Device for heating plastic preforms with stationary applicator

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a device and a method for heating plastic preforms. It is known in the beverage manufacturing industry that plastic preforms are heated and expanded in this heated state, for example, by a blow molding machine or a stretch blow molding machine. Infrared ovens are typically used to heat these plastic preforms. These infrared ovens have infrared heating elements, past which the plastic preforms are transported.

[0002] More recently, it has also become known to use microwave ovens to heat plastic preforms. These microwave ovens consist of a large number of heating devices, such as heating cavities, arranged on a support. The plastic preforms are heated individually in these cavities. While this approach has proven effective, it is relatively complex to implement and manufacture.

[0003] For example, EP 2 727 705 A1 discloses a device for heating plastic preforms with a safety device, the preforms being heated by means of a heating device which has a movable wall element arranged at least temporarily below the transport path, wherein the preform is discharged in particular from the heating device by the movement of the wall element.

[0004] From DE 10 2012 107 961 A1 a device for heating preforms is known which has heating elements, such as microwave heating elements.

[0005] The present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a microwave heating device that is easier to manufacture than prior art devices. This object is achieved according to the invention by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0006] An inventive device for heating plastic preforms according to claim 1 comprises a transport device that transports the plastic preforms along a predetermined transport path. The transport device comprises holding devices for holding the plastic preforms, and the transport path comprises at least one heating section within which the plastic preforms are heated. Furthermore, the device comprises a heating device, which is arranged, in particular, in a stationary manner at least in sections along the transport path and which heats the plastic preforms transported by the transport device during their transport through the heating section.This heating device comprises an applicator device and in particular a stationary applicator device which is suitable and intended to apply microwaves to the plastic preforms in order to heat them.

[0007] According to the invention, the transport device is arranged at least in the heating section relative to the applicator device in such a way that at least a section of the holding devices is arranged outside the applicator device.

[0008] For the sake of simplicity, the term "applicator" will be used below instead of the term "applicator device." The applicator device is preferably designed such that it is suitable and intended to simultaneously accommodate, at least temporarily, several plastic preforms. Therefore, in particular, two or more plastic preforms are simultaneously located in the applicator device and / or are transported through it, at least temporarily.

[0009] In this embodiment of the invention, it is proposed to place the transport device at least partially outside the applicator device. This ensures that essentially only the plastic preforms are heated, but not components of the transport device, such as, in particular but not exclusively, the holding devices.

[0010] In this way, efficient heating of the plastic preforms can be achieved without risking damage to other elements of the device and in particular to the transport device.

[0011] In a further preferred embodiment, the plastic preforms are transported in a direction perpendicular to their longitudinal axis during their heating in the heating section. Therefore, the transport device is preferably suitable and intended for transporting the plastic preforms perpendicular to their longitudinal direction.

[0012] It is also easier to prevent microwave radiation from escaping from the applicator device; in particular, metallic conductive objects that reach into the applicator from the outside make effective shielding of the applicator more difficult.

[0013] The present invention is further directed to a device for heating plastic preforms, which device comprises a transport device that transports the plastic preforms along a predetermined transport path, wherein the transport device comprises holding devices for holding the plastic preforms, and wherein this transport path comprises at least one heating section within which the plastic preforms are heated. Furthermore, the device comprises a heating device that is arranged, in particular, stationary and, in particular, at least in sections along the transport path, and that heats the plastic preforms transported by the transport device during their transport through the heating section.The heating device has an applicator device, in particular one arranged in a stationary manner, which is suitable and intended to apply microwaves to the plastic preforms in order to heat them.

[0014] According to the invention, in this embodiment, the device has a rotating device which rotates the plastic preforms at least partially about their longitudinal axis during their heating.

[0015] This rotating device can be designed in such a way that it individually rotates the holding devices with the plastic preforms arranged thereon. For example, the rotating device could each have electric motors assigned to the individual holding devices of the plastic preforms.

[0016] Preferably, however, a rotating device is provided that rotates the plastic preforms uniformly. For example, the rotating device could comprise a toothed belt into which corresponding gears arranged on the individual holding devices engage, so that the transport movement of the holding devices simultaneously triggers the rotation of the holding devices. This toothed belt could be driven in order to be able to change the rotation speed of the holding devices and, in particular, of the plastic preforms arranged thereon.

[0017] Preferably, at least sections of the holding devices consist of dielectric material.

[0018] As mentioned, the applicator device (in both of the above-mentioned embodiments of the invention) is arranged in a stationary manner. However, it would also be conceivable for the plastic preforms to be arranged in a stationary manner and for the applicator device to move relative to them. However, in contrast to the above-described devices from the prior art, the device is preferably constructed such that the plastic preforms are each heated by the same applicator device. The transport device preferably performs a relative movement between the plastic preforms and the applicator device, preferably a movement perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the transport device is suitable and intended for transporting the plastic preforms individually. For example, the transport device can have a circulating transport chain on which the individual holding devices are arranged. In addition, however, it would also be possible for the transport device to have a carrier which is designed in particular as a linear motor and for the individual holding devices to be arranged as movable shuttles relative to this carrier. It is conceivable for this linear motor to be at least partially provided with an individual coil control so that the carriers can be moved independently of one another. A linear motor with a long stator design is preferably provided. Particularly preferably, at least one linear motor with a long stator design and an individual coil control is provided.

[0020] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises a microwave generating device, which is arranged in particular outside the applicator device. Furthermore, the device comprises a coupling device that couples the microwaves generated outside the applicator device into the applicator device.

[0021] According to the invention, the applicator is constructed as an element or unit having a slot through which the plastic preforms are transported. As explained in more detail below, the applicator device can be designed such that no microwaves, or only a minimal amount, escape from this slot. Particularly preferably, the transport device is suitable and intended for transporting the plastic preforms at speeds between 0.01 m / s and 5 m / s, preferably between 0.1 m / s and 1 m / s.

[0022] The device comprises a rotation device suitable and intended for rotating the plastic preforms around their longitudinal axis, particularly during heating. This rotation device is particularly preferably suitable and intended for achieving rotation speeds between 1 and 2000 revolutions per minute, preferably between 50 and 1000 revolutions per minute, and particularly preferably between 300 and 900 revolutions per minute.

[0023] Particularly preferably, the rotation speed of the plastic preforms is adjustable during their transport. In a further preferred embodiment, a control device can be provided which determines the rotation speed of the plastic preforms as a function of the transport speed at which they are transported by the transport device.

[0024] In a further advantageous embodiment, the transport device is suitable and intended for transporting the plastic preforms at a predetermined distance from one another. This distance (relative to the center of a plastic preform and the adjacent plastic preform) is particularly preferably greater than 10 mm, preferably greater than 15 mm, preferably greater than 20 mm, and particularly preferably greater than 30 mm. In a further preferred embodiment, this distance is less than 300 mm, preferably less than 200 mm, preferably less than 100 mm, and particularly preferably less than 50 mm.

[0025] The device according to the invention allows the plastic preforms to be exposed to or heated according to a predetermined temperature profile. This temperature profile depends in particular on the physical parameters of the plastic preforms used, such as their length, weight, cross-section, and the like.

[0026] In principle, it is possible for the applicator to be designed as a traveling wave guide or as a resonator. The applicator is advantageously designed or configured in such a way that it enables an E-field distribution adapted to the temperature profile to be achieved. In this case, it is possible for the slot or gap through which the plastic preforms are guided during heating to be located symmetrically or essentially symmetrically (i.e. deviations of up to a few millimeters) in the center of the applicator. Furthermore, as explained in more detail below, it is possible for the applicator to be open on at least one side, preferably on at least two sides and particularly preferably on at least three sides. In this way, the plastic preforms can be guided through the applicator.

[0027] Particularly preferably, the device comprises coupling and / or tuning regions, which are particularly preferably arranged at the bottom of the applicator and / or on the sides of the applicator. These devices, such as tuning elements, are suitable and intended to adapt the resonant frequency of the applicator, partially or completely filled with plastic preforms, to the emission frequency of the microwave generating device.

[0028] In a further advantageous embodiment, the applicator has a feed area through which microwaves can be fed to the applicator. A waveguide, for example, can serve as the feed element. According to the invention, the device has a microwave generating device, such as a magnetron, which is arranged outside the applicator device.

[0029] In a further advantageous embodiment, the applicator also has at least one deflection element that deflects the propagation direction of the microwaves, preferably by an angle greater than 30°, preferably greater than 70°. Particularly preferably, the deflection device is suitable and intended to change the microwaves or their propagation by an angle less than 180°, preferably less than 150°, preferably less than 120°, and particularly preferably less than 100°. Particularly preferably, the deflection device deflects the propagation direction of the microwaves by 90°. The applicator device is preferably designed as a resonator device.

[0030] It would be possible for this deflection device to have rounded surfaces, but it would also be possible for the deflection device to have a plurality of inclined but straight sections.

[0031] As mentioned above, the applicator device particularly preferably has a tuning or adjustment area and a feed area. Particularly preferably, the area of ​​the applicator through which the plastic preforms are transported is arranged between the feed area and the tuning area.

[0032] Particularly preferred is the design of the applicator or the feed and tuning area to minimize the risk of plasma arcs. This can be achieved, among other things, by avoiding sharp corners or edges.

[0033] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the feed area has a feed window made of or including a dielectric material. This window can be provided at the entrance area of ​​the applicator, in particular to protect a microwave generator. This window is particularly preferably designed to minimize interference with the field within the applicator.

[0034] One goal is to protect the MW source from gases, particles, etc., from the applicator area. Typically, quartz plates are placed at a suitable location on the incoming waveguide for this purpose. Dielectric materials with very low dielectric losses, such as Al2O3, quartz, and Teflon, are particularly suitable.

[0035] As explained in more detail below, the device also features chokes, i.e., damping devices or shielding devices, to prevent microwaves from escaping from the applicator as much as possible. In particular, the aim is to prevent microwaves from escaping from the slot through which the plastic preforms are fed.

[0036] In a further advantageous embodiment, the microwave arrangement has at least one current source or power supply. Furthermore, the device has at least one power head. This power head preferably has units such as a magnetron, a launcher and / or a solid-state element, a connection for a waveguide, a housing, electronics, and a water supply. An insulator can also be provided. Sensor devices can also be provided, such as sensor devices for detecting plasma, temperature sensors, and sensors for detecting forward and / or return (microwave) power. A flow meter for flowing cooling water can also be present.

[0037] In a further advantageous embodiment, the microwave generating device comprises a magnetron and / or a so-called launcher (ie an arrangement for coupling the MW radiation of the antenna of the magnetron into a waveguide and / or a coaxial conductor with low loss). . In addition, the microwaves can also be generated by a solid-state source. Furthermore, the device preferably comprises an insulator, with a circulator and / or a water load particularly preferably being provided.

[0038] The advantages of a solid-state source are, in particular, that the frequency can be adjusted to the natural frequency of the resonant system. This eliminates the need for additional frequency adjustment in the resonant system (tuning). Furthermore, frequency adjustment can be performed very quickly.

[0039] In a further advantageous embodiment, the microwave generating device is designed to output microwaves in a frequency range between 850 MHz and 980 MHz, preferably between 900 MHz and 930 MHz.

[0040] In a further advantageous embodiment, a power range of the microwave generator is between 0.1 kW and 1000 kW, preferably between 1 kW and 300 kW and particularly preferably between 5 kW and 100 kW.

[0041] It would be possible to provide one or more microwave sources. The number of microwave sources is particularly preferably between 1 and 100, preferably between 1 and 10.

[0042] The entire device can preferably have at least one such applicator, but it would also be conceivable for the device to have more than one applicator, for example, between 1 and 20 applicators, and preferably between 2 and 6 applicators. These applicators can be arranged serially, meaning they are run through one after the other.

[0043] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the individual applicators are each assigned to specific microwave sources. Thus, it is possible for one microwave source to be assigned to one applicator. However, it would also be possible for multiple applicators to be assigned to one microwave source, for example, a power splitter being provided. In this case, it is again possible for the required microwave power to originate from a magnetron or a power distribution system based on power splitters. There are several possible configurations for the device. For example, a power source can be used to provide a plurality of generators, each of which is assigned a microwave source.

[0044] Each of these microwave sources can, in turn, be assigned an isolator, and from the isolator, the power can be distributed, in particular via a power distributor, to one, two, or more applicators. It would also be possible to provide a power supply to which a voltage generator (or, more generally, a power source) is connected. Starting from the voltage generator (i.e., the power source), the power is distributed among a plurality of microwave sources.

[0045] Each of these microwave sources is preferably assigned a circulator and a water load, as well as an applicator. Combinations of these approaches are also conceivable. In other words, different variants for distributing energy among a multitude of applicators are conceivable.

[0046] It would also be possible to connect power splitters in series. This way, the microwaves from a single microwave source could be split into two or more branches via a power distributor, and from these branches, they could be distributed via further power distributors to several more applicators. It would also be possible for individual applicators to be branched off from a main power distribution line via a power distributor.

[0047] In a further advantageous embodiment, the applicator is of the TE10n type. With this design, one mode occurs perpendicular to the transport direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the plastic preforms. Preferably, no modes occur parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plastic preform. Preferably, n modes run parallel to the transport direction of the plastic preforms. Particularly preferably, the applicator is designed to be rectilinear, meaning the plastic preforms are transported in a straight line within the applicator. However, it would be conceivable for the applicator to be curved.

[0048] It would also be possible for the applicator to have straight and curved sections. If the applicator is curved, the angle of curvature is preferably between 1° and 200°, and particularly preferably between 90° and 180°.

[0049] As mentioned above, the applicator has a slot through which the plastic preforms are guided. The transport device is preferably designed such that a mouth of the plastic preforms is not guided through the applicator or resonator. This prevents excessive heating of the mouth of the plastic preforms. Particularly preferably, the plastic preforms are transported within the applicator transversely to their longitudinal direction.

[0050] The applicator is preferably designed such that a predetermined number of maxima of the electric field is formed in it, preferably a number between 1 and 40 maxima and preferably between 3 and 14 maxima and preferably between 3 and 8 maxima.

[0051] Particularly preferably, the resonator can have a narrowed slot area through which the plastic preform is guided. More precisely, this slot area can adjoin the resonator. The interior of the applicator can expand downwards in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preform or toward a base peak of the plastic preform. This achieves efficient microwave attenuation.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises a coupling device that couples the microwaves into the applicator. This coupling device can particularly preferably have an opening, preferably an iris-like opening. This opening defines the entrance, i.e., the coupling entrance, of the applicator. A diaphragm typically consists of a thin sheet metal with an opening that is smaller than the cross-section of the supply waveguide and the cross-section of the applicator (preferably directly behind the diaphragm).

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, it is possible for this opening to be adjustable. For example, it is possible for the size of this opening to be variable, but it would also be possible for an aperture carrying this opening to be displaceable, in particular displaceable in the coupling region. Particularly preferably, an aperture with this opening is displaceable along a straight direction. In addition, it is also possible for the effective width (the coupling factor) of this iris or the opening to be adjusted by introducing additional elements into the feed area, such as a metallic structure or a dielectric structure. Through the interaction of the aperture and the additional elements, the effective width (the coupling factor) is ideally always adjusted so that a minimum of the power is reflected from the applicator or resonator while simultaneously tuning the frequency.

[0054] Furthermore, it is possible for the feed area to be positioned differently relative to the applicator. In this way, the microwaves can be coupled in from the bottom or from the side. Coupling in from the bottom of the applicator leads to less microwave leakage, but coupling in from the side is also possible. Preferably, the microwaves are coupled in from the bottom of the applicator. The material channel is particularly preferably arranged on the top side of the applicator. The plastic preforms are particularly preferably transported through a slot arranged on the upper surface of the applicator.

[0055] Particularly preferably, the plastic preforms are transported through the applicator with their mouth facing upwards. As mentioned, the beams can also be coupled in from the side, i.e., the right or left side of the applicator's transport path. A coaxial input originating from the microwave source, i.e., in the longitudinal direction of the applicator, would also be possible. In this case, the coupling is preferably not defined by an iris, but rather by the transition from a coaxial line to the waveguide. Particularly preferably, in this case, the applicator can have a coaxial line input.

[0056] The transport device is designed or arranged, at least in the heating area, such that at least portions of the plastic preforms are transported outside the applicator device and / or outside the area in which the microwaves are located. In a further preferred embodiment, the holding elements are arranged at least partially above the applicator device.

[0057] In this way, it is ensured that the holding devices themselves are not or only slightly influenced or heated by the microwaves.

[0058] In a further advantageous embodiment, the holding devices are designed as internal gripping devices which engage at least partially in the mouths of the plastic preforms in order to hold them. However, external grippers could also be used, which hold the plastic preforms in particular by their retaining ring and / or their support ring and / or the areas between the retaining ring and the support ring. The holding devices which are preferably used for the device according to the invention are described in detail below. It should be noted, however, that these holding devices can also be used for other purposes. The applicant therefore reserves the right to separately claim the embodiment of the holding devices described here.

[0059] Holding devices according to the invention for holding piece goods, in particular containers and in particular plastic preforms, have a first fastening section with which they can be fastened to a transport device, such as a transport chain. Furthermore, the holding devices have an engagement or holding means suitable and intended for holding plastic preforms. In particular, this is an internal gripping element that can engage the mouths of the plastic preforms. Particularly preferably, the holding devices have guide devices in a region located between the fastening section and the holding section, which guide devices serve in particular for lateral guidance and guidance in the transport direction of the holding elements.

[0060] This design is particularly relevant when the holding devices themselves are very long, i.e., they are very long in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms. In the prior art, plastic preforms are typically transported through a heating device using comparatively short holding devices, particularly on a chain. The length of the plastic preform grippers is selected such that, with a standard mechanical suspension, they can ensure good concentricity even when the plastic preform grippers rotate with the plastic preforms attached. This means that the plastic preform runs smoothly even at high rotational speeds.

[0061] If the holding device is too long, which is particularly advantageous for the present application of a microwave applicator (since the actual transport device can then be positioned at a considerable distance from the applicator device), proper concentricity of the container can no longer be guaranteed. This can result in a subsequent process not working properly, and in the worst case scenario, the ratio to be transported can be lost.

[0062] The invention therefore proposes guiding the holding elements in one area, and in particular, guiding them centrally. A guide device can be provided that achieves guidance in several directions, preferably in at least two opposite directions and / or in two mutually perpendicular directions, particularly preferably in all directions. However, these directions are preferably perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms.

[0063] Preferably, guidance can be achieved here both in the transport direction and in a direction perpendicular to the transport direction. In a particularly preferred embodiment, this guide device has at least one bearing device, that is to say in particular an inner ring on which an outer ring is rotatably mounted. This outer ring can, for example, be in contact with a corresponding outer ring of an adjacent holding device (i.e. adjacent in or opposite to the direction of travel). This outer ring can also be in contact with a lateral guide in order to guide the plastic preforms laterally in every direction. In this way, the concentricity of the holding device and of the container to be transported can be improved even if the holding devices are extended.Due to the rotatable mounting of the holding device, rotation of the plastic preforms around their longitudinal direction can also be achieved.

[0064] Therefore, the holding device preferably has at least one element for rolling relative to another element, such as a guide curve. This element is rotatably mounted, in particular, with respect to a longitudinal direction of the holding device and / or the plastic preform.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, the guide device has at least two such pivot bearings, particularly preferably at least three such pivot bearings. These two pivot bearings are preferably arranged one above the other in a longitudinal direction of the holding device and / or the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms. It would be possible and preferred for these two pivot bearings to be rotatably mounted coaxially with respect to the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms; however, it would also be conceivable for the pivot bearings to be rotatably mounted with respect to axes that are laterally offset from one another in a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms.

[0066] One of these bearings can be suitable for rolling on a guide element located on the left with respect to the transport direction, a second bearing device can be suitable and intended for rolling on a guide element located on the right, and the third bearing device can be suitable and intended for rolling on a corresponding guide device of the adjacent holding element. These pivot bearings are preferably independently rotatable and, in particular, not coupled to one another. The pivot bearings are preferably roller bearings, and in particular, ball bearings.

[0067] This embodiment is explained in more detail with reference to the figures. Particularly preferably, the guide devices are arranged directly one above the other in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms or in the longitudinal direction of the holding device. Particularly preferably, the guide device is arranged closer to the engagement element in the longitudinal direction of the holding device, which engages in the mouths of the plastic preforms. In a further advantageous embodiment, one of the guide devices has a larger cross-section than at least one other of the guide devices and particularly preferably than the other two guide devices. This guide device is in particular the guide device that is in contact with the guide device of an adjacent holding element.

[0068] Therefore, the holding device particularly preferably comprises at least one element for rolling in the circumferential direction. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the holding devices comprise at least one separating element to extend the holding device in the longitudinal direction. It would be conceivable for the holding device to comprise a telescopic element that allows the holding device to be lengthened or shortened.

[0069] In a further advantageous embodiment, the holding device is at least partially made of a material selected from a dielectric and / or a non-dielectric or the like. Particularly preferably, the holding device is designed such that, as mentioned above, it is guided laterally and / or in the direction of travel and / or counter to the direction of travel with respect to a subsequent or adjacent holding device or holding element.

[0070] In a further advantageous embodiment, the adjacent holding devices are rotatable independently of one another. Particularly preferably, the holding devices are also movable independently of one another in a longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms. This allows not only transport of the plastic preforms but also a lifting and lowering movement, particularly in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms.

[0071] The present invention is further directed to a transport device for transporting containers and in particular plastic preforms, which has at least one holding device and preferably a plurality of holding devices of the type described above.

[0072] In a further advantageous embodiment, the holding devices are made at least partially of a material that is not or only slightly heatable by microwaves. This material is advantageously selected from a group of materials that includes, for example, PTFE, PEI, PP, AL2O3, or the like.

[0073] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device has a shielding device which at least partially prevents microwaves from escaping from the applicator device.

[0074] This shielding device serves, in particular, to shield and / or reduce the escape of microwaves from the applicator device. In a preferred embodiment, this shielding device is constructed in several stages, preferably at least two stages. Therefore, the shielding device is preferably constructed from several elements or shielding units. Therefore, the shielding device preferably has at least two shielding units, each of which preferably serves to shield microwaves and which are preferably arranged one behind the other in a direction of travel of the microwaves.

[0075] These shielding units are preferably constructed differently and shield the microwaves based on different principles. The shielding units are preferably formed from a group of shielding units containing cutoff elements (or cutoff structures), chokes, absorbers, and radiation-tight structures.

[0076] Within the cutoff structure, the waveguide is locally narrowed to such an extent that a portion of the microwaves are not coupled out and / or propagated, and are thus shielded and / or attenuated. Within the choke device, the microwaves are shielded and / or attenuated preferably by destructive interference. Within the absorber, microwaves are absorbed in fluids or solids. Radiation-tight structures include metallically conductive surfaces or gratings with a mesh size much smaller than the wavelength.

[0077] The shielding unit is preferably constructed in at least three stages. In a further preferred embodiment, a cutoff structure is firstly arranged adjacent to the applicator device. This cutoff structure is preferably followed by a choke device as a second shielding unit. Preferably, at least one shielding unit is arranged directly on the applicator device. Particularly preferably, the cutoff structure and / or the choke device are arranged in particular on the applicator device.

[0078] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one shielding device and / or a step of the shielding device has a structure of a plurality of projections. These projections can be designed as rods, preferably as rods or projections that extend perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms.

[0079] These projections are preferably regularly formed and, in particular, are regularly spaced from one another. It would be possible for these projections to be of identical design. The projections could also be arranged in one plane.

[0080] In a further preferred embodiment, the cutoff structure has a waveguide-like depression which has the function of a quarter-wave trap.

[0081] As mentioned above, the applicator device preferably has a slot through which the plastic preforms are guided. Advantageously, the applicator device also has an opening at a starting region and an end region, namely in the entry region of the plastic preforms and in the exit region of the plastic preforms. In principle, microwave radiation can escape from these slots or openings, which should be prevented if possible.

[0082] The following measures, which serve to prevent microwaves from escaping from the applicator and / or resonator, can also be applied without the invention described above, i.e., in particular, without the feature that rotation devices for rotating the plastic preforms are present and / or that the transport device is arranged at least partially outside the application device. These measures serve to reduce the occurrence of microwaves outside the housing of the machines or the applicator device, and in particular to reduce it to a value that is less than 10 mW / cm², preferably less than 2.5 mW / cm², in a wavelength range of 915 MHz.

[0083] Preferably, at least one region of the applicator device and preferably at least one wall of the applicator device is at least partially equipped with a plurality of projections that prevent microwave leakage. This wall particularly preferably extends beyond the slot through which the plastic preforms are guided. Advantageously, this wall with the projections extends beyond all of the aforementioned slots or openings of the applicator device. These projections, hereinafter also referred to as chokes, are a plurality of projections that preferably extend from this wall perpendicular to the slot and / or perpendicular to the transport direction of the plastic preforms.

[0084] These projections can each be pin-shaped and point in the direction of the transport path of the plastic preforms. In a preferred embodiment, the wall of the applicator device is therefore preferably equipped with a plurality of such projections, preferably at least one, and particularly preferably exactly one, wall of the applicator device. Preferably, at least one region of this wall is equipped with projections, which is outside the applicator device or outside the region in which the plastic preforms are heated.

[0085] These projections or structures are advantageously made of metal (or, if necessary, of dielectric materials) to prevent the escape of microwaves. Additionally or alternatively, microwave-absorbing structures can be used. In a preferred embodiment, the material of the channel or gap through which the plastic preforms are transported is formed as a combination of chokes and structures made of absorbing material.

[0086] These can preferably be dielectric and / or metallic materials. In a preferred embodiment, these projections are formed from a plurality of rows of metallic projections. Cutoff waveguides and / or cutoff structures are preferably provided with dimensions that depend on the frequency and prevent further propagation of the waves. These cutoff structures could, for example, be implemented as a narrow slot. In a further preferred embodiment, absorber structures are present that provide high absorption for the waves and reduce radiation. These absorber structures could be connected to the cutoff structures.

[0087] Preferably, however, these projections do not extend into the actual application device or into the area where the plastic preforms are actually heated. Advantageously, however, the wall extends beyond said slots, and said projections are arranged in the areas extending beyond the slots.

[0088] Alternatively or additionally, other absorber devices and / or protective devices can also be provided, which are preferably not connected to the applicator device. In this embodiment, the narrower region of the housing is formed with structures made of absorbing materials (these could also be grid-like structures, for example) that absorb the microwave radiation emerging from the channel of the applicator device.

[0089] The components of the housing are designed to reduce microwave radiation below the legally permissible limit.

[0090] Preferably, the inlet and outlet slots of the housing are equipped with projections that reduce microwave leakage to the legally permissible value specified above. The inlet and outlet areas of the housing are preferably equipped with a combination of projections and structures made of absorbing or non-absorbing materials to reduce microwave leakage. Furthermore, the channel of the applicator device is preferably equipped with additional cutoff waveguides or cutoff structures to reduce microwave leakage.

[0091] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises a tuning device (hereinafter also referred to as a tuner), which is suitable and intended, among other things, for regulating the heating power for the plastic preforms. Tuning devices (tuners) are provided to adjust the resonant frequency of the applicator device at different filling levels with plastic preforms and, in particular, to adapt it to the frequency of the microwave. These tuning devices can preferably be located in a channel adjoining the applicator device.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, the tuning device is suitable and intended for tuning a resonant frequency of the applicator and a transmission frequency of the microwave generating device to one another. This tuning is particularly preferably achieved by changing and / or adjusting the resonant frequency. Thus, the tuning device preferably comprises means suitable and intended for effecting a change in the resonant frequency.

[0093] The resonant frequency is understood to mean, in particular, the frequency at which the microwaves are applied to the plastic preforms and / or the frequency that results when the applicator or resonator is at least partially and preferably completely filled (with plastic preforms). This resonant frequency is preferably tunable.

[0094] The transmission frequency is the frequency at which the microwave generating device radiates. This transmission frequency cannot be changed, at least when using a magnetron (although it can change with a power change). When using a solid-state microwave source, the transmission frequency can also be changed.

[0095] Preferably, the adjustment or tuning is carried out for filled or partially filled applicator devices. Partially filled applicator devices can occur particularly during start-up processes or during emptying processes, in which either new plastic preforms are fed into the applicator device (e.g., after the start of operation) or the applicator device is run empty. The adjustment or tuning can be regulated and / or controlled depending on the applicator's loading status and / or physical parameters of the microwave field.

[0096] In general, the heating performance depends on several influencing factors, in particular the available microwave power, an aperture setting, a coupling, a tuner setting, a material and a temperature of the plastic preform and a transport speed.

[0097] Different tuning concepts can preferably be provided. For example, slow tuning concepts can be provided, which are suitable for the entire frequency range and which can supply partially filled and fully filled applicator devices. These tuning concepts can also enable the heating of plastic preforms with low masses as well as plastic preforms with high masses. In this case, the tuning device can comprise a movable block made of dielectric material, which is preferably arranged at the rear end of the applicator (in the region of the last maximum of the standing wave pattern of the applicator device).

[0098] In addition, a fast tuning device concept can be provided, which is intended for a limited frequency range, in order to compensate for the rapidly changing divergence between the resonant frequency of the applicator device and the microwave source. This can be caused by a periodic change in the resonant frequency of the applicator device when the plastic preforms move through the standing wave or standing wave pattern of the applicator device. In addition, this can be achieved by rapid changes in the central frequency of the microwave source (particularly in the case of a solid-state source). Alternatively or additionally, a rotating structure made of dielectric and / or metallic material can be provided, which is preferably arranged close to a maximum of the standing wave pattern of the applicator device.

[0099] Preferably, the tuning element or tuning device is made of a material selected from a group of materials including AL 2 O 3 , PTFA, PTFE, quartz, PEI (polyetherimide), Igus A500®, and the like. Preferably, an adjustable metal short circuit with a choke is provided, which effectively limits the dimensions of the resonator or the cavity or waveguide. In a further preferred embodiment, at least one end of the applicator device is open in the transport direction. In a further preferred embodiment, both ends of the applicator device, i.e. both the end in the transport direction of the plastic preforms and the end opposite to the transport direction of the plastic preforms, are open. In this way, the plastic preforms can be introduced into the applicator device easily and, in particular, without any movement in their longitudinal direction.However, it would also be possible for the plastic preforms to be introduced into the applicator device in such a way that they enter the applicator device at an initial area through a raising or lowering movement and are then withdrawn from the applicator device at the other end. While this embodiment would eliminate the need for two ends of the applicator device and damping in this area, it would require a more complex mechanism to introduce the plastic preforms into the applicator device.

[0100] In a further advantageous embodiment, the tuning device comprises at least one rotatable tuning element (or tuning structure). Particularly preferably, the tuning device comprises at least two rotatable tuning elements, wherein these tuning elements are particularly preferably rotatable relative to mutually parallel axes of rotation.

[0101] Particularly preferably, these at least two tuning elements are arranged opposite one another with respect to the transport path of the plastic preforms, and / or the transport path of the plastic preforms runs between these two tuning elements. Particularly preferably, the tuning elements are arranged symmetrically with respect to the transport path of the plastic preforms.

[0102] In a further embodiment, more than two such tuning elements are provided. Particularly preferably, at least four, preferably at least six, such tuning elements are provided.

[0103] In a further preferred embodiment, an even number of such tuning elements is provided. In a further advantageous embodiment, two tuning elements are located opposite each other with respect to the transport path of the plastic preforms.

[0104] In a further preferred embodiment, the individual tuning elements are rotatable independently of one another. However, it is also possible and preferred for the rotations of two tuning elements that are opposite one another with respect to the transport path of the plastic preforms to be coupled to one another with respect to their rotation. This coupling can be achieved both mechanically and via the control of the respective drive devices of the tuning devices. These drive devices can, in particular, be electric motor drive devices. Such a coupling can ensure that the tuning elements opposite one another with respect to the transport path are always in a corresponding or likewise symmetrical rotational position.

[0105] In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one tuning element is rotatable with respect to a rotation axis which is parallel to a longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms to be heated

[0106] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one tuning element and preferably a plurality of tuning elements and preferably all tuning elements are arranged in a region of the applicator device that is located close to a maximum of the standing wave pattern of the applicator device. By being close to the maximum is meant that the distance between the tuning element and / or its geometric axis of rotation on the one hand and the maximum is smaller than the distance between the tuning element and / or its geometric axis of rotation on the one hand and the minimum of the standing wave pattern. The distance to the maximum is preferably less than half as large as the distance to the minimum, preferably less than a third as large, preferably less than a quarter as large, and particularly preferably less than a fifth as large.

[0107] Preferably, the tuning elements or structures can be rotated differently or synchronously, both per maximum and per side of the applicator device. An embodiment in which the symmetry with respect to the axis in the transport direction of the transport path is maintained is particularly preferred.

[0108] In a further preferred embodiment, the tuning elements are made of a dielectric and / or metallic material.

[0109] In a further preferred embodiment, the tuning elements have a circular segment-shaped cross-section and in particular a semicircular cross-section.

[0110] In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one tuning element, and preferably several tuning elements, are integrated into a wall. This wall can have recesses in which the tuning elements are installed. Thus, the walls could have gaps in which the rotational axes of the tuning elements are located.

[0111] It would be conceivable for the tuning elements to have a semicircular cross-section and be retracted into the wall to a greater or lesser extent depending on the rotational position. Thus, in one rotational position, the semicircular cross-section could protrude completely from the wall and be completely retracted into the wall in another rotational position.

[0112] Preferably, the tuning elements are rotatable through an angle of rotation that is greater than 90°, preferably greater than 180°, preferably greater than 210°, preferably greater than 240°, preferably greater than 270° and particularly preferably greater than 300°.

[0113] Preferably, the tuning elements are rotatable through an angle of rotation that is less than 370°, preferably less than 360°, preferably less than 350°, preferably less than 340°, preferably less than 330° and particularly preferably less than 320°.

[0114] In a further preferred embodiment, the wall is also made of a dielectric and / or a metallic material. In a preferred embodiment, said wall is also arranged within the applicator device.

[0115] In a further preferred embodiment, said wall extends along the transport direction of the plastic preforms. In a further preferred embodiment, the wall extends in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms.

[0116] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one tuning element is provided, which is movable in its longitudinal direction relative to the applicator device. Thus, the at least one tuning element, and preferably the plurality of tuning elements, can be retracted into an opening and / or withdrawn from the applicator device.

[0117] The shifting or retraction of these tuning elements can be done as in the case of a 3 stub tuner.

[0118] Preferably, several such tuning elements are provided, as described above. These can be arranged symmetrically with respect to the transport path and can also be designed as described above for the rotatable tuning elements. It is also possible for these tuning elements to be located near the maxima of the electric field.

[0119] It would also be possible for the tuning elements to be both rotatable and movable in their longitudinal direction.

[0120] In a further preferred embodiment, the applicator device is suitable and intended for applying a temperature profile to the plastic preforms that varies along their longitudinal direction. This would make it possible for some areas of the plastic preforms to be heated more strongly than others, for example, a base area to be heated more strongly than a central area of ​​the plastic preforms. Such a configuration can be particularly advantageous for a downstream forming process using a stretch blow molding machine.

[0121] In a further advantageous embodiment, the applicator device comprises metallic and / or dielectric elements, wherein these metallic and / or dielectric elements are preferably interchangeable and / or a position of these elements is variable. These metallic and / or dielectric elements serve, in particular, to specifically effect a field change in order to apply a field to the plastic preforms that changes in their longitudinal direction, thus heating the plastic preforms differently in their longitudinal direction.

[0122] In a further preferred embodiment, these elements are movable, in particular displaceable and / or rotatable. The device preferably has at least one drive device for moving these elements. This is, in particular, an electric motor drive. Furthermore, it is conceivable for these elements to be interchangeable, thus achieving adaptability of the applicator device.

[0123] In a further advantageous embodiment, the position and / or orientation of the metallic and / or dielectric elements can be changed in a controlled manner. It is thus conceivable to provide a closed-loop and / or closed-loop control system for the applicator device, which, for example, changes the position and / or orientation of the metallic and / or dielectric elements in response to a desired temperature profile of the plastic preforms and, in particular, controls the aforementioned drive that moves these elements. This control system could be integrated into the overall control system of the system.

[0124] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device has at least one first sensor device that detects the temperature of the plastic preforms. This sensor device is particularly preferably suitable and intended for contactless detection of the heating or temperature of the plastic preforms. This sensor device is particularly preferably suitable and intended for detecting the temperature of the plastic preforms during their movement. The sensor device is particularly preferably a so-called pyrometer.

[0125] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device has at least one second sensor device that detects the temperature of the plastic preforms. Advantageously, the first temperature measuring device and the second temperature measuring device are arranged at different positions along the movement path of the plastic preforms. In this way, a temperature gradient or heating of the plastic preforms can also be determined. This data can be used, as mentioned above, to control and / or regulate the device.

[0126] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device comprises a control device that enables control and, in particular, regulation of the heating device, particularly real-time regulation. More specifically, the performance of the heating devices or the applicator device can be precisely matched to the rotation, movement, and temperature of the plastic preforms.

[0127] In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises at least one, preferably two or more, for example, three, microwave applicator devices. It is conceivable that the temperature is measured with a pyrometer or an IR camera, for example, at the inlet, in an applicator device, between the applicator devices, or downstream of the applicator devices.

[0128] Since the dielectric loss factor is temperature-dependent, it is advantageous if the temperature of the plastic preforms lies within a limited temperature range before processing with the MW heating device. This can be achieved, for example, by pre-tempering, which can be carried out using microwaves, but also warm air, IR radiation, or a laser. For example, the plastic preforms can be pre-tempered in a first heating stage and brought to the same temperature. Subsequent tempering would also be possible, i.e., tempering after the microwave tempering described here. Simultaneous and / or combined tempering would also be possible.

[0129] For this purpose, it is possible, for example, to measure the temperature of the plastic preforms upstream of a first applicator using a first sensor device, such as a first pyrometer. Subsequently, the power and / or residence time of the plastic preforms in this first applicator is adjusted so that a uniformly tempered stream of plastic preforms arrives downstream of the first applicator. This can be checked, if necessary, using a second sensor device. The desired remaining temperature profile can then be applied in subsequent applicator devices. A control system can be provided, which can be installed either centrally or decentrally and controls and preferably regulates the system.

[0130] Preferably, the device comprises a further sensor device that determines the temperature of the plastic preforms. After the plastic preforms have left the last temperature control device (IR oven, microwave oven, laser, hot air, cooling air, or temperature control plates), the temperature profile can be measured again, and the container can then be stretch-blown. The blow-molded container can then be checked again, for example, with regard to wall thickness distribution.

[0131] In a preferred embodiment, the device therefore also comprises a blow molding device, such as a stretch blow molding machine, arranged downstream of the heating device. Furthermore, the device preferably also comprises an inspection device that is suitable and intended for inspecting the finished blow-molded containers, particularly with regard to wall thickness distribution.

[0132] It is possible for all data, such as inlet temperature, intermediate temperature, tuning settings, forward and reverse power, temperature element position, frequency, outlet temperature, heater control variables, additional cooling, blow curve recording, stretching force, and even outlet control data, specifically wall thickness, to be recorded in one or more IPCs and used for self-regulation of the process. This means that if the target wall thickness deviates within a certain range, a temperature control element in an application device may need to be adjusted to regain the desired wall thickness profile. In particular, the final temperature before the stretch blow molding process can be used as an important control variable, since this considers the pure heating process and only its effects on the final container quality.

[0133] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises a sensor device that is suitable and intended to detect escaping microwaves. In particular, microwaves that (unintentionally) escape from the applicator device are to be detected.

[0134] In principle, the applicator device should be designed to prevent critical microwave leaks. Should this occur, it is advantageous, for example, to build a metallically conductive protective housing around the system. Such a leakage measuring device can then measure whether microwave energy is present within the protective device. If this exceeds a preset limit, the microwave energy is switched off. However, it is also conceivable to install a second measuring device for measuring leaks outside the protective device. This can monitor a legal limit and can also switch off the system if a preset threshold is exceeded. The device therefore advantageously has a first leakage measuring device and a second leakage measuring device.

[0135] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device has a sensor device which detects disturbances and in particular plasma arcs.

[0136] Since PET has a low dielectric loss factor, a high field density is required in the applicator device. This, in turn, can lead to plasma ignition and microwave leakage. To prevent damage to the applicator device in the event of plasma ignition, it is proposed to have a detector or sensor device (especially, but not exclusively, a photodiode) looking into the applicator device or resonator to immediately detect possible plasma ignitions.

[0137] In this case, a control device can cause the microwave energy supply to be switched off. Such a control device preferably reacts within 100 µs, preferably within 10 µs. It is possible for each applicator device to be assigned such a sensor device. However, it would also be possible for multiple applicator devices to be protected by a single sensor device.

[0138] It would also be possible to temporarily reduce or turn off the energy supply to burn off any threads or impurities at the injection point, and then eliminate the plasma when the injection is restarted. Plastic preforms could also be ejected.

[0139] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises a sensor device that detects a geometric shape of the plastic preforms and, in particular but not exclusively, a preform length or a preform diameter. Detection can also be performed to determine whether a plastic preform is present. With a microwave heating device, it is advantageous to place functional elements in the resonator close to the tip of the plastic preforms. Therefore, it can be disadvantageous for the system if the plastic preforms are too long. Therefore, within the scope of this embodiment, it is proposed to install an inspection device upstream of the actual heating device.This can, for example, detect physical properties such as length, thickness, dielectric properties, contamination, defective plastic preforms, threads at the injection point, deformed mouthpieces, a crooked fit in the holding devices and the like.

[0140] Particularly preferably, an ejection device can also be provided, which ejects the respective plastic preforms before they enter the applicator device. Such an inspection system can, for example, be a light barrier, a camera, an inductive or capacitive measuring device, or a small measuring resonator, or can contain one or more of these elements.

[0141] A light barrier or a mechanical sensor that scans the flow of plastic preforms can also be present while the plastic preform is heating. This can also detect slipping from a holding device and, for example, stop the machine.

[0142] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises a cooling device, in particular for cooling the microwave generator and / or the applicator device. For this purpose, a liquid cooling system can preferably be provided. In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises a sensor device, in particular a flow monitor, which monitors this cooling.

[0143] For example, it is possible for a shutdown to occur if the temperature of an applicator device or a microwave generating device rises above a predetermined limit.

[0144] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises a cooling device for cooling a mouth region of the plastic preform. For example, an air cooling system can be provided, which exposes the mouth region of the plastic preform to cool air. However, other regions of the plastic preform could also be cooled.

[0145] In a further advantageous embodiment, the applicator device is designed such that it enables a temperature profile in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms, i.e., different temperature ranges are applied in different longitudinal regions of the plastic preforms. This can be achieved, in particular, by modifying the electric field within the applicator device. This can be achieved, for example, by permanently installed or adjustable dielectric and / or metallic functional elements located in the applicator. Such functional elements can preferably be replaced like fittings. Adjustment can be motorized and preferably also effected by a control system in order to achieve a desired temperature profile.

[0146] With regard to the machine layout, it would also be possible to design the present heating device as a rotary device and in this case to provide an applicator device which has a circular profile.

[0147] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device comprises functional elements arranged within the applicator device, which are preferably movable and enable adaptation of a microwave field within the applicator device. As mentioned above, this allows adaptation to the various plastic preforms known from the prior art.

[0148] The device preferably comprises a plurality of functional elements, which are particularly preferably movable and / or adjustable independently of one another. Particularly preferably, the functional elements are movable in a direction perpendicular to the transport path of the plastic preforms or have at least one component perpendicular to the transport path of the plastic preforms.

[0149] Preferably, the device has at least two such functional elements, which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the transport path of the plastic preforms.

[0150] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one functional element, and preferably at least two functional elements, are adjustable and / or movable in such a way that symmetry is maintained with respect to an axis in the transport direction of the transport path of the plastic preforms. These functional elements are preferably also moved accordingly during the process.

[0151] These functional elements can be designed as plate-like bodies arranged within the applicator device. It would also be possible for the functional elements to be designed as strips. Preferably, a longitudinal direction of these functional elements extends along the transport path of the plastic preforms and / or perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the plastic preforms.

[0152] In a further advantageous embodiment, the functional elements consist of at least one and preferably of different metallic and / or dielectric materials.

[0153] In a further preferred embodiment, the at least one functional element, and preferably a plurality of functional elements, are arranged on rod-like supports. Therefore, the at least one functional element is preferably held in a position spaced apart from a wall of the applicator device.

[0154] In a further preferred embodiment, at least one functional element is arranged adjacent to a crest or an end section, and in particular a closed end section, of the plastic preforms. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one functional element is arranged below said crest of the plastic preforms, and in particular directly below this crest. This functional element is preferably movable and / or adjustable in a vertical direction.

[0155] In a further advantageous embodiment, the heating device can have different waveguide designs. For example, rectangular waveguides, circular waveguides, elliptical waveguides, hexagonal waveguides, ridge waveguides, and the like can be provided.

[0156] In a further advantageous embodiment, additional protective elements are provided in an area of ​​the slot through which microwaves could escape. For example, λ / 4 traps could be provided in these areas. Brushes with metallic bristles could also be provided to attenuate the microwave power escaping from the application device.

[0157] In a further advantageous embodiment, the heating device also comprises an infrared heating module. This infrared heating module can be used, in particular, for pre-heating the plastic preforms.

[0158] Furthermore, the device comprises at least one and preferably a plurality of transport devices, which are suitable and intended for transporting the plastic preforms to the applicator device. These can, for example, also be so-called pitch-deformation stars, which are suitable and intended for changing the pitch of the plastic preforms during their transport.

[0159] In some cases, current or state-of-the-art transport variants can be used, which are already used as standard in the infrared process. This transport variant can also be implemented, if necessary with modifications, with the linear microwave heating unit described here. It would even be possible for one heating device to supply several downstream molding machines, for example, blow molding machines. In addition, such systems can also include machine components such as sterilization devices. As mentioned above, the applicator device is preferably arranged stationary, and the plastic preforms move relative to the applicator device.

[0160] However, it would also be conceivable for the plastic preforms to be stationary and the applicator device to move, for example, relative to the plastic preforms. In particular, however, the applicator device and the plastic preforms move relative to each other. This movement occurs, in particular, in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms.

[0161] A heating process of the heating devices described here is advantageously suitable for plastic preforms in which hot or cold filling material is either added directly into the plastic preform to form the container, or the container is later filled with hot medium and then recooled. In such an embodiment, a microwave heating unit can be located upstream of an intermediate module and upstream of a molding process, for example, a blow molding machine. Within the scope of a so-called hot-fill process, increased requirements regarding preform temperatures and an increase in the crystalline content of the PET material during heating can also be added as a special feature.

[0162] Furthermore, it is also conceivable for an aseptic blow molding machine, with or without an isolator, to be connected to the heating device. For example, an intermediate module can be provided, which could be a dry aseptic module, a wet aseptic module, an irradiation device that irradiates the plastic preforms with electromagnetic radiation, or the like. It is possible for the heating device described here and / or an intermediate module or a blow molding machine to be sealed by a bulkhead in a bacterially gas-tight, liquid-tight, or similar manner.

[0163] It would also be possible for the heating device itself to be designed as a sterile area, with appropriate precautions taken. For example, a filter or cleaning system could be provided. In addition, a separation between a wet and a dry section of a sterilization device could also be implemented in this area.

[0164] It would also be conceivable for a sterilizing agent such as liquid H2O2 to be introduced into the preform before the heating device and then activated in the heating device using a microwave.

[0165] Various transport devices can be considered. As mentioned above, in addition to transport chains, shuttles or linear motor-driven movers can also be used. A conveyor belt can also be used.

[0166] The transport speed of the plastic preforms within the applicator device can be uneven or even uniform. An uneven speed would have the advantage that areas in the applicator device or resonator where the resonator's E-field is minimal can be bridged more quickly than areas with a maximum. This would allow the plastic preform to be heated more quickly. Alternatively, however, a uniform speed for the plastic preform to be moved through the applicator device is also possible.

[0167] For example, a design that is approximately known could be used, in which several plastic preforms are placed at a fixed distance in the resonator (for example, via a belt or chain) and rotated relative to the preform's longitudinal axis via mechanical-pneumatic or mechatronic components, such as a chain drive, a servo drive, and the like. Alternative transport options could, as mentioned above, be movers that move independently of one another on a magnetic track or similar, thus implementing irregular or uniform movements in the applicator device.

[0168] An uneven movement has the advantage that, for example, minima of an electric field can be bridged more quickly, thus reducing the overall heating time. Furthermore, several plastic preforms can be placed at a fixed distance in the applicator device and moved accordingly.

[0169] The rotation of the plastic preforms can be achieved, for example, via a central chain drive or a toothed belt or the like (e.g., servo drives, electromechanical drives, pneumatic drives, and / or mechanical drives). It would be possible for the individual plastic preforms to be rotated at uniform rotational speeds, although these rotational speeds can preferably be varied. This can be achieved by appropriate movements of a toothed belt. This toothed belt can, for example, drive gears arranged on the respective holding devices and coupled to a gripping device, thereby rotating the plastic preforms.

[0170] In addition, a gripper on a cam disk could also be used to achieve direct transport within the heating module. Intelligent kinematics of the system could also enable smooth or irregular movement within the applicator device.

[0171] As mentioned above, the plastic preforms can be transferred to the applicator device from above, from the side, or theoretically from below. As mentioned above, these open sides should be protected against radiation leakage. In a further advantageous embodiment, the device has a turning device that is suitable and intended for reversing the orientation of the plastic preforms. For example, the plastic preforms could be turned such that they are transported through the applicator device with their mouth facing downwards. This would have the advantage of making it easier to cool the mouth areas of the plastic preforms.

[0172] The transport devices in and out of the applicator device or heating device can be designed analogously to the state of the art with pitch-delay starwheels or sawtooth starwheels, or they can be transferred to the subsequent processing steps or removed from a previous loading device using mover belts or other transport systems. The advantage of belts or movers could be the more variable process. For example, the transport device could have a corresponding rail system with a heating device, several molding machines, and the like, which can be used to supply a movement device such as a mover and corresponding branches. This could also be realized, for example, with delay starwheels or belts, or air conveyors or the like.

[0173] As mentioned above, targeted cooling of specific areas of the plastic preforms during transport is also advantageous. During the heating phase or after the heating phase, or even during a transfer phase after the heating phase, a local reduction in temperature can be achieved, for example, using a nozzle device such as a Vortec nozzle. Surface cooling can also be achieved by contacting an area of ​​the plastic preform with a cooling element. It can also be advantageous to cool the plastic preform simultaneously during the heating phase in order to protect certain areas of the plastic preform from overheating or to achieve a specific temperature profiling. It might also be possible to cool the plastic preform to a certain, definable temperature and to set up the cooling as a control circuit.A manipulated variable, which is used to operate a fan or the like, can also be a controlled variable by means of which the temperature of the plastic preforms is adjusted.

[0174] In a further advantageous embodiment, the device has an ejection device for sorting out defective plastic preforms. These may be defective, for example, due to their material or geometry, or even due to processing errors. In the event of an incorrect temperature profile or another defect in the plastic preforms, it should be possible to eject this plastic preform, particularly individually, from a mold wheel or another processing station or a transport device. This can be done via actuators that push the plastic preform out of the process. These can be operated mechanically, electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically, or electromechanically, for example. In this case, detection of a defect or an incorrect transport profile can preferably take place in advance, particularly in a contactless manner.

[0175] The present invention is further directed to a method for heating plastic preforms, wherein the plastic preforms are transported by a transport device along a predetermined transport path. The transport device has holding devices for holding the plastic preforms, and this transport path has at least one heating section within which the plastic preforms are heated. Furthermore, at least one heating device - in particular a stationary one - is arranged at least partially along the transport path and heats the plastic preforms transported by the transport device during their transport through the heating section. The heating device has an applicator device, in particular a stationary one, which applies microwaves to the plastic preforms to heat them.

[0176] According to the invention, the transport device is arranged relative to the applicator device, at least in the heating section, in such a way that at least a portion of the holding elements is arranged outside the applicator device. Therefore, it is also proposed in the method that at least one component of the heating device does not extend within or through the applicator device.

[0177] In a further method according to the invention, plastic preforms are also transported along a predetermined transport path by a transport device, wherein the transport device has holding elements for holding the plastic preforms and wherein this transport path has at least one heating section within which the plastic preforms are heated. Furthermore, a heating device is provided, which is arranged, in particular, stationary at least in sections along the transport path and which heats the plastic preforms transported by the transport device during their transport through the heating section. The heating device has, in particular, a stationary applicator device, which applies microwaves to the plastic preforms to heat them.According to the invention, the plastic preforms are rotated at least temporarily with respect to their longitudinal direction, in particular during heating. Advantageously, the plastic preforms are both transported and rotated with respect to their longitudinal direction, at least temporarily.

[0178] In particular, the microwaves are coupled into the applicator device. It would be conceivable in principle for the microwaves to be generated within the applicator device, but here it is proposed that the microwaves be generated outside the applicator device and coupled into the applicator device. This coupling of the microwaves takes place, in particular, via a hollow waveguide.

[0179] As mentioned above, a device for forming plastic preforms into plastic containers and in particular plastic bottles can be arranged downstream of the heating device described here.

[0180] The device for forming plastic preforms into plastic containers is preferably a blow molding machine. This means that the plastic preforms are first thermally conditioned in a heating section and then expanded by exposure to a liquid or gaseous medium. The flowable medium is preferably pressurized. For supplying the pressurized medium, the device has a blow nozzle, which can be sealingly applied to an opening of the plastic preforms in order to expand the plastic preforms with the liquid or gaseous medium. In addition, a valve arrangement is preferably also provided, which controls the supply of blow air to the plastic preforms.

[0181] The blow molding machine is preferably a stretch blow molding machine, meaning that the preforms are stretched longitudinally by means of a stretching rod before and / or during expansion. The blow molding stations each have stretching rods that can be inserted into the plastic preforms and stretch the plastic preforms longitudinally. The stretching rods are preferably electric-driven.

[0182] In an advantageous embodiment, a plurality of blow-molding stations are arranged on a common movable carrier. This carrier is in particular a rotatable carrier. The blow-molding stations each have a blow-molding device, which preferably forms a cavity within which the plastic preforms can be expanded to form the plastic containers. These blow-molding devices are preferably designed in several parts and have two blow-molding halves and a base mold. These blow-molding halves are preferably detachably arranged on a mold carrier shell or on the blow-molding carriers. The blow-molding carriers can be pivoted relative to one another in order to open and close the blow-molding devices. In addition, the blow-molding carrier has locking mechanisms for locking the mold halves against one another during the blow-molding process.

[0183] Particularly preferably, the blow molding machine or the carrier and the blow mold assemblies are arranged within a clean room, which separates the blow molding machine from a non-sterile environment. Drive devices for closing, locking, and / or opening the blow molds are preferably arranged outside the clean room.

[0184] The blow molding devices are preferably transported within the cleanroom. The cleanroom is preferably defined by several walls. The cleanroom is preferably defined by at least one stationary wall and a wall moving relative to this stationary wall. The cleanroom separates the blow molds, in particular, from a non-sterile environment. The cleanroom is advantageously designed in a ring or torus shape around the blow molding stations or forming stations and / or the transport path of the plastic containers.

[0185] Further advantages and embodiments can be seen from the attached drawings.

[0186] Showing: Fig. 1 a, bTwo representations of a device according to the invention; Fig. 2 a, bTwo representations to illustrate applicator principles; Fig. 3 a, bTwo representations of an applicator device; Fig. 4 a - 4 cThree representations of an applicator device; Fig. 5 a - 5 dFour representations of an applicator device; Fig. 6 a - 6 cThree representations of a tuning device; Fig. 7 a, 7 b, 7 c, 7 d, 7 eFive representations of field distributions in the applicator device; Fig. 8 a - 8 dFour representations of damping devices; Fig. 9 a - 9 dFour representations of layouts for applicator devices; Fig. 10 a - 10 dFour representations to illustrate a control of the applicator devices; Fig. 11 a - 11 f Six representations of holding devices for plastic preforms; Fig. 12a - 12d Four representations of the functionality of a functional element; Fig. 13a - 13d Four representations illustrating temperature control; and Fig.14a - respectively representations of a device according to the invention in a further embodiment.

[0187] Figure 1 Figure a shows a schematic structure of a device 1 according to the invention for heating plastic preforms 10. This device 1 has a transport device 2 on which a plurality of holding devices 200 are arranged. These holding devices can be moved along the arrow. The transport device can preferably have a rotating carrier on which the individual holding elements are movably arranged. The holding devices each have internal grippers, described in more detail below, which each engage in the mouths 10a of the plastic preforms 10.

[0188] Reference numeral 40 schematically denotes an applicator device through which the plastic preforms are transported and in which the plastic preforms are exposed to microwaves. For this purpose, microwaves are generated and, as indicated by the small vertical arrow, coupled into the applicator device 40. Tuning elements, described in more detail below, can be present in the region of a waveguide output. Reference numeral E denotes a heating region within which the plastic preforms 10 are heated. This heating region extends along the applicator device in the transport direction of the plastic preforms.

[0189] The reference numeral 6 denotes a first damping device which serves to dampen or attenuate microwaves emerging from the applicator.

[0190] The reference numerals 16 refer to further damping devices which can be provided on the end faces of the applicator device, i.e. at the points where the plastic preforms enter and exit the applicator device.

[0191] A device 1 according to the invention can have a plurality of applicator devices arranged one behind the other in the transport direction of the plastic preforms. As mentioned above, the applicator devices can have either a straight or a curved path.

[0192] Reference numeral 50 roughly schematically designates a rotating device which causes rotation of the individual holding devices 200 and also of the plastic preforms 10 arranged thereon. As mentioned above, this rotating device can comprise, for example, a toothed belt (not shown) on which corresponding gear wheels of the holding device run, thus causing rotation of the holding devices.

[0193] Figure 1 bshows a view of the device in the transport direction of the plastic preforms. Here, too, the holding device 200 is shown, on which the plastic preform 10 is arranged. Reference numeral 46 denotes a gap within which the plastic preform is transported by the applicator device 40. Reference numeral 8 denotes a functional element, described in more detail below, which adjusts the field distribution inside the applicator device. Reference numeral 44 again denotes the tuning device, which serves to tune the wavelengths, as described in more detail below.

[0194] The Figures 2 a and 2 b show two basic principles for applying microwaves to plastic preforms. Figure 2 In the situation shown in Figure a, the microwaves are coupled into the applicator device by a microwave source 102 and here a coupling device 42. In the case of the Figure 2 bIn the situation shown, the microwaves in the applicator are generated from an alternating current source 106. Within the scope of the invention, particular reference is made to the Figure 2 a, in which microwaves are coupled into the applicator device.

[0195] The Figures 3 a, 3 bshow two embodiments of an applicator device 40. The gap 46 through which the plastic preforms are guided can be seen here again. Reference numeral 48 denotes an entry gap through which the plastic preforms enter the applicator and / or resonator. Reference numeral 42 denotes a feed device, such as a waveguide, through which the microwaves are coupled into the applicator device 40. Reference numeral 44 denotes an output or output device in the region of which the microwaves are coupled out of the application area of ​​the applicator device. Tuning devices, such as tuning pins or tuning plates described in more detail below, can also be provided in this region.

[0196] Figure 3 b shows a further embodiment of the applicator device 40. A design is shown that has no sharp edges, so that the risk of arcing is reduced.

[0197] The Figures 4 a to 4b show two designs of applicator devices. It is possible that the applicator device as in Figure 4 a is open on three sides. The plastic preforms can be introduced through a gap 48 and removed again on the other side. Furthermore, the applicator device can also be designed as shown in Figure 4 b shown, that is, having only one gap 46. In this case, the plastic preforms are immersed in this gap to be mentioned within the applicator device 40. The Figures 5 a to 5 dshow four embodiments of applicator devices. In each case, the feed devices 42 or the input waveguide 42 are provided, as well as the output waveguide. Reference numeral 60 roughly schematically designates a tuning device arranged within the output waveguide 44. This tuning device can be moved in a vertical direction to tune a wavelength and / or an intensity of the microwaves within the applicator device 40. Reference numerals 52 and 54 designate two deflection regions in which the microwaves are deflected into the applicator device 40. It can be seen that a deflection of 90° occurs here. The difference between those in the Figures 5 a and 5 b is that in the case of the Figure 5 a variant shown a polygonal transition is provided, whereas the corner areas in the variant shown in Figure 5 b shown embodiment are rounded.

[0198] A diaphragm (not shown) may be provided in the feed device 42 or coupling device 42 in order to couple the microwaves into the applicator device 40 in a controlled manner.

[0199] The Figures 5 c and 5 d show two different procedures for coupling microwaves into the applicator device 40. The reference numerals 10 refer here again to the transported plastic preforms. Figure 5d In the variant shown, the microwaves are coupled in from the bottom of the applicator device 40. The material channel is arranged on the top side of the applicator device. In the Figure 5 c In the variant shown, the microwaves are coupled into the applicator device from the left or right side. In both variants, a tuning device 60 can be provided. A protective window 62 can also be provided.

[0200] The Figures 6 a to 6 cshow three examples of the tuning device 60. In the Figure 6 In the variant shown in Figure a, a dielectric block 68 is provided within the tuning device, i.e., within the waveguide. This block is movable in the direction d and has a thickness w.

[0201] At the Figure 6 b In the variant shown, a rotatable dielectric and / or metallic material 70 is located in an area of ​​the tuning element 60. Depending on the rotational position of this material, the waveforms within the waveguide can also be adjusted. Figure 6 c In the variant shown, a short-circuit element 72 is arranged within the waveguide. This element is also movable and can change the effective length of the cavity or resonator.

[0202] In the Figures 7 a, 7 b, 7 c, 7 d and 7 e The wave generation within the applicator or resonator is explained. Figure 7The situation shown in Figure a depicts a traveling wave. If no boundary conditions exist, such as wave reflection, which would result in a standing wave pattern, the waveguide allows the wave to travel in a specific direction. Here, the field changes over time, and the positions of the maxima and minima are not fixed. Power is coupled into the waveguide and may be partially absorbed by elements within the waveguide, with the remaining energy preferentially fed into a terminal load, such as a water load.

[0203] As in Figure 7 bAs shown, there are no fixed positions of maxima and minima in this design. This approach offers the advantage of homogeneous heating because the maxima migrate through the applicator device. Energy transfer is possible in all positions. Power leaving the applicator device can be attenuated or dampened. An applicator of this type can also be operated empty or without any products to be heated.

[0204] As mentioned, within the scope of the invention, particular reference is made to microwaves, that is to say microwaves that are coupled into the applicator but are generated outside the applicator. Figure 7 cIn the embodiment shown, a standing wave forms, meaning there are fixed positions of maxima and minima. This approach allows for better control over the field distribution within the applicator device. A resonator allows for higher field strengths and thus greater absorption of the MW energy by substrates with a small absorption coefficient. The power is reflected within the applicator device. However, this design uses or requires a load, such as the plastic preforms to be heated.

[0205] It would preferably also be possible to use combinations of the methods shown here, i.e. a combination of an applicator device with a traveling wave (in particular for preheating to a certain uniform temperature) and a resonator to achieve profiling.

[0206] In the Figures 7 d and 7 edescribes how the heating length of the applicator device can be reduced. For a resonant TE10n applicator, the heating of the plastic preforms in the areas where the minimum of the standing wave occurs (the low-level area) is too low. To improve the heating efficiency of the applicator, a dielectric material (see Figure 7 e) introduced into the applicator device (such as quartz, PTFA, and the like). This material is placed particularly in those areas where low heating occurs. This improves the relationship between the high-heating areas and the low-heating areas and, as a direct result, shortens the overall length of the applicator (see Figure 7 e) .

[0207] The Figures 8 a to 8 d illustrate the attenuation of microwaves that may escape from the applicator device and / or the housing of the machine. Figure 8The illustration shown in Figure 1a shows the individual plastic preforms 10. Furthermore, a damping device, designated overall by 6, is provided, which serves to dampen microwaves emerging from the applicator device. This damping element or damping device has a carrier 63, on which a plurality of projections 61 are arranged, which here extend in the direction of the plastic preforms. Since the plastic preforms are moved by the applicator device and also by the damping device 6, this damping device 6 is optimized so that the effects on the holding elements for the plastic preforms, which are moved within this element, are also taken into account. Suitable materials that have low loss for these protective structures are, for example, as mentioned above, AL 2 O 3 , PTFA, PTFE, quartz, PEI, Igus A500 and the like.

[0208] In principle, the material of channel 45, through which the plastic preforms are transported, could be coated with a structure (e.g., thin plates) to separate the volume of this channel from the rest of the applicator device with a low-loss material. The idea is to reduce contamination of the applicator device and also to facilitate maintenance and servicing of the applicator device.

[0209] Coating the inner walls of the applicator is one possibility.

[0210] Another possibility is to construct a separating device made of dielectric material to separate the actual material channel (area of ​​the applicator through which the preforms pass) and the rest of the applicator.

[0211] In a preferred embodiment, the applicator device or channel 45 of the applicator device has an air purge system to reduce contamination of the applicator device. Thus, one or a plurality of air nozzles could be provided, which, in particular, temporarily supply the interior of the applicator device with air, for example, sterile air.

[0212] Figure 8 bshows a further illustration of the device according to the invention with the damping device 6 and additional lateral damping devices 16. The damping devices 16 and the damping device 6 can be formed on a common support 61 or 63, respectively. A plurality of projections 61 are also provided in the area of ​​the damping device 16. Reference numeral 45 designates the channel through which the plastic preforms, or more precisely, their base bodies, are conveyed. Here, too, the coupling device 42 can be seen, as well as the decoupling device 44, in which the tuning elements (not shown here) are also arranged.

[0213] Figure 8 cshows a further embodiment of an applicator device. In this case, metal blocks are provided as damping devices for the edge regions 16, which serve to cut off (non-traveling) waves. The above-mentioned projections 61 are again provided between these metal blocks.

[0214] Figure 8dshows an embodiment in which the plastic preform 10 is conveyed through the only partially shown space of the applicator device. Here, too, the damping device 6 is provided, which in particular ensures that the microwaves are damped in the region of the gap 46, within which the holding device 200 is transported. The holding device 200 here has three guide devices 251, 252 and 253, which serve to laterally guide the holding device 200. In the region of the circle, damping of microwave radiation is also provided so that it cannot escape from the resonator or the applicator device or is at least sufficiently dampened. As mentioned above, these can be, for example, metal brushes or the like. In addition, a λ / 4 trap can also be used for damping.

[0215] The Figures 9 a to 9 dshow several representations of different fixture layouts. Figure 9 In the variant shown in the upper image, a power source 92 is present, which supplies electrical power to several microwave generators 94 via two or more branches. These microwave generators 94 each supply microwave sources 96. Circulators and water loads 98 are connected to these microwave sources 96. The microwave power is then divided between two applicator devices 40 via a power splitter 95.

[0216] At the Figure 9In the variant shown in the lower figure, a power source 92 is also provided, but here only one microwave generator 94. This microwave generator 94 in turn supplies three or more microwave sources 96. Each microwave source 96 is assigned a water load or a circulator 98 and in each case an applicator device 40. However, it would also be possible to use the variants from Figure 9 a to combine with each other.

[0217] Other approaches could also be chosen. It would also be possible for several applicator devices to be supplied directly from one source via power splitters, or for power splitters to be arranged in series, with a power splitter initially distributed between two branches from a microwave source, and then further divided into two branches in each of these two branches via subsequent power units. Such a procedure is described in Fig. 9b shown.

[0218] At the Figure 9 cIn the embodiment shown, a microwave generator including a microwave source 96 is provided, which transmits the microwaves to a power splitter via a waveguide 78. Two applicators 40 are supplied from this power splitter. Reference numerals 73 and 74 denote sensor devices, which measure, for example, incoming power, absorbed power, impedance, or the like. The plastic preforms are transported along the arrows from one applicator device 40 to the next. Reference numeral 50 denotes a control device, which can, for example, also receive signals from the sensor devices 73 and 74 and, conversely, can control the power splitter 95. Furthermore, the control device 50 can also control the individual applicator devices 40, more precisely, the coupling elements 42 and the tuning devices 60.In addition, the control device 50 can also control the generator and the microwave source 96.

[0219] The control device 50 is preferably a control device so that control of the entire system is possible.

[0220] At the Figure 9 d In the situation shown, plastic preforms can be guided in two aisles, i.e., on parallel transport paths through several applicator devices 40 arranged one behind the other. It would also be possible to provide more than two article aisles or transport branches. In this way, the overall throughput of the heating device can be increased.

[0221] The Figures 10 a to 10 d show different embodiments of devices according to the invention with additional measuring devices. Figure 10a shows an arrangement in which the plastic preforms 10 are transported through a plurality of applicator devices 40 arranged one behind the other and along a transport path T. Reference numeral 12 denotes a first sensor device, such as in particular a pyrometer, which measures the temperature of the plastic preforms without contact. This first sensor device 12 measures the temperature of the plastic preforms before they enter the first applicator device 40. The second sensor device 14 measures the temperature of the plastic preforms after they exit the first applicator device. However, it would also be possible to integrate such sensor devices into the applicator device itself.

[0222] Reference numeral 120 denotes a control device that communicates with both the two sensor devices 12 and 14 as well as with the actual applicator device 40. Instead of a pyrometer, it would also be possible to use an infrared camera, particularly at the inlet before the first applicator device 40. Additional sensor devices could also be provided between the second and third applicator devices and at the end of the third applicator device. The left-hand first applicator device can be used, in particular, to bring the plastic preforms to a uniform temperature level.

[0223] Figure 10bshows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention. In this embodiment, a forming device, such as, in particular, a blow molding machine 150, is connected downstream of the actual heating device 1. This blow molding machine has a blow mold with a first side part 154, a second side part 156, and a base part 158. These three parts together form a cavity within which the plastic preform is expanded into a finished container 20 by exposure to a medium, in particular compressed air. Instead of compressed air, the plastic preform could also be expanded with a liquid to be filled later.

[0224] Furthermore, these side parts 154 and 156 are arranged on side part supports (not shown). The bottom part 158 ​​can also be arranged on a support (not shown). To open and close the blow molds, the side parts are preferably pivoted apart and the bottom part 158 ​​is moved away.

[0225] Reference numeral 162 refers to a stretching rod. Reference numeral 152 denotes a valve block that controls the application of blow air to the plastic preforms.

[0226] Also in the Figure 10 b In the variant shown, several sensor devices 12, 14, and 15 are shown. Reference numeral 120 again denotes a control device, although here the forming unit 150 and, for example, the valve block 152 are also integrated into the control system.

[0227] Reference numeral 142 denotes a further inspection device that checks the finished blow-molded containers. In particular, the shape of a base or other properties, such as a wall thickness distribution of the finished container, can also be observed. For this purpose, the inspection or sensor device 142 can have a plurality of sensor elements that monitor the wall thicknesses of the container along its longitudinal direction. The control device 120 preferably also enables IPC (interprocess communication). In this way, the entire manufacturing process for the containers 20 can be self-regulated.

[0228] Preferably, the individual devices also allow for different temperature control of the plastic preforms along different regions in the longitudinal direction of the plastic preforms. In particular, a final temperature before stretch blow molding, i.e., a temperature measured by the sensor device 15, can be used as an important control variable, since the heating process is considered here and only its effects on the final container quality.

[0229] Figure 10 cshows a representation of the device with multiple measuring devices. This embodiment is particularly concerned with detecting the occurrence of errors and the escape of microwaves. For this purpose, the device has two sensor devices 136, each associated with an applicator device 40. These sensor devices are intended, in particular, to detect plasma ignitions. These sensor devices 136 can, for example, be a photodiode that looks into the resonator or into the channel of the applicator device. This or the control device can immediately shut off the microwave energy supply in the event of a plasma ignition.

[0230] Reference numerals 132 and 134 refer to first and second sensor devices, which serve to determine whether microwaves are emerging from the applicator devices. The first sensor device 132 may be arranged within a housing 130 and determine whether microwaves are emerging from the applicator devices 40. A second sensor device 134 may be arranged outside the housing 130 to determine whether microwaves are also emerging from the housing. Should one of the two sensor devices 132 and 134 show an excessively high measured value for the microwave energy, the control device 120 can deactivate the respective applicator devices.

[0231] At the Figure 10 dIn the variant shown, a further sensor or measuring device 138 is provided upstream of the actual applicator device 40. This measuring device is suitable and intended for determining geometric properties of the plastic preforms. In this case, for example, a preform length. If a plastic preform is too long, it can be removed from the production stream using an ejection device 140. Accordingly, the control device 120 is also provided here, which can also control the ejection device 140.

[0232] In a preferred microwave system, additional water cooling is provided, for example, on the magnetron, on a circulator, and on a water load. However, the applicator device itself can also be water-cooled. In modern semiconductor sources, the amplifier, in particular, should be cooled. This, too, is usually done with water. Such designs particularly preferably feature a flow meter and / or temperature measurement device that records the temperature of the cooling water. This also allows the correct amount of coolant to be monitored.

[0233] Figure 11a shows a holding device 200 for the plastic preform 10a according to the applicant's prior art. This holding element 200 has a relatively short length. However, it should be noted that individual components, such as in particular the actual gripping device 202, are also used for the holding device according to the invention, so that these features can be used in this respect.

[0234] Figure 11a also shows a perspective view of a holding device 1 according to the invention. This holding device 200 has a holding section 202 which can be inserted at least partially into a container or into the mouth of a container.

[0235] For this purpose, the holding section has five holding elements 224, 226 (the others are not shown as they are at the rear), each having a radially inwardly offset end section 224a, 226a that can be inserted into the mouths of the plastic preforms. Slots 225 are arranged between the individual holding elements, allowing a certain relative movement of the holding devices with respect to one another. In this way, the holding elements 222, 224 can be moved slightly closer to one another upon entry into the plastic preform. These slots preferably run in a straight line and are particularly preferably parallel to the longitudinal direction L of the holding device. The circumferential direction of the holding device mentioned above is thus defined as the circumferential direction around the longitudinal direction.

[0236] Reference numeral 268 denotes a stop of the expansion body, which extends between or within the individual holding elements. Reference numeral 232 denotes a base body of the holding section, on which the holding elements 224, 226 are arranged and with which the holding elements 224, 226 are formed as a single piece.

[0237] Preferably, these holding elements are arranged on the base body 232 in such a way that they are at least slightly bendable. Due to this bendable arrangement, the holding elements are slightly pressed inward when immersed in a plastic container and now exert a certain counterforce against the inner wall of the mouth, which holds the plastic containers 10 to the holding device 200.

[0238] Reference numeral 208 denotes a base body or support of the holding device 200, on which the holding section 202, more precisely the base body 232, is arranged. The base body 232 forms a cavity inside, in which the expansion body is arranged. The base body 202 is arranged in the base body 208 via screw connections 286. Reference numeral 285 refers to a receiving area into which the holding section, more precisely the base body 232, is inserted.

[0239] Preferably, at least the section 232 and the holding elements 224, 226 are made of a non-metallic material. The expansion body located inside (not visible) is also advantageously made of a non-metallic material.

[0240] Furthermore, Fig. 11aThe holding device 200 is shown with a plastic preform 10 arranged thereon. This plastic preform 10 has an opening into which the end portion of the holding device dips in order to hold this plastic preform.

[0241] Figure 11a also shows a sectional view of the holding device 1 according to the invention. Here, two holding elements 224 and 226 are again visible. It can be seen that the expansion body 206 is arranged within the holding elements, with reference numeral 262 referring to the expansion element, which defines how far, when the expansion bodies are inserted, the two holding elements 226 and 224, but overall all the holding elements, are pressed apart and pressed against the inner wall 210b of the plastic preform. Reference numeral 263 denotes a receiving groove of the holding element 226, against which the expansion element 262 rests.

[0242] In this context, it should be noted that the expansion body does not need to spread the retaining elements 224, 226 very far in the operating state. Accordingly, the expansion body could also be referred to as a support body, which supports the retaining elements radially inward. However, the retaining elements are also spread at least slightly when the expansion body is removed from the base body.

[0243] The reference number 268 again designates the lower stop, which rests on the holding elements 224, 226.

[0244] Reference numeral 286 again refers to screw devices, such as grub screws in this case, with which the carrier 208 is fastened to the base body 232 and thus also to the holding section 202. Reference numeral 272 denotes a channel-shaped opening through which a tool, such as a small screwdriver, can be inserted to push an expansion body 206 downward in the longitudinal direction L out of the body 232. In this way, the expansion element 262 becomes accessible and can be replaced.

[0245] Using the screw bodies 284, the entire device can be attached to another element, such as a rod-like body that enters the recess 283. The upper region of the holding device, particularly in the area of ​​the recess and the screw bodies, serves as a fastening section 280 for mounting the holding device to a support, such as a chain or shuttles. Reference numeral 288 denotes a contact surface for mounting the holding device 200 to a support.

[0246] For example, the holding device can be attached to a drive that also causes the plastic preform 10 to rotate about its own longitudinal axis. However, the holding device can also be arranged on a transport device, such as a transport chain, and transported by it.

[0247] Reference numeral 244 refers to a circumferential projection formed on the expansion body 206. In the assembled state, this projection engages in grooves or recesses 242 formed in the individual holding elements. It can be seen that the geometric shapes of these projections and recesses are adapted to one another. Towards the bottom, i.e. in the direction of the projection, both the groove and the projection each have inclined surfaces 242a, 244a. When the expansion body is to be pressed out of the base body 232 or the holding elements, these inclined surfaces exert a force on the holding elements, spreading them apart.

[0248] It can also be seen that the expansion element 262 is located relatively close to the lower end of the holding device, so that when the plastic preform is in place, it is also arranged within this plastic preform. This expansion element is preferably arranged longitudinally below the projection 244 and preferably between the projection and the stop element 268. This is advantageous because in this case, the force to be applied by the expansion element to the holding elements is lower than when the expansion element 262 is arranged higher.

[0249] This also facilitates changing the expansion element 262, since the expansion body 206 does not have to be pushed as far out of the area surrounded by the holding elements. Reference numeral 282 denotes an opening arranged in the base body through which a tool for pressing the expansion body 206 out of the base body 232 can be inserted. Reference numeral 261 denotes a circumferential groove arranged on the expansion body into which the expansion element 262 can be inserted. According to its function, the expansion element could also be referred to as a support element, which serves to support the holding elements against the expansion body, particularly when the holding device is inserted into a plastic preform.

[0250] Fig. 11bshows a representation of a holding device according to the invention. This holding device has three guide devices 251, 252, and 253, which serve to guide the holding device laterally. These three guide devices are jointly components of a guide device designated 250, which serves to guide the holding device 200 laterally. The guide devices are designed here as rotatable bodies or outer rings that can roll relative to other guide means.

[0251] Fig. 11cshows that the guide devices each have ball bearings with balls 255 to achieve the rotation of the outer rings of these guide devices. It can also be seen that the lowermost guide device 253 has a slightly larger outer cross-section than the other two guide devices 251 and 252. This guide device 253 serves to roll relative to adjacent guide devices of adjacent holding devices.

[0252] Fig. 11d illustrates the guide concept. It can be seen that the guide device 251 rolls against a first rail 272, which in this figure is arranged in front of the guide devices. The guide device 252 rolls against a second rail 274, which is arranged behind the guide devices here, and the guide device 253 rolls against the adjacent guide device.

[0253] The Figures 11e and 11fTwo further diagrams show the guidance of the holding devices. The concept proposed here guides the holding devices in three directions, both in the transport direction and perpendicular to it.

[0254] The Figures 12a - 12d illustrate the functionality of the aforementioned functional elements. The upper part of the image shows a possible field distribution within the applicator along the longitudinal direction of the plastic preform shown in the lower part. This field distribution or field profile does not yet lead to the desired heating of the plastic preform.

[0255] In the middle part of the image of Fig. 12a In the situation shown, a functional element 8, such as a dielectric element, is incorporated into the applicator. It can be seen that this functional element changes the field distribution within the applicator and, in particular, shifts the maximum of the field.

[0256] The lower part of Fig. 12a shows a desired field distribution profile. It can be seen that the profile shown in the middle part of the image is already closer to the desired field distribution than the profile shown in the upper part of the image.

[0257] Fig. 12b shows a first possible embodiment of a functional element 8 arranged within the applicator. This functional element 8 can be delivered laterally onto the plastic preform in the direction of the double arrow P1.

[0258] Fig. 12 c shows a further embodiment of a functional element 8. This can be designed as a piston- or rod-like element, which can also be delivered to the plastic preform.

[0259] Fig. 12 dshows a further embodiment of a functional element. This is designed here as a dielectric block located at the bottom of the applicator device, i.e., below the transport path of the plastic preforms.

[0260] The Figures 13 a to 13 d illustrate different temperature control concepts for a heating device according to the invention. These procedures are particularly useful for applying a temperature profile that changes in the circumferential direction to the plastic preform. Fig. 13 In the procedure shown in a, the rotational speed n1, n2, n3 of the plastic preform is varied and thus an inhomogeneous temperature profile is applied in the direction of rotation.

[0261] At the Fig. 13bIn the proposed procedure, the heating energy on the plastic preform is varied within one complete rotation of the plastic preform in the heating module or in the applicator with constant mandrel rotation, thus applying an inhomogeneous temperature profile in the direction of rotation.

[0262] Fig. 13c shows another possible embodiment of an applicator or resonator. It would also be conceivable and possibly useful, for example with regard to the so-called footprint or the arrangement, to use the heating device as shown in Fig. 13c As shown, it can be designed as a rotary device. In this case, the resonator would have to be bent into a circular shape, and either the entire resonator would rotate with the preforms, or only the preforms would move through the bent resonator. It might also be useful to rotate the preforms through the resonator using a synchronous and / or stationary adjustment mechanism for temperature profiling.

[0263] The advantages could be that temperature profiling devices could be integrated more easily or that control of the preform temperature for each preform could be easier.

[0264] Reference numeral 82 designates an area where the plastic preforms are transferred to the heating device, and reference numeral 40, in turn, designates the applicator through which the plastic preforms 10 are transported. Reference numeral 84 designates an assembly suitable and intended for temperature profiling.

[0265] Fig. 13dshows another possible procedure for achieving temperature profiling. During the heating phase or after the heating phase or during the transfer phase after the heating phase, a local decrease in temperature can occur, for example, using a Vortec nozzle 86 and / or surface cooling and / or by contact (Proshape) or in another way. It can also be advantageous to cool simultaneously during the heating phase in order to prevent certain areas from overheating or to achieve a certain temperature profiling. It might also be possible to cool the plastic preform to a certain definable temperature by means of cooling and to set up the cooling as a control circuit. The manipulated variable with which the fan or similar is operated would then be the controlled variable with which the temperature of the plastic preform is set.

[0266] Fig. 14ashows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention. In this embodiment, a plurality of functional elements 8a-8c are arranged within the applicator device. It can be seen that the functional elements designated by reference numerals 8a-8c are also assigned opposite functional elements.

[0267] In this case, the functional elements opposite each other with respect to the plastic preform 10 are each arranged in the same position, i.e. in particular they are arranged symmetrically with respect to the transport path of the plastic preforms.

[0268] The individual functional elements 8a, 8b, and 8c are movable in a direction perpendicular to the transport path of the plastic preforms. This involves a horizontal direction for functional elements 8a and 8b, and a vertical direction for functional element 8c.

[0269] Preferably, however, the individual functional elements 8a, 8b, 8c are movable independently of one another.

[0270] The reference number 64 denotes a tuning element which is Fig. 14a is rotatable with respect to a vertical axis of rotation, ie an axis of rotation which runs parallel to the longitudinal direction of the plastic preform.

[0271] By rotating the tuning element, the (here semicircular) cross-section of the tuning element can be moved closer to the plastic preform. Fig. 14a Two such tuning elements are shown, which are opposite each other with regard to the plastic preforms or their transport path.

[0272] Fig. 14b shows a top view of the Fig. 14a shown device on the line A Fig. 14aA total of six tuning elements 64 can be seen here, which are arranged on both sides of the transport path of the plastic preforms 10. More precisely, these tuning elements are preferably arranged symmetrically to this transport path.

[0273] As mentioned above, these tuning elements 64 are preferably arranged at the maxima of the electric field. These tuning elements 64 are preferably arranged at equidistant positions from one another.

[0274] Reference numeral 66 denotes a wall into which the individual tuning elements 64 are installed. A corresponding wall (not shown) is preferably also arranged on the opposite side of the transport path.

[0275] The individual tuning elements are rotatable relative to these walls. As mentioned above, the tuning elements each have a semicircular profile (in Fig. 14bonly the circular end section is visible, see section in Fig. 14a )) the rotational position of the tuning elements can be used to determine which portion of the tuning elements protrudes from the respective walls 66 in the direction of the transport path of the plastic preforms 10. The wall can be made of the same material as the tuning elements

[0276] Thus, in one rotational position of the tuning elements, it would be possible for them to be substantially completely sunk into the wall and, in another rotational position (which is rotated by 180° compared to the first-mentioned rotational position), to protrude maximally from the wall 66.

[0277] The reference number 8a again shows a functional element, which here, as in Fig. 14b shown, extends along the entire applicator device. The further Fig. 14a The functional element 8b shown is in Fig. 14bnot visible, as it is located below the functional element 8a. A corresponding functional element is also present on the opposite side of the transport path, but in Fig. 14b not shown for reasons of clarity. List of reference symbols

[0278] 1 Device 2 Transport device 6 First damping device 8 Functional element 8a, b, c Functional elements 10 Plastic preform 10a Mouth of the plastic preform 12 Temperature measuring device 14 Temperature measuring device 16 Further damping devices 40 Applicator device 42 Feeding device, coupling device 44 Output or coupling device 45 Channel 46 Gap 48 Gap 49 Gap 52, 54 Deflection areas 60 Tuning device, tuning device 61 Projections 62 Protective window 63 Support 64 Tuning element 66 Wall 68 Die-electric block 70 Die-electric material 72 Short-circuit element 73, 74 Sensor device 78 Waveguide 82 Area 86 Vortec nozzle 92 Power source 94 Microwave generator 95 Power splitter 96 Microwave source 98Water loads,Circulator 102 Microwave source 104 Head 106 Alternating current source 120 Control device 130 Housing 132 First sensor device 134 Second sensor device 136 Sensor device 138 Sensor or measuring device 140 Ejection device 142 Further inspection device 150 Blow molding machine 152 Valve block 154 First side part 156 Second side part 158 ​​Base part 162 Stretch rod 200 Holding device 202 Holding section 206 Expanding body 208 Base body, carrier 210b Inner wall of the plastic preform 224, 226 Holding elements 224a, 226a End sections of the holding elements 225 Slots 232 Base body 242 Grooves, recesses 244 Circumferential projection 242a, 244a Inclined surfaces 250 Guide device 251, 252, 253 Guide devices 255 Ball 261 Circumferential groove 262 Expanding element 263 Receiving groove 268 Stop 272 Channel-like opening 273, 274 Rails 280 Fastening section 282 Opening 283 Recess 288 Contact surface LLongitudinal direction of the plastic preforms,

Claims

1. Apparatus (1) for heating plastic preforms (10) with a transport device (2) which transports the plastic preforms (10) along a predefined transport path, wherein the transport device comprises holding devices (200) for holding the plastic preforms (10) and wherein said transport path has at least one heating portion (E) inside which the plastic preforms (10) are heated, and with a heating device which is arranged in particular stationarily at least in portions along the transport path and which heats the plastic preforms (10) transported by the transport device during their transport through the heating portion (E), wherein the heating device has at least one in particular stationary applicator device (40) which is suitable and intended for applying the plastic preforms (10) with microwaves in order to heat them, wherein at least in the heating portion (E), the transport device (2) is arranged relative to the applicator device (40) such that at least parts of the holding devices (200) are arranged outside the applicator device (40), wherein preferably the applicator device is configured to receive several plastic preforms simultaneously for at least some of the time, characterised in that the applicator device (40) is constructed as an unit having a slot (46) through which the plastic preforms (10) are transported and the apparatus (1) has a microwave generation device which is arranged outside the applicator device (40) and wherein the apparatus (1) has a rotation device (50) which rotates the plastic preforms (10), at least partially, around their longitudinal axis during their heating, and the holding devices (200) are at least made from a material which is not heated by the microwaves.

2. Apparatus (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the plastic preforms are transported in a direction perpendicular to their longitudinal axis (L) during their heating in the heating portion (E).

3. Apparatus (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the holding devices (200) are configured as internal gripper devices which are at least in portions engage in mouths (10a) of the plastic preforms (10) in order to hold these.

4. Apparatus (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the apparatus (1) has at least one shielding device (6) which at least partially prevents the emergence of microwaves from the applicator device (42).

5. Apparatus (1) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the shielding device (6) consists of one or more elements.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the operation of at least one shielding device (6) and / or an element of the shielding device is based on destructive interference.

7. Apparatus (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the apparatus (1) has a tuning device (60) which is suitable and intended for regulating a heating power for the plastic preforms and / or for adapting the applicator device.

8. Apparatus (1) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the tuning device (60) is suitable and intended for matching a resonance frequency and an emission frequency to each other.

9. Apparatus (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims 7 - 8, characterised in that the tuning device (60) has at least one rotatable and / or displaceable tuning element (64).

10. Apparatus (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one end of the applicator device (40) is open in the transport direction.

11. Apparatus (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the applicator device is suitable and intended for applying to the plastic preforms a temperature profile which changes in their longitudinal direction.

12. Apparatus (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the applicator device comprises metallic and / or dielectric elements, wherein preferably these metallic and / or dielectric elements can be exchanged and / or at least a position of these elements can be changed.

13. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, characterised in that at least a position of these elements can be changed in regulated fashion.

14. Method for heating plastic preforms (10), wherein the plastic preforms are transported along a predefined transport path by a transport device (2), wherein the transport device comprises holding devices (200) for holding the plastic preforms (10) and wherein this transport path has at least one heating portion (E) inside which the plastic preforms (10) are heated, and with a heating device which is arranged in particular stationarily at least in portions along the transport path and which heats the plastic preforms (10) transported by the transport device during their transport through the heating portion (E), wherein the heating device has a stationary applicator device (40) which applies the plastic preforms (10) with microwaves in order to heat them, wherein at least in the heating portion (E), the transport device (2) is arranged relative to the applicator device (40) such that at least parts of the holding devices (200) are arranged outside the applicator device (40), wherein preferably the applicator device is configured to receive several plastic preforms simultaneously for at least some of the time, characterised in that the applicator device (40) is constructed as an unit having a slot (46) through which the plastic preforms (10) are transported and the apparatus (1) has a microwave generation device which is arranged outside the applicator device (40) and wherein the apparatus (1) has a rotation device (50) which rotates the plastic preforms (10), at least partially, around their longitudinal axis during their heating, and the holding devices (200) are at least made from a material which is not heated by the microwaves.