Testing device for smoke detectors

Abstract

Smoke detector test bench (1) (test device), preferably in the form of an optical bench, for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating the attenuation or attenuation change of an optical beam (2), in particular for determining the response value (trigger limit value), in particular wherein the smoke detector to be tested responds to attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam (2) and has at least one transmitter (3), at least one receiver (4) and optionally at least one reflector (5) or at least one transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) and at least one reflector (5), wherein the smoke detector test bench (1) comprises: - a first test specimen holder (7) for holding and / or receiving a receiver (4) or a transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) of a smoke detector to be tested, - a second test holder (8), in particular arranged opposite the first test holder, for holding and / or receiving a transmitter (3) or a reflector (5) of the smoke detector, wherein an optical, in particular linear, measuring section (2) is formed and / or is present between the first test specimen holder and the second test specimen holder (8), preferably wherein the first test specimen holder (7) and the second test specimen holder (8) are arranged and / or are to be arranged such that in the operating and / or test state of the smoke detector test stand (1) the receiver (4) or the transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) of the smoke detector to be tested, held and / or received by the first test specimen holder (7), on the one hand, and the transmitter (3) or reflector (5) held and / or received by the second test specimen holder (8), on the other hand, are positioned and / or aligned at least substantially at the same height and / or (horizontally) aligned; the smoke detector test bench (1) also features: - a positioning device (9) for the particularly selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of several test filters (10) from a plurality of test filters (10) provided and / or make available, in particular with the positioning device (9), into the beam path and / or out of the beam path of an optical beam (2) emanating from the transmitter (3) or the transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) and optionally reflected by a reflector (5) to generate an attenuation or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam (2), in particular wherein the positioning device (9) is designed • for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of a plurality of test filters (10), in particular both a single test filter (10) and a plurality of test filters (10), into or out of the beam path, wherein several test filters (10) inserted into the beam path have different distances to the first test specimen holder (7) and / or to the second test specimen holder (8), preferably different distances to the first test specimen holder (7) and to the second test specimen holder (8), and / or • for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of several test filters (10) from a plurality of test filters (10) into the beam path and / or out of the beam path, wherein the test filters (10) inserted into the beam path are arranged linearly in succession in the beam path in the direction of the optical beam (2); in particular wherein the positioning device (9) has a plurality of test filter holders (11) arranged linearly in the direction of the optical beam, wherein each test filter holder (11) is designed to hold and insert and / or remove at least one, preferably only one, test filter (10) into or out of the beam path and / or wherein each test filter holder (11) can be positioned independently of the other test filter holder(s) (11) within the beam path and / or wherein the test filter holders have a different distance to at least one test specimen holder (7, 8), in particular to both test specimen holders (7, 8), and / or in particular wherein the positioning device (9) is designed for the independent insertion and / or removal of several test filters (10) from a plurality of test filters (10) into or out of the beam path, preferably wherein each test filter (10) can always be inserted into the optical beam (2) at a test filter-specific position specified for the respective test filter (10) with a test filter-specific distance to at least one test specimen holder (7, 8), in particular to both test specimen holders (7, 8), preferably to the transmitter (3) or the transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) or to the receiver (4).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of testing and / or evaluating smoke detectors, preferably the testing and / or evaluation of, in particular, linear smoke detectors based on the transmitted light principle, which are also referred to as linear or optical smoke detectors, in a manner that complies with standards and / or standardizes.

[0002] In particular, the present invention relates to a smoke detector test bench or test device, preferably in the form of an optical bench, designed for the functional testing of a particularly linear smoke detector according to the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular with DIN EN 54-12:2015.

[0003] Furthermore, a procedure for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with and / or standards, is described, especially for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12.

[0004] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of a smoke detector test bench for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with and / or standards according to DIN EN 54-12.

[0005] Finally, the present invention also relates to the use of a plurality of different and / or distinct test filter arrangements and / or test filter combinations of test filters, introduced in a sequential manner (in time) into a beam path of an optical beam emanating from a transmitter or a transmitter-receiver device of a smoke detector to be tested, in particular selectively and / or preferably automatically, to generate an attenuation and / or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam.

[0006] Fire detectors are technical devices that trigger an alarm in the event of a fire, for example, in homes, public buildings, vehicles, industrial plants, etc. A distinction is made between automatic fire detectors, which detect a fire based on physical properties, and non-automatic fire detectors, which must be manually activated. The primary function of a fire alarm is to warn endangered persons in the fire area, for example, within a building, and to initiate firefighting measures and measures to protect property and people, usually also including alerting the responsible security personnel or the fire department.

[0007] Besides smoke detectors, which protect living areas, fire detectors are frequently used in conjunction with a fire alarm system. In Germany, fire alarm systems must be designed, planned, and installed according to DIN 14675 and the Technical Connection Conditions for Fire Alarm Systems (TAB), which are issued by the individual districts or under the direction of the local fire department. In Austria, for example, the TRVB 114 and 123 are authoritative. Other building codes may also apply locally or regionally. Within the EU, fire detectors for fire alarm systems must meet the requirements of the relevant standard in the EN 54 series.

[0008] Automatic fire detectors include in particular smoke detectors (i.e. optical and photoelectric smoke detectors, ionization smoke detectors, etc.), heat detectors, multi-sensor fire detectors, fire gas detectors, flame detectors, linear smoke detectors, linear heat detectors, video fire detectors, etc.

[0009] Automatic fire detectors can provide early warning of fires in their initial stages. In the event of a fire, a flashover, sometimes also referred to as a smoke gas ignition, can occur after just three to four minutes, thus causing an extreme spread of the fire.

[0010] Linear smoke detectors, sometimes colloquially called "beamers," typically consist of a transmitter, a receiver, and a detector. These types of smoke detectors are usually mounted on or near the ceiling of a room being monitored. The detector reacts to the attenuation of an optical beam between the transmitter and receiver caused by smoke, similar to a light barrier. The attenuation of the light beam, also known as attenuation, or the change in attenuation, also known as attenuation change, is detected and evaluated.

[0011] Linear smoke detectors based on the transmitted light principle respond to smoke as a result of attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam emitted by the transmitter.

[0012] In addition to a design consisting of a transmitter and a receiver as separate components, smoke detectors of the type in question can alternatively have a combined or compact transmitter-receiver unit as a separate or central component, which interacts with an optical beam emitted by the transmitter of the transmitter-receiver unit to reflect the optical beam. The receiver of the transmitter-receiver arrangement then receives or detects the optical beam reflected by the reflector.

[0013] Therefore, an optical measuring path is formed between the transmitter, from which the optical beam originates, and the receiver, which receives the optical beam. This path is understood as the total distance traveled by the optical beam from its point of emission, via the transmitter, to its point of reception, via the receiver. In the variant with the combined transmitter-receiver unit in combination with the reflector, the optical measuring path, or the total distance traveled by the optical beam, typically corresponds to twice the distance between the transmitter-receiver unit and the reflector.

[0014] In its usual operating or application state, the smoke detector or its components define an optical measuring path limited on both sides, namely in the form of opposing components, namely the transmitter on the one hand and the receiver on the other, or the transmitter-receiver unit on the one hand and the reflector on the other.

[0015] The primary function of fire and smoke detectors is therefore to provide early warning of fire and smoke hazards, thus saving lives and protecting property. In many countries, fire detectors and fire alarm systems are legally regulated due to their safety-relevant function. Compliance with the relevant standards ensures that fire and smoke detectors meet legal requirements and comply with legal regulations in the event of a fire. This applies not only to manufacturers but also to installers and operators of fire alarm systems, who must ensure that the standards are observed and adhered to during installation and maintenance.

[0016] Standards therefore play a significant role in ensuring the quality, safety, and functionality of smoke and fire alarm systems. Their relevance extends to technical, legal, and economic aspects and is of central importance, particularly in safety-critical areas such as fire protection.

[0017] As part of the standard testing of fire detectors, they serve as a binding reference to ensure that the devices or smoke detectors to be tested meet the required safety standards and reliably and promptly sound the alarm in the event of a fire or a specific smoke development.

[0018] In smoke detectors, which comprise various components such as transmitters, receivers / reflectors, and / or fire detectors, it is crucial that all parts communicate seamlessly, reliably, and without interference in the event of a fire. Relevant standards ensure the reproducibility and compatibility of the individual system and component parts of the smoke detectors.

[0019] The EN 54 series of standards (or DIN EN 54) for fire alarm systems is a set of European standards that includes product standards and application guidelines for fire alarm and voice alarm systems. These product standards define product characteristics, test methods, and performance criteria according to which the effectiveness and reliability of fire alarm system components can be assessed and explained. Many of the product standards in the EN 54 series are harmonized standards under the Construction Products Regulation (EU) No 305 / 2011 (CPR).

[0020] Annex ZA of the harmonized standards specifies which sections of the standard apply for the purposes of the Construction Products Regulation (CPR). Annex ZA also describes the two-stage certification process: certification of constancy of performance for the product (product certification) and certification of conformity of the factory production control (FPC certification).

[0021] EN 54 is adopted in Germany as DIN EN 54, in Austria as ÖNORM EN 54, and in Switzerland as SN EN 54. The EN 54 series was developed by the European Technical Committee CEN / TC72 "Fire detection and alarm systems". In Germany, the DIN Standards Committee for Firefighting (FNFW) is responsible.

[0022] For example, the DIN EN 54 standard, which is the relevant standard for fire alarm systems, defines specific criteria for the functionality of fire detectors, such as their sensitivity to smoke, heat, or CO2. Only if a fire or smoke detector meets these standards can it be considered reliable and safe.

[0023] The requirements, test methods, and performance characteristics specifically for linear or optical smoke detectors based on the transmitted light principle or the type described above are defined in the German standard DIN EN 54-12 (current version: October 2015), which corresponds to the German version of the European standard EN 54-12:2015. This European standard provides for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) of linear detectors based on the transmitted light principle according to this EN standard.

[0024] In detail, DIN EN 54-12 defines test procedures and methods for verifying the functionality, sensitivity and reaction time of smoke detectors.

[0025] Specifically, smoke detectors based on the transmitted light principle must exhibit a permissible or stable response behavior to comply with the standard DIN EN 54-12. In other words, it must ultimately be ensured that a smoke detector being tested exhibits a reliable, reproducible, and sufficiently sensitive response behavior, whereby the response behavior in operational conditions or in practice typically involves the triggering of an alarm signal to indicate or warn of a fire.

[0026] The triggering of the alarm signal of a smoke detector usually coincides with reaching a so-called response value or trigger threshold.

[0027] The response value (trigger threshold) of an optical smoke detector, as defined in DIN EN 54-12, describes the sensitivity of the smoke detector at which it first reacts and triggers an alarm. This value is often also referred to as the threshold at which the smoke detector emits an alarm signal.

[0028] Specifically, the response value is defined as the degree of attenuation resulting from smoke acting on the optical beam, at which an alarm signal is generated by the smoke detector (i.e., the test object according to DIN EN 54-12).

[0029] To replicate or simulate the effects of smoke on the detector or the optical beam, the relevant standard, DIN EN 54-12, specifies attenuation of the optical beam by darkening (i.e., attenuation) using a filter (i.e., an optical attenuation filter). The filter thus functions as a test filter and must be positioned so that the optical measuring path or beam path is covered and the repeatability of the measurement is ensured.

[0030] The filters to be used according to the standard must have a defined and appropriate spectral sensitivity for the wavelength or wavelength range used or emitted by the detector. The obscuration achieved by the filter during testing must be defined for the essential wavelength emitted by the transmitter and received by the receiver.

[0031] The standard-compliant testing, evaluation and implementation of the test is carried out using a suitable test setup, whereby appropriate optical attenuation filters are manually inserted into the beam axis or the optical beam (i.e. the optical measuring path) between the transmitter or transmitter-receiver arrangement and, if applicable, a reflector to simulate the effect of smoke.

[0032] Manually inserting filters into the optical beam or beam axis has proven problematic in practice. In particular, a defined and / or precise insertion and / or holding of the test filter is not guaranteed (i.e., undesirable angulation of the test filters during insertion into the beam path, occurrence of unwanted reflections and interference signals, varying insertion times for different test filters, etc.). Furthermore, shadows can be caused by fingerprints resulting from unintentional contact with the test filter. Moreover, it cannot be guaranteed that the filter(s) will always be positioned at the same height or in a defined orientation within the beam path, which can unintentionally lead to variations in attenuation.It is also not always possible to ensure that the relevant test filter is introduced into the beam path within the same time period, especially not within the short time period of 1 second specified by the standard.

[0033] In this context, it is particularly problematic that the time periods specified in the standard in question are defined with regard to the dwell time of a filter in the beam path or with regard to a maximum insertion time for a filter into the beam path. These requirements, in particular, cannot be reliably and reproducibly met with manual filter insertion or removal.

[0034] Ultimately, manual positioning is also disadvantageous in that it cannot be guaranteed that the test filter(s) always have the same distance to the detector, i.e., to the receiver and / or the transmitter.

[0035] As a result, manual filter installation proves problematic. In particular, reproducible conformity testing according to the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12 cannot be achieved based on manual procedures or positioning.

[0036] The above shortcomings and problems are all the more significant because optical measurement and testing methods are generally subject to a comparatively high sensitivity, and even minor deviations, for example regarding the alignment or orientation of the filters relative to the optical beam, impurities on the filters, etc., have a considerable impact on the measurement and testing quality, especially with the consequence that a standard-compliant or standardized test is no longer possible or only possible to a limited extent.

[0037] The test devices and test methods for smoke detectors described in the prior art, such as those described in EP 4 270 350 A1, do not meet the requirements of a standard-compliant test according to DIN EN 54-12. In particular, the test filters described therein and the execution of the test do not enable a reliable or reproducible determination of the required functionality of smoke detectors in accordance with DIN EN 54-12.

[0038] Against this background, there is an increased need in practice for testing concepts or testing procedures that allow for a standard-compliant or standardized functional test of a smoke detector, in particular in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12.

[0039] In particular, one object of the present invention is therefore to provide a technically efficient solution for a comprehensive testing concept (i.e., testing device and testing method) with which the disadvantages of the prior art or from practice described above are to be avoided as far as possible or at least mitigated.

[0040] In particular, the present invention is based on the objective of providing a test concept (i.e., test device and test method) that can be implemented in particular in accordance with DIN EN 54-12 for the preferably standard-compliant or standardized functional testing of smoke detectors, in particular linear smoke detectors based on the transmitted light principle, which enables a particularly reliable and reproducible, preferably standard-compliant and / or standardized functional testing of smoke detectors.

[0041] In this context, a particular object of the present invention is to provide a smoke detector test bench or test device and a corresponding method that enables reliable and reproducible, and in particular standard-compliant and / or standardized, functional testing of smoke detectors, especially linear smoke detectors based on the transmitted light principle, preferably for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12. In particular, the disadvantages of the prior art and practical experience described above should be largely avoided or at least mitigated.

[0042] In a completely unexpected manner, the applicant has now found that, based on the inventive concept underlying the present invention – and in particular on the basis of a smoke detector test bench for the standard-compliant and / or standardized functional testing of a smoke detector, as well as a method and uses adapted thereto – a reliable or reproducible and in particular standard-compliant and / or standardized testing of smoke detectors, especially of smoke detectors operating on the transmitted light principle, is made possible.

[0043] To solve the problem described above, the present invention proposes – according to a first aspect of the present invention – a smoke detector test bench (test device), preferably in the form of an optical bench, for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing according to the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating the attenuation or attenuation change of an optical beam, in particular for determining the response value (trigger threshold), according to claim 1. Advantageous further developments and embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding dependent claims.

[0044] Furthermore, a method is described for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam, in particular for determining the response value (trigger limit value).

[0045] A further aspect of the present invention is the use of a smoke detector test bench for the functional testing of a smoke detector, particularly for conformity testing in accordance with standards and / or regulations, and especially for conformity testing according to the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, which corresponds to the German version EN 54-12:2015, and in particular for the functional testing of a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle by evaluating the attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam, in particular the response value according to the independent use claim relating to this use. Advantageous further developments and embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding use claims.

[0046] Finally, the subject matter of the present invention – according to a third aspect of the present invention – is the use of a plurality of different and / or distinct test filter arrangements and / or test filter combinations of test filters, preferably introduced sequentially into a beam path of an optical beam emanating from a transmitter or transmitter-receiver device of a smoke detector to be tested, in particular selectively and / or preferably automatically, to generate an attenuation and / or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam, for the purpose of functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear or...Linear smoke detectors based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating the attenuation or attenuation change of an optical beam, in particular for determining the response value (trigger threshold), according to the independent use patent claim relating to this use. Advantageous further developments and embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the corresponding use claims.

[0047] It goes without saying that any embodiments, designs, advantages and the like, which are listed below for the purpose of avoiding repetition only with regard to one aspect of the invention, naturally also apply to the other aspects of the invention without the need for separate mention.

[0048] Furthermore, it goes without saying that the following specifications of values, numbers and ranges are not to be understood as limiting; it is self-evident to the person skilled in the art that deviations from the specified range or specifications are possible in individual cases or depending on the application, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0049] Furthermore, it should be noted that all values ​​or parameters mentioned below, or the like, can generally be determined using standardized or explicitly specified determination methods, or using determination methods that are generally familiar to those skilled in the field.

[0050] Furthermore, it must be noted that for all relative or percentage-based quantity specifications and / or dimensional specifications mentioned below, especially those related to weight, these specifications must be selected or combined by a person skilled in the art in such a way that the total always results in 100% or 100% by weight, possibly including further components or parts, particularly as defined below. This is self-evident to a person skilled in the art.

[0051] Furthermore, for the purposes of describing the present invention, the features of the present invention cited in connection with specific embodiments, configurations, advantages, examples, or the like are also considered disclosed in combination. Thus, higher-order combinations of individual or multiple features cited for specific embodiments, configurations, application examples, or the like are also considered disclosed.

[0052] In particular, with regard to the features characterizing the invention, all possible combinations of these features shall be deemed disclosed, with embodiments of comparable or corresponding preference of the various features in their combination being preferred (e.g. quantities or quantity ranges of the relevant parameters of the same preference or the like).

[0053] It is particularly important to note that for the following information relating to the various parameters of the smoke detector test bench or the method according to the invention, or the like, the respective combinations relating to the various parameters with the corresponding preference or preference are also disclosed. Likewise, all other combinations (i.e., combinations based on different preferences or different preference levels) are also disclosed.

[0054] Having said that, the invention will now be described and explained in more detail, also with reference to drawings or figures illustrating preferred embodiments or exemplary embodiments.

[0055] The subject matter of the present invention – according to a first aspect of the present invention – is thus a smoke detector test bench (test device), preferably in the form of an optical bench, for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating the attenuation or attenuation change of an optical beam, in particular for determining the response value (trigger threshold). in particular wherein the smoke detector to be tested responds to attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam and has at least one transmitter, at least one receiver and optionally at least one reflector or at least one transmitter-receiver arrangement and at least one reflector, the smoke detector test bench features: - a first test specimen holder for holding and / or receiving a receiver or transmitter-receiver arrangement of a smoke detector to be tested, - a second test specimen holder, in particular arranged opposite the first test specimen holder, for holding and / or receiving a transmitter or a reflector of the smoke detector, wherein an optical, in particular linear optical, measuring section is formed and / or is present between the first test specimen holder and the second test specimen holder, preferably wherein the first test specimen holder and the second test specimen holder are arranged and / or are to be arranged such that in the operating and / or test state of the smoke detector test stand, the receiver or transmitter-receiver arrangement of the smoke detector to be tested, held and / or received by the first test specimen holder, on the one hand, and the transmitter or reflector, held and / or received by the second test specimen holder, on the other hand, are positioned and / or aligned at least substantially at the same height and / or (horizontally) aligned; The smoke detector test bench also features: - a positioning device for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of multiple test filters from a plurality of test filters provided and / or make available with the positioning device into the beam path and / or out of the beam path of an optical beam emanating from the transmitter or transmitter-receiver arrangement and optionally reflected by a reflector, in order to generate an attenuation or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam, in particular wherein the positioning device is designed • for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of a plurality of test filters, in particular both a single test filter and a plurality of test filters, into or out of the beam path, wherein several test filters inserted into the beam path have different distances to the first test specimen holder and / or to the second test specimen holder, preferably different distances to the first test specimen holder and to the second test specimen holder, and / or • for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of multiple test filters from a plurality of test filters into the beam path and / or out of the beam path, wherein the test filters inserted into the beam path are arranged linearly in succession in the beam path in the direction of the optical beam; in particular wherein the positioning device has a plurality of test filter holders arranged linearly in the direction of the optical beam, wherein each test filter holder is designed to hold and insert and / or remove at least one, preferably only one, test filter into or out of the beam path, and / or wherein each test filter holder can be positioned independently of the other test filter holder(s) within the beam path, and / or wherein the test filter holders have a different distance to at least one test specimen holder, in particular to both test specimen holders, and / or in particular wherein the positioning device for the independent insertion and / or removal of several test filters from a plurality of test filters into or out of the beam path, preferably wherein each test filter can always be inserted into the optical beam at a test filter-specific position specified for the respective test filter with a test filter-specific distance to at least one test specimen holder, in particular to both test specimen holders, preferably to the transmitter or the transmitter-receiver arrangement or to the receiver.

[0056] The smoke detector test stand according to the invention therefore has in particular at least one first test specimen holder for holding and / or receiving a receiver or a transmitter-receiver arrangement of a smoke detector to be tested and in particular at least one second test specimen holder, preferably arranged opposite the first test specimen holder, for holding and / or receiving a transmitter or a reflector of the smoke detector, wherein an optical, in particular linear optical, measuring path is formed and / or is present between the first test specimen holder and the second test specimen holder.

[0057] The first and / or the second test specimen holder is / are preferably plate-shaped and / or have / have a preferably at least substantially planar or flat holding and / or mounting surface for the receiver and / or the transmitter and / or the transmitter-receiver assembly and / or the reflector. In this respect, the smoke detector test stand or test device is preferably designed for use with or in accordance with the smoke detector, in particular for the fixed mounting or installation of the receiver and / or the transmitter-receiver assembly and / or the transmitter and / or the reflector of the smoke detector.

[0058] Furthermore, the smoke detector test bench according to the invention has a positioning device. The positioning device is designed in particular for the selective, i.e., selectable and / or preferably automated, insertion and / or removal of a plurality of test filters, in particular both a single test filter and a plurality of test filters, into or out of the beam path, wherein several test filters inserted into the beam path have different distances to the first test specimen holder and / or to the second test specimen holder, preferably different distances to the first test specimen holder and to the second test specimen holder.

[0059] Adjacent test filters, which in particular have different distances to the first test specimen holder and / or the second test specimen holder, are also spaced apart from each other, in particular arranged or arrangable in a linear sequence in the beam path. In particular, the distances between adjacent test filters are preferably less than 15 cm, more preferably less than 10 cm, more preferably less than 5 cm, and more preferably less than 2 cm. It is also possible for adjacent test filters to be in direct and / or contact with each other.

[0060] Particularly preferred is the positioning device provided according to the invention for the selective and / or automated insertion and / or removal of several test filters from a plurality of test filters into and / or out of the beam path, preferably wherein the test filters inserted into the beam path are arranged linearly one after the other in the beam path in the direction of the optical beam.

[0061] For the constructive implementation, the positioning device can have a plurality of test filter holders arranged linearly in the direction of the optical beam, wherein each test filter holder is designed to hold and / or insert and / or remove at least one, preferably only one, test filter into or out of the beam path, and / or wherein each test filter holder can be positioned independently of the other test filter holder(s) within the beam path, and / or wherein the test filter holders each have a different distance to at least one test specimen holder, in particular to both test specimen holders.

[0062] It is particularly preferred that the majority of test filters can be positioned in or out of the beam path by means of the positioning device, preferably wherein each test filter can always be inserted into or removed from the optical beam at a test filter-specific position specified for the respective test filter at a test filter-specific distance to at least one test specimen holder, in particular to both test specimen holders, preferably to the transmitter or the transmitter-receiver arrangement.

[0063] A central idea of ​​the present invention is therefore to employ a positioning device for test filters to be introduced into an optical beam, with which a defined or position-fixed, and ultimately reproducibly reliable, filter insertion and / or filter removal of test filters, in particular selectively selectable, into and / or out of the optical beam can be implemented, especially also in automated operation.

[0064] In contrast to the manual filter insertion and removal known from practice, the concept according to the invention thus provides for a constructively or automatically supported filter insertion and removal, based on a positioning device specifically designed with regard to the application concept according to the invention.

[0065] The term "automated," as used in the context of the present invention, is to be understood in this context in particular as meaning that the insertion and / or removal of at least one test filter and / or a plurality of test filters is carried out by means of the positioning device, i.e., machine-assisted or non-manual, i.e., motorized. In other words, the "automated" insertion and / or removal of the test filter(s) is carried out without human intervention or force, i.e., motorized, particularly with regard to the energy expenditure and time required for positioning and / or removal.

[0066] It should be noted, however, that the term "automated" should not be interpreted as meaning that all human involvement is excluded. Semi-automated filter insertion and / or removal is also possible, for example, by manually triggering or operating the filter insertion and / or removal process, which then executes the automated process. Such operation can be performed manually, for instance, via a control unit connected to the positioning device, such as a computer or laptop.

[0067] The term "selective", as used in the context of the present invention, is to be understood in this context in particular as meaning that individual test filters and / or groups of test filters or test filter arrangements can be individually selected from a plurality of provided test filters and, after selection, can be selected or "selected" into or out of the beam path of the optical beam emanating from the transmitter by means of the positioning device.

[0068] According to the invention, a smoke detector test bench is provided that enables a defined and user-friendly and ultimately standardized or norm-compliant conformity test of a smoke detector.

[0069] In particular, the susceptibility previously observed in practice in connection with manual or error-prone filter insertion and removal is replaced by a machine-based or automated, and therefore precise, filter insertion and removal process during smoke detector testing. Unlike manual operation, this automated process also defines or specifies the duration reproducibly and predictably. In other words, the invention ensures that test filters to be inserted into the optical beam for the purpose of attenuating the optical beam or simulating smoke development can be positioned optimally, reliably, and / or reproducibly within defined and / or predetermined time periods.

[0070] In this regard, the applicant has found, in a completely surprising manner, that a linearly successive arrangement of test filters does not lead to an impairment or influence on the reproducibility of the measurement results, for example in comparison to a manually performed filter insertion, in which individual test filters are alternately inserted manually at the shortest possible, but always constant distance to the receiver of the smoke detector.

[0071] In particular, the applicant discovered, in a completely unexpected manner, that a standardized or reproducible functional test or determination of the response behavior can be carried out using a linearly successive arrangement of test filters, with reference to the receiver or the transmitter and / or with reference to a transmitter-receiver arrangement.

[0072] In particular, based on this finding, the applicant was then able to implement a constructive or automatable technical implementation, namely on the basis of the positioning device provided according to the invention, by means of which linearly successive test filters can now be selectively and / or preferably automatically introduced into and / or removed from the beam path.

[0073] In other words, the positioning device provided according to the invention enables precise compliance with the test requirements for filter insertion and removal into the optical beam, as specified in particular in DIN EN 54-12. This applies especially to the required insertion and removal time of the filter, particularly where precise and reproducible control of the positioning device is required with regard to a predetermined time period within which a test filter and / or a test filter arrangement or combination, i.e., a plurality of test filters, are to be inserted into and remain in the optical beam.

[0074] Therefore, an exact insertion and / or removal time, up to which a complete insertion and / or removal of a test filter and / or a test filter arrangement into or out of the optical beam is to take place, is also ensured due to the use of the positioning device, for example by machine programming or specification of the extension and / or insertion acceleration and / or extension and / or insertion times of the positioning device or the test filters into and / or out of the beam path.

[0075] Furthermore, the positioning device also allows for a defined alignment of the majority of the test filters with respect to the optical beam, in particular such that the adjustment direction of the test filter is always perpendicular and / or vertical relative to the optical beam. Therefore, if the optical beam has at least a substantially horizontal main orientation, the positioning device enables the insertion and / or removal of the test filter and / or a plurality of test filters into and / or out of the beam path in a direction perpendicular to it, in particular along a vertical direction.

[0076] Furthermore, due to the automated or selective filter insertion and / or removal based on the positioning device, manual or direct contact with a test filter by the user is avoided or at least circumvented in such a way that no shadows or contamination occur on the test filter(s) (e.g., due to unwanted fingerprints, grease marks, dust, other contaminants, etc.).

[0077] The positioning device according to the invention can also enable the test filter(s) to be positioned in a fixed position in the vertical direction or in the vertical direction relative to each other. In particular, it can ensure that test filters to be inserted into or removed from the beam path by means of the positioning device are always aligned in the same vertical orientation or in alignment with each other and / or relative to the transmitter, receiver, reflector and / or the transmitter-receiver arrangement, or can be positioned for the purpose of functional testing.

[0078] The test device or smoke detector test bench is particularly preferably designed in the form of an optical bench.

[0079] According to the invention, an "optical bench" is preferably a technical device that serves to hold and / or arrange elements of a linear optical system. In the smoke detector test bench according to the invention, an optical bench is preferably used or incorporated, which carries and / or holds at least one linear support for optical components, in this case for a transmitter, receiver and / or reflector and / or a transmitter-receiver arrangement.

[0080] In particular, the "optical bench" is designed to adjust the first test specimen holder relative to the second test specimen holder, especially in the direction of the optical beam. Furthermore, an "optical bench" enables a substantially horizontal test alignment, particularly when the smoke detector or its components are arranged such that an optical beam that is at least substantially horizontally oriented is generated.

[0081] An “optical bench” is particularly preferred if it is characterized by a design that allows free access from the top and / or sides, especially between the specimen holders or over the area of ​​the optical measuring section.

[0082] According to the invention, the term "optical" or "optical measuring path" is preferably to be understood broadly and includes in particular the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is generated by the transmitter or the transmitter-receiver unit and that can be processed by the receiver or the transmitter-receiver unit in terms of signal processing. In particular, the term "optical" is not limited to the visible wavelength range.

[0083] In particular, the optical bench enables a fixed arrangement and / or mounting of the smoke detector or the transmitter and / or receiver and / or reflector and / or the transmitter-receiver assembly at a defined height, especially in accordance with the requirements of the standard in question, DIN EN 54-12:2015, particularly with regard to section 5.1.5.2, second paragraph of DIN EN 54-12:2015. This ensures that the results in question are particularly reproducible and / or standardized.

[0084] Furthermore, the optical bench allows the test filter(s) to be inserted into the beam path for only the standard-required 30 seconds (see in particular section 5.1.5.3 of the relevant standard DIN EN 54-12:2015), as it is then automatically withdrawn. Control can be achieved via a control device, such as a computer or laptop, which contains appropriate time calibration or timing settings to ensure compliance with the time specifications for insertion into the beam path as defined in the standard.

[0085] Within the scope of the present invention, a technical solution is thus provided that enables functional tests of a test specimen, i.e., a particularly linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, to be carried out in a standard-compliant and / or standardized manner, particularly for conformity testing according to the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12. This is primarily due to the use of a purpose-built positioning device for the selective and / or automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of a test filter or multiple test filters into or out of the beam path, ensuring that the respective test filters can always be positioned at the same location and / or in the same orientation relative to each other and / or to the test specimen holder.

[0086] The subject matter of the present invention – according to a first aspect of the present invention – is thus a smoke detector test bench (test device), preferably in the form of an optical bench, for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating the attenuation or attenuation change of an optical beam, in particular for determining the response value (trigger limit), in particular wherein the smoke detector to be tested responds to attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam and has at least one transmitter, at least one receiver and optionally at least one reflector or at least one transmitter-receiver arrangement and at least one reflector. the smoke detector test bench features: - a first test specimen holder for holding and / or receiving a receiver or transmitter-receiver arrangement of a smoke detector to be tested, - a second test specimen holder, in particular arranged opposite the first test specimen holder, for holding and / or receiving a transmitter or a reflector of the smoke detector, wherein an optical, in particular linear optical, measuring section is formed and / or is present between the first test specimen holder and the second test specimen holder, preferably wherein the first test specimen holder and the second test specimen holder are arranged and / or are to be arranged such that in the operating and / or test state of the smoke detector test stand, the receiver or transmitter-receiver arrangement of the smoke detector to be tested, held and / or received by the first test specimen holder, on the one hand, and the transmitter or reflector, held and / or received by the second test specimen holder, on the other hand, are positioned and / or aligned at least substantially at the same height and / or (horizontally) aligned; The smoke detector test bench also features: - a positioning device for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of several test filters from a plurality of test filters provided and / or make available with the positioning device into the beam path and / or out of the beam path of an optical beam emanating from the transmitter or transmitter-receiver arrangement and optionally reflected by a reflector to generate an attenuation or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam, in particular wherein the positioning device is designed • for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of a plurality of test filters, in particular both a single test filter and a plurality of test filters, into or out of the beam path, wherein several test filters inserted into the beam path have different distances to the first test specimen holder and / or to the second test specimen holder, preferably different distances to the first test specimen holder and to the second test specimen holder, and / or • for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of multiple test filters from a plurality of test filters into the beam path and / or out of the beam path, wherein the test filters inserted into the beam path are arranged linearly in succession in the beam path in the direction of the optical beam; in particular wherein the positioning device has a plurality of test filter holders arranged linearly in the direction of the optical beam, wherein each test filter holder is designed to hold and insert and / or remove at least one, preferably only one, test filter into or out of the beam path, and / or wherein each test filter holder can be positioned independently of the other test filter holder(s) within the beam path, and / or wherein the test filter holders have a different distance to at least one test specimen holder, in particular to both test specimen holders, and / or in particular wherein the positioning device for the independent insertion and / or removal of several test filters from a plurality of test filters into or out of the beam path, preferably wherein each test filter can always be inserted into the optical beam at a test filter-specific position specified for the respective test filter with a test filter-specific distance to at least one test specimen holder, in particular to both test specimen holders, preferably to the transmitter or the transmitter-receiver arrangement or to the receiver.

[0087] As regards the positioning device, it is designed for the simultaneous holding and simultaneous insertion and, in particular, removal of a plurality of test filters into or from the beam path.

[0088] Particularly preferred is at least one test filter holder of the positioning device for filter insertion and, in particular, filter ejection of at least one, preferably only one, test filter into the beam path of the optical beam.

[0089] It is particularly preferred that the test filter holder be adjustable and / or movable relative to the beam path and / or to the test specimen holders.

[0090] It has proven advantageous if the test filter holder is preferably adjustable and / or movable at least substantially perpendicular to the beam path.

[0091] It is equally preferred if a drive device with at least one, in particular motorized, drive is provided for adjusting and / or moving at least one test filter holder relative to the beam path and / or relative to at least one test specimen holder.

[0092] It has proven particularly advantageous if a linear axis drive is provided, in particular, as a drive device for adjusting and / or moving the test filter holder.

[0093] A spindle drive is particularly preferred as the linear axis drive or drive unit. In this configuration, the linear axis preferably forms a self-supporting structural system with which a circular motion generated by a motor can be converted into a linear motion along an axis. This ensures a fast and precise filter insertion and / or removal.

[0094] According to a preferred embodiment, a plurality of test filter holders are provided, in particular wherein each test filter holder is assigned a drive, preferably a motor drive, as a drive device, wherein the motor drives can preferably be controlled independently of each other.

[0095] It has proven particularly advantageous to provide a control and / or regulating device for controlling and / or regulating the adjustment and / or the movement or displacement of at least one test filter holder, preferably all test filter holders, in particular wherein the control and / or regulating device is designed to position at least one test filter holder, preferably a plurality of test filter holders, in the beam path for a predetermined period of time, preferably at least 30 s, after insertion into the beam path, and / or to remove them from the beam path, preferably completely, preferably automatically and / or by motor.

[0096] In particular, the control and / or regulating device is designed to introduce at least one test filter holder, preferably a plurality of test filter holders, into the beam path within a predetermined insertion time, in particular wherein the predetermined insertion time is a maximum of 2 s (2 seconds), in particular a maximum of 1 s (1 second).

[0097] It is particularly preferred if a plurality of test filter holders are provided, wherein at least two test filter holders, preferably all test filter holders, are independently adjustable and / or movable relative to the beam path and / or to at least one test specimen holder; and / or wherein at least two test filter holders are jointly, in particular synchronously, adjustable and / or movable for the insertion of a plurality of test filters simultaneously into the beam path of the optical beam.

[0098] Particularly good results are obtained within the scope of the present invention if only and / or exclusively calibrated test filters are arranged and / or held or arranged on the test filter holders.

[0099] With regard to functional testing over a wide range of applications, it is preferred within the scope of the invention if a pre-filter device with at least one pre-filter holder for pre-filter insertion and, in particular, pre-filter ejection of at least one pre-filter, preferably a plurality of pre-filters, is provided, in particular upstream in the direction of the optical beam of the positioning device to generate an attenuation or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam.

[0100] In this case, it is preferred that the pre-filter device is designed to generate attenuation or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam such that an increased operating and / or actual installation distance of the smoke detector compared to the test distance and / or the optical measuring distance between transmitter and receiver or transmitter-receiver arrangement and reflector can be simulated; in particular, wherein the operating and / or actual installation distance is increased compared to the test distance and / or the optical measuring distance by at least a factor of 10, preferably at least a factor of 50, and more specifically at least a factor of 80. In particular, the pre-filter is designed and / or can be inserted and / or is inserted into the beam path such that the smoke detector can be operated without alarms and / or malfunctions when the pre-filter is inserted into the beam path, and / or an alarm and / or malfunction signal is suppressed and / or not triggered.

[0101] Therefore, pre-filtering provides additional attenuation beyond that achieved by the test filter(s). The pre-filter(s) is / are preferably not calibrated, unlike the test filters. The pre-filter(s) can be inserted manually. However, automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of the pre-filter(s) is also possible.

[0102] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous if a test filter provision (test filter set), comprising a plurality of test filters, selected in particular from the group of absorption filters, is provided for the selective filter insertion of at least one test filter and / or a plurality of test filters from the filter provision with the positioning device into the beam path of the optical beam, further in particular wherein the absorption filters are selected from the group of absorption filters, i) with a transmission in the range of 95.0% to 99.5%, in particular 99.0% to 99.5%, and an attenuation value of 0.01 dB to 0.03 dB, preferably 0.02 dB to 0.025 dB; and / or ii) with a transmission in the range of 90.0% to 95.0%, in particular 90.0% to 92.0%, and an attenuation of 0.3 dB to 0.4 dB, preferably 0.35 dB to 0.4 dB; and / or iii) with a transmission in the range of 85.0% to 90.0%, in particular 88.0% to 90.0%, and an attenuation of 0.45 dB to 0.5 dB, preferably 0.47 dB to 0.5 dB; and / or iv) with a transmission in the range of 86.0% to 90.0%, in particular 88.0% to 89.0%, and an attenuation of 0.5 dB to 0.7 dB, preferably 0.5 dB to 0.6 dB; and / or v) with a transmission in the range of 80.0% to 86.0%, in particular 85.0% to 86.0%, and an attenuation of 0.5 dB to 0.7 dB, preferably 0.6 dB to 0.7 dB; and / or vi) with a transmission in the range of 70.0% to 80.0%, in particular 75.0% to 80.0%, and an attenuation of 1.0 dB to 1.2 dB, preferably 1.1 dB to 1.2 dB; and / or vii) with a transmission in the range of 50.0% to 60.0%, in particular 55.0% to 60.0%, and an attenuation of 2.0 dB to 3.0 dB, preferably 2.0 dB to 2.5 dB; and / or viii) with a transmission in the range of 40.0% to 50.0%, in particular 40.0% to 45.0%, and an attenuation of 3.0 dB to 4.0 dB, preferably 3.5 dB to 4.0 dB; and / or ix) with a transmission in the range of 20.0% to 30.0%, in particular 20.0% to 25.0%, and an attenuation value of 6.0 dB to 7.0 dB, preferably 6.0 dB to 6.5 dB, as well as any combination of the above absorption filters i) to ix), in particular wherein the transmission and / or attenuation values ​​are available for a wavelength in the range of 500 nm to 1100 nm, preferably 550 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 650 nm to 950 nm, and most preferably at a wavelength of 880 nm.

[0103] In this context, it has proven particularly advantageous within the scope of the present invention if a test filter provision (test filter set), comprising a plurality of test filters and / or test filter combinations or combinations of test filters, can be provided in such a way that test filters and / or test filter combinations with stepwise increasing attenuation values ​​can be selected and, in particular, can be introduced into the beam path stepwise and successively with the positioning device, especially wherein a stepwise increase in attenuation values ​​of the test filters and / or test filter combinations of a maximum of 0.1 dB takes place, preferably in the case that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of less than 1.0 dB.

[0104] The stepwise insertion of the test filter with the limited increase, especially depending on the attenuation value of the filter, represents a standard-compliant test condition and is explicitly specified in DIN EN 54-12:2015-10 (Annex A, Section A.1, page 40 of DIN EN 54-12).

[0105] Regarding the provision of a test filter set or test filter arrangement, it has proven advantageous if a test filter provision (test filter set), comprising a plurality of test filters, can be provided in such a way that test filters and / or test filter combinations can be selected and introduced into the beam path with the positioning device, which i) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.1 dB, in the event that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of less than 1.0 dB; and / or ii) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.2 dB, in the event that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 1.0 dB to less than 2.0 dB; and / or iii) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.3 dB, in the event that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 2.0 dB to less than 4.0 dB; and / or iv) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.4 dB, in the event that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 4.0 dB to 6.0 dB; and / or v) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 1.0 dB, in the event that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of more than 6.0 dB, in particular i) wherein the test filters and / or test filter combinations are selectable such that, in case i), test filters and / or test filter combinations with different attenuation values ​​are selectable, wherein adjacent and / or, in particular, successively stepwise and / or adjustable attenuation values ​​of the respective test filters and / or test filter combinations differ by a maximum of 0.1 dB; and / or ii) wherein the test filters and / or test filter combinations are selectable such that, in case ii), test filters and / or test filter combinations with different attenuation values ​​are selectable, wherein adjacent and / or, in particular, successively stepwise and / or adjustable attenuation values ​​of the respective test filters and / or test filter combinations differ by a maximum of 0.2 dB; and / or iii) wherein the test filters and / or test filter combinations are selectable such that, in case iii), test filters and / or test filter combinations with different attenuation values ​​are selectable, wherein adjacent and / or, in particular, successively stepwise and / or adjustable attenuation values ​​of the respective test filters and / or test filter combinations differ by a maximum of 0.3 dB; and / or iv) wherein the test filters and / or test filter combinations are selectable such that, in case iv), test filters and / or test filter combinations with different attenuation values ​​are selectable, wherein adjacent and / or, in particular, successively stepwise and / or adjustable attenuation values ​​of the respective test filters and / or test filter combinations differ by a maximum of 0.4 dB; and / or v) wherein the test filters and / or test filter combinations are selectable such that, in case v), test filters and / or test filter combinations, in particular test filters and / or test filter combinations, with different attenuation values ​​are selectable, wherein adjacent and / or in particular successively stepwise and / or adjustable attenuation values ​​of the respective test filters and / or test filter combinations differ by a maximum of 1.0 dB.

[0106] In general, it is preferred if an identical test filter provision (test filter set) is provided for functional testing, independent of the wavelength and / or wavelength range of the optical beam, for a wavelength and / or wavelength range of the optical beam between 500 nm and 1100 nm, preferably 500 nm and 1000 nm, preferably 650 nm and 950 nm, in particular wherein the wavelength and / or wavelength range is determined by the smoke detector to be tested.

[0107] It is intended that at least one, and in particular every, test filter has the same transmission properties or damping properties across the entire filter area.

[0108] The required calibration accuracy is preferably achieved by selecting a plurality of, in particular five, measuring points along the filter surface of the test filter. Within the framework of a suitable calibration procedure, it is verified that a defined deviation in optical density between the measuring points is not exceeded. In this way, the test accuracy and reproducibility are further increased or ensured.

[0109] As regards the test filter(s), it is preferably provided that at least one test filter, in particular each test filter, is non-reflective and / or designed as an optical attenuation filter, in particular to reduce the transmission of an optical beam and / or does not have any reflection that impairs the functional test.

[0110] In general, it may be provided that the smoke detector test stand, at least in the area of ​​the optical measuring path and / or between the test specimen holders, is open on the top and / or freely accessible on the top.

[0111] In accordance with the standard, the invention preferably provides that the smoke detector test stand has at least seven, preferably at least eight, in particular at least nine, test filters and / or test filter holders, in particular wherein the test filters and / or test filter holders can be inserted and / or removed from the beam path in a linear sequence.

[0112] It has also proven advantageous to provide a plurality of smoke detectors, particularly with regard to their construction and / or alignment, that are of the same type and / or have the same response behavior, especially for carrying out a plurality of, preferably at least five, in particular at least six, preferably at least seven, functional tests.

[0113] In accordance with standards, it is particularly preferred if a plurality of functional tests (repeat tests) can be carried out on at least one smoke detector, in particular at least two, preferably at least three functional tests (repeat tests).

[0114] A further object of the present invention – according to a second aspect of the present invention – is the use of a smoke detector test bench as described above according to the present invention for carrying out a method for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing according to the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating the attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam, in particular for determining the response value (trigger limit), in particular with a smoke detector test bench in the form of an optical bench, preferably with a smoke detector test bench, in particular wherein the smoke detector to be tested responds to attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam and has at least one transmitter,comprising at least one receiver and optionally at least one reflector or at least one transmitter-receiver arrangement and at least one reflector, wherein the following process steps are carried out, in particular in the (temporal) sequence of process steps A) to D) specified below. A) Provision of a transmitter and a receiver or a transmitter-receiver arrangement and a reflector of a smoke detector to be tested, B) Formation of an optical, in particular linear, optical measuring path between the transmitter and the receiver or the transmitter-receiver arrangement and the reflector, forming a beam path of an optical beam emanating from the transmitter or the transmitter-receiver arrangement, C) in particular selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion of one or more test filters from a plurality of test filters into the beam path to generate attenuation and / or a change in attenuation of the optical beam, in particular wherein the test filters are in calibrated form with respect to their transmission and / or attenuation properties and / or in particular wherein the test filters have at least substantially homogeneous transmission and / or attenuation properties over the entire test filter area, D) Measurement and / or determination of the attenuation and / or the change in attenuation of the optical beam by detecting a plurality of different and / or distinct test filters, in particular test filter arrangements and / or test filter combinations, introduced successively into the beam path, particularly at the receiver or at the transmitter-receiver arrangement, in particular wherein the test filters and / or test filter arrangements and / or test filter combinations are introduced successively into the beam path with increasing attenuation and / or change in attenuation, in particular until an alarm signal of the smoke detector is triggered, preferably until a response value (trigger threshold) for generating an alarm signal of the smoke detector is reached, preferably with the assignment of an attenuation value specific to the smoke detector for generating the alarm signal of the smoke detector.

[0115] Regarding further details, embodiments, configurations, advantages and special features of the subject matter of the present invention according to the second aspect of the present invention, reference may also be made to the above and subsequent explanations concerning the first and further aspects of the invention, which apply accordingly to this aspect of the invention, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0116] It is advantageous if several test filters are placed in the beam path in such a way that the test filters are arranged in the beam path at different distances to the transmitter and / or receiver or to the transmitter-receiver arrangement and / or to the reflector, and / or that the test filters are arranged in a linear arrangement in the direction of the optical beam.

[0117] It is particularly preferred if at least one test filter or several test filters or test filter combinations are introduced into the beam path of the optical beam by motor and / or automatically.

[0118] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that at least one test filter or several test filters, in particular all or each test filter, are non-reflective and / or designed as an optical attenuation filter and / or do not have any reflection that impairs the functional test and / or are designed to reduce the transmission of an optical beam.

[0119] With regard to a particularly preferred method, it has proven advantageous if at least two test filters are introduced into the beam path of the optical beam and / or removed from the beam path independently of one another, in particular by motor.

[0120] In this context, it is particularly preferred according to the invention that at least two test filter holders for the simultaneous insertion of a plurality of test filters into the beam path of the optical beam can be positioned or inserted into the beam path together, in particular synchronously, automatically and / or selectively.

[0121] According to a particularly preferred method, it is provided that at least one test filter, preferably a plurality of test filters, remains in the beam path for a predetermined period of time, preferably at least 30 s, after being inserted into the beam path, and / or is removed from the beam path, preferably completely, preferably automatically, after the period of time has elapsed; and / or wherein the insertion of the test filter and / or the plurality of test filters takes place in a predetermined insertion period, in particular wherein the insertion period is a maximum of 2 s, in particular a maximum of 1 s.

[0122] Regarding the provision of filters, it is particularly preferred that at least one test filter, preferably a plurality of test filters, in particular absorption filters, be provided. i) with a transmission in the range of 95.0% to 99.5%, in particular 99.0% to 99.5%, and an attenuation value of 0.01 dB to 0.03 dB, preferably 0.01 dB to 0.02 dB; and / or ii) with a transmission in the range of 90.0% to 95.0%, in particular 90.0% to 92.0%, and an attenuation of 0.3 dB to 0.4 dB, preferably 0.35 dB to 0.4 dB; and / or iii) with a transmission in the range of 85.0% to 90.0%, in particular 88.0% to 90.0%, and an attenuation of 0.45 dB to 0.5 dB, preferably 0.47 dB to 0.5 dB; and / or iv) with a transmission in the range of 86.0% to 90.0%, in particular 88.0% to 89.0%, and an attenuation of 0.5 dB to 0.7 dB, preferably 0.5 dB to 0.6 dB; and / or v) with a transmission in the range of 80.0% to 86.0%, in particular 85.0% to 86.0%, and an attenuation of 0.5 dB to 0.7 dB, preferably 0.6 dB to 0.7 dB; and / or vi) with a transmission in the range of 70.0% to 80.0%, in particular 75.0% to 80.0%, and an attenuation of 1.0 dB to 1.2 dB, preferably 1.1 dB to 1.2 dB; and / or vii) with a transmission in the range of 50.0% to 60.0%, in particular 58.0% to 60.0%, and an attenuation of 2.0 dB to 3.0 dB, preferably 2.0 dB to 2.5 dB; and / or viii) with a transmission in the range of 40.0% to 50.0%, in particular 40.0% to 45.0%, and an attenuation of 3.0 dB to 4.0 dB, preferably 3.5 dB to 4.0 dB; and / or ix) with a transmission in the range of 20.0% to 30.0%, in particular 20.0% to 25.0%, and an attenuation value of 6.0 dB to 7.0 dB, preferably 6.0 dB to 6.5 dB, as well as any combination of the above absorption filters i) to ix), in particular wherein the transmission and / or attenuation values ​​are available for a wavelength in the range of 500 nm to 1100 nm, preferably 550 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 650 nm to 950 nm, particularly preferably 600 nm to 700 nm.

[0123] In this context, it is particularly preferred if test filters and / or test filter combinations with stepwise increasing attenuation values ​​are provided and, in particular, are introduced into the beam path stepwise, especially wherein a stepwise increase of attenuation values ​​of the test filters and / or test filter combinations of a maximum of 0.1 dB takes place, preferably in the case that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of less than 1.0 dB.

[0124] Particularly preferred are test filters and / or test filter combinations selected and inserted into the beam path that i) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.1 dB, in the event that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of less than 1.0 dB; and / or ii) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.2 dB, in the event that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 1.0 dB to less than 2.0 dB; and / or iii) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.3 dB, in the event that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 2.0 dB to less than 4.0 dB; and / or iv) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.4 dB, in the event that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 4.0 dB to 6.0 dB; and / or v) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 1.0 dB, in the event that the test filters and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of more than 6.0 dB, in particular (i) wherein the test filters and / or test filter combinations are selected such that, in case (i), at least two test filters and / or test filter combinations placed consecutively in the beam path differ in their attenuation values ​​by a maximum of 0.1 dB, in particular wherein the successively placed test filters and / or test filter combinations are not in the beam path simultaneously; and / or (ii) wherein the test filters and / or test filter combinations can be selected such that, in case (ii), at least two test filters and / or test filter combinations inserted consecutively into the beam path differ in their attenuation values ​​by a maximum of 0.2 dB, in particular wherein the successively inserted test filters and / or test filter combinations are not in the beam path simultaneously; and / or iii) wherein the test filters and / or test filter combinations can be selected such that, in case iii), at least two test filters and / or test filter combinations inserted consecutively into the beam path differ in their attenuation values ​​by a maximum of 0.3 dB, in particular wherein the successively inserted test filters and / or test filter combinations are not in the beam path simultaneously; and / or iv) wherein the test filters and / or test filter combinations can be selected such that, in case iv), at least two test filters and / or test filter combinations inserted consecutively into the beam path differ in their attenuation values ​​by a maximum of 0.4 dB, in particular wherein the successively inserted test filters and / or test filter combinations are not in the beam path simultaneously; and / or v) wherein the test filters and / or test filter combinations can be selected such that, in case v), at least two test filters and / or test filter combinations placed consecutively in the beam path differ in their attenuation values ​​by a maximum of 1.0 dB, in particular wherein the successively placed test filters and / or test filter combinations are not in the beam path simultaneously.

[0125] In general, a functional test can be carried out with at least one test filter or a combination of a plurality of test filters from the filter supply, preferably wherein a functional test is carried out independently of the wavelength and / or the wavelength range of the optical beam for a wavelength and / or a wavelength range of the optical beam between 500 nm to 1100 nm, preferably 500 to 1000 nm, preferably 650 to 950 nm with at least one test filter or a combination of a plurality of test filters from the same filter supply, in particular wherein the wavelength and / or the wavelength range is determined and / or specified by the smoke detector to be tested.

[0126] With regard to the general test conditions within the scope of the functional test, it has proven advantageous if the smoke detector is exposed to an ambient and / or test temperature of less than 0 °C, preferably less than -5 °C, particularly preferably less than -10 °C, before and / or during the functional test, in particular wherein the smoke detector is exposed to the ambient and / or test temperature for a period of at least 10 hours, preferably at least 12 hours, particularly preferably at least 16 hours.

[0127] Alternatively or additionally, it may also be provided that the smoke detector is exposed to an ambient and / or test temperature of at least 40 °C, preferably at least 45 °C, particularly preferably at least 50 °C, before and / or during the functional test, in particular wherein the smoke detector is exposed to the ambient and / or test temperature for a period of at least 10 hours, preferably at least 12 hours, particularly preferably at least 16 hours.

[0128] Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the smoke detector is exposed to a relative humidity of at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, in particular at least 90%, before and / or during the functional test, in particular wherein the smoke detector is exposed to the relative humidity for a period of at least 1 day, preferably at least 4 days, particularly preferably at least 10 days.

[0129] It has further proven advantageous if, for greater attenuation or attenuation change of the optical beam, at least one pre-filter or a plurality of pre-filters are introduced into the optical beam before the measuring section formed by the test filters and / or the test filter combination, preferably wherein the introduction is not automated (manual) and / or wherein the pre-filter(s) are not calibrated, in particular wherein the pre-filter preferably remains in the beam path for the entire functional test.

[0130] Particularly preferred in this context is a pre-filter designed to generate attenuation or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam in such a way as to simulate an increased operating and / or installation distance compared to the test distance and / or the optical measuring distance between transmitter and receiver or transmitter-receiver arrangement and reflector; in particular, wherein the operating distance is increased compared to the test distance by at least a factor of 10, preferably at least a factor of 50, and in particular at least a factor of 80; and / or in particular, wherein the pre-filter is designed and / or inserted into the beam path in such a way that the smoke detector operates without alarms and / or malfunctions when the pre-filter is inserted into the beam path, and / or an alarm and / or malfunction signal is suppressed and / or not triggered.

[0131] In general, a number of functional tests can be carried out for a number of smoke detectors that are of the same type and / or design and / or have the same response behavior, particularly with regard to their construction and / or alignment, in particular on the basis of at least five, in particular at least six, preferably at least seven functional tests.

[0132] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous to carry out a number of functional tests (repeat tests) on at least one smoke detector, in particular at least two, preferably at least three functional tests (repeat tests).

[0133] Regarding further details, embodiments, configurations, advantages and special features of the subject matter of the present invention according to the second aspect of the present invention, reference can also be made to the above and subsequent explanations concerning the first aspect of the invention, which apply accordingly to the second aspect of the invention, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0134] A further object of the present invention - also according to a second aspect of the present invention - is a use according to the invention of a smoke detector test bench of the type according to the invention for the functional testing of a smoke detector in particular in accordance with standards and / or standardised, in particular for conformity testing according to requirements according to and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for the functional testing of a linear smoke detector according to the transmitted light principle by evaluating attenuation or attenuation change of an optical beam (2), in particular the response value.

[0135] Regarding further details, embodiments, configurations, advantages and special features of the subject matter of the present invention according to the third aspect of the present invention, reference may also be made to the above and subsequent explanations concerning the first and further aspects of the invention, which apply accordingly to this aspect of the invention, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0136] Finally, a further object of the present invention – according to a third aspect of the present invention – is the inventive use of a plurality of different and / or distinct test filters and / or test filter arrangements and / or test filter combinations introduced, in particular selectively and / or preferably automatically and / or motorized, into a beam path of an optical beam emanating from a transmitter or a transmitter-receiver device of a smoke detector to be tested, for generating an attenuation and / or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam, for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in a manner that is in compliance with standards and / or in accordance with standards.especially for functional testing by evaluating the attenuation or attenuation change of an optical beam, particularly for determining the response value (trigger limit).

[0137] Regarding further details, embodiments and configurations, advantages and special features of the subject matter of the present invention according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, reference may also be made to the above and subsequent explanations concerning the first and further aspects of the invention, which apply accordingly to the fourth aspect of the invention, in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0138] It may be advantageous to arrange the test filters linearly in succession in the direction of the optical beam in the beam path.

[0139] It is particularly preferred if test filters and / or test filter combinations with, in particular, successively increasing attenuation values ​​are introduced into the beam path.

[0140] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the test filters and / or test filter combinations are introduced into the beam path successively, preferably with stepwise increasing attenuation values, in particular until an alarm signal of the smoke detector is triggered, preferably until a response value (trigger limit value) for generating an alarm signal of the smoke detector is reached, preferably with the assignment of an attenuation value specific to the smoke detector for generating the alarm signal of the smoke detector.

[0141] In particular, within the scope of the present invention, the response value (trigger threshold) can be determined by the value of the required test filter that causes the greatest attenuation, with which an alarm is preferably reached within 30 s after being introduced into the beam path.

[0142] For further details on the response value, please refer to the above explanations.

[0143] The present invention is described below with reference to preferred embodiments and illustrative drawings and figures, the descriptions of which apply to all aspects of the invention and in which the corresponding preferred embodiments and configurations of the present invention are in no way limiting; further advantages, properties, aspects and features of the present invention are also shown in the description of the figures.

[0144] The depictions of figures show: Fig. 1 a schematic side view of a smoke detector test stand (test device) according to the invention with a first test specimen holder and a second test specimen holder arranged opposite the first test specimen holder, wherein an optical measuring path is formed between the first test specimen holder and the second test specimen holder, and a corresponding positioning device for the particularly selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized filter insertion and / or filter removal of at least one test filter from a plurality of provided test filters; Fig. 2 a schematic top view of the in Fig.1 smoke detector test stand (test device) shown with a plurality of test filters which can be inserted into the optical beam or beam path of the optical beam in a particularly selective and / or automated and / or motorized manner by means of the positioning device, as well as a pre-filter device with a plurality of pre-filters provided decoupled from the test filters; Fig. 3 a schematic perspective side view of the smoke detector test stand (test device) according to the invention with a pre-filter inserted into the optical beam by means of the positioning device, which is selected from a plurality of provided pre-test filters and is automatically and / or motor-drivenly inserted into the optical beam by means of the positioning device; Fig. 4 another schematic perspective side view of the in Fig.Figure 3 shows the smoke detector test stand (test device) according to the invention, with a corresponding illustration of a test filter inserted into the optical beam and a pre-filter device with a plurality of pre-filters.

[0145] In Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a smoke detector test bench 1 or a test device according to the invention.

[0146] The smoke detector test bench 1 according to the invention is preferably designed for the standard-compliant and / or standardized functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam 2.

[0147] The smoke detector to be tested responds to attenuation and / or changes in attenuation of the optical beam 2 and has at least one transmitter 3 for emitting the optical beam 2 and at least one receiver 4 for receiving the optical beam 2.

[0148] In an alternative embodiment, the smoke detector to be tested can also have a transmitter-receiver arrangement 6 and at least one reflector 5. In this case, the optical beam 2 emitted by the transmitter-receiver arrangement 6 is reflected at an opposite side of the smoke detector test stand 1 via the reflector 5 and is again detected or received by a receiver of the transmitter-receiver arrangement 6.

[0149] The smoke detector test bench 1 according to the invention has: - a first test specimen holder 7 for holding and / or receiving a receiver 4 or a transmitter-receiver arrangement 6 of a smoke detector to be tested and - a second test specimen holder 8, in particular arranged opposite the first test specimen holder, for holding and / or receiving a transmitter 3 or a reflector 5 of the smoke detector.

[0150] An optical, in particular linear, measuring section M is formed between the first test specimen holder 7 and the second test specimen holder 8, preferably wherein the first test specimen holder 7 and the second test specimen holder 8 are arranged and / or are to be arranged such that in the operating and / or test state of the smoke detector test stand 1, the receiver 4 or the transmitter-receiver arrangement 6 of the smoke detector to be tested, held and / or received by the first test specimen holder 7, on the one hand, and the transmitter 3 or reflector 5, held and / or received by the second test specimen holder 8, on the other hand, are positioned and / or aligned at least substantially at the same height and / or (horizontally) aligned.

[0151] Smoke detector test bench 1 also features - a positioning device 9 for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of several test filters 10 from a plurality of test filters 10 provided and / or make available, in particular with the positioning device 9, into the beam path and / or out of the beam path of an optical beam 2 emanating from the transmitter 3 or the transmitter-receiver arrangement 6 and optionally reflected by a reflector 5, in order to generate an attenuation or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam 2, in particular wherein the positioning device 9 is designed • for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of a plurality of test filters 10, in particular both a single test filter 10 and a plurality of test filters 10, into or out of the beam path, wherein several test filters 10 inserted into the beam path have different distances to the first test specimen holder 7 and / or to the second test specimen holder 8, preferably different distances to the first test specimen holder 7 and to the second test specimen holder 8, and / or • for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of several test filters 10 from a plurality of test filters 10 into the beam path and / or out of the beam path, wherein the test filters 10 inserted into the beam path are arranged linearly one after the other in the beam path in the direction of the optical beam 2; in particular wherein the positioning device 9 has a plurality of test filter holders 11 arranged linearly in the direction of the optical beam 2, wherein each test filter holder 11 is designed to hold and insert and / or remove at least one, preferably only one, test filter 10 into or from the beam path and / or wherein each test filter holder 11 can be positioned independently of the other test filter holder(s) 11 within the beam path and / or wherein the test filter holders have a different distance to at least one test specimen holder 7, 8, in particular to both test specimen holders 7, 8, and / or in particular wherein the positioning device 9 is designed for the independent insertion and / or removal of several test filters 10 from a plurality of test filters 10 into or out of the beam path, preferably wherein each test filter 10 can always be inserted into the optical beam 2 at a test filter-specific position specified for the respective test filter 10 with a test filter-specific distance to at least one test specimen holder 7, 8, in particular to both test specimen holders 7, 8, preferably to the transmitter 3 or the transmitter-receiver arrangement 6 or to the receiver 4.

[0152] According to the invention, the positioning device 9 has a plurality of test filter holders 11 for inserting and, in particular, removing at least one or a plurality of test filters 10 into the beam path of the optical beam 2.

[0153] In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, a test filter 10 is selectively selected and is introduced or can be introduced into the beam path of the optical beam 2.

[0154] Furthermore, the smoke detector test stand according to the invention has at least one drive unit 12 with at least one, in particular motorized, drive for adjusting and / or moving the test filter holder 11 relative to the beam path of the optical beam 2 or relative to the test specimen holder 7, 8. In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, each test filter holder 11 is assigned its own drive unit 12.

[0155] As demonstrated in particular by Fig. As can be seen in Figure 3, the smoke detector test bench 1 according to the invention has a pre-filter device 13 with at least one pre-filter holder 14 for filter insertion and, in particular, filter removal of at least one pre-filter 15.

[0156] In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the pre-filter holder 14 is designed to hold a plurality of pre-filters 15, in particular wherein the pre-filter device 13 or the pre-filters are positioned upstream in the direction of the optical beam 2 of the positioning device 9 or the test filters 10, in particular in the direction of or with respect to the transmitter 3 or the reflector 5.

[0157] The optical measuring path M is formed between the transmitter 3 and the receiver 4 or between the reflector 5 and the transmitter-receiver arrangement 6.

[0158] As particularly evident from the Fig. 3 and Fig. As can be seen in Figure 4, the smoke detector test stand 1 according to the invention has a chassis 16 that is in particular movable, in particular wherein the chassis 16 has a plurality of, in particular four, rollers 17.

[0159] In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the smoke detector test bench 1 is designed as an optical bench. The drive units 12 are particularly preferably mounted and / or supported in the chassis 16.

[0160] In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the smoke detector test stand 1 has at least 2 opposing support rails 18, 19, in particular wherein the support rails 18, 19 are supported on the chassis.

[0161] The test specimen holders 7, 8 can be adjusted relative to each other by means of the support rails 18, 19, in particular in the direction of the optical beam 2.

[0162] Overall, the present invention provides an efficient concept for a functional test of a smoke detector that is in particular compliant with standards and / or standardized, wherein the concept according to the invention particularly comprises a smoke detector test bench 1 (test device) for the functional test of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in a manner that is in particular compliant with standards and / or standardized, and its use or application in this regard as well as a corresponding smoke detector test method.

[0163] Further embodiments, modifications, variations, special features and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent and achievable for the person skilled in the art when reading the description, without the person skilled in the art having to leave the scope of the present invention.

[0164] The present invention is further illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments, which, however, are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. EXAMPLES OF EXECUTION: 1. Calibration of the test filters

[0165] To calibrate the various test filters, the optical density or attenuation value for different wavelengths is determined by measurement for each test filter.

[0166] The following describes the measurement procedure for a (first) test filter. Corresponding measurements are performed for all test filters.

[0167] The measurement is performed by comparison in the identical beam path of a monochromatic light source at a specific wavelength.

[0168] Preferably, the spectral half-width of the monochromator is 2.4 nm and the test filter is irradiated by the illumination beam with a diameter of approximately 4 mm and a divergence of 1.4° to 1.8° (half angle) perpendicular to the surface.

[0169] The measurement takes place under standardized conditions, for example at an ambient temperature of (24 ± 1) °C and a relative humidity of (37 ± 5) %.

[0170] The light intensity I0 of the light source without a test filter in the beam path and the light intensity I with a test filter in the beam path are measured. From this, the transmission T (also transmittance T) and the attenuation D (also optical density D) are calculated according to the following formulas: T=I / I0. D=10 log10(Io / I)=10 log10(1 / T).

[0171] The transmittance T is dimensionless and can take values ​​between 0 (no light is transmitted) and 1 (complete transmission). If necessary, the transmittance T can also be expressed as a percentage and take values ​​between 0% and 100%.

[0172] The attenuation value D has the unit decibel (dB). The higher the attenuation value D, the less light is transmitted through the test filter.

[0173] The test filter is irradiated sequentially at several different points, for example five measuring points, on its test filter surface, and the transmission or attenuation value is determined for each measuring point. Preferably, the measuring points are evenly distributed over the test filter surface and / or are equidistant from each other.

[0174] The average of the attenuation values ​​determined for the various measuring points is calculated and set as the (averaged) attenuation value for the test filter and the specified wavelength.

[0175] The same measurement is then carried out for other specific wavelengths, in particular using a different monochromatic light source, preferably under the same measurement conditions and / or with identical measurement points.

[0176] Preferably, the measurement is performed for more than three wavelengths, for example, for six. The measurement is preferably performed for wavelengths in the visible and / or infrared range.

[0177] The following table summarizes sample measurement results for a test filter (values ​​for D in dB): wavelength 635 nm 650 nm 780 nm 870 nm 875 nm 950 nm D (Measuring point 1) 0,150 0,169 0,354 0,465 0,471 0,521 D (Measuring point 2) 0,155 0,173 0,358 0,467 0,473 0,522 D (Measuring point 3) 0,151 0,169 0,357 0,467 0,473 0,523 D (Measuring point 4) 0,153 0,172 0,356 0,466 0,472 0,520 D (Measuring point 5) 0,165 0,183 0,362 0,469 0,474 0,523 mean 0,155 0,173 0,357 0,467 0,473 0,522

[0178] The measurement is performed for each test filter to be used in the smoke detector test bench and / or in the test procedure. A corresponding table is generated for each test filter. In the exemplary embodiment, nine test filters are used. 2. Testing of smoke detectors using the smoke detector test bench according to the invention or according to the test method applied according to the invention.

[0179] The following describes, by way of example, the testing of smoke detectors using the smoke detector test bench according to the invention or according to the test method applied according to the invention. The testing is preferably carried out in a standardized manner or in accordance with standards, in particular according to DIN EN 54-12:2015. 2.1 Subject of the test

[0180] The object being tested is a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle.

[0181] Seven identical smoke detectors are used for testing. The smoke detectors (test subjects) must be considered representative of the manufacturer's standard production in terms of design and calibration.

[0182] The smoke detectors contain both their transmitter and receiver within their housing. They are therefore smoke detectors with an (integrated) transmitter-receiver assembly, which also feature a reflector.

[0183] The smoke detectors operate at an (optical) wavelength of 880 nm (near-infrared). The transmitter therefore emits a monochromatic light beam with a wavelength of 880 nm.

[0184] Smoke penetrating the thin core light beam attenuates it proportionally to the smoke density. This attenuation is analyzed in the detector and may trigger an alarm or fault message.

[0185] The alarm thresholds (response values) can be selected to adapt to environmental conditions, ranging from 25% (sensitive) to 35% to 50% (insensitive). If the received signal falls below the selected value continuously for a minimum of 10 seconds, the smoke detector should trigger an alarm.

[0186] The smoke detector monitors the slow decrease and increase of the infrared signal due to dirt in the optics or aging of components.

[0187] The received signal is compared to a reference every 15 minutes, and changes of more than 0.7dB per hour are automatically compensated.

[0188] The smoke detectors are designed for a range of 50 m to 100 m.

[0189] The smoke detectors can be operated with a direct current (DC) voltage of 10.2 V to 30 V and have a standby current consumption of less than 4 mA. In case of alarm or malfunction, the current consumption is less than 15 mA.

[0190] The smoke detectors are designed for an operating temperature of -10 °C to 55 °C. The relative humidity can be up to 93%.

[0191] At the highest sensitivity (25%), the tolerance of the axis deviation (misalignment of the beam) can be ±0.4° for the transmitter-receiver arrangement and ±5.0° for the reflector.

[0192] The transmitter-receiver assembly has a maximum width of 130 mm, a maximum height of 210 mm, and a maximum depth of 120 mm. Each smoke detector weighs 0.77 kg.

[0193] The smoke detectors meet the IP50 protection class.

[0194] All the above information is only exemplary for the smoke detectors tested in the exemplary embodiment. The smoke detector test bench according to the invention, as well as the test method applied according to the invention, can of course also be used or carried out with other smoke detectors, for example with smoke detectors that have a separate transmitter and receiver (without the use of a reflector) or with smoke detectors with different operating characteristics, in particular with different ranges and / or different wavelengths. 2.2 Test setup

[0195] For the test, a smoke detector test bench according to the invention is used. The smoke detector test bench is as shown in the figures according to the figures. Fig. Figures 1 to 4 show and are described above. The smoke detector test bench forms an optical bench.

[0196] The transmitter-receiver assembly to be tested is placed in the first test holder. During the test, the smoke detector in the first test holder can be exchanged, depending on which of the seven smoke detectors is being tested.

[0197] A reflector is inserted or positioned in the second specimen holder. The reflector can remain in the second specimen holder for the entire duration of the test.

[0198] A (linear) optical measuring path is therefore formed between the first test specimen holder or transmitter-receiver arrangement and the second test specimen holder or reflector. The distance between the test specimen holders or between the transmitter-receiver arrangement and the reflector is 1.5 m.

[0199] The transmitter-receiver arrangement and the reflector are positioned at least essentially at the same height and / or aligned (horizontally).

[0200] Test filters, in particular the calibrated test filters as described above, are inserted into the test filter holders of the positioning device. One test filter is inserted into each test filter holder. The test filters are aligned precisely so that no reflection occurs.

[0201] Since the smoke detector is designed for a range of 50 m to 100 m, but the distance between the transmitter-receiver arrangement and the reflector is only 1.5 m, pre-filters must be incorporated into the pre-filter device.

[0202] The pre-filters attenuate the light beam so that – regardless of the minimum range of the smoke detector under real-world conditions (here 50 m) and the maximum range (here 100 m) – the signal is weakened under test conditions to prevent triggering an alarm or fault. Preferably, the pre-filters are not calibrated. The pre-filters remain in the beam path throughout the entire test.

[0203] The insertion and / or placement of the pre-filters can be carried out, for example, by inserting or placing pre-filters and / or replacing them with darker pre-filters until the smoke detector signals operational readiness and / or does not report any fault. 2.3 Filter calculation

[0204] For each of the nine (calibrated) test filters, it is checked whether a measured (averaged) attenuation value exists for the wavelength used by the smoke detector. If so, these attenuation values ​​are assigned to the test filters. Otherwise, the attenuation values ​​for the wavelength used by the smoke detector are calculated from the known attenuation values, for example by (linear or polynomial) interpolation and / or extrapolation.

[0205] In the exemplary embodiment, the attenuation values ​​for the wavelengths 635 nm, 650 nm, 780 nm, 870 nm, 875 nm and 950 nm were determined by measurement.

[0206] The wavelength used by the smoke detector is 880 nm, for which no measured values ​​are available. Therefore, the attenuation value for each test filter at 880 nm is calculated or determined from the known attenuation values ​​for 635 nm, 650 nm, 780 nm, 870 nm, 875 nm, and 950 nm, in particular by (linear or polynomial) interpolation. The following table is an example: Test filter no. T at 880 nm (calculated) D at 880 nm (calculated) 1 99,49 % 0.022 dB 2 91,85 % 0.369 dB 3 89,71 % 0.472 dB 4 88,69 % 0.521 dB 5 85,79 % 0.666 dB 6 77,28 % 1,119 dB 7 58,64 % 2,318 dB 8 44,66 % 3,501 dB 9 23,29 % 6,328 dB

[0207] From the transmission values ​​T and attenuation values ​​D for the test filters, the transmission values ​​T and attenuation values ​​D for test filter combinations are (subsequently) determined.

[0208] The transmission for a test filter combination is the product of the transmissions of the (individual) test filters in the test filter combination.

[0209] For example, the combination of test filters with Nos. 2, 3 and 4 results from the table above: T(2,3,4)=T(2)∗T(3)∗T(4)=0.9185∗0.8971∗0.8869=73.08%.

[0210] The attenuation value for a test filter combination is the sum of the attenuation values ​​of the (individual) test filters in the test filter combination.

[0211] For example, the combination of test filters with Nos. 2, 3 and 4 results from the table above: D(2,3,4)=D(2)+D(3)+D(4)=(0.369+0.472+0.521)dB=1.362 dB.

[0212] Preferably, the test filters and test filter combinations are ordered in ascending or descending order according to their transmission or attenuation value. In the example above, the test filter combination consisting of test filters No. 2, 3, and 4 with 1.362 dB would therefore be placed in the table or test sequence between test filter No. 6 (1.119 dB) and test filter No. 7 (2.318 dB).

[0213] The total number N of possible test filter combinations for a number n of test filters (including the n test filters themselves) is calculated according to the formula N=2n−1.

[0214] If one includes the case where there is no test filter in the beam path, the result is N = 2. n .

[0215] With nine test filters, this results in a total number N of 511 combinations (9 test filters plus 502 test filter combinations with two or more test filters) or 512 combinations if one includes the case where there is no test filter in the beam path (T = 100 %; D = 0 dB).

[0216] The maximum possible attenuation (minimal transmission) is achieved when all test filters are in the beam path, in this example all nine test filters.

[0217] For the transmission coefficients and attenuation values ​​of the embodiment according to the table above at 880 nm, this results in a maximum attenuation value of 15.316 dB (sum of the attenuation values ​​of all nine test filters) and a minimum transmission of 2.94 % (product of the transmission coefficients of all nine test filters) when all nine test filters are in the beam path. 2.4 General Test Conditions

[0218] Unless otherwise specified, the individual tests are carried out under standard climate conditions, in particular under standard climate conditions according to DIN EN 60068-1, for example DIN EN 60068-1:2015-09. The tests are carried out after the test specimens have acclimatized to the standard climate.

[0219] In particular, the temperature should be between 15 °C and 35 °C, the relative humidity between 25% and 75%, and the air pressure between 86 kPa and 106 kPa.

[0220] In the exemplary embodiment, the temperature is 23.0 °C, the relative humidity is 29% and the air pressure is 101 kPa, unless special conditions apply (e.g., when testing moisture resistance). 2.5 Preliminary checks

[0221] Before the actual testing using the smoke detector test bench, one or more of the smoke detectors can undergo one or more preliminary tests. These preliminary tests do not include determining response values ​​and / or are carried out without the smoke detector test bench.

[0222] The preliminary tests include visual inspections and, if necessary, further tests, in particular to examine the operational reliability of the smoke detectors, preferably in accordance with section 4.2 of the standard DIN EN 54-12:2015.

[0223] Possible preliminary checks include, in particular: • Presence of an individual alarm indicator, • No interference from auxiliary device connections, • Modification of manufacturer calibrations only through special means, • Access for setting the response value on site, • Protection against the ingress of foreign objects, • Monitoring system for detachable detectors and connections, • Meeting the requirements for software-controlled smoke detectors.

[0224] Depending on the smoke detector, not all preliminary tests need to be carried out to comply with the standard DIN EN 54-12:2015.

[0225] In the exemplary implementation, the following preliminary tests are carried out: Individual alarm indication: It is verified by visual inspection that the smoke detectors have a built-in red optical indicator, by which the individual smoke detector that has triggered an alarm condition is identified until it is reset.

[0226] Manufacturer's calibrations: Visual inspection verifies that it is not possible to change the manufacturer's detector calibrations except by using a special tool.

[0227] Setting the response value: It is verified by visual inspection that the setting device for adjusting the response value can only be accessed by removing the detector insert from its detection unit.

[0228] Protection against the ingress of foreign objects: Using a sphere with a diameter of 1.3 mm, it is verified that the smoke detector does not enter the encapsulated volume containing the active optoelectronic components during the operational state.

[0229] Monitoring of detachable connections: Engineering assessment verifies that devices for a remote monitoring system are provided to detect breaks or short circuits in these cables and trigger a fault signal.

[0230] The smoke detectors tested have no connections for auxiliary devices and are not software-controlled. Therefore, no preliminary tests in this regard are carried out. 2.6 Examination of sample variation

[0231] The test for sample variation is carried out in accordance with the requirements of section 5.3.1 of DIN EN 54-12:2015-10. The aim of the test is to demonstrate that the sensitivity or response values ​​of the test specimens do not vary unacceptably from one specimen to another.

[0232] All (seven) test subjects are set to the maximum sensitivity (here 25%) and the response value is measured for each test subject.

[0233] The measurement of the response values ​​is carried out in accordance with standards using the smoke detector test bench according to the invention or the method applied according to the invention, in particular in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 5.1.3 of DIN EN 54-12:2015-10.

[0234] To measure / determine the response value of a test object / smoke detector, various test filters or test filter combinations are successively inserted into and removed from the beam path.

[0235] The loading and unloading process is automated or motorized.

[0236] A test filter or combination of test filters remains in the beam path for a specific residence time. After this residence time has elapsed, another test filter or combination of test filters is introduced into the beam path, and any test filters not required for the new combination are removed from the beam path.

[0237] The dwell time for the sample variation test is 30 seconds in each case.

[0238] The test filters and test filter combinations are inserted into and removed from the beam path in a specific test sequence, in particular in ascending order according to attenuation value D or descending order according to transmission T.

[0239] The test sequence is preferably saved or stored and / or is automatically executed using a (computer) program.

[0240] As an example, the following test sequence results for the first 15 filter combinations using the filter calculation carried out above according to section 2.3: test filter combination Transmission T Damping value D 1 99,49 % 0.022 dB 2 91,85 % 0.369 dB 1,2 91,38 % 0.391 dB 3 89,71 % 0.472 dB 1, 3 89,25 % 0.494 dB 4 88,69 % 0.521 dB 1,4 88,24 % 0.543 dB 5 85,79 % 0.666 dB 1,5 85,35 % 0.688 dB 2,3 82,40 % 0.841 dB 1,2,3 81,98 % 0.855 dB 2,4 81,47 % 0.890 dB 1,2,4 81,05 % 0.952 dB 3, 4 79,56 % 0.993 dB 1,3,4 79,16 % 1.016 dB

[0241] First, test filter No. 1 is inserted into the beam path. After 30 seconds, test filter No. 1 is removed from the beam path and test filter No. 2 is inserted. After another 30 seconds, test filter No. 1 is also inserted into the beam path, so that the test filter combination of test filters No. 1 and No. 2 is now in the beam path. After another 30 seconds, both test filters No. 1 and No. 2 are removed from the beam path and test filter No. 3 is inserted, and so on.

[0242] The table above is only a small excerpt. As mentioned in the filter calculation, nine test filters result in a total of 511 test filter combinations.

[0243] The insertion and removal of the test filters (combinations) using the smoke detector test bench according to the invention, in particular using the positioning device, takes place within one second.

[0244] The test is stopped as soon as the device under test / smoke detector triggers an alarm. The test sequence is then not continued.

[0245] The response value C of the device under test / smoke detector is then calculated according to the following formula: C=F⋅nf / nv.

[0246] The response value is given in dB.

[0247] F is the attenuation value D (in dB) of the test filter or test filter combination that triggered the alarm of the device under test / smoke detector. Since the test filters and test filter combinations are introduced into the beam path in ascending order of attenuation value according to the above test procedure, this is the test filter or test filter combination with the lowest attenuation value required to trigger an alarm within 30 seconds of being inserted into the beam path.

[0248] The value n fis the frequency of the optical beam passing through the filter or filter combination, and the value n v This is the frequency with which the optical beam passes through the protected area (the area between the test object and the reflector). These values ​​are the same for all measurements.

[0249] In this embodiment, the arrangement is such that the light beam passes through the test filters both on its way from the transmitter to the reflector and on its way from the reflector to the receiver. Consequently, in this case n f =2 (the test filters are passed twice) and n v =2 (the protected area is traversed twice, from the transmitter to the reflector and again from the reflector to the receiver). Therefore, with this arrangement, C = F.

[0250] Due to the large number of combinations, two adjacent test filter combinations in the test sequence have only slightly different attenuation values. This allows for high resolution and precise determination of the response value.

[0251] Preferably, the difference between two adjacent test filter combinations in the test sequence is less than 0.1 dB, at least in most cases, especially for test filter combinations with higher attenuation values ​​than 1.0 dB.

[0252] The following response values ​​C were determined in the exemplary measurement carried out for the seven test subjects / smoke detectors: Candidate No. Test filter combination, both alarms were triggered Response value C 1 1,2,4 0.952 dB 2 1,2,4 0.952 dB 3 1,2,3 0.855 dB 4 1, 3, 4 1.016 dB 5 1,2,4 0.952 dB 6 1,2,5 1.054 dB 7 1,2,4 0.952 dB

[0253] This results in an average response value C. rep = 0.962 dB. The maximum response value is C max = 1.054 dB and the smallest response value C min = 0.855 dB.

[0254] According to DIN EN 54-12:2015-10, the requirements for sample variation are met if all measured response values ​​are greater than 0.4 dB, the ratio C max : C rep ≤ 1.33 and the ratio C rep : C min ≤ 1.5. All requirements are met in this case (C max : C rep = 1.096; C rep : C min = 1.125). 2.7 Examination of repeatability

[0255] The repeatability test is carried out in accordance with the requirements of section 5.3.2 of DIN EN 54-12:2015-10. The aim of the test is to demonstrate that the device under test / smoke detector exhibits stable behavior with regard to its sensitivity or response value even after several alarm states.

[0256] The smoke detector to be tested is set to maximum sensitivity (here 25%) and the response value is measured three times.

[0257] The response value is measured in accordance with standards using the smoke detector test bench according to the invention or the method applied according to the invention. The measurement is carried out in the same way as described in the previous section 2.6 regarding sample variation, by automatically and / or motorized insertion of various test filter combinations, in ascending order with respect to attenuation values, until the smoke detector triggers.

[0258] The interval between each measurement is at least 15 minutes and at most 1 hour. In the exemplary embodiment, the duration between two measurements was 30 minutes.

[0259] The device under test then remains connected to the power supply without interruption or disturbance for three days, after which a fourth measurement of the response value is carried out as described above.

[0260] In all four measurements, the same response value was obtained in the exemplary embodiment, namely C = 0.952 dB.

[0261] According to DIN EN 54-12:2015-10, the repeatability requirements are met if no alarm or fault signals are emitted during the three days between tests, all measured response values ​​are greater than 0.4 dB, and the ratio C max : C min ≤ 1.6. All requirements are met in this case (C max : C min = 1.0). 2.8 Rapid change in light attenuation

[0262] The test is carried out in accordance with the requirements of section 5.3.4 of DIN EN 54-12:2015-10. The aim of the test is to ensure that the device under test / smoke detector emits an alarm or fault signal within an acceptable time after a sudden, prolonged attenuation of the light beam.

[0263] The test specimen is set to the minimum sensitivity (here 50%) and placed in the test specimen holder of the smoke detector test stand according to the invention.

[0264] First, the test filter combination, corresponding to a response value of 6 dB (± 5% tolerance), is inserted into the beam path. It is important to ensure that the time until maximum light attenuation is reached is no more than 1 second. This was achieved with the smoke detector test bench according to the invention.

[0265] The test filter combination remains in the beam path for 40 seconds. The device under test / smoke detector emitted an alarm signal after only 5 seconds.

[0266] After 40 seconds, the test filter combination is removed from the beam path and the test object / smoke detector is reset so that it stabilizes.

[0267] A test filter combination corresponding to a response value of 10 dB (+3 dB tolerance) is then inserted into the beam path. It is important to ensure that the time until maximum light attenuation is reached is no more than 1 second. This was achieved with the smoke detector test bench according to the invention.

[0268] The test filter combination remains in the beam path for 70 seconds. The device under test / smoke detector emitted an alarm signal after only 5 seconds.

[0269] According to DIN EN 54-12:2015-10, the test specimen / smoke detector must emit an alarm signal within 30 seconds with the first test filter combination and an alarm or fault signal within 60 seconds with the second test filter combination. An alarm signal must not be extinguished by a fault signal resulting from a rapid change in light attenuation. These requirements were met in the present embodiment. 2.9 Tolerance tests

[0270] Further tests carried out with the smoke detector test bench according to the invention or the method applied according to the invention relate to the testing of the tolerance of the smoke detectors with regard to an angular misalignment, with regard to the length of the optical measuring path and with regard to the supply voltage, in particular according to standard DIN EN 54-12:2015-10.

[0271] During tolerance tests, the response values ​​are measured in accordance with the standard. The measurements are performed in the same manner as described in section 2.6 regarding sample variation, by automatically and / or motorized insertion of various test filter combinations, in ascending order with respect to attenuation values, until the respective smoke detector triggers. The tests are performed at the smoke detector's maximum sensitivity (here, 25%).

[0272] The three tolerance tests described below are preferably all performed on the same of the previously measured (seven) smoke detectors. Tolerance for beam misalignment:

[0273] The smoke detector is tested to demonstrate that minor inaccuracies in the angular alignment (within the manufacturer's specifications) do not have a detrimental effect. For this purpose, the transmitter-receiver assembly is rotated around a vertical axis to the largest angle specified by the manufacturer (here 0.4°). After two minutes, a test filter combination corresponding to a response level of 6 dB is inserted into the beam path. The device under test must trigger an alarm within a maximum of 30 seconds. The test is then repeated in the opposite direction and for rotation around the horizontal axis. Finally, the same test is performed, rotating the reflector to the largest angle specified by the manufacturer (here 5.0°).

[0274] The smoke detector test stand according to the invention can have corresponding swivel devices for swiveling the first and / or the second test specimen holder.

[0275] In the exemplary embodiment, the alarm signals were triggered within 30 seconds each time. The requirements were therefore met in the present embodiment. Dependence on the length of the optical measuring path:

[0276] It must be ensured that the response values ​​do not change significantly within the range specified by the manufacturer. For this purpose, the response value is measured at both the shortest distance (here 50 m) and the longest distance (here 100 m). The distances are simulated by adding and / or removing pre-filters.

[0277] According to DIN EN 54-12:2015-10, the requirements are met if the response values ​​for the minimum and maximum distances are each greater than 0.4 dB and the ratio of the response values ​​is ≤ 1.6. In the present embodiment, all requirements were met. Supply voltage tolerance:

[0278] The aim is to demonstrate that the sensitivity or response value of the smoke detector does not depend excessively on the supply voltage. For this purpose, the response value is measured at the lowest possible supply voltage (here 10.2 V) and the highest possible supply voltage (here 30 V).

[0279] According to DIN EN 54-12:2015-10, the requirements are met if the response values ​​for the lowest and highest voltages are each greater than 0.4 dB and the ratio of the response values ​​is ≤ 1.6. In the present embodiment, all requirements were met. 2.10 Stress tests:

[0280] Further tests were carried out with the smoke detector test bench according to the invention or with the method applied according to the invention, each of which includes measurements of response values, in particular the further tests listed in DIN EN 54-12:2015-10.

[0281] For all the tests described below, the smoke detector under test is subjected to a specific stress, and the response value is measured after the stress.

[0282] During the stress tests, the response values ​​are measured in accordance with the standard. The measurements are carried out in the same manner as described in section 2.6 regarding sample variation, by automatically and / or motorized insertion of various test filter combinations, in ascending order with respect to attenuation values, until the respective smoke detector triggers. The tests are performed at the smoke detector's maximum sensitivity (here, 25%).

[0283] The tests are usually carried out on different of the previously measured (seven) smoke detectors, whereby the same smoke detector can also be used for (certain) several tests, in particular according to Table 1 of the standard DIN EN 54-12:2015-10.

[0284] According to DIN EN 54-12:2015-10, the requirements are met if no alarm or fault signals are emitted during the respective stress test, all measured response values ​​are greater than 0.4 dB, and the ratio of the response value C measured during the sample variation and after the respective stress test is max : C min ≤ 1.6. In detail: Stray light:

[0285] The test assesses whether the smoke detector is resistant to interference from stray light from artificial light sources. For this purpose, fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps are positioned along the optical measuring path. The smoke detector test rig according to the invention can include suitable holding devices for the fluorescent and incandescent lamps. The lamps are switched on for two hours, and the response value is then measured with the lamps still switched on. Temperature resistance (high temperatures):

[0286] The test aims to demonstrate that the smoke detector functions correctly even at high ambient temperatures. First, the device under test (DUT) / smoke detector is exposed to a temperature of (55 ± 2) °C for 16 hours. During this time, the DUT must not trigger or emit a fault signal. Next, a test filter combination with an attenuation value equivalent to the response threshold of 6 dB is inserted into the beam path. The DUT must trigger within 30 seconds of this filter being inserted. Finally, the DUT is exposed to normal climate conditions for 1 hour, and the response threshold is then measured. Temperature resistance (low temperatures):

[0287] The test aims to demonstrate that the smoke detector functions correctly even at low ambient temperatures. First, the device under test (DUT) / smoke detector is exposed to a temperature of (-10 ± 3) °C for 16 hours. During this time, the DUT must not trigger or emit a fault signal. Next, a test filter combination with an attenuation value equivalent to the response threshold of 6 dB is inserted into the beam path. The DUT must trigger within 30 seconds of this filter being inserted. Finally, the DUT is exposed to normal climate conditions for 1 hour, and the response threshold is then measured. Moisture resistance (in operation):

[0288] The test aims to demonstrate that the smoke detector functions correctly even at high relative humidity levels. First, the test subject / smoke detector is exposed to a temperature of (40 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (93 ± 3) % for four days. During this time, the test subject must not trigger or emit a fault signal. Afterward, the test subject is exposed to normal climate conditions for one hour, and then the response value is measured. Moisture resistance (endurance test):

[0289] The aim is to demonstrate that the smoke detector can withstand long-term effects of humidity in the operating environment. First, the test specimen / smoke detector is exposed to a temperature of (40 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (93 ± 3) % for 21 days. Afterwards, the test specimen is exposed to standard climate conditions for 1 hour, and then the response value is measured. Vibration resistance:

[0290] The smoke detector is tested to demonstrate its ability to withstand long-term vibrations. The vibrations are sequentially applied along each of the three mutually perpendicular axes. The vibrations occur within a frequency range of 10 Hz to 150 Hz, with an acceleration amplitude of 1 g (9.81 m / s²), a tuning rate of 1 octave / min, and for 20 tuning cycles. The response value is then measured without readjusting the angular alignment. Hit:

[0291] The smoke detector is tested to demonstrate its ability to withstand mechanical impacts to its surface. Up to 20 points are selected on each component of the smoke detector, which must be at least 20 mm apart. Three impacts with an impact energy of (0.5 ± 0.04) J are applied to each point. The response value is then measured. Electrical stability:

[0292] The smoke detector is exposed to various electromagnetic interferences (e.g., static discharge, radiated electromagnetic fields). In particular, EMC immunity testing is performed according to EN 50130-4. The response value is measured after each exposure. Alternatively, the response value is measured only once at the end of the test. Corrosion resistance:

[0293] The smoke detector is tested to demonstrate its ability to withstand the corrosive effects of sulfur dioxide (an atmospheric pollutant). For this purpose, the smoke detector, without being connected, is exposed to a temperature of (25 ± 2) °C, a relative humidity of (93 ± 3) %, and a sulfur dioxide concentration with a volume fraction of (25 ± 5) 10 -6The specimen is exposed for 21 days. Immediately after exposure, it is dried for 16 hours at (40± 2) °C and a relative humidity of no more than 50%, and then exposed to normal climate conditions for 1 to 2 hours. The response value is then measured.

[0294] In the embodiment according to the invention, all stress tests were passed. The concept according to the invention enables efficient and reproducible, and above all standard-compliant or standardized, functional testing of smoke detectors, in particular linear smoke detectors based on the transmitted light principle, namely a conformity test according to the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating the attenuation or attenuation change of an optical beam, and in particular for determining the response value (trigger threshold). 3. a) Testing of smoke detectors by manually changing the test filters (comparison, not according to the invention)

[0295] For comparison, the tests previously performed with the smoke detector test bench and the method according to the invention are repeated. Instead of using the smoke detector test bench and the method according to the invention, the tests are performed by manually changing the test filters. In particular, the test bench now used does not have a positioning device for the automated and / or motorized insertion and removal of test filters. Accordingly, no method according to the invention is carried out in which test filters and / or test filter combinations are automatically and / or motorized inserted and removed from the beam path.

[0296] The objects of the test are again the linear smoke detectors based on the transmitted light principle described in section 2.3.

[0297] Even during the measurement of sample variation (see Section 2.6), reliable values ​​could not be obtained by manually inserting and removing the test filters. It was not possible to align the test filters so precisely that no reflection occurred. In particular, due to angular misalignment of the test filters, it could not be ensured that light incident on the test filters was transmitted exclusively. Therefore, the respective attenuation values ​​of the test filters could not be determined without complications, as a portion of the incident light was also reflected. Consequently, the response values ​​could only be determined with considerable effort.

[0298] Another problem that arose was that the tester changing the test filters had to be very careful not to place their hand in the beam path during the process. This could not always be avoided. However, if the hand remained in the beam path for too long, the smoke detector would trigger prematurely. If this was detected, the measurement had to be repeated. If it went undetected, an incorrect response value was determined.

[0299] Furthermore, it sometimes happened that a test filter was forgotten during the manual assembly of the test filter combinations, or that a test filter combination was accidentally skipped in the test sequence. Consequently, it could occur that an incorrect test filter combination was used as the basis for the response value.

[0300] The test for rapid changes in light attenuation proved particularly problematic. The standard DIN EN 54-12:2015-10 stipulates that the time until maximum light attenuation is reached must not exceed 1 second. This means the test filters must be inserted into the beam path very quickly. Manually, this is extremely difficult and time-consuming. As a result, the entire test could not be carried out without complications and required considerable effort.

[0301] Furthermore, in all tests, manually changing the test filters took significantly longer than using the smoke detector test bench according to the invention or carrying out the method applied according to the invention. The time until a response value could be determined was therefore considerably longer. 3. b) Testing of smoke detectors using a test filter disc (comparison, not according to the invention)

[0302] For comparison, the tests previously carried out with the smoke detector test bench and the method applied according to the invention are repeated. Instead of using the smoke detector test bench and the method applied according to the invention, the tests are carried out using a rotatable test filter disc.

[0303] This device consists of a disc divided into several sectors, each corresponding to a different test filter or exhibiting a different attenuation value. To determine the response value, the disc is rotated by a specific angle, which can be done by a motor, so that a different sector of the disc with a different attenuation value is positioned in the beam path. The disc is rotated until the smoke detector triggers an alarm. The attenuation value of the corresponding sector is then determined as the response value.

[0304] The objects of the test are again the linear smoke detectors based on the transmitted light principle described in section 2.3.

[0305] Even when measuring the sample variation (see section 2.6), no reliable values ​​could be determined using the test filter disc.

[0306] If the sectors were too narrow, it could not be guaranteed that the smoke detector's light beam would only hit the correct sector. As a result, the light beam would be attenuated more or less than intended if it also partially struck an adjacent sector. Consequently, the actual attenuation value and the corresponding response value could not be reliably determined.

[0307] To overcome this problem and ensure that each sector completely covers the smoke detector's light beam, the sectors must have a certain minimum size. In this case, that minimum was 12°. Consequently, only 30 different test filter sectors could be arranged on a circular disk with a total of 360°, resulting in only 30 different attenuation values. In comparison, with just a few test filters, the smoke detector test rig according to the invention and the method applied according to the invention can achieve significantly more attenuation values; for example, with nine test filters, 511 different attenuation values ​​can be achieved, as described above.

[0308] With only 30 damping values, the response value could not be reliably determined because the jumps between the damping values ​​were too large. The resolution was therefore too coarse. This problem could only be solved by using several different test filter discs. However, even with multiple test filter discs, only a lower resolution could be achieved, as 17 different test filter discs would have been needed to obtain the 511 different damping values, which was not practical.

[0309] Furthermore, it should be noted that the rotating filter must remain in the beam path during every measurement. This is not compliant with the standard or the requirements of DIN EN 54-12, which stipulates that after each attenuation measurement, the test filter discs must be removed and the detector must again receive 100% or the complete signal (see section 5.1.5.3 of DIN EN 54-12). Only then should another test filter combination be applied. With the test filter disc in the configuration described above, this is not possible.

[0310] Even with a single test filter disc, the problem arose that it had to be manually inserted into and removed from the beam path. When multiple test filter discs were required, the additional problem arose that they had to be changed manually. This resulted in similar problems to those described above regarding the manual changing of the test filters.

[0311] Furthermore, the production of the test filter disc was much more complex than the use of (standard) test filters according to the invention. REFERENCE MARK LIST: 1 smoke detector test bench 2 optical beam 3 channels 4 receivers 5 Reflector 6 Transmitter-receiver arrangement 7 first examinee holder 8 second examinee holder 9 Positioning device 10 test filters 11 test filter holders 12 Drive unit 13 Pre-filter unit 14 pre-filter holders 15 pre-filters 16 chassis 17-inch wheel 18 Mounting rail 19 Mounting rail M optical measuring distance QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] EP 305 / 2011

[0019] EP 4 270 350 A1

[0037] Cited non-patent literature

[0000] DIN EN 54 [0019, 0021, 0022] ÖNORM EN 54

[0021] Standard DIN EN 54-12

[0023] Standard EN 54-12:2015

[0023] DIN EN 54-12 [0024, 0025, 0045, 0046, 0104] Standard DIN EN 54-12:2015 [0083, 0084, 0222, 0224] DIN EN 54-12:2015 [0083, 0179] DIN EN 54-12:2015-10 [0104, 0233, 0255, 0277, 0279, 0280, 0284] DIN EN 60068-1

[0218] DIN EN 60068-1:2015-09

[0218] Standard DIN EN 54-12:2015-10 [0270, 0283, 0300]

Claims

[1] Smoke detector test bench (1) (test device), preferably in the form of an optical bench, for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating the attenuation or attenuation change of an optical beam (2), in particular for determining the response value (trigger limit value), in particular wherein the smoke detector to be tested responds to attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam (2) and has at least one transmitter (3), at least one receiver (4) and optionally at least one reflector (5) or at least one transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) and at least one reflector (5), wherein the smoke detector test bench (1) comprises: - a first test specimen holder (7) for holding and / or receiving a receiver (4) or a transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) of a smoke detector to be tested, - a second test holder (8), in particular arranged opposite the first test holder, for holding and / or receiving a transmitter (3) or a reflector (5) of the smoke detector, wherein an optical, in particular linear, measuring section (2) is formed and / or is present between the first test specimen holder and the second test specimen holder (8), preferably wherein the first test specimen holder (7) and the second test specimen holder (8) are arranged and / or are to be arranged such that in the operating and / or test state of the smoke detector test stand (1) the receiver (4) or the transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) of the smoke detector to be tested, held and / or received by the first test specimen holder (7), on the one hand, and the transmitter (3) or reflector (5) held and / or received by the second test specimen holder (8), on the other hand, are positioned and / or aligned at least substantially at the same height and / or (horizontally) aligned; the smoke detector test bench (1) also features: - a positioning device (9) for the particularly selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of several test filters (10) from a plurality of test filters (10) provided and / or make available, in particular with the positioning device (9), into the beam path and / or out of the beam path of an optical beam (2) emanating from the transmitter (3) or the transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) and optionally reflected by a reflector (5) to generate an attenuation or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam (2), in particular wherein the positioning device (9) is designed • for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of a plurality of test filters (10), in particular both a single test filter (10) and a plurality of test filters (10), into or out of the beam path, wherein several test filters (10) inserted into the beam path have different distances to the first test specimen holder (7) and / or to the second test specimen holder (8), preferably different distances to the first test specimen holder (7) and to the second test specimen holder (8), and / or • for the selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion and / or removal of several test filters (10) from a plurality of test filters (10) into the beam path and / or out of the beam path, wherein the test filters (10) inserted into the beam path are arranged linearly in succession in the beam path in the direction of the optical beam (2); in particular wherein the positioning device (9) has a plurality of test filter holders (11) arranged linearly in the direction of the optical beam, wherein each test filter holder (11) is designed to hold and insert and / or remove at least one, preferably only one, test filter (10) into or out of the beam path and / or wherein each test filter holder (11) can be positioned independently of the other test filter holder(s) (11) within the beam path and / or wherein the test filter holders have a different distance to at least one test specimen holder (7, 8), in particular to both test specimen holders (7, 8), and / or in particular wherein the positioning device (9) is designed for the independent insertion and / or removal of several test filters (10) from a plurality of test filters (10) into or out of the beam path, preferably wherein each test filter (10) can always be inserted into the optical beam (2) at a test filter-specific position specified for the respective test filter (10) with a test filter-specific distance to at least one test specimen holder (7, 8), in particular to both test specimen holders (7, 8), preferably to the transmitter (3) or the transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) or to the receiver (4). [2] Smoke detector test stand according to claim 1, wherein the positioning device (9) has at least one test filter holder which is designed for the simultaneous holding and simultaneous insertion and, in particular, removal of a plurality of test filters into or from the beam path. [3] Smoke detector test bench according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one test filter holder (11) of the positioning device (9) is provided for filter insertion and, in particular, filter removal of at least one, preferably only one, test filter (10) into the beam path of the optical beam (2); and / or wherein the test filter holder (11) is adjustable and / or movable relative to the beam path and / or to the test specimen holders (7, 8), in particular wherein a plurality of test filter holders (11) are provided and several test filter holders (11), in particular all test filter holders (11), are adjustable and / or movable relative to the beam path of the optical beam (2). [4] Smoke detector test stand according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the test filter holder (11) is preferably adjustable and / or movable at least substantially perpendicular to the beam path. [5] Smoke detector test stand according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a drive device (12) with at least one, in particular motorized, drive is provided for adjusting and / or moving at least one test filter holder (11) relative to the beam path and / or relative to at least one test specimen holder (7, 8). [6] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a linear axis drive is provided, in particular as a drive device (12) for adjusting and / or moving the test filter holder (11). [7] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of test filter holders (11) are provided and that each test filter holder (11) is assigned a drive, in particular a motor drive, as a drive device (12), wherein, preferably, the drives can be controlled independently of each other. [8] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a control and / or regulating device is provided for controlling and / or regulating the adjustment and / or the process or displacement of at least one test filter holder (11), preferably all test filter holders (11); in particular wherein the control and / or regulating device is configured to position at least one test filter holder (11), preferably a plurality of test filter holders (11), in the beam path for a predetermined period of time, preferably at least 30 s, after insertion into the beam path, and / or to remove them from the beam path, preferably completely, preferably automatically and / or by motor after the predetermined period of time has elapsed; and / or in particular wherein the control and / or regulating device is configured to insert at least one test filter holder (11), preferably a plurality of test filter holders (11), into the beam path within a predetermined insertion period, in particular wherein the predetermined insertion period is a maximum of 2 s, in particular a maximum of 1 s. [9] Smoke detector test stand according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of test filter holders (11) is provided, wherein at least two test filter holders (11), preferably all test filter holders (11), are independently adjustable and / or movable relative to the beam path and / or to at least one test specimen holder (7, 8); and / or wherein at least two test filter holders (11) are jointly, in particular synchronously, adjustable and / or movable for the insertion of a plurality of test filters (10) into the beam path of the optical beam (2). [10] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in particular only and / or exclusively calibrated test filters (10) are arranged and / or held or arranged on the test filter holders (11). [11] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a pre-filter device (13) with at least one pre-filter holder (14) for pre-filter insertion and, in particular, pre-filter delivery of at least one pre-filter (15), preferably a plurality of pre-filters (15), is provided, in particular in the direction of the optical beam (2) of the positioning device (9) to generate an attenuation or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam. [12] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pre-filter device (13) is designed to generate attenuation or a change in attenuation of the optical beam (2) such that an increased operating and / or actual installation distance of the smoke detector compared to the test distance and / or the optical measuring distance (M) between transmitter (3) and receiver (4) or transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) and reflector (5) can be simulated; in particular wherein the operating and / or actual installation distance is increased by at least a factor of 10, preferably at least a factor of 50, in particular at least a factor of 80, compared to the test distance and / or the optical measuring distance (M); and / or in particular wherein the pre-filter (15) is designed and / or can be inserted and / or is inserted into the beam path in such a way that the smoke detector can be operated without alarm and / or interference when the pre-filter (15) is inserted into the beam path and / or an alarm and / or interference signal is suppressed and / or is not triggered. [13] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a test filter provision (test filter set) comprising a plurality of test filters (10), selected in particular from the group of absorption filters for the selective filter insertion of at least one test filter (10) and / or a plurality of test filters (10) from the filter provision with the positioning device (9) into the beam path of the optical beam (2) is provided, furthermore, in particular, the absorption filters are selected from the group of absorption filters, i) with a transmission in the range of 95.0% to 99.5%, in particular 99.0% to 99.5%, and an attenuation value of 0.01 dB to 0.03 dB, preferably 0.01 dB to 0.02 dB; and / or ii) with a transmission in the range of 90.0% to 95.0%, in particular 90.0% to 92.0%, and an attenuation of 0.3 dB to 0.4 dB, preferably 0.35 dB to 0.4 dB; and / or iii) with a transmission in the range of 85.0% to 90.0%, in particular 88.0% to 90.0%, and an attenuation of 0.45 dB to 0.5 dB, preferably 0.47 dB to 0.5 dB; and / or iv) with a transmission in the range of 86.0% to 90.0%, in particular 88.0% to 89.0%, and an attenuation of 0.5 dB to 0.7 dB, preferably 0.5 dB to 0.6 dB; and / or v) with a transmission in the range of 80.0% to 86.0%, in particular 85.0% to 86.0%, and an attenuation of 0.5 dB to 0.7 dB, preferably 0.6 dB to 0.7 dB; and / or vi) with a transmission in the range of 70.0% to 80.0%, in particular 75.0% to 80.0%, and an attenuation of 1.0 dB to 1.2 dB, preferably 1.1 dB to 1.2 dB; and / or vii) with a transmission in the range of 50.0% to 60.0%, in particular 58.0% to 60.0%, and an attenuation of 2.0 dB to 3.0 dB, preferably 2.0 dB to 2.5 dB; and / or viii) with a transmission in the range of 40.0% to 50.0%, in particular 40.0% to 45.0%, and an attenuation of 3.0 dB to 4.0 dB, preferably 3.5 dB to 4.0 dB; and / or ix) with a transmission in the range of 20.0% to 30.0%, in particular 20.0% to 25.0%, and an attenuation value of 6.0 dB to 7.0 dB, preferably 6.0 dB to 6.5 dB as well as any combination of the above absorption filters i) to ix), in particular wherein the transmission and / or attenuation values ​​are available for a wavelength in the range of 500 nm to 1100 nm, preferably 550 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 650 nm to 950 nm, most preferably at a wavelength of 880 nm. [14] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a test filter provision (test filter set), comprising a plurality of test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations or combinations of test filters (10), is provided such that test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations with stepwise increasing attenuation values ​​can be selected and, in particular, can be introduced stepwise successively into the beam path with the positioning device (9), in particular wherein a stepwise increase of attenuation values ​​of the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations of a maximum of 0.1 dB takes place, preferably in the case that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of less than 1.0 dB. [15] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a test filter provision (test filter set), comprising a plurality of test filters (10), can be provided such that test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations can be selected and inserted into the beam path with the positioning device (9), which i) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.1 dB, in the event that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of less than 1.0 dB; and / or ii) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.2 dB, in the event that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 1.0 dB to less than 2.0 dB; and / or iii) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.3 dB, in the event that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 2.0 dB to less than 4.0 dB; and / or iv) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.4 dB, in the event that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 4.0 dB to 6.0 dB; and / or v) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 1.0 dB, in the event that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of more than 6.0 dB, in particular i) wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are selectable such that, in case i), test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations with different attenuation values ​​are selectable, wherein adjacent and / or, in particular, successively stepwise and / or adjustable attenuation values ​​of the respective test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations differ by a maximum of 0.1 dB; and / or ii) wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are selectable such that, in case ii), test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations with different attenuation values ​​are selectable, wherein adjacent and / or, in particular, successively stepwise and / or adjustable attenuation values ​​of the respective test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations differ by a maximum of 0.2 dB; and / or iii) wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are selectable such that, in case iii), test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations with different attenuation values ​​are selectable, wherein adjacent and / or, in particular, successively stepwise and / or adjustable attenuation values ​​of the respective test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations differ by a maximum of 0.3 dB; and / or iv) wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are selectable such that, in case iv), test filters and / or test filter combinations with different attenuation values ​​are selectable, wherein adjacent and / or, in particular, successively stepwise and / or adjustable attenuation values ​​of the respective test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations differ by a maximum of 0.4 dB; and / or v) wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are selectable such that, in case v), test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations, in particular test filters and / or test filter combinations, with different attenuation values ​​are selectable, wherein adjacent and / or in particular successively stepwise and / or adjustable attenuation values ​​of the respective test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations differ by a maximum of 1.0 dB. [16] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an identical test filter provision (test filter set) for functional testing is provided independently of the wavelength and / or wavelength range of the optical beam (2) for a wavelength and / or wavelength range of the optical beam (2) between 500 nm to 1100 nm, preferably 500 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 650 nm to 950 nm, in particular wherein the wavelength and / or wavelength range is determined by the smoke detector to be tested. [17] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one, in particular each, test filter (10) has the same transmission properties or attenuation properties over the entire filter area. [18] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one test filter (10), in particular each test filter (10), is non-reflective and / or designed as an optical attenuation filter, in particular to reduce the transmission of an optical beam and / or does not have any reflection that impairs the functional test. [19] Smoke detector test stand according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the smoke detector test stand (1) is designed to be open on the top side and / or freely accessible on the top side, at least in the area of ​​the optical measuring section (M) and / or between the test specimen holders (7, 8). [20] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the smoke detector test bench (1) has at least seven, preferably at least eight, in particular at least nine, test filters (10) and / or test filter holders (11), in particular wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter holders (11) can be inserted and / or removed linearly successively into the beam path (2). [21] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of smoke detectors of the same type and / or design and / or response behavior is provided, in particular for carrying out a plurality of, preferably at least five, in particular at least six, preferably at least seven functional tests. [22] Smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of functional tests (repeat tests) can be carried out on at least one smoke detector, in particular at least two, preferably at least three functional tests (repeat tests). [23] Use of a smoke detector test bench (1) according to one of the preceding claims for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular in accordance with standards and / or standardised, in particular for conformity testing according to requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for the functional testing of a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle by evaluating attenuation or attenuation change of an optical beam (2), in particular the response value. [24] Use according to claim 23, wherein the smoke detector test bench (1) has one or more features of the smoke detector test bench (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 22. [25] Use of a smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, in particular use according to claim 23 or 24, for carrying out a method for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating the attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam (2), in particular for determining the response value (trigger threshold), in particular with a smoke detector test bench in the form of an optical bench, preferably with a smoke detector test bench according to one of the preceding claims, in particular wherein the smoke detector to be tested responds to attenuation and / or attenuation change of an optical beam and has at least one transmitter (3), at least one receiver (4) and optionally at least one reflector (5) or at least one transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) and at least one reflector (5), the following procedural steps are carried out, in particular in the (temporal) sequence of procedural steps A) to D) specified below: A) Provision of a transmitter (3) and a receiver (4) or a transmitter-receiver arrangement (5) and a reflector (6) of a smoke detector to be tested, B) Formation of an optical, in particular linear optical, measuring path (M) between the transmitter (3) and the receiver (4) or the transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) and the reflector (5) forming a beam path of an optical beam (2) emanating from the transmitter (2) or the transmitter-receiver arrangement (6), C) in particular selective and / or preferably automated and / or motorized insertion of one or more test filters (10) from a plurality of test filters (10) into the beam path to generate an attenuation and / or a change in the attenuation of the optical beam (2), in particular wherein the test filters (10) are in calibrated form with respect to their transmission and / or attenuation properties and / or in particular wherein the test filters (10) have at least substantially homogeneous transmission and / or attenuation properties over the entire test filter area, D) Measurement and / or determination of the attenuation and / or the change in attenuation of the optical beam (2) by detecting a plurality of different and / or distinct test filters (10), in particular test filter arrangements and / or test filter combinations, introduced (in time) successively into the beam path, in particular at the receiver (4) or at the transmitter-receiver arrangement (6), in particular wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter arrangements and / or test filter combinations are successively introduced into the beam path with increasing attenuation and / or attenuation change (over time), in particular until an alarm signal of the smoke detector is triggered, preferably until a response value (trigger limit value) for generating an alarm signal of the smoke detector is reached, preferably with assignment of an attenuation value specific to the smoke detector for generating the alarm signal of the smoke detector. [26] Use according to claim 25, wherein several test filters (10) are placed in the beam path such that the test filters (10) are arranged in the beam path at different distances from the transmitter (3) and / or receiver (4) or from the transmitter-receiver arrangement (5) and / or from the reflector (6) and / or that the test filters (10) are arranged in the beam path in a linear arrangement downstream of the optical beam (2). [27] Use according to claim 25 or 26, wherein at least one test filter (10) or several test filters (10) or test filter combinations are introduced into the beam path of the optical beam (2) by motor and / or automatically. [28] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein at least one test filter (10) or several test filters (10), in particular all or each test filter (10), is / are non-reflective and / or designed as an optical attenuation filter and / or does not have / have any reflection that impairs the functional test and / or is / are designed to reduce the transmission of an optical beam (2). [29] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 28, wherein at least two test filters (10) are independently inserted into the beam path of the optical beam (2) and / or removed from the beam path, in particular by motor. [30] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 29, wherein at least one test filter (10), preferably a plurality of test filters (10), remains in the beam path for a predetermined period of time, preferably at least 30 s, after being inserted into the beam path and / or is removed from the beam path, preferably completely, preferably automatically and / or by motor after the period of time has elapsed; and / or wherein the insertion of the test filter (10) and / or the plurality of test filters (10) takes place within a specified insertion time, in particular wherein the insertion time is a maximum of 2 s, in particular a maximum of 1 s. [31] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 30, wherein at least one test filter (10), preferably a plurality of test filters (10), in particular absorption filters, is / are provided, i) with a transmission in the range of 95.0% to 99.5%, in particular 99.0% to 99.5%, and an attenuation value of 0.01 dB to 0.03 dB, preferably 0.01 dB to 0.02 dB; and / or ii) with a transmission in the range of 90.0% to 95.0%, in particular 90.0% to 92.0%, and an attenuation of 0.3 dB to 0.4 dB, preferably 0.35 dB to 0.4 dB; and / or iii) with a transmission in the range of 85.0% to 90.0%, in particular 88.0% to 90.0%, and an attenuation of 0.45 dB to 0.5 dB, preferably 0.47 dB to 0.5 dB; and / or iv) with a transmission in the range of 86.0% to 90.0%, in particular 88.0% to 89.0%, and an attenuation of 0.5 dB to 0.7 dB, preferably 0.5 dB to 0.6 dB; and / or v) with a transmission in the range of 80.0% to 86.0%, in particular 85.0% to 86.0%, and an attenuation of 0.5 dB to 0.7 dB, preferably 0.6 dB to 0.7 dB; and / or vi) with a transmission in the range of 70.0% to 80.0%, in particular 75.0% to 80.0%, and an attenuation of 1.0 dB to 1.2 dB, preferably 1.1 dB to 1.2 dB; and / or vii) with a transmission in the range of 50.0% to 60.0%, in particular 58.0% to 60.0%, and an attenuation of 2.0 dB to 3.0 dB, preferably 2.0 dB to 2.5 dB; and / or viii) with a transmission in the range of 40.0% to 50.0%, in particular 40.0% to 45.0%, and an attenuation of 3.0 dB to 4.0 dB, preferably 3.5 dB to 4.0 dB; and / or ix) with a transmission in the range of 20.0% to 30.0%, in particular 20.0% to 25.0%, and an attenuation value of 6.0 dB to 7.0 dB, preferably 6.0 dB to 6.5 dB, as well as any combination of the above absorption filters i) to ix), in particular wherein the transmission and / or attenuation values ​​are available for a wavelength in the range of 500 nm to 1100 nm, preferably 550 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 650 nm to 950 nm, particularly preferably 600 nm to 700 nm. [32] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 31, wherein test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations with stepwise increasing attenuation values ​​are provided and in particular are introduced stepwise successively into the beam path, in particular wherein a stepwise increase of attenuation values ​​of the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations of a maximum of 0.1 dB is carried out, preferably in the case that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of less than 1.0 dB. [33] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 32, wherein test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are selected and placed in the beam path which i) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.1 dB, in the event that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of less than 1.0 dB; and / or ii) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.2 dB, in the event that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 1.0 dB to less than 2.0 dB; and / or iii) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.3 dB, in the event that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 2.0 dB to less than 4.0 dB; and / or iv) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 0.4 dB, in the event that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of 4.0 dB to 6.0 dB; and / or v) differ in their attenuation value by a maximum of 1.0 dB, in the event that the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations have an attenuation value of more than 6.0 dB, in particular i) wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are selected such that, in case i), at least two test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations placed consecutively in the beam path differ in their attenuation values ​​by a maximum of 0.1 dB, in particular wherein the successively placed test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are not in the beam path simultaneously; and / or ii) wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations can be selected such that, in case ii), at least two test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations inserted consecutively into the beam path differ in their attenuation values ​​by a maximum of 0.2 dB, in particular wherein the successively inserted test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are not in the beam path simultaneously; and / or iii) wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations can be selected such that, in case iii), at least two test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations inserted consecutively into the beam path differ in their attenuation values ​​by a maximum of 0.3 dB, in particular wherein the successively inserted test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are not in the beam path simultaneously; and / or iv) wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations can be selected such that, in case iv), at least two test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations inserted consecutively into the beam path differ in their attenuation values ​​by a maximum of 0.4 dB, in particular wherein the successively inserted test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are not in the beam path simultaneously; and / or v) wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations can be selected such that, in case v), at least two test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations placed consecutively in the beam path differ in their attenuation values ​​by a maximum of 1.0 dB, in particular wherein the successively placed test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are not in the beam path simultaneously. [34] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 33, wherein a functional test is carried out with at least one test filter (10) or a combination of a plurality of test filters (10) from the filter provision, preferably wherein a functional test is carried out independently of the wavelength and / or wavelength range of the optical beam (2) for a wavelength and / or wavelength range of the optical beam (2) between 500 nm to 1100 nm, preferably 500 to 1000 nm, preferably 650 to 950 nm with at least one test filter (10) or a combination of a plurality of test filters (10) from the same filter provision, in particular wherein the wavelength and / or wavelength range is determined and / or specified by the smoke detector to be tested. [35] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 34, wherein the smoke detector is exposed to an ambient and / or test temperature of less than 0 °C, preferably less than -5 °C, particularly preferably less than -10 °C, before and / or during the functional test, in particular wherein the smoke detector is exposed to the ambient and / or test temperature for a period of at least 10 hours, preferably at least 12 hours, particularly preferably at least 16 hours; and / or wherein the smoke detector is exposed to an ambient and / or test temperature of at least 40 °C, preferably at least 45 °C, particularly preferably at least 50 °C, before and / or during the functional test, in particular wherein the smoke detector is exposed to the ambient and / or test temperature for a period of at least 10 hours, preferably at least 12 hours, particularly preferably at least 16 hours; and / or wherein the smoke detector is exposed to a relative humidity of at least 80%, preferably at least 85%, in particular at least 90% before and / or during the functional test, in particular wherein the smoke detector is exposed to the relative humidity for a period of at least 1 day, preferably at least 4 days, particularly preferably at least 10 days. [36] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 35, wherein, to increase attenuation or change the attenuation of the optical beam, at least one pre-filter (15) or a plurality of pre-filters (15) are introduced into the optical beam (2) before the measuring section (M) formed by the test filters (10) and / or the test filter combination, preferably wherein the introduction is not automated (manual) and / or wherein the pre-filter(s) (15) are not calibrated, in particular wherein the pre-filter (15) preferably remains in the beam path for the entire functional test. [37] Use according to claim 36, wherein the pre-filter (15) is designed to generate attenuation or a change in attenuation of the optical beam (2) such that an increased operating and / or installation distance is simulated compared to the test distance and / or the optical measuring distance (M) between transmitter (3) and receiver (4) or transmitter-receiver arrangement (6) and reflector (5); in particular wherein the operating distance is increased by at least a factor of 10 compared to the test distance, preferably at least a factor of 50, in particular at least a factor of 80; and / or in particular wherein the pre-filter (15) is designed and / or introduced into the beam path in such a way that the smoke detector is operated without alarm and / or interference when the pre-filter (15) is introduced into the beam path and / or an alarm and / or interference signal is suppressed and / or not triggered. [38] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 37, wherein a plurality of functional tests are carried out for a plurality of smoke detectors which are of the same type and / or type and / or have the same response behavior, in particular with regard to the construction and / or the matching, in particular on the basis of at least five, in particular at least six, preferably at least seven functional tests. [39] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 38, wherein a plurality of functional tests (repeat tests) are carried out on at least one smoke detector, in particular at least two, preferably at least three functional tests (repeat tests). [40] Use according to any one of claims 25 to 39, wherein the use is carried out with a smoke detector test bench (1) which has one or more features of the smoke detector test bench (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 22. [41] Use of a plurality of different and / or distinct optical beams (2) introduced sequentially (in time) into a beam path of an optical beam (2) emanating from a transmitter (3) or a transmitter-receiver device (6) of a smoke detector to be tested, in particular selectively and / or preferably automatically and / or motor-driven, test filters (10) and / or test filter arrangements and / or test filter combinations of test filters (10) to generate attenuation and / or a change in attenuation of the optical beam (2), for the functional testing of a smoke detector, in particular a linear smoke detector based on the transmitted light principle, in particular for conformity testing in accordance with the requirements of and / or in accordance with DIN EN 54-12, in particular for functional testing by evaluating attenuation or change in attenuation of an optical beam (2),especially for determining the response value (trigger threshold). [42] Use according to claim 41, wherein the test filters (10) are arranged linearly in succession in the direction of the optical beam (2) in the beam path. [43] Use according to claim 41 or 42, wherein test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations with, in particular, successively increasing attenuation values ​​are introduced into the beam path. [44] Use according to one of claims 41 to 43, wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter combinations are introduced successively, preferably with stepwise increasing attenuation values, into the beam path, in particular until an alarm signal of the smoke detector is triggered, preferably until a response value (trigger threshold) for generating an alarm signal of the smoke detector is reached, preferably with assignment of an attenuation value specific to the smoke detector for generating the alarm signal of the smoke detector. [45] Use according to any one of claims 41 to 44, wherein the test filters (10) and / or test filter arrangements and / or test filter combinations of test filters (10) are used in a smoke detector test rig (1), wherein the smoke detector test rig (1) has one or more features of the smoke detector test rig (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 22. [46] Use according to any one of claims 41 to 45 in a smoke detector test bench (1), in particular a smoke detector test bench (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, which is used according to claim 23 or claim 24. [47] Uses according to any one of the preceding claims, each characterized by one or more of the features of claims 1 to 22.

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