Device for processing cut material in a harvesting machine

Abstract

Device for processing cut grain in a harvesting machine, comprising an inclined chamber (2) with a floor on which active elements (5) for transporting the grain are mounted, and a conveyor belt (3), wherein the active elements (5) have a curved profile, one edge having a height of 15-70 mm and the other edge tapering to zero along the arc of the element, wherein the active elements (5) are manufactured on pedestals as a base and are mounted in box-shaped holders with three walls: two side walls and one end wall, wherein the height of the walls does not exceed the lower edge of the active element (5), wherein a clamp (10) for fixing the base (6) of the active element (5) is attached to one of the side walls at the inlet end of the holder, wherein the opposite side wall of the holder has a longitudinal flange (11) along its upper edge which is bent inwards,to secure the edge of the active element (5) lying below the flange (11), wherein the free ends of the base of the active elements (6) are streamlined and the supports are firmly connected to the bottom of the inclined chamber (2).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to agricultural technology, in particular a device for processing harvested material in a harvesting machine, such as a combine harvester for grain or a combine harvester for grass seed and other agricultural crops. The invention can be used in the harvesting of grain, pulses, forage crops, oilseeds, technical crops, and the useful parts of medicinal plants. Furthermore, the invention can be used in the harvesting of silage maize, root vegetables, and other crops where leveling of the harvested material in the harvesting machine is necessary.

[0002] A known device for processing cut crops in a harvesting machine comprises an inclined chamber with a floor that has a working surface for transporting the cut crop, a chute for collecting the separated grain and feeding it into a grain tank, a conveyor belt with transverse slats, and a grain tank for collecting and removing the separated grain. The working surface of the inclined chamber floor is corrugated. The corrugations—the active elements—have a W- and V-shaped profile and consist of bent, equiangular metal angles branched out on the working surface. In the conveyor receiving area, the inclined chamber contains a removable, perforated separating grid connected to the grain tank (EAPO patent no. 002420, classes A01 D41 / 00, A01 D41 / 12, A01 D45 / 30). This is the prototype.

[0003] A disadvantage of the device is the low efficiency of replacing the active elements, which are subjected to the greatest stresses at the entrance of the grain flow. This is because replacement requires replacing the bottom of the inclined chamber, leading to downtime and extended harvesting time. Furthermore, the device consumes a lot of material, as the active elements—the shafts with W- and V-shaped profiles—are made of metal angles.

[0004] The aim and technical result of the present invention is the development of a device with active elements firmly attached to the bottom of an inclined chamber. At the same time, their removableness and quick replacement without replacing the chamber bottom are ensured, and the device's metal consumption is reduced.

[0005] To achieve this technical result, the active elements in the inventive device for processing cut grain in a harvesting machine—consisting of an inclined chamber with a base to which active elements for transporting the grain are attached, and a conveyor belt—have a curved profile. One edge is 15–70 mm high, the other edge tapers to zero. The active elements are mounted on bases and installed in box-shaped brackets with three walls—two side walls and one end wall. The height of the walls does not exceed the lower edge of the active element. A clamp for fixing the base of the active element is attached to one of the side walls at the entrance of the bracket. The opposite side wall of the bracket has an inwardly curved flange along its upper edge, which fixes the edge of the active element below the flange.The free ends of the bases of the active elements are streamlined, and the supports are firmly connected to the bottom of the inclined chamber.

[0006] In the device, the active elements are arranged in the holders in a herringbone pattern at the bottom of the inclined chamber, with the tip pointing towards the receiving chamber of the harvesting machine.

[0007] In the device, the active elements are arranged in the holders in a herringbone pattern at the bottom of the inclined chamber, with the tip pointing towards the threshing and separating unit of the harvesting machine.

[0008] The active elements of the device on the bases are manufactured using 3D printing.

[0009] The figures show the proposed device for processing cut material in a harvesting machine: Fig. Figure 1 shows an overall view of part of the harvesting machine, including the inclined chamber. Fig. Figure 2 shows active elements in holders arranged in a herringbone pattern, with the apex pointing towards the intake chamber of the harvester (View A in Fig. 1). Fig. Figure 3 shows active elements in holders arranged in a herringbone pattern, with the apex pointing towards the threshing and separating unit of the harvester. Fig. Figure 4 shows an active element with a curved profile in a holder, view B in Fig. 2. Fig. Figure 5 shows an active element on a base in a holder, view C in Fig. 4. Fig. Figure 6 shows an active element with a curved profile in a holder, view E in Fig. 4.

[0010] The proposed device comprises a cutting unit (1), an inclined chamber (2) arranged in the harvesting machine, for example a combine harvester, in which a conveyor belt (3) is installed. The inclined chamber has a floor (4) on which active elements (5) are mounted on pedestals (6). The free end of the pedestals (6) of the active elements is streamlined to improve the movement of the grain mass ( Fig. 5) The active elements (5) have a curved profile (7). One edge of the active elements (5) is 15-70 mm high, the other tapers to zero. The active elements (5), mounted on bases (6), are inserted into box-shaped brackets (8) with three walls (9) – two side walls and one end wall. The height of the walls (9) does not exceed the lower edge of the active element (5). A clamp (10) for fixing the base (6) of the active element (5) is provided in one of the side walls (9) at the entrance of the bracket (8). Fig. 5) The opposite side wall (9) of the holder (8) has an inwardly curved flange (11) along its upper edge, which fixes the edge of the active element under the flange ( Fig. 5).

[0011] The active elements (5) on the underside (4) can be arranged in a herringbone pattern, with the apex, as in Fig. 2 shown, points to the intake chamber of the harvesting machine, or, as shown in Fig. 3 shown, for the threshing and separation unit.

[0012] Mounting the curved active elements on 3D-printed bases, which sit in box-shaped holders fixed on both sides and can be quickly removed through the open side of the holder, allows for rapid installation or replacement of a worn active element. Unlike the prototype device, no complex procedure for replacing the base is required. The box-shaped holders securely fix the active elements to pedestals at the bottom of the inclined chamber.

[0013] When the active elements (5, 6) are mounted with their tips pointing towards the threshing and separating unit of the harvester on the working surface of the floor (4) of the inclined chamber (2), an active lateral displacement occurs from the side edges of the inlet area to the center of the outlet area of ​​the inclined chamber (2). This ensures leveling and compaction by means of the curved surfaces (7), separation of the released grain, and distribution and transport of the mass introduced into the threshing and separating unit of the harvester.

[0014] The active elements (5) with their bases (6) and curved surfaces (7), which are mounted in holders (8) and firmly connected to the floor (4) of the inclined chamber (2), whereby their removal and rapid replacement without replacement of the chamber floor (4) must be ensured, are intended to reduce the density of the grain mass at the edges and the thickness of the layer introduced into the threshing unit.

[0015] In the separate harvesting method, the auger of the harvester (1) conveys the grain as a stream maximally compressed in the center into the inclined chamber (2). The active elements (5) must perform the opposite task: they must divert the excess stream from the central area to the sides of the inclined chamber (2). To achieve this, the components (5, 6) must be mounted in the inclined chamber (2) such that the curved profiles (7) are inclined to the sides.

[0016] Regardless of whether harvesting is direct or separated, the active elements (5) must balance the grain flow. Furthermore, the interaction of the moving mass with the curved profile (7) can contribute to partial threshing, thus improving separation and reducing breakage in the threshing and separating unit of the harvester.

[0017] The proposed device for processing cut grain in a harvesting machine offers the following advantages: - Quick replacement of active components; - Reduced downtime and higher yields; - Significant reduction in manual workload; - Increased grain harvest productivity and threshing quality through efficient feeding of a thin layer of grain; - The device in the inclined chamber is particularly effective in high-performance combine harvesters (5-6 kg / s and more); - Cost reduction (lower production costs per batch); - Enabling students of engineering, agricultural sciences and other agricultural disciplines to learn and apply modern 3D printing technology to solve problems in the agricultural sector. Reference symbol list 1 cutting unit 2 slant chamber 3 Conveyor belt 4 Underside 5 Active Element 6. Basis of the active element 7 Curved profile of the active element 8 Box-shaped bracket 9 walls of the bracket 10 terminals 11 Flange of the bracket

Claims

[1] Device for processing cut grain in a harvesting machine, comprising an inclined chamber (2) with a floor on which active elements (5) for transporting the grain are mounted, and a conveyor belt (3), wherein the active elements (5) have a curved profile, one edge having a height of 15-70 mm and the other edge tapering to zero along the arc of the element, wherein the active elements (5) are manufactured on pedestals as a base and are mounted in box-shaped holders with three walls: two side walls and one end wall, the height of the walls not exceeding the lower edge of the active element (5), wherein a clamp (10) for fixing the base (6) of the active element (5) is attached to one of the side walls at the inlet end of the holder, wherein the opposite side wall of the holder has a longitudinal flange (11) along its upper edge which is bent inwards,to secure the edge of the active element (5) lying below the flange (11), wherein the free ends of the base of the active elements (6) are streamlined and the supports are firmly connected to the bottom of the inclined chamber (2). [2] Device according to claim 1, characterized by , that the active elements (5) in the holders on the working surface of the floor of the inclined chamber (2) are arranged in a herringbone pattern, with the apex pointing towards the receiving chamber of the harvesting machine. [3] Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that the active elements (5) in the holders on the working surface of the floor of the inclined chamber (2) are arranged in a herringbone pattern, with the apex pointing towards the threshing and separating unit of the harvesting machine. [4] Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the active elements (5) on the bases are manufactured using a 3D printer.

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