a spherical segment, so that the wind turbine takes the shape of a gyroscope, the vertical shaft being mounted between the free ends of two horizontal beams, the other ends of which are rigidly attached to a fixed, vertically arranged stand and spaced apart from each other, the shaft being suspended by its upper part from the upper horizontal beam by means of a threaded bushing, while its lower end is spherically designed and arranged in a cylindrical opening in the lower beam, thus enabling vertical movement of the shaft, and the upper end being kinematically connected to a generator installed on the upper beam.

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