System for sealing a building against water, as well as building and component with such a system

Abstract

System for sealing a structure (1) against water comprising - a fresh concrete composite film (8) as a surface seal on the outer side (5) of a water-exposed component (2, 3) of the building (1), which is intended to be arranged in a first region of the component (2, 3), and - a liquid seal (9) intended to be arranged in an adjacent second area of ​​the component (2, 3), - wherein the fresh concrete composite film (8) and the liquid seal (9) adjoin one another tightly to form an overlapping area (10), characterized in that a surface adhesive composite element (11) is arranged in the overlapping area (10) between the fresh concrete composite film (8) and the liquid seal (9), - which has an adhesive layer (13) on its inner side facing the fresh concrete composite film (8) for bonding to the fresh concrete composite film (8), and - which has on its outer side facing the liquid seal (9) a layer (14) with means (15) for increasing the bond with the liquid seal (9).

Description

Title of the invention

[0001] System for sealing a building against water, as well as building and component with such a system field of technology

[0002] The invention relates to a system for waterproofing a building structure against water, comprising a fresh concrete composite film as a surface seal on the exterior of a water-exposed component of the building structure, which is intended for placement in a first region of the component, and a liquid seal intended for placement in an adjacent second region of the component, wherein the fresh concrete composite film and the liquid seal tightly adjoin one another, forming an overlapping area. Furthermore, the invention relates to a building structure and a component comprising such a system. State of the art

[0003] To waterproof buildings against moisture and both pressurized and non-pressurized water, it is common practice to construct the relevant structural components, such as floor slabs, exterior walls, and the like, from waterproof concrete. This type of waterproofing is commonly referred to as a "white tank," and its structural requirements are regulated by DIN 18195.

[0004] When structural waterproofing is subject to increased demands, particularly under water pressure, additional waterproofing measures ensure the permanent waterproofness of the structure. In this context, fresh concrete composite systems are known in which the concrete of a component interacts with a liquid-tight fresh concrete composite membrane that encloses the structure as a secondary waterproofing layer. In this case, a liquid-tight fresh concrete composite membrane is applied to the formwork or the substrate before concreting a component in contact with the ground or exposed to water. The fresh concrete composite membrane has a bond-enhancing layer on its inner side, facing the concrete, which bonds intimately with the fresh concrete during concreting, thus forming an additional, closed, and leak-proof surface waterproofing layer.In particular, the secondary seal is capable of bridging local weak points such as cracks, joints, and the like, thus ensuring the permanent tightness of the concrete component. The surface bond with the concrete prevents the fresh concrete composite film from seeping behind it. Suitable fresh concrete composite films are disclosed, for example, in EP 2 907 832 A1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0005] Fresh concrete composite membranes are primarily used for large-scale waterproofing of structures. However, due to their inherent rigidity, fresh concrete composite membranes are only suitable to a limited extent for small-scale waterproofing of corners, edges, faults, projections and recesses, and similar features on the exterior of a component. In practice, such problem areas are addressed by the use of liquid waterproofing compounds, which are applied to the component surfaces as a viscous mass and develop their sealing effect after polymerization. A tight connection to the fresh concrete composite membrane is achieved by ensuring a sufficiently large overlap between the liquid waterproofing compound and the fresh concrete composite membrane.

[0006] If the fresh concrete composite membrane has a surface with reduced adhesion on its outer side facing away from the concrete, for example, due to a smooth surface and / or incompatible material pairings in the connection area, there is a risk of water seepage behind the waterproofing. Over time, the bond between the fresh concrete composite membrane and the liquid waterproofing layer is completely or partially lost, and the liquid waterproofing layer separates from the fresh concrete composite membrane in these areas. The resulting gap allows water to penetrate behind the waterproofing layer and further into the structure, thus compromising the waterproofing effect in this area.

[0007] For this reason, efforts have already been made to increase the adhesion of the fresh concrete composite membrane. For example, grinding or priming the overlap area is a common approach, but this represents a complex and time-consuming additional step that hinders construction progress and increases construction costs. Summary of the invention

[0008] Against this background, the object of the invention is to ensure the tightness of a fresh concrete composite system in a simple, reliable and long-lasting manner, even in the connection area of ​​a liquid waterproofing to the fresh concrete composite film.

[0009] This object is achieved by a system having the features of claim 1 and a structure and a component having the features of claim 11.

[0010] Advantageous further training results from the subclaims.

[0011] The invention is based on the fundamental idea that the permanent tightness of a composite surface system can only be guaranteed if all components of the system meet the corresponding requirements. The transition from one sealing material to another has been identified as a potential hazard, as there is a risk that the different materials could separate from each other, thereby compromising the tightness of the composite surface system. In particular, it must be ensured that such areas do not pose a risk of leakage.

[0012] The invention addresses this problem and provides a solution for the connection area between a liquid waterproofing layer and a fresh concrete composite membrane, achieving a permanent and reliable waterproofing effect. This is achieved by arranging a surface bonding element in the connection area between the fresh concrete composite membrane and the liquid waterproofing layer. This element creates a strong adhesive bond to the fresh concrete composite membrane on one side and bonds tightly to the liquid waterproofing layer on the other. In this way, a fresh concrete composite membrane can be improved for a better connection to a liquid waterproofing layer after the concrete has set and the formwork has been removed from the component.

[0013] The adhesive bond is achieved via an adhesive layer on the inside of the surface bonding element, the surface of which can be covered with a protective film, such as silicone paper, until it is applied to the fresh concrete composite membrane. To attach and bond the surface bonding element to the fresh concrete composite membrane, simply remove the protective film and apply the surface bonding element to the fresh concrete composite membrane at the designated location. This requires neither tools nor in-depth specialist knowledge, making handling the surface bonding element extremely simple, quick, and efficient.

[0014] Advantageously, the adhesive layer is formed by a pressure-sensitive adhesive that develops its adhesive strength immediately. The surface bonding element is thus fixed to the fresh concrete composite membrane immediately after its attachment, significantly accelerating construction progress. In the contact joint, the adhesive bonds the fresh concrete composite membrane and the surface bonding element through electrostatic interactions and mechanical interlocks, allowing high shear and normal forces to be transferred between the fresh concrete composite membrane and the surface bonding element. Adhesives are effective largely independent of the materials being bonded. For this purpose, adhesives based on acrylate, rubber, or silicone have been found to be suitable.

[0015] At the same time, the bond-enhancing outer surface of the surface adhesive composite element contributes to the ability of the liquid waterproofing to bond intimately with the surface adhesive composite element. The bond is achieved, on the one hand, through the material bond between the liquid waterproofing and the surface adhesive composite element. On the other hand, the creation of micro-interlocking in the contact plane between the surface adhesive composite element and the liquid waterproofing creates a connection via positive locking and frictional engagement, which further enhances the bonding effect. Furthermore, the micro-interlocking enlarges the contact area between the surface adhesive composite element and the liquid waterproofing, thus increasing the barrier effect of the system according to the invention against water leakage.

[0016] According to the invention, granular materials such as sand, quartz sand, and the like are preferably used as bond-enhancing agents. These materials are characterized by high strength and durability and are available at low cost. Alternatively or cumulatively, the bond-enhancing agents can also be formed from nonwovens or woven fabrics whose fibers are anchored in the liquid waterproofing. Last but not least, another possible means for bond-enhancing is to roughen the outer surface of the surface adhesive composite element. This is advantageously done mechanically in the factory during the production of the surface adhesive composite element, so that no additional effort is required during on-site installation.

[0017] The surface adhesive composite element preferably has a carrier layer, on the two opposite sides of which the adhesive layer and bond-enhancing layer are arranged. The carrier layer can thus meet the static requirements of the surface adhesive composite element, for example, to increase the inherent stability of the surface adhesive composite element during processing, storage, and transport. A carrier layer suitable in this sense can be made of plastic, for example, HDPE, or a metal or the like. At the same time, the two aforementioned functional layers on both sides of the carrier layer can be designed and optimized for their primary sealing and bonding functions.

[0018] In an advantageous development of the invention, a surface bonding element according to the invention is wider than the overlap area with the liquid waterproofing membrane, which means that after completion of the waterproofing work, a narrow strip of the surface bonding element protrudes beyond the liquid waterproofing membrane and thus remains visible. This allows for an initial visual inspection of whether a surface bonding element has been installed in the connection area between the liquid waterproofing membrane and the fresh concrete composite membrane.

[0019] Without being limited thereto, the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, wherein further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent. Where possible, identical reference numerals are used for identical or functionally equivalent features of different embodiments. Short description of the drawings

[0020] It shows Fig. 1 an oblique view of a longitudinal section of a first structure with a system according to the invention, Fig. 2 a section of the Fig. 1 of the first structure in area II on a larger scale, Fig. 3 an oblique view of a longitudinal section of a second structure with a system according to the invention, Fig. 4 a section of the Fig. 3 shown second structure in area IV on a larger scale, and Fig. 5 a partial cross-section of a surface adhesive composite element of a system according to the invention. Description of the embodiments

[0021] The Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show part of a building 1 to be sealed, comprising a base slab 2 resting on the ground and a wall 3 erected on the base slab 2. The base slab 2 and wall 3 are made of waterproof reinforced concrete and form a white trough. Reference numeral 4 designates the inside of the wall 3 facing the interior of the building, and reference numeral 5 designates the outside facing the ground. The wall 3 is offset inward relative to the outer end face 6 of the base slab 2, so that the base slab 2 forms an overhang 7 over the outer side 5 of the wall 3. To prevent water from penetrating the building 1, the water-exposed surfaces of the building 1 are sealed with the inventive system described below.

[0022] The system according to the invention initially comprises a fresh concrete composite film 8, which is arranged over the entire surface of the front side 6 and underside of the floor slab 2, as well as on the water-exposed area of ​​the outer side 5 of the wall 3. Without being limited thereto, the fresh concrete composite film 8 in the present exemplary embodiment has a multi-layer structure with a waterproof carrier layer made of HDPE, which has a composite layer on its inner side facing the concrete. The composite layer, which is exposed to the fresh concrete during the production of the floor slab 2 and wall 3, forms an intimate bond with the concrete, thereby preventing water from seeping behind it. The fresh concrete composite film 8 is smooth on its outer side.

[0023] The fresh concrete composite film 8 is primarily suitable for application on large, flat surfaces. However, its installation in areas deviating from a single plane, such as upstands, corners, offsets, and the like, poses considerable problems, as the fresh concrete composite film 8, due to its thickness and inherent rigidity, cannot, or can only inadequately, follow the geometry of the structure 1. In the affected areas, the bond to the structure 1 is missing, thus compromising the safety against backflow.

[0024] Such an area is, for example, the projection 7 formed by the base plate 2 over the wall 3 of the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the surface of which forms a strip 18 running at a right angle to the wall plane. In order to create a watertight and leak-proof structural seal here as well, a liquid seal 9 in the form of a liquid plastic is applied in this area instead of the fresh concrete composite film 8. The liquid seal 9 overlaps the longitudinal edges of the fresh concrete composite film 8 in its edge regions and thus forms a strip-shaped overlap area 10 running parallel to the two longitudinal edges in the area of ​​the wall 3 and the end face 6 of the floor slab 2.

[0025] In order to create a permanently tight and force-fitting connection between the liquid waterproofing 9 and the fresh concrete composite film 8, a strip-shaped surface adhesive composite element 11 is fastened in the overlapping area 10 along the two longitudinal edges of the fresh concrete composite film 8 delimiting the strip 18 between the fresh concrete composite film 8 and the liquid waterproofing 9, one longitudinal edge of which ends together with the edge of the fresh concrete composite film 8 and the other longitudinal edge of which forms an overhang over the overlapping area 10.

[0026] The more precise structure of the surface adhesive composite element 11 is shown in Fig. 5, which shows that the surface adhesive composite element 11 is formed in multiple layers with a central carrier layer 12, preferably made of plastic or metal. On the inner side facing the fresh concrete composite film 8, an adhesive layer 13 adjoins the carrier layer 12, which creates a material bond between the surface adhesive composite element 11 and the outer side of the fresh concrete composite film 8. For example, the adhesive layer consists of a pressure-sensitive adhesive, in particular based on acrylate, rubber, or silicone.

[0027] On the opposite outer side of the carrier layer 12, a layer 14 with means for increasing the bond with the liquid seal 9 is arranged. Fig. 5, these means consist, without limitation, of a granular material 15 such as quartz sand, the particles of which are fixed to the carrier layer 12 by means of a binder layer 16. Alternatively, for example, the arrangement of a fleece or fabric layer to increase the bond or a roughening of the surface of the surface adhesive composite element 11 is possible.

[0028] The liquid waterproofing layer 9, applied after bonding the surface bonding element 11, extends both over the strip 18 in the area of ​​the projection 7 and over the outer sides of the two surface bonding elements 11 in the overlapping areas 10 there, so that the fresh concrete composite film 8 and the liquid waterproofing layer 9 together form a continuous waterproofing layer across the surface. The liquid waterproofing layer 9 fills the spaces between the particles of the quartz sand 15, resulting in an interlocking of the liquid waterproofing layer 9 with the surface bonding element 11.

[0029] Due to the larger width of the surface adhesive composite element 11 compared to the overlap area 10, the surface adhesive composite element 11 projects beyond the upper and lower longitudinal edge of the liquid waterproofing 9 and is thus visually perceptible.

[0030] The Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 relate to the application of a system according to the invention in a building 1 whose floor slab 2 and wall 3 are produced in different concreting sections, so that a concreting joint 17 is created between the floor slab 2 and wall 3 and the outer side 5 of the wall 3 runs flush with the end face 6 of the floor slab 2. To ensure the tightness of the fresh concrete composite system in the area of ​​the concreting joint 17, the sealing of the fresh concrete composite film 8 is supplemented by a liquid sealing 9 as described below.

[0031] Analogous to the previously described embodiment, the embodiment according to the Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, a fresh concrete composite film 8 is applied flatly to the outer side of the wall 3 and to the front side 6 of the floor slab 2. The fresh concrete composite film 8 ends on both sides of the concreting joint 17 at a distance from the latter, leaving a strip 18 free of the fresh concrete composite film 8.

[0032] A strip-shaped surface adhesive composite element 11 is bonded to the fresh concrete composite film 8 along its longitudinal edges delimiting the strip 18, wherein the adhesive layer 13 of the surface adhesive composite element 11 connects to the outside of the fresh concrete composite film 8 in a liquid-tight manner. The design of the surface adhesive composite element 11 corresponds to the Fig. 5 described.

[0033] To complete the structural waterproofing, a continuous liquid waterproofing layer 9 is applied to the strip 18 and in the two laterally adjacent overlapping areas 10. The liquid waterproofing layer 9 forms a form-fitting and material-locking bond with the bond-enhancing layer 14 of the surface adhesive composite element 11. By filling depressions and elevations on the surface of the bond-enhancing layer 14 with the liquid waterproofing layer 9, in addition to a material bond, a micro-interlocking effect is created in the contact joint. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 2 907 832 A1

[0004]

Claims

[1] System for sealing a structure (1) against water comprising - a fresh concrete composite film (8) as a surface seal on the outer side (5) of a water-exposed component (2, 3) of the building (1), which is intended to be arranged in a first region of the component (2, 3), and - a liquid seal (9) intended to be arranged in an adjacent second area of ​​the component (2, 3), - wherein the fresh concrete composite film (8) and the liquid waterproofing (9) are tightly connected to one another to form an overlapping area (10), characterized by that a surface adhesive composite element (11) is arranged in the overlap area (10) between the fresh concrete composite film (8) and the liquid seal (9), - which has an adhesive layer (13) on its inner side facing the fresh concrete composite film (8) for bonding to the fresh concrete composite film (8), and - which has on its outer side facing the liquid seal (9) a layer (14) with means (15) for increasing the bond with the liquid seal (9). [2] System according to claim 1, characterized by that the surface adhesive composite element (11) has a carrier layer (12) on which the adhesive layer (13) and / or the layer (14) with means (15) for increasing the bond are / is arranged. [3] System according to claim 2, characterized by that the carrier layer (12) is formed by a plastic layer or metal layer, in particular by a layer of HDPE. [4] System according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the adhesive layer (13) consists of a pressure-sensitive adhesive, preferably a pressure-sensitive adhesive. [5] System according to claim 4, characterized by that the pressure sensitive adhesive is based on acrylate, rubber or silicone. [6] System according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by that the means (15) for increasing the bond comprise a layer of granular material (15), in particular quartz sand. [7] System according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by that the means for increasing the bond comprise a nonwoven or fabric layer. [8] System according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by that the means for increasing the bond comprise a layer with increased surface roughness. [9] System according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that the surface adhesive composite element (11) projects at least partially beyond the overlapping area (10) and forms a visually perceptible control surface with the projecting part. [10] System according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by that the liquid seal (9) is formed from a liquid plastic, preferably based on reactive resins. [11] A building or building component comprising a water-proofing system according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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