Antistatic core-sheath rope

Abstract

Rope (3) made of textile fiber material, comprising a rope core (6) and a sheath (7) surrounding the rope core (6), characterized by the fact that the rope (3) comprises at least one antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or one antistatic monofilament which is provided in the rope core (6), in the sheath (7), in an intermediate sheath (8) located between the rope core (6) and the sheath (7) and / or in a reinforcement located between the rope core (6) and the sheath (7), wherein the antistatic monofilament or single filaments (12) of the antistatic multifilament yarn (5) each comprise a conductive fiber core (13) encased in a non-conductive plastic sheath (14), and wherein at least one antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or antistatic monofilament is twisted with a thread (16) or yarn made of another material, wherein said other material of the thread (16) or yarn is preferably UHMWPE or PES.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a rope made of textile fiber material, comprising a rope core and a sheathing surrounding the rope core.

[0002] In the prior art, particularly in the field of cable cranes, core-sheath ropes made of textile fiber material are known, which are usually not electrically conductive. Such a rope is shown, for example, in EP 3 392 404 A1. Since these ropes generally cannot be grounded or discharged, static electricity occurs on the rope surface depending on the application, as explained below.

[0003] Static electricity, or electrostatic charging, typically occurs when two surfaces separate. This can happen, for example, with moving ropes running over pulleys during operation. In this process, sections of the rope come into contact with the pulleys in the rope drive. These rope segments are deflected by the pulleys, and after the desired change of direction in the rope drive, the rope runs off the pulley, i.e., the rope separates from the pulley. This separation process causes both surfaces to become electrically charged. If the pulley were sufficiently electrically conductive and grounded, the electrical charge generated by this surface separation could be dissipated into the ground, for example, through the steel structure of the hoist. Conversely, the pulley could also ground the rope.

[0004] However, if there is no way to ground the pulley, as is the case with a crane's lower block and load hook, the charge generated by surface separation cannot be dissipated. Consequently, during operation, the continuous separation of the rope surface from the pulley surface leads to an accumulation of electrical charge in the rope, pulley, lower block, and load hook. This discharge then occurs unintentionally when the rope, pulley, lower block, or load hook comes into contact with an external conductor to ground, for example, when a person or object comes into contact with this component. Such electrical discharge can cause electrostatic shock or startle reactions in people, resulting in injuries, fire discharges and / or industrial explosions, and / or damage to sensitive electronic equipment.

[0005] For humans, an electrostatic charge becomes noticeable at around 3 kV and often leads to a startling sensation, which is associated with a risk of accidents. The type and amount of accumulated charge depends on the material pairing of the two components, the surface areas of both components, the number of surface separations, and all parameters that influence charge migration, especially the ambient temperature, the component temperature, and the air and surface humidity.

[0006] Is the use of electrically non-conductive materials (components with an ohmic resistance > 10 Ω) permissible? 6 If the electrical charge generated during operation (Ohm) is necessary for the components for design reasons, as is usually the case with the fiber ropes mentioned, then the electrical charge generated during operation must be dissipated from at least one of the two components in order to avoid the hazards mentioned above.

[0007] For fiber ropes, disclosures WO2012042576A1 and JPH01207483A disclose the provision of ropes with antistatic properties. However, these ropes utilize short antistatic fibers in the form of electrically conductive staple fibers spun into a yarn. According to WO2012042576A1, the conductive staple fibers should be as short as possible to allow for a so-called corona discharge. The ends of the staple fibers would act as electrodes to achieve the corona discharge. According to this principle, the corona discharge would be more effective the greater the number of staple fiber ends. However, the rope described in WO2012042576A1 is unsuitable for many applications, partly because the staple fibers can easily detach from the yarn, making the rope unsuitable for extended periods of use.Furthermore, the yarns specially manufactured with staple fibers are too thick to be used in core-sheath constructions without changing the rope construction.

[0008] In the field of flat textiles, it is known to use an antistatic fiber comprising a multilobal, conductive fiber core encased in a non-conductive plastic sheath. Such fibers are known from US 5,202,185 and are offered, for example, under the brand name Nega-Stat® P190. They are arranged in a grid pattern in flat woven, knitted, or nonwoven fabrics to produce protective equipment, for instance. The website of the company Barnet also indicates the use of Nega-Stat® fibers in ropes. US 5,202,185 further states that some of these fibers can be used as staple fibers. However, antistatic fibers can also comprise a fiber core that is not multilobal but, for example, circular, as described in US 3,803,453 A.

[0009] The patent EP 2 434 050 A1 discloses a rope with a sensor module having an electrically conductive core and a non-conductive coating. The sensor module is used to detect wear on the rope.

[0010] The object of the invention is to provide an antistatic core-sheath rope made of textile fiber material that overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0011] This problem is solved by a rope made of textile fiber material, comprising a rope core and a sheath surrounding the rope core, wherein the rope comprises at least one antistatic multifilament yarn or one antistatic monofilament, which is provided in the rope core, in the sheath, in an intermediate sheath located between the rope core and the sheath and / or in a reinforcement located between the rope core and the sheath, wherein the antistatic monofilament or individual filaments of the antistatic multifilament yarn each comprise a conductive fiber core which is sheathed by a non-conductive plastic sheath.

[0012] According to the invention, at least one antistatic multifilament yarn or at least one antistatic monofilament is arranged in the rope to impart antistatic properties. In contrast to the prior art, no staple fibers are used, but rather a monofilament or multifilament yarn, i.e., a continuous fiber or continuous fiber yarn, which can be arranged parallel to or at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the rope. Since such a multifilament yarn or monofilament is significantly thinner than a yarn made from antistatic staple fibers, it can be used more flexibly. Furthermore, compared to staple fibers, the multifilament yarns or monofilaments have the advantage that, due to their length, they cannot be worked out of the rope, thus providing a longer service life.This means that antistatic ropes can now be manufactured for applications where thicker yarns with staple fibers cannot be used.

[0013] Antistatic monofilament or antistatic multifilament yarn, consisting of individual filaments with a conductive fiber core, has the well-known property of attracting the electric field from the surface and neutralizing all free charge on the rope's surface through corona discharge. In other words, the surface charges on the rope are attracted and dissipated into the environment over time through air ionization. This reduces the surface discharge of both the rope and the pulley to a level that is harmless to humans and the environment. Evidence of this effect is provided by US patents 5,202,185 and 3,803,453 A, as well as by the fiber marketed by Barnet under the trademark Nega-Stat® P190.

[0014] In simple cases, the fiber core of the antistatic monofilament or the fiber core of the individual filaments of the antistatic multifilament yarn can have a circular cross-sectional shape, as is known, for example, from US 3,803,453 A. However, it is preferred that the fiber core of the antistatic monofilament or the fiber core of the individual filaments of the antistatic multifilament yarn has a multilobal cross-sectional shape, as is known from US 5,202,185, since these antistatic fibers have a better antistatic effect. In general, it is preferred that the fiber core of the antistatic monofilament or the fiber core of the individual filaments of the antistatic multifilament yarn is non-metallic. Furthermore, it is more preferably preferred that the fiber core comprises electrically conductive carbon black. The antistatic multifilament yarns and / or the antistatic monofilaments preferably have a titer of no more than 500 dtex.

[0015] Antistatic multifilament yarns and monofilaments offer the particular advantage of being selectively incorporated into the components of the core-sheath rope, potentially only in the sheath, only in the rope core, only in the intermediate sheath, or only in the reinforcement. This allows for a reduction in the amount of antistatic fibers required, thus lowering costs and saving weight.

[0016] Since antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments are often too thin to be used as separate yarns on the bobbin of a round braiding machine, they are twisted together with a yarn or thread made of another material, preferably UHMWPE or PES. This is particularly advantageous because the antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments can be reinforced by the additional yarn or thread. Consequently, the rope experiences less breakage of the antistatic multifilament yarns or monofilaments during use, thus preserving the rope's antistatic properties for a longer period.

[0017] Another advantage is that the antistatic multifilament yarns or monofilaments can be twisted directly with the "actual" material of the sheath or rope core. The antistatic material can therefore be chosen to be so thin that the "actual" material does not need to be reduced; instead, the antistatic material can be added. This means that no beneficial properties resulting from the "actual" material are lost, only the antistatic properties are gained. In particular, the antistatic multifilament yarns or monofilaments do not need to be processed into staple fibers before being incorporated into the rope.

[0018] When antistatic multifilament yarns and / or antistatic monofilaments are twisted with a thread or yarn made of another material, the result is an "antistatic thread". The weight percentage of the antistatic multifilament yarns and / or antistatic monofilaments in the "antistatic thread" is, for example, 3% to 20%, preferably 5% to 15%.

[0019] Particularly preferred is the sheathing and / or the intermediate sheath and / or the reinforcement, i.e., at least one of these components, a braid with braids running in the S-direction and in the Z-direction, wherein at least one braid running in the S-direction comprises at least one first antistatic multifilament yarn or at least one first antistatic monofilament, and at least one braid running in the Z-direction comprises at least one second antistatic multifilament yarn or a second antistatic monofilament. The antistatic multifilament yarns or the antistatic monofilaments run essentially parallel to the respective braid, apart from a rotation caused by optional twisting, and thereby form a cylindrical grid. Such an arrangement enables a particularly uniform arrangement of the antistatic multifilament yarns or the antistatic monofilaments on or against the respectivebelow the rope surface, so that electrostatic charge can be absorbed particularly effectively by the fibers and released into the air.

[0020] In a further embodiment, the sheath and / or the intermediate sheath and / or the reinforcement is a braid with braids running in the S-direction and in the Z-direction, wherein one or more antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments are present either only in one or more braids running in the S-direction or only in one or more braids running in the Z-direction. This allows the quantity of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments to be reduced. In one case, therefore, only a single antistatic multifilament yarn or a single antistatic monofilament may be present in the rope. The at least one antistatic multifilament yarn or the at least one antistatic monofilament thus runs essentially spirally around the rope direction on or under the rope surface and at essentially equal intervals around the rope.

[0021] To further reduce the amount of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments, these can be placed only in some of the braids running in the S-direction and / or Z-direction, e.g., only in every second, third, or fourth braid running in the S-direction and / or Z-direction. This allows the structure described above to be achieved while allowing for larger mesh sizes.

[0022] In braids comprising braids with at least two essentially parallel plies or stranded yarns (which can be achieved, for example, by winding the plies or yarns side by side onto a bobbin of a circular braiding machine), the quantity of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments can be further specifically selected if only some, preferably only one, of these plies or yarns in a braid contains at least one antistatic multifilament yarn or at least one antistatic monofilament. The other plies or yarns can thus be free of antistatic multifilament yarns and antistatic monofilaments.

[0023] The measures mentioned above allow the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments in the total titer of the sheath or intermediate sheath to be adjusted. Preferably, the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments in the total titer of the sheath or intermediate sheath is a maximum of 25%, a maximum of 10%, or a maximum of 5%. Furthermore, preferably, the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments in the total titer of the sheath or intermediate sheath is at least 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 1.4%, at least 2.1%, or at least 3%, or substantially 1.4%, substantially 2.1%, or substantially 3%. The titer or total titer is calculated as mass / length and has the unit dtex when the mass is in grams and the length is in 10,000 meters.Tests have shown that these proportions are sufficient even for long-life ropes to achieve excellent antistatic performance throughout their entire service life. In the case of reinforcement, the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments in the total reinforcement can reach up to 100%, as the reinforcement is not applied as a solid covering. For the rope core, the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments can be freely selected, depending on the desired antistatic effect and the required mechanical properties of the rope core.

[0024] Regardless of whether the antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments are present in the rope core, sheath, intermediate sheath, or reinforcement, it is preferred that the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments in the rope is selected such that the electrostatic charge of the rope does not exceed 8 kV, preferably 5 kV, particularly preferably 3 kV, and particularly preferably 2 kV, after an electrostatic charging process, measured at a temperature between 15 °C and 25 °C, at a relative humidity between 30% and 40%, and at a distance of 10 cm from the rope. The electrostatic charge can be measured, for example, 10 seconds after an electrostatic charging process. The electrostatic charging process can be, for example, one or more lifting operations or other friction on the rope.The electrostatic charging process can be carried out, for example, until a maximum electrostatic charge is reached. This electrostatic charge of the rope should not be exceeded, at least immediately after the rope's manufacture, but preferably also after a predetermined wear of the rope, and particularly preferably at the end of the rope's service life according to section 6.3.3 (multilayer spooling performance) of ISO TS 23624:2021.

[0025] The specific determination of the aforementioned proportion can be easily carried out by a person skilled in the art using this data. First, the rope is prepared and electrostatically charged, for example, by a predetermined number of lifting and lowering cycles without a payload, e.g., after one or five lifting and lowering cycles without a payload. Should the electrostatic charge of the rope exceed the aforementioned electrostatic charge, the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments in the rope is increased until the aforementioned electrostatic charge is no longer exceeded. If it is to be achieved that the aforementioned electrostatic charge of the rope remains at the end of the rope's service life according to section 6.3.3 of ISO TS 23624:2021 or after a predetermined wear relative to this service life (e.g.,To ensure that the wear limit (at 75% of the service life) is not exceeded, the predetermined wear is first induced, and then the electrostatic charge is determined after an electrostatic charging process. It is advantageous to electrostatically charge the rope using the same method as the wear induction, e.g., according to the aforementioned standard, although preferably no payload is used to induce the electrostatic charge.

[0026] Alternatively or additionally to antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments in the sheathing, these can also be present in the rope core itself. If this core comprises several layers, which can be the case particularly with multi-layer twisted cores, the at least one antistatic multifilament yarn or the at least one antistatic monofilament is preferably arranged only in the outermost core layer, since this is located closest to the rope surface, where the electrostatic charge arises upon surface separation. In other cases, however, the rope core could also be braided.

[0027] If at least one antistatic multifilament yarn or at least one antistatic monofilament is to be incorporated into the reinforcement, it can be provided that the reinforcement is made exclusively of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments. The reinforcement can be designed as standing strands or, alternatively, as a non-covering mesh to form a grid-like network.

[0028] To achieve the most uniform distribution possible of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments on or beneath the rope surface, the antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments preferably form a uniform cylindrical grid with a mesh size preferably between 5 mm and 20 mm, and particularly preferably substantially 10 mm. In other cases, a non-uniform cylindrical grid could also be provided, for example, if antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments are arranged with different spacings in the S-direction and in the Z-direction. If antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments are only present in braids in the S-direction or in the Z-direction, a grid is not usually present, but rather a spiral covering.

[0029] Typically, at least one antistatic multifilament yarn comprises at least six individual filaments, preferably exactly twenty-four individual filaments. Such multifilament yarns are already available on the market, so no further modifications are necessary.

[0030] To enable the retrofitting of existing ropes, it can be provided that the sheath consists of a continuous, covering sheath layer and a reinforcement surrounding this sheath layer. Only the surrounding reinforcement comprises at least one antistatic multifilament yarn or at least one antistatic monofilament. In this way, it is possible to use an existing rope and braid or knit the reinforcement around the covering sheath layer, creating a new, two-part sheath. This sheath comprises both the covering sheath layer of the existing rope and the subsequently braided reinforcement. This two-part sheath can also be manufactured during the initial production of the rope. Such a rope with a two-part sheath is also particularly easy to repair.For example, if it is measured that the antistatic properties of the rope are no longer satisfactory, the reinforcement can be removed and new reinforcement braided on.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the rope core comprises high-strength fibers, preferably p-aramid fibers, m-aramid fibers, LCP fibers, UHMWPE fibers, or PBO fibers. Ropes with such cores can be used particularly for rope cranes.

[0032] The sheathing and / or intermediate sheathing and / or reinforcement preferably comprises both high-tenacity fibers, preferably p-aramid fibers, m-aramid fibers, LCP fibers, UHMWPE fibers, or PBO fibers, and non-high-tenacity fibers, preferably PA fibers, PES fibers, or PP fibers, wherein preferably at least one first antistatic multifilament yarn or one first antistatic monofilament is twisted with the high-tenacity fibers to form a first yarn, and at least one second antistatic multifilament yarn or one second antistatic monofilament is twisted with the non-high-tenacity fibers to form a second yarn. Such a sheathing is particularly suitable for use in cable cranes.

[0033] The rope described above is particularly suitable for use as a crane rope, which preferably carries a lower block with a load hook for transporting, lifting, and lowering loads. As already explained, such constructions are particularly prone to electrostatic charging, since the lower block cannot be grounded without further measures. However, the use according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the electrostatic charge to a harmless level, preferably below the human perception threshold of 3 kV.

[0034] Advantageous and non-restrictive embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Fig. Figure 1 shows a lower block of a crane with a load hook, in which an antistatic rope according to the invention is used. Fig. Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-section of the rope according to the invention. Fig.Figure 3 shows a schematic side view of the sheathing of the rope according to the invention in a first variant. Fig. Figure 4a shows a schematic side view of the sheathing of the rope according to the invention in a second variant. Fig. Figure 4b shows a schematic side view of the sheathing of the rope according to the invention in a third variant.

[0035] Fig. Figure 1 shows a lower block 1 with a load hook 2 of a crane (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, the lower block 1 is supported by a 5-strand reeved rope 3 (10-strand reeving), each strand of which is deflected around a sheave 4 of the lower block 1. In other embodiments, however, the lower block 1 could also be supported by a 1-strand reeved rope 3 (2-strand reeving), in which case the lower block 1 would also only comprise one sheave 4.

[0036] The rope 3 according to the invention is a fiber rope, i.e., a rope 3 made of textile fiber material with a rope surface that is typically essentially non-conductive. "Non-conductive" here means an ohmic resistance of > 10 6 Ohm understood. That section of rope 3 that comes into contact with the respective pulley 4 is therefore effectively not grounded. From Fig.As can be seen in Figure 1, the pulley 4 and the lower block 2 are also not grounded, as they hang freely in the air. If the rope were used as a pure fiber rope without any further measures to reduce the antistatic effect, the up-and-down movement of the lower block 1 on the rope 3 during operation of the cable crane would result in an electrostatic charge on both the rope 3 and the lower block 1. To prevent electrostatic charging, the rope 3, as explained in detail below, has at least one antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or one antistatic monofilament.

[0037] However, it should be emphasized at this point that the rope 3 described herein is not intended for applications such as those described in Fig.The rope 3 shown in Figure 1 is limited in scope and need not be a crane rope. In general, the rope 3 can be used for all applications where electrostatic charging needs to be reduced. Typically, the ropes 3 according to the invention have an outer diameter of 5 mm to 60 mm.

[0038] The construction of the rope 3 according to the invention is in one variant in Fig.Figure 2 shows a cross-section of a rope 3. The rope 3 comprises a rope core 6 and a sheath 7 surrounding the rope core 6. The rope 3 is made of a textile fiber material; that is, both the rope core 6 and the sheath 7 are made of textile fiber material. Preferably, the rope 3 is made without metal, optionally apart from optional connecting elements or clamps attached to the ends of the rope 3 or at another location on the rope 3, or optionally functional, electrically conductive wires guided in the rope 3, which serve, for example, as current conductors, information conductors, or sensors.

[0039] Optionally, the cable 3 can have an intermediate sheath 8 located between the cable core 6 and the outer sheath 7. Depending on the embodiment, this intermediate sheath 8 can also be made of textile fiber material and is preferably metal-free. Alternatively or additionally to the intermediate sheath 8, a textile, preferably metal-free reinforcement (not shown) can be used, which here refers to a non-covering component such as a net or standing threads. If the reinforcement is used in combination with a covering intermediate sheath 8, the reinforcement can be located either between the cable core 6 and the intermediate sheath 8 or between the intermediate sheath 8 and the outer sheath 7.

[0040] As from Fig.As can be further seen in Figure 2, the rope core 6 has several core layers 9, 10, 11, with the core layer closest to the sheath 7 being designated as the outermost core layer 11. In practice, a multi-layered rope core 6 can be produced, for example, by multi-layer stranding of strands. In the illustrated embodiment, the rope core 6 comprises three core layers 9, 10, 11, although only two or more than three core layers may be used, and the individual strand layers may have different lay directions around the longitudinal axis. In other variants, however, the rope core 6 could also be designed without core layers, or be formed by several strands that do not form layers, or be braided.

[0041] To reduce electrostatic charging of the rope 3 during operation, the rope 3 comprises at least one antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or at least one antistatic monofilament. The antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or the antistatic monofilament, or the antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or the antistatic monofilaments, are / are present as continuous fibers along essentially the entire length of the rope 3. In technical terms, fibers with a length > 1000 mm are referred to as filaments or continuous fibers. Breaks may occur in one or more antistatic filaments after use; these damaged antistatic filaments can still be referred to as continuous fibers. Multifilament yarns consist of a defined number of individual filaments and are only available in this form and not separated into individual filaments.Monofilaments are single filaments, usually of greater thickness, that are available in this isolated form.

[0042] The antistatic multifilament yarn 5 consists of several individual filaments 12 that run essentially parallel and directly adjacent to each other to form the respective antistatic multifilament yarn 5. The individual filaments 12 are usually loose and not dispersed in a matrix. The antistatic effect of the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 is due to the special structure of the individual filaments 12, each of which comprises a conductive fiber core 13 encased in a non-conductive plastic sheath 14. Similarly, the antistatic effect of the antistatic monofilament is due to its special structure, which again comprises a conductive fiber core encased in a non-conductive plastic sheath. The structure with fiber core and plastic sheath described below is applicable to both the individual filaments 12 of the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 and the antistatic monofilament.

[0043] The preferred structure of the individual filaments 12 or the monofilament is described in US 5,202,185, the contents of which are hereby incorporated into this application. However, the individual filaments 12 or the monofilament could also be structured as described in US 3,803,453 A, the contents of which are also hereby incorporated into this application.

[0044] The non-conductive plastic sheath 14 of the individual filaments 12 or the monofilament is preferably an extrudable, synthetic, thermoplastic, fiber-forming polymer or copolymer. This includes, among others, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyacrylics, polyamides, and polyesters with a fiber-forming molecular weight. Particularly suitable sheath polymers are polyhexamethylene adipamide, polycaprolactam, and polyethylene terephthalate. In general, however, other materials could also be used.

[0045] The fiber core 13 of the individual filaments 12 or of the monofilament comprises electrically conductive material (i.e., with an ohmic resistance < 10 6 Ohm), preferably a non-metallic material. The fiber core 13 particularly preferably comprises electrically conductive carbon black, also called conductive carbon black, to achieve the antistatic effect. In general, however, the fiber core 13 could also comprise other materials that impart the electrically conductive property to the fiber core. The electrically conductive material is typically dispersed in a polymeric, thermoplastic matrix.

[0046] This makes it possible to achieve particularly thin diameters of the individual filaments 12 or the monofilaments, whose handling (e.g. flexibility) is comparable to classic textile fibers, which would not be possible, for example, if the fiber core 13 were a solid metal core.

[0047] When carbon black is used as an electrically conductive material, carbon black concentrations of 15 to 50 percent can be used in the fiber core 13. A concentration of 20 to 35 percent is preferred, as this achieves high conductivity while maintaining a reasonable degree of processability. The polymer in the fiber core 13 can also be selected from the same group as that used for the sheath, or it can be non-fiber-forming, as it is protected by the sheath. In general, other materials could also be used.

[0048] The cross-sectional area of ​​the fiber core 13 in the individual filaments 12 or in the monofilament should be sufficient to achieve the desired antistatic effect. The proportion of the fiber core 13 in the individual filament fiber 12 or in the monofilament can be, for example, at least 0.3 vol.%, preferably at least 0.5 vol.%, and up to 35 vol.%.

[0049] The conductive fiber core 13 preferably has a multilobal cross-sectional shape with typically at least 3, preferably 3 to 6 lobes (lobi). Each lobe preferably has an L / D ratio of 1 to 20, where L is the length of a line extending from the midpoint of the connection between the two lowest points of adjacent valleys on both sides of the lobe to the farthest point of that lobe. D is the greatest width of the lobe, measured perpendicular to L. Alternatively, the conductive fiber core 13 could also have a different cross-sectional shape, such as circular or oval. In other variations, the cross-section could also be I-shaped, triangular, or square.

[0050] The single filament fibers 12 that can be used for the present invention have, for example, a titer of 6.5 dtex, so that an antistatic multifilament yarn 5 with 24 single filament fibers 12 has a titer of 156 dtex. The monofilaments could likewise have a titer of 156 dtex, although the titer could also be chosen to be significantly lower or higher.

[0051] Since the rope 3 described herein is a core-sheath rope, it is possible to selectively incorporate the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or the antistatic monofilament as a textile sub-element, i.e., as a yarn and, in particular, as part of a twisted yarn, into one or more of the components of the core-sheath rope, i.e., in the rope core 6, in the sheath 7, in the intermediate sheath 8, and / or in the reinforcement. It should be emphasized here that it is possible for the rope 3 to contain at least one antistatic multifilament yarn 5 as well as at least one antistatic monofilament. For example, the sheath 7 could contain only antistatic multifilament yarns 5, and the intermediate sheath 8 could contain antistatic monofilaments. Alternatively, the sheath 7 could contain, for example, both antistatic multifilament yarns 5 and antistatic monofilaments.In another alternative variant, it can be provided that no mixing takes place and that the rope 3 contains either only antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or only antistatic monofilaments to achieve the antistatic effect.

[0052] Furthermore, the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 and / or the antistatic monofilament can also be incorporated only in the rope core 6, only in the sheath 7, only in the intermediate sheath 8 and / or only in the reinforcement, without antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments being present in the other components. In further variants, antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments are not present in only one, only two, or only three of the aforementioned components.

[0053] This has the advantage that excess antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or excess antistatic monofilament can be omitted. For example, if a sufficient quantity of antistatic multifilament yarn 5 is already present in the intermediate sheath 8 to achieve the desired antistatic effect, it is unnecessary to add antistatic multifilament yarn 5 to the rope core 6, thus allowing for a higher density of high-tenacity fibers in the core while maintaining the same weight. Furthermore, it is understood that antistatic multifilament yarns 5 are more expensive than, for example, PES fibers, so reducing the amount of antistatic multifilament yarn 5 while maintaining the same effect always represents a cost advantage.

[0054] The choice of the quantity of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments in the rope 3 depends on various factors, which are discussed in more detail below. In the simplest case, however, there is only a single antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or a single antistatic monofilament in the rope 3, which is present as a continuous fiber along the entire length of the rope 3. This can be used particularly for ropes 3 that are not subject to heavy wear.

[0055] Typically, the quantity of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments in the rope 3 is selected such that, either at the time of manufacture or after a predetermined wear of the rope 3, e.g., upon reaching the service life (i.e., discard criterion) of the rope 3 according to section 6.3.3 of ISO TS 23624:2021, a certain electrostatic charge is not exceeded after an electrostatic charging process (e.g., to achieve a maximum electrostatic charge of the rope). This electrostatic charge is preferably below the limit of human perception. Furthermore, this electrostatic charge can be below 8 kV, preferably below 5 kV, or particularly preferably below the human perception limit of 3 kV or below 2 kV, measured at a temperature between 15 °C and 25 °C, at a relative humidity between 30% and 40%, at a distance of 10 cm from the rope 3.

[0056] To determine the quantity of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments in the rope 3 in more detail, the considerations and advantages of arranging antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments in the respective components are discussed below.

[0057] When antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments are used in the sheathing 7, their antistatic effect is optimal, as they will be located at least partially on the outer surface of the rope 3. This means that the antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or the antistatic monofilaments do not need to discharge through other fiber material.

[0058] However, since the use of the rope 3 during operation can lead to damage to the sheathing 7 and thus also to the antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or the antistatic monofilaments, the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns or antistatic monofilaments 5 in the sheathing 7 can also be increased in order to avoid exceeding a certain electrostatic charge even after a predetermined period of use.

[0059] To select the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments in the sheathing 7, the following measures can be employed. The following describes embodiments with antistatic multifilament yarns 5, although these can equally well be implemented with antistatic monofilaments instead. For the purposes of the explanations below, it is understood that braids, twists, or yarns in which no antistatic multifilament yarns 5 are present preferably also do not contain antistatic monofilaments.

[0060] As in Fig.As shown in Figure 3, the sheathing 7 is typically a braid, such that the sheathing 7 comprises several braids 15a, 15b, half of which of the braids 15a run in the so-called S-direction of the sheathing 7 and the other half of the braids 15b run in the so-called Z-direction of the sheathing 7. According to the invention, it can be provided that one or more antistatic multifilament yarns 5 are present only in the braids 15a of the S-direction, only in the braids 15b of the Z-direction, or both in braids 15a of the S-direction and in braids 15b of the Z-direction.

[0061] If one or more antistatic multifilament yarns 5 are present in both braids 15a in the S-direction and braids 15b in the Z-direction, the antistatic multifilament yarns 5 will form a cylindrical grid. If this is a uniform cylindrical grid, the mesh size M of the grid can preferably be between 5 mm and 20 mm, and particularly preferably substantially 10 mm. This solution with a uniform cylindrical grid can be chosen not only for the sheathing 7, but also for the intermediate sheathing 8 and / or the reinforcement if these are designed as a braid, or also for the cable core 6 if it is designed as a braided cable core 6.

[0062] Furthermore, it is from Fig.Figure 3 shows that not all lichens 15a, 15b have antistatic multifilament yarns 5, but only every second lichen 15a in the S-direction and only every second lichen 15b in the Z-direction has one or more antistatic multifilament yarns 5. However, it could also be provided that all lichens 15a, 15b in the S-direction or Z-direction have one or more antistatic multifilament yarns 5. Alternatively, it could be provided that only every third, fourth, or fifth lichen 15a, 15b in the S-direction or Z-direction has one or more antistatic multifilament yarns 5. Asymmetric arrangements are also possible, such that, for example, every second lichen 15a in the S-direction and every third lichen 15b in the Z-direction has one or more antistatic multifilament yarns 5. In general, it could be intended that the antistatic multifilament yarns 5 are only used in some of the S-direction orThe lichens 15a, 15b running in the Z direction are provided. For example, all lichens 15a, 15b except for one lichen could also comprise antistatic multifilament yarns 5.

[0063] Out of Fig.Figure 3 further shows that the braids 15a, 15b have several threads 16, in this case three different threads 16 per braid 15a, 15b. In practice, such a covering 7 with several threads 16 per braid 15a, 15b is produced by placing several threads 16 on the bobbins of a circular braiding machine. Depending on the desired structure of the covering 7, however, it can be provided that the braids 15a, 15b each comprise only one thread 16, only two threads 16, or more than two threads 16. As an alternative to threads 16, plied yarns could also be used. Although the embodiments described below are all explained with threads, it is understood that plied yarns can also be used as an alternative.

[0064] Returning to Fig.Figure 3 shows that not every thread 16 of a lichen 15a, 15b comprises an antistatic multifilament yarn 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the lichens 15a, 15b each comprise three threads 16, of which only one comprises antistatic multifilament yarns 5. In general, however, none or all threads 16 of a lichen 15a, 15b could comprise an antistatic multifilament yarn 5, or all but one or all but two, or only one, only two, or only three of the threads of a lichen 15a, 15b could comprise an antistatic multifilament yarn 5, depending on the number of threads per lichen 15a, 15b. It can be freely chosen whether the thread 16 with the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 is arranged in the middle of the threads 16 or at the edge of the lichen.

[0065] The proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 in the sheath 7 can be further influenced by selecting the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarn 5 in the respective ply 16. In the simplest case, a ply 16 of a braid 15a, 15b consists of only one or more antistatic plied or twisted multifilament yarns 5. From the illustrated embodiment of Fig.However, it is evident from Figure 3 that the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 can also be twisted with another yarn or thread to selectively choose the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarn 5. In particular, one, two, three, or more than three antistatic multifilament yarns 5 can be twisted with one or more threads made of high-tenacity materials such as p-aramid fibers, m-aramid fibers, LCP fibers, UHMWPE fibers, or PBO fibers, or with one or more threads made of non-high-tenacity materials such as PA fibers, PES fibers, or PP fibers. In practical experiments, which are described in more detail below, for example, two antistatic multifilament yarns 5, each comprising twenty-four individual filaments, were twisted with a thread made of UHMWPE, with the titer of the UHMWPE threads being more than ten times greater than the titer of the two antistatic multifilament yarns 5.

[0066] Out of Fig.Figure 3 further shows that some yarns 16 are shown with hatching and some without. Those yarns 16 shown with hatching are, for example, made of non-high-strength PES fibers, and those yarns 16 shown without hatching are, for example, made of high-strength UHMWPE fibers. Such a construction is particularly common in crane ropes. It is also evident that antistatic multifilament yarns 5 are twisted with PES yarns in one of the braids 15a, 15b and with UHMWPE yarns in one of the other braids 15a, 15b.

[0067] In general, it can therefore be provided that the sheathing 7 can comprise both high-tenacity fibers, preferably p-aramid fibers, m-aramid fibers, LCP fibers, UHMWPE fibers, or PBO fibers, and non-high-tenacity fibers, preferably PA fibers, PES fibers, or PP fibers, wherein preferably at least one first antistatic multifilament yarn 5 is twisted with the high-tenacity fibers to form a first yarn, and at least one second antistatic multifilament yarn 5 is twisted with the non-high-tenacity fibers to form a second yarn. The first and second yarns are preferably in different braids 15a, 15b. Even if the sheathing 7 comprises braids 15a, 15b made of different materials, as is the case in Fig. 3. However, it could be provided that the antistatic multifilament yarns 5 are twisted only with yarns of the same material. For example, in the embodiment of Fig.3 may also be twisted only with PES yarns. Furthermore, it is understood that the sheathing 7 may also consist only of yarns made of a single material, one, some, or all of which are twisted with antistatic multifilament yarns 5. For example, the sheathing 7 may also comprise only PES fibers and the antistatic multifilament yarns 5.

[0068] The following describes the construction of a first test rope V1 without antistatic multifilament yarns 5, a second test rope V2 with an initial quantity of antistatic multifilament yarns 5, and a third test rope V3 with a second quantity of antistatic multifilament yarns 5. In the second test rope V2, the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 to the total sheathing titer 7 was 1.4%. In the third test rope V3, the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 to the total sheathing titer 7 was 2.1%.

[0069] All three test ropes V1, V2, and V3 had a three-layer twisted core 6 with 35 strands and an outer diameter of 18 mm. The core 6 did not contain any antistatic multifilament yarns 5. All three test ropes V1, V2, and V3 also had a sheath 7 with an outer diameter of 21 mm, in which sixteen braids 15a were arranged in the S-direction and sixteen braids 15b in the Z-direction. Each of the sixteen braids 15a and 15b consisted of three PES yarns, each with a density of 1100 dtex, 4-ply, and 150 T / m, and one UHMWPE yarn with a density of 3300 dtex, 1-ply, and 150 T / m, with this arrangement being repeated four times.

[0070] In the first test rope V1, no antistatic multifilament yarns 5 were twisted together. In the second test rope V2, antistatic multifilament yarns 5 were twisted together twice, i.e., in one of the yarns 16 of every second braid (alternating between a PES yarn and a UHMWPE yarn), two antistatic multifilament yarns 5, each with 156 dtex, were twisted together. In the third test rope V3, antistatic multifilament yarns 5 were twisted together three times, i.e., in one of the yarns 16 of every second braid (alternating between a PES yarn and a UHMWPE yarn), three antistatic multifilament yarns 5, each with 156 dtex, were twisted together.

[0071] For the sake of clarity, a table illustrating the above-described setup of the three test ropes V1, V2, V3 is shown here. V1 V2 V3 Antistatic multifilament yarns - 2-ply twisted 3-ply twisted Number of lichens 32 32 32 16 lichens in an S-direction No lichen with antistatic multifilament yarn Every second braid (i.e., 8 braids) with antistatic multifilament yarn Every second lichen (dh8 lichens) with antistatic multifilament yarn 3 braids with PES twists; 1 braid with UHMWPE twists (repeated 4 times) 3 braids with PES threads; 1 braid with UHMWPE threads (repeated 4 times) 16 lichens in the Z direction No lichen with antistatic multifilament yarn Every second braid (i.e., 8 braids) with antistatic multifilament yarn Every second lichen (dh8 lichens) with antistatic multifilament yarn 3 braids with PES twists; 1 braid with UHMWPE twists (repeated 4 times) 3 braids with PES threads; 1 braid with UHMWPE threads (repeated 4 times) Yarns without antistatic multifilament yarns UHMWPE: 3300dtex / 1-fold / 150T / mPES: 1100 dtex / 4-fold / 150 T / m UHMWPE: 3300dtex / 1-fold / 150T / mPES: 1100 dtex / 4-fold / 150 T / m UHMWPE: 3300 dtex / 1-fold / 150T / mPES: 1100 dtex / 4-fold / 150 T / m Twist with antistatic multifilament yarn - UHMWPE 3300 dtex / 1-ply + ESD 156 dtex / 2-ply / 150 T / m or PES 1100 dtex / 4-ply + ESD 156 dtex / 2-ply / 150 T / m UHMWPE 3300 dtex / 1-fold + ESD 156 dtex / 3-fold / 150 T / m or PES 1100 dtex / 4-fold + ESD 156 dtex / 3-fold / 150 T / m distribution 3 threads per braid, always without antistatic multifilament yarn 3 threads per braid: 3 threads without antistatic multifilament yarn or 2 threads without antistatic multifilament yarn + 1 thread with antistatic multifilament yarn 3 threads per braid: 3 threads without antistatic multifilament yarn or 2 threads without antistatic multifilament yarn + 1 thread with antistatic multifilament yarn

[0072] All three test ropes V1, V2, and V3 were tested to determine their antistatic effect after different wear times. Since it is particularly relevant whether the test ropes V1, V2, and V3 also exhibit sufficient antistatic effect at the end of their service life, the antistatic effect was determined after 800, 1200, and 1600 full load cycles, corresponding to an equivalent crane operating time of 4, 6, and 8 years, respectively, where the service life of the test ropes V1, V2, and V3 is 8 years, determined according to section 6.3.3 of ISO TS 23624:2021. The measurement results were as follows: % of lifespan V1 V2 V3 After 800 full load cycles 50% > 20 kV 20-70 V 45 V After 1200 full load cycles 75% > 20 kV 1.1 kV 15-100 V After 1600 full load cycles 100% > 20 kV 1.3 kV 1.8 kV

[0073] The antistatic effect, determined by the potential difference measured in volts, was measured at a temperature between 15 °C and 25 °C and a relative humidity between 30% and 40% at a distance of 10 cm from rope 3. The measuring device had a measuring range that ended at 20 kV. To electrostatically charge the rope, five cycles without a payload were performed on the ungrounded lower block with a load hook. These cycles were performed in the same way as the full-load cycles mentioned above for determining service life according to section 6.3.3 of ISO TS 23624:2021, i.e., the same or an identical lower cylinder was used for determining service life and for electrostatic charging. This method for inducing and Determining the electrostatic charge can be used for all embodiments described herein.

[0074] The results show that both test ropes V2 and V3 exhibit significantly better antistatic performance compared to test rope V1, which did not contain any antistatic multifilament yarns 5. A comparison of the results for test ropes V2 and V3 further shows that the third test rope, V3, exhibits significantly better antistatic performance after 1200 full-load cycles. It is therefore particularly preferred that the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or the proportion of antistatic monofilaments in the total sheathing 7 be at least 2.1% or substantially 2.1% in order to achieve excellent antistatic performance in a rope 3 until shortly before reaching its service life.Extrapolating these results, it is further preferred if the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or the proportion of antistatic monofilaments in the total titer of the sheathing 7 is at least 3% or substantially 3% in order to achieve an excellent antistatic effect even when a rope 3 with a service life of 8 years has reached its service life.

[0075] It is understood, however, that the invention can also be used for ropes 3 that have significantly shorter service lives or are subjected to less stress in other areas of application. In these cases, the proportion of the antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or the proportion of the antistatic monofilaments in the total sheathing 7 can also be chosen to be significantly lower than specified above. In general, it is therefore preferred if the proportion of the antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or the proportion of the antistatic monofilaments in the total sheathing 7 is between 0.1% and 25%, preferably between 0.2% and 10%, and particularly preferably between 0.5% and 5%. In an example, it can also be provided that only a single antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or a single antistatic monofilament is twisted with a single thread 16 of a single braid 15a, 15b.instead of this thread 16, regardless of the specific construction of the sheathing 7.

[0076] The intermediate sheath 8, which is optionally provided between the rope core 6 and the sheath 7, is usually also a braid and can therefore have a braided structure as described above for the sheath 7. It can therefore be provided that – instead of or in addition to the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 in the sheath – at least one antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or at least one antistatic monofilament in the structure described above for the sheath 7 (i.e., the structure of the braid with braids, twists, and antistatic multifilament yarns 5 twisted with these) is provided in the intermediate sheath 8. When choosing the proportion of the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or the proportion of the antistatic monofilaments in the total content of the intermediate sheath 8, it must be taken into account that the antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or 5, respectively, are not as high as they should be.The antistatic monofilaments must achieve their antistatic effect through the sheathing 7, whereby the wear of the intermediate sheathing 8 is less significant due to the protective effect of the sheathing 7. In general, however, it is preferred if the proportion of the antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or the proportion of the antistatic monofilaments in the total content of the intermediate sheathing 8 is between 0.1% and 25%, preferably between 0.2% and 10%, and particularly preferably between 0.5% and 5%. In an example, it can also be provided that only a single antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or a single antistatic monofilament is twisted with, or provided instead of, a single thread of a single braid of the intermediate sheathing 8, regardless of the specific structure of the intermediate sheathing 8.

[0077] If one or more antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments are to be present in the reinforcement, the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments in the total reinforcement titer can be chosen to be higher than described above for the sheathing 7 or the intermediate sheath 8, since the reinforcement is not fully opaque. In the simplest case, the proportion of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments in the total reinforcement titer is 100%, i.e., the reinforcement consists only of antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments. It could also be provided that the reinforcement consists only of high-strength or non-high-strength yarns twisted with the antistatic multifilament yarns 5.The reinforcement can be designed as a grid, for example with a mesh size of between 5 mm and 20 mm, preferably substantially 10 mm. However, the reinforcement could also be formed by standing strands that lie substantially parallel to the cable direction.

[0078] As mentioned above, one or more antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments could also be present in the rope core 6. If the rope core 6 is multi-layered, as for example in Fig.As shown in Figure 2, it is preferred that the at least one antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or the at least one antistatic monofilament is present only in the outermost core layer 11. This ensures that the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or the antistatic monofilament is located as close as possible to the rope surface. This effect can be further enhanced if the sheath 7 is thin. In the application area of ​​rope cranes, the rope core 6 is typically of high strength and therefore preferably consists of p-aramid fibers, m-aramid fibers, LCP fibers, UHMWPE fibers, or PBO fibers, optionally with the addition of the antistatic multifilament yarns 5 or antistatic monofilaments. However, the rope core could also consist of or comprise non-high-strength fibers.

[0079] According to the above description of Fig.3 the sheathing 7 consists only of a single covering sheath layer in which the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or the antistatic monofilament is located.

[0080] The Fig. 4a and Fig. Figure 4b shows further variants of the sheathing 7 of the rope according to the invention, in which the sheathing 7 is composed of a full-surface covering sheath layer 7' and a reinforcement 7" surrounding the covering sheath layer 7'. The covering sheath layer 7' can be made of the same material as the sheathing 7. Fig.3, wherein the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or the antistatic monofilament can be omitted or substituted by another yarn. The non-covering reinforcement 7" of the sheath 7 can be designed like the optional reinforcement between the sheath 7 and the rope core 6 described above. In particular, the reinforcement 7" can comprise yarns in which the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or antistatic monofilament is twisted with a yarn 16 or yarn made of another material, or can consist exclusively of at least one antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or at least one antistatic monofilament.

[0081] The other elements of the rope are made from the Fig. 4a and Fig.4b can be implemented as described above. In particular, the cable core 6 can be implemented as described above, and an intermediate sheath 8 and / or reinforcement can optionally be provided between the cable core and the sheath 7.

[0082] In the embodiment of the Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b The antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or the antistatic monofilament is preferably only present in the reinforcement 7" of the sheath 7. Alternatively, the antistatic multifilament yarn 5 or the antistatic monofilament could also be incorporated in one of the following elements: in the rope core 6, in the optional intermediate sheath 8 between the rope core 6 and the sheath 7, in the optional reinforcement between the rope core 6 and the sheath 7, and / or in the covering sheath layer 7'.

[0083] From the comparison of Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b further shows that the braid angle of the non-covering reinforcement 7" is greater than ( Fig. 4a), smaller than ( Fig. 4b) or may be equal to (not shown) the braid angle of the covering mantle layer 7'. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 3 392 404 A1

[0002] WO 2012042576A1

[0007] JPH01207483A

[0007] US 5,202,185 [0008, 0013, 0014, 0043] US 3,803,453 A [0008, 0013, 0014, 0043] EP 2 434 050 A1

[0009] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] ISO TS 23624:2021 [0024, 0025, 0055]

Claims

[1] Rope (3) made of textile fiber material, comprising a rope core (6) and a sheath (7) surrounding the rope core (6), characterized by , that the rope (3) comprises at least one antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or one antistatic monofilament which is provided in the rope core (6), in the sheath (7), in an intermediate sheath (8) located between the rope core (6) and the sheath (7) and / or in a reinforcement located between the rope core (6) and the sheath (7), wherein the antistatic monofilament or single filaments (12) of the antistatic multifilament yarn (5) each comprise a conductive fiber core (13) encased in a non-conductive plastic sheath (14), and wherein at least one antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or antistatic monofilament is twisted with a thread (16) or yarn made of another material, wherein said other material of the thread (16) or yarn is preferably UHMWPE or PES. [2] Rope (3) according to claim 1, wherein the fiber core of the antistatic monofilament or the fiber core (13) of the individual filaments (12) of the antistatic multifilament yarn (5) has a multilobal shape in cross-section. [3] Rope (3) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sheath (7) and / or the intermediate sheath (8) and / or the reinforcement is a braid with braids (15a, 15b) extending in the S-direction and in the Z-direction, wherein at least one braid extending in the S-direction (15a) comprises at least one first antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or at least one first antistatic monofilament and at least one braid extending in the Z-direction (15b) comprises at least one second antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or a second antistatic monofilament. [4] Rope (3) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sheath (7) and / or the intermediate sheath (8) and / or the reinforcement is a braid with braids (15a, 15b) extending in the S-direction and in the Z-direction, wherein one or more antistatic multifilament yarns (5) or antistatic monofilaments are present either only in one or more braids (15a) extending in the S-direction or only in one or more braids (15b) extending in the Z-direction. [5] Rope (3) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein antistatic multifilament yarns (5) or antistatic monofilaments are provided only in some of the braids (15a, 15b) running in the S-direction and / or Z-direction, preferably only in every second, every third or every fourth braid (15a, 15b) running in the S-direction and / or Z-direction. [6] Rope (3) according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein those braids (15a, 15b) comprising at least one antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or at least one antistatic monofilament comprise at least two twisted yarns (16) or plied yarns, of which only some, preferably only one, comprises at least one antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or at least one antistatic monofilament. [7] Rope (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the proportion of the antistatic multifilament yarns (5) or the proportion of the antistatic monofilaments in the total titer of the sheath (7) or the intermediate sheath (8) is a maximum of 25%, a maximum of 10% or a maximum of 5%, and / or wherein the proportion of the antistatic multifilament yarns (5) or the proportion of the antistatic monofilaments in the total titer of the sheath (7) or the intermediate sheath (8) is at least 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 1.4%, at least 2.1% or at least 3%. [8] Rope (3) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the proportion of the antistatic multifilament yarns (5) or antistatic monofilaments in the rope (3) is selected such that an electrostatic charge of the rope (3) of 8 kV, preferably 5 kV, particularly preferably 3 kV, particularly preferably 2 kV, is not exceeded after an electrostatic charging process, measured at a temperature between 15 °C and 25 °C, at a relative humidity between 30% and 40% at a distance of 10 cm from the rope (3). [9] Rope (3) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the rope core (6) comprises several core layers (9, 10, 11) and the at least one antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or antistatic monofilament in the rope core (6) is arranged only in the outermost core layer (11). [10] Rope (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the reinforcement is made exclusively of antistatic multifilament yarns (5) or antistatic monofilaments, and the antistatic multifilament yarns (5) or antistatic monofilaments are preferably standing threads. [11] Rope (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the antistatic multifilament yarns (5) or antistatic monofilaments form a uniform cylindrical grid, the mesh size (M) of which is preferably between 5 mm and 20 mm, particularly preferably substantially 10 mm. [12] Rope (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the sheathing (7) is composed of a full-surface covering sheath layer (7') and a reinforcement (7") surrounding the covering sheath layer (7'), wherein only the surrounding reinforcement (7") comprises the at least one antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or the at least one antistatic monofilament. [13] Rope (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the rope core (6) comprises high-strength fibers, preferably p-aramid fibers, m-aramid fibers, LCP fibers, UHMWPE fibers or PBO fibers. [14] Rope (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the sheath (7) and / or the intermediate sheath (8) comprises both high-strength fibers, preferably p-aramid fibers, m-aramid fibers, LCP fibers, UHMWPE fibers or PBO fibers, and non-high-strength fibers, preferably PA fibers, PES fibers or PP fibers, wherein preferably at least one first antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or antistatic monofilament is twisted with the high-strength fibers to form a first yarn and at least one second antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or antistatic monofilament is twisted with the non-high-strength fibers to form a second yarn. [15] Rope according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the weight fraction of the antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or antistatic monofilament in that antistatic thread formed by twisting the at least one antistatic multifilament yarn (5) or antistatic monofilament with the thread (16) or yarn made of another material is 3% to 20%, preferably 5% to 15%.

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