USE OF A POLYAMIDE MOLDING COMPOUND FOR THE REDUCTION OF DECONGESTATION DURING THERMOPLASTIC PROCESSING, POLYAMIDE MOLDING COMPOUND AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF USE ITEMS

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to the use of thermoplastic polyamide molding compounds for reducing the formation of solid deposits and / or coatings in the tools used in thermoplastic forming into consumer articles in discontinuous processes, particularly injection molding, and in continuous processes such as extrusion into films, fibers, pipes, and sheathing. The molding compounds used are based on polyamides predominantly based on the polyamide units 616, 516, or 916. By using the polyamide molding compounds according to the invention, the solid deposits and / or coatings otherwise common with polyamide 12 during further processing in injection molding or extrusion are greatly reduced or avoided. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] In thermodynamic equilibrium, polyamide melts contain certain concentrations of linear and, where appropriate, cyclic monomers, as well as linear and cyclic oligomers, as well as water. These low-molecular-weight components influence the processability of the products. During injection molding or extrusion processes, residual monomers, particularly lactams, and cyclic oligomers can evaporate and cause problems by forming solid deposits and flakes in the tools used. Depending on the type of polyamide and the production and processing conditions, low-molecular-weight degradation products must also be considered with regard to flake formation.

[0003] It is therefore desirable to remove or avoid the low molecular weight components and oligomers mentioned above as far as possible, so that no solid deposits or coatings are formed during subsequent thermoplastic processing.

[0004] Among the polyamides, PA 12 stands out due to its particularly interesting property profile. Polyamide 12 can be modified in a wide variety of ways, and the resulting molding compounds are then excellently thermoplastically formable by injection molding and extrusion processes into consumer goods of high practical value. Overall, polyamide 12 is the type of polyamide whose properties are least affected by changes in temperature and humidity in practical use.

[0005] One problem, however, is that in the conventional hydrolytic polymerization / autoclave process, monomer conversion is only approximately 99.5%, and the remaining lactam is poorly soluble in the polymer. This leads to exudation and sublimation of Lactam 12 (LC12), particularly during melt processing and later in practical use, particularly on cooled surfaces, such as the surfaces of tools and finished parts, and thus to the formation of deposits. Due to the high melting point of Lactam 12, such sublimates often form disruptive deposits, which, especially when additional additives migrate to the surface, can lead to process disruptions with surface damage and thus to production interruptions, and can also cause so-called "black spots."

[0006] Known measures for reducing and eliminating residual Lactam 12 content include melt and solid-state post-condensation under vacuum, as well as liquid extraction processes or reprecipitation from solution. These processes, in which lactam evaporates under the influence of heat, can also be disrupted by the lactam sublimate. Lactam mists are also highly flammable, and the processes require special precautions. Furthermore, the additional thermal stress can damage the polymer. During the thermoplastic processing of polyamide 12 molding compounds by injection molding and extrusion, the formation of solid deposits, consisting primarily of Lactam 12 (LC 12), is detrimental.

[0007] To reduce the formation of deposits in polyamide 12 molding compounds, EP 1 550 684 A2 proposes the addition of small amounts of typical polyamide plasticizers or aprotic solvents. Although this prevents the formation of a solid deposit, a viscous film containing the dissolved residues adheres to the manufactured articles, which is tolerable only for a few applications. Furthermore, these molding compounds always contain solvents or plasticizers. EP 1 992 659 A1 discloses polyamide molding compounds for producing transparent molded parts that do not cause any visible deposit formation on surfaces with which they come into contact during processing, and which contain at least one UV absorber. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Users who further process polyamide molding compounds into molded parts, for example, and who wish to obtain certification according to the ISO 14000 standards group, commit to sustainable business practices. For example, they conduct life cycle assessments (LCAs) of the CO2 footprint of products. This is facilitated by a short time span between the release of CO2 (source) and its subsequent immobilization (sink), as is possible through the inventive use of biorenewable raw materials with the specified bio-content values. The expert is thus faced with the problem of having to use ecologically advantageous materials that were previously associated with disadvantageous material properties.In one embodiment, the invention represents a teaching for overcoming this problem, since it surprisingly provides an unexpectedly high-quality polyamide as a material, which is nevertheless essentially ecologically harmless because it is largely made up of renewable or regenerative raw materials.

[0009] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide thermoplastic polyamide molding compounds which have a largely comparable property profile (e.g., water absorption, thermal and mechanical properties) and processing profile to polyamide 12, have a bio-content of at least 60%, but which, compared to PA12, exhibit a significantly lower tendency toward solid deposits during thermoplastic forming. Largely comparable with regard to mechanical properties means that the values ​​for breaking strength, elongation at break, and impact and notched impact strength are not reduced by more than preferably 10% compared to an otherwise identical but PA12-based molding compound. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The aforementioned object is achieved by the use according to patent claim 1, a polyamide molding compound according to patent claim 10, and a method according to patent claim 11. The dependent patent claims represent advantageous developments.

[0011] This object is achieved by providing a polyamide molding compound containing or consisting of the following components (A) 37-100% by weight of a polyamide mixture consisting of components (A1), (A2) and (A3), wherein (A1) 50-100% by weight of at least one aliphatic polyamide which comprises or consists of at least 50 mol% of at least one polyamide unit selected from the group consisting of 616, 916 and 516; and (A2) 0-50% by weight of at least one transparent polyamide VX / WX / VY / WY / Z, wherein at least one of the polyamide units WX or WY is present and wherein the abbreviations V to Z are derived from the following molecules: V: acyclic aliphatic diamine having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; W: cycloaliphatic diamine; X: at least one acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 9 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein at least one acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 16 carbon atoms (X1) makes up at least 50 mol% of all dicarboxylic acids X; Y: aromatic dicarboxylic acids Z: lactams and aminocarboxylic acids having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; (A3) 0 - 50 wt.-% of at least one aliphatic polyamide selected from the group consisting of PA11, PA12 and PA10U with U = amidically bonded acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 9 to 18 carbon atoms; where the sum of (A1) to (A3) results in the totality of component (A); (B) 0 - 60 wt.% fillers and / or reinforcing materials; (C) 0 - 3 wt.% auxiliaries and / or additives. wherein the sum of components (A) to (C) amounts to 100% by weight, is used for reducing solid deposits and / or coatings during thermoplastic forming into consumer articles in discontinuous processes, in particular in injection molding, and in continuous processes such as extrusion into films, fibers, pipes and sheathing.

[0012] Surprisingly, it was found that the novel use of the polyamide molding compound according to the invention, in contrast to EP 1 550 684 A2, largely eliminates deposits of the polyamide molding compound in the tools used during processing. Additional effects include not only reducing the sublimation of the residual monomers or oligomers remaining in the polyamide 12 or the degradation products formed during processing, but also avoiding the addition of a "solvent" intended to liquefy these deposits. Thus, the articles produced according to the invention are largely free of solid and liquid deposits.

[0013] The inventive molding compounds also exhibit a high bio-content of at least 60% according to ASTM D6866-06a. The bio-content according to ASTM D6866-06a is a measure of the proportion of non-fossil, i.e., renewable, carbon. The bio-content is derived from the ratio of the carbon isotopes C 12 and C 14. Since this ratio differs significantly between fossil and renewable raw materials, the bio-content of the inventive polyamide molding compounds can be easily verified by measurement as a unique product-characterizing property.

[0014] For example, the bio content for PA 616 is 69%, for PA 916 it is 62%.

[0015] The molding compounds according to the invention therefore not only have better mechanical properties compared to conventional polyamide molding compounds, in particular PA 12, but can also be obtained to a significant extent from renewable raw materials.

[0016] The following statements relate to preferred embodiments of the molding composition according to the invention and are applicable individually or in combination to the molding composition specified above. Component (A)

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the proportion of component (A) based on the total weight of components (A) to (C) or based on the polyamide molding composition is in the range from 42 to 90 wt.%, particularly preferably 47 to 80 wt.% and especially preferably 47 to 79.9 wt.%.

[0018] It is preferred if the polyamide mixture (A) consists of 50 to 95 wt.%, preferably 60 to 90 wt.% and in particular 65 to 85 wt.% of polyamide (A1) and 5 to 50 wt.%, particularly preferably 10 to 40 wt.% and in particular 15 to 35 wt.% of polyamide (A2), polyamide (A3) or a mixture of the polyamides (A2) and (A3).

[0019] It is thus possible for the polyamide mixture (A) to contain, in addition to the mandatory component (A1), either component (A2) or (A3), or both components (A2) and (A3). It is preferred that the sum of components (A2) and (A3) be 5 to 50 wt. %, preferably 10 to 40 wt. %, and in particular 15-35 wt. %, based on the sum of components (A1) to (A3).

[0020] Particularly preferably, the proportion of polyamide (A1) is 50 to 90 wt.%, preferably 60 to 80 wt.%, the proportion of polyamide (A2) is 5 to 25 wt.%, particularly preferably 10 to 20 wt.% and the proportion of polyamide (A3) is 5 to 25 wt.%, particularly preferably 10 to 20 wt.% of the total component (A). Component (A1)

[0021] Component (A1) is at least one aliphatic polyamide which consists of at least 50 mol%, preferably 60 or 80 mol% and in particular exclusively (100 mol%) of the polyamide units PA616, PA516 or PA916.

[0022] The polyamide units that may be present in component (A1) alongside the polyamide units 616, 916, or 516 are preferably the polyamide units 6S, 9S, or 10S, where S represents an acyclic, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 9 to 18, preferably 10 to 16, carbon atoms. Particular preference is given to the polyamide units 6S and 10S, where S represents an acyclic, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 10 to 14, or in particular to the polyamide units 610, 612, 614, 1010, 1012, and 1014.

[0023] The aliphatic dicarboxylic acid (S) is preferably selected from the group consisting of 1,9-nonanedioic acid, 1,10-decanedioic acid, 1,11-undecanedioic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,13-tridecanedioic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid, 1,15-pentadecanedioic acid, 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid, 1,17-heptadecanedioic acid, 1,18-octadecanedioic acid, and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are the open-chain, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (S) selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids having 10 to 16 carbon atoms, in particular 1,10-decanedioic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0024] In a further embodiment, component (A1) is preferably selected from the homopolyamides 616, 516, or 916, as well as the copolyamides 516 / 616, 516 / 916, 616 / 1016, 616 / 610, 616 / 612, or 616 / 614, and mixtures thereof, wherein the proportion of 616, 516, or 916 in the copolyamides amounts to at least 50 mol%, preferably at least 60 mol%, and in particular 80 mol%. These polyamides or copolyamides can each form component (A1) alone, but mixtures of at least two of the aforementioned polyamides or copolyamides are also possible.

[0025] Particularly preferred are the polyamides 616, 616 / 1016 or 616 / 614, wherein the proportion of 616 in the copolyamides 616 / 1016 and 616 / 614 is at least 50 mol%, preferably at least 60 mol% and in particular 80 mol%.

[0026] Component (A1) is formed by polycondensation of the diamines 1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine and / or 1,10-decanediamine and the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid and 1,18-octadecanedioic acid.

[0027] With regard to processability, it proves to be advantageous if the aliphatic polyamide of component (A1), in particular if it is selected as PA616, has a solution viscosity (determined according to ISO 307:2013 using a solution of 0.5 g of polymer granules in 100 ml of m-cresol at a temperature of 20 °C) in the range of η rel = 1.6 to 3.0, preferably in the range of η rel = 1.7 to 2.7, in particular in the range of 1.80 to 2.30.

[0028] In particular, it is preferred if component (A1) is predominantly based on monomers which are accessible from renewable or regenerative raw materials, so that the bio-content according to ASTM D6866-068a of the polyamide (A1) is at least 60 wt.%, preferably at least 65 wt.% and in particular at least 68 wt.% Component (A2)

[0029] Component (A2) is at least one transparent polyamide of the formula VX / WX / VY / WY / Z, where at least one of the polyamide units WX or WY must be present (and thus the units VX, VY and Z are optional) and where the units V, W, X, Y and Z are derived from the following molecules which are amidically bonded in the polyamide according to component (A2): (V): Acyclic aliphatic diamine having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; (W): Cycloaliphatic diamine; (X): Acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 9 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein at least one acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 16 carbon atoms (X1) accounts for at least 50 mol% of all dicarboxylic acids X; (Y): Aromatic dicarboxylic acids; (Z): Lactams, aminocarboxylic acids.

[0030] Transparency in the designation of component (A2) is generally understood to mean that the light transmission of a plate made from component (A2) with a thickness of 2 mm is at least 88%, preferably at least 90%, when the transmission is determined by means of a UV / VIS spectrometer at a wavelength of 600 nm.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, the diamine (V) is selected from the group consisting of hexanediamine, in particular 1,6-hexanediamine, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine, nonanediamine, in particular 1,9-nonanediamine, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,11-undecanediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, and mixtures thereof. Particular preference is given to the open-chain, aliphatic diamines (V) selected from the group consisting of diamines having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, and mixtures thereof.

[0032] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the cycloaliphatic diamine (W) is selected from the group consisting of bis-(4-amino-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)-methane (MACM), bis-(4-amino-cyclohexyl)-methane (PACM), bis-(4-amino-3-ethyl-cyclohexyl)-methane, bis-(4-amino-3,5-dimethyl-cyclohexyl)-methane (TMDC), 2,6-norbornanediamine (2,6-bis-(aminomethyl)-norbornane), 1,3-diaminocyclohexane (BAC), 1,4-diaminocyclohexanediamine, isophoronediamine, 1,3-bis-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis-(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 2,2-(4,4'-diaminodicyclohexyl)propane and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferably, the cycloaliphatic diamines (W) are selected from the group consisting of bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane (MACM) and bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane (PACM) and mixtures thereof.

[0033] The aliphatic dicarboxylic acid (X) is an acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 9 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein at least one acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 16 carbon atoms (X1) accounts for at least 50 mol%, preferably at least 80 mol% and particularly preferably 100 mol% of all dicarboxylic acids (X).

[0034] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid (X2) optionally present in addition to the acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 16 carbon atoms (X1) is selected from the group consisting of 1,9-nonanedioic acid, 1,10-decanedioic acid, 1,11-undecanedioic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,13-tridecanedioic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid, 1,15-pentadecanedioic acid, 1,17-heptadecanedioic acid, 1,18-octadecanedioic acid, and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferably, the open-chain, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (X2) are selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acids having 10 to 15 carbon atoms, in particular 1,10-decanedioic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid, 1,15-pentadecanedioic acid, and mixtures thereof. The dicarboxylic acids (X) consist of at least 50 mol%, preferably at least 80 mol% (X1), and particularly preferably 100%, i.e. exclusively, of the dicarboxylic acid (X1).Complementarily, the dicarboxylic acids (X) consist of at most 50 mol%, preferably at most 20 mol%, of the dicarboxylic acids (X2), and particularly preferably they are free of dicarboxylic acids (X2). Particularly preferably, the dicarboxylic acid (X) is exclusively 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid (X1).

[0035] According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aromatic dicarboxylic acid (Y) is selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acids (NDA), in particular 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, biphenyldicarboxylic acids, in particular biphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 3,3'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyl ether dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylmethanedicarboxylic acid and 4,4'-diphenylsulfonedicarboxylic acid, 1,5-anthracenedicarboxylic acid, p-terphenylene-4,4"-dicarboxylic acid and 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferably, the aromatic dicarboxylic acids (Y) are selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and mixtures thereof.

[0036] According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lactam and / or the α,ω-aminocarboxylic acid (Z) is selected from the group consisting of caprolactam (CL), α,ω-aminocaproic acid, α,ω-aminoheptanoic acid, α,ω-aminooctanoic acid, α,ω-aminononanoic acid, α,ω-aminodecanoic acid, α,ω-aminoundecanoic acid (AUA), laurolactam (LL) and α,ω-aminododecanoic acid (ADA), particular preference is given to laurolactam, α,ω-aminoundecanoic acid and α,ω-aminododecanoic acid and mixtures thereof.

[0037] In the case of component (A2) according to the formula VX / WX / VY / WY / Z, it is particularly preferred that (V) is selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, (W) is selected from the group consisting of bis-(4-amino-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)-methane (MACM) and bis(4-amino-cyclohexyl)methane (PACM), (X) is selected from the group consisting of 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid, (Y) is selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid, and (Z) is selected from the group consisting of laurolactam, α,ω-aminoundecanoic acid and α,ω-aminododecanoic acid.

[0038] With regard to the properties and processing, it proves to be advantageous if the transparent polyamide (A2) has a solution viscosity (n rel , determined using a solution of 0.5 g of polymer granules in 100 ml of m-cresol at 20 °C according to ISO 307:2013) between 1.4 and 2.2, particularly preferably between 1.50 and 2.0 and in particular in the range from 1.60 to 1.90 and / or has a glass transition point T g above 90°C, preferably above 100°C, more preferably above 110°C, particularly preferably above 130°C. It is also advantageous if the transparent polyamide (A2) is an amorphous polyamide with a melting enthalpy of less than 4 J / g or a microcrystalline polyamide with a melting enthalpy in the range of 4-30 J / g, in particular in the range of 4-25 J / g.

[0039] MACM stands for the ISO designation bis-(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane, which is commercially available under the trade name 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane as Laromin C260 grade (CAS No. 6864-37-5). The number following the term MACM stands for an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid (C12, e.g., DDS, dodecanedioic acid) with which the diamine MACM is polycondensed. PACM stands for the ISO designation bis-(4-aminocyclohexyl)methane, which is commercially available under the trade name 4,4'-bisaminodicyclohexylmethane as dicyclohexyl grade (CAS No. 1761-71-3).

[0040] Preferably, component (A2) is MACM16, PACM16, MACM16 / PACM16, MACMI / MACMT / MACM16 or 6I / 6T / 616 / MACMI / MACMT / MACM16 or a mixture of two or more of these systems.

[0041] Particularly preferred transparent polyamides are: MACM16, MACM16 / PACM16, MACMI / MACMT / MACM16 or 6I / 6T / 616 / MACMI / MACMT / MACM16. Component (A3)

[0042] Optionally, the molding compound may further comprise, as component (A3), at least one long-chain aliphatic polyamide selected from the group consisting of polyamide 11, polyamide 12, and the polyamides PA10U, where (U) represents amidically bonded acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 10 to 18 carbon atoms. In particular, component (A3) is selected from the group of polyamides consisting of PA1010, PA1012, PA1014, PA1212, PA1214, PA1016, or a mixture thereof. Polyamide 1016 is particularly preferred.

[0043] Component (A3) is preferably formed by polycondensation / polymerization of the aliphatic diamines 1,10-decanediamine and / or 1,12-dodecanediamine and the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids 1,10-decanedioic acid, 1,11-undecanedioic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,13-tridecanedioic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid, 1,15-pentadecanedioic acid, 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid, 1,17-heptadecanedioic acid, 1,18-octadecanedioic acid or lactams or aminocarboxylic acids α,ω-aminodecanoic acid, α,ω-aminoundecanoic acid (AUA), laurolactam (LL) and α,ω-aminododecanoic acid (ADA).

[0044] With regard to the processability and the properties of the articles produced, it proves to be advantageous if the aliphatic polyamide of component (A3), in particular when selected as PA12, PA1010 and PA1016, has a solution viscosity (determined using a solution of 0.5 g of polymer granules in 100 ml of m-cresol at 20 °C according to ISO 307:2013) in the range of η rel = 1.5 to 3.0, preferably in the range of η rel = 1.6 to 2.6, in particular in the range of 1.70 to 2.30.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the sum of components (A2) and (A3) is 5 to 50 wt.%, preferably 10 to 40 wt.% and in particular 15-35 wt.%. Component (B)

[0046] Component (B) can contain both fibrous reinforcing agents and other particulate fillers. It is particularly preferred if (B) consists exclusively of fibrous reinforcing agents selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers, aramid fibers, basalt fibers, or mixtures thereof.

[0047] According to a preferred embodiment of the polyamide molding composition according to the invention, component (B) is formed entirely from glass fibers.

[0048] The glass fibers used have a cross-sectional area that is either circular (or synonymously round) or non-circular (or synonymously flat), in which case the dimensional ratio of the major cross-sectional axis to the minor cross-sectional axis is at least 2, e.g. from 2.5 to 4.5.

[0049] Reinforcement with glass fibers can be done with short fibers (e.g. chopped glass with a length of 2 - 50 mm) or continuous fibers (long glass or rovings).

[0050] The glass fibers used according to the invention as roving (filler component B) have a diameter of 10 to 20 µm, preferably 12 to 17 µm. The generally used term "diameter" is to be understood as meaning the length of the main cross-sectional axis for fibers with a non-circular, i.e. anisotropic, cross-section, i.e. with a longer main cross-sectional axis than the secondary cross-sectional axis. In particular, E-glass fibers are used according to the invention. However, all other types of glass fibers, such as A-, C-, D-, M-, S-, R-glass fibers or any mixtures thereof or mixtures with E-glass fibers, can also be used.

[0051] Long fiber-reinforced molding compounds achieve higher toughness and thus even more metal-like properties if, instead of the usual continuous glass fibers with a diameter of 15 to 19 µm, those with a diameter of 10 to 14 µm, in particular those with a diameter of 10 to 12 µm, are used.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the glass fibers used according to the invention are short glass fibers with a diameter in the range of 7 to 20, preferably 9 to 12 µm. The glass fibers are in the form of chopped glass with a length of 2 to 50 mm. In particular, E and / or S glass fibers are used according to the invention. However, all other types of glass fibers, such as A, C, D, M, R glass fibers or any mixtures thereof or mixtures with E and / or S glass fibers, can also be used. The sizes customary for polyamide, such as various aminosilane sizes, are used, with high-temperature-stable sizes being preferred.

[0053] In a further preferred embodiment, the glass fibers used are long glass fibers. The glass fibers used as roving according to the invention have a diameter of 10 to 20 µm, preferably 12 to 17 µm. In particular, E-glass fibers are used according to the invention. In addition to the preferred E-glass fibers, S-glass fibers are used in particular because they have a 30% higher tensile strength than E-glass fibers. However, all other types of glass fibers can also be used, such as A-, C-, D-, M-, R-glass fibers or any mixtures thereof or mixtures with E- and / or S-glass fibers.

[0054] For flat glass fibers, i.e. glass fibers with a non-circular cross-sectional area, those with a dimensional ratio of the main cross-sectional axis to the perpendicular secondary cross-sectional axis of more than 2, preferably from 2.5 to 4.5, in particular from 3 to 4, are preferably used. These so-called flat glass fibers have an oval, elliptical, constricted elliptical (so-called cocoon fiber), polygonal, rectangular, or nearly rectangular cross-sectional area. A further characteristic feature of the flat glass fibers used is that the length of the main cross-sectional axis is preferably in the range of 6 to 40 µm, in particular in the range of 15 to 30 µm, and the length of the secondary cross-sectional axis is in the range of 3 to 20 µm, in particular in the range of 4 to 10 µm. The flat glass fibers have the highest possible packing density, i.e.the glass cross-sectional area fills an imaginary rectangle surrounding the glass fiber cross-section as precisely as possible to at least 70%, preferably at least 80% and particularly preferably at least 85%.

[0055] Mixtures of glass fibers with circular and non-circular cross-sections can also be used to reinforce the molding compositions according to the invention, the proportion of flat glass fibers preferably predominating, ie making up more than 50% by weight of the total mass of the fibers.

[0056] The glass fibers according to the invention can be provided with a size suitable for thermoplastics, in particular for polyamide, containing an adhesion promoter based on an amino- or epoxysilane compound.

[0057] The flat glass fibers of component (B1) are preferably selected, for example, as E-glass fibers according to ASTM D578-00 with a non-circular cross-section, preferably from 52-62% silicon dioxide, 12-16% aluminum oxide, 16-25% calcium oxide, 0-10% borax, 0-5% magnesium oxide, 0-2% alkali oxides, 0-1.5% titanium dioxide and 0-0.3% iron oxide (data in each case in wt.%). The glass fibers of component (B1), preferably as flat E-glass fibers, have a density of 2.54 - 2.62 g / cm 3< , a tensile modulus of 70 - 75 GPa, a tensile strength of 3000 - 3500 MPa and an elongation at break of 4.5 - 4.8%, whereby the mechanical properties were determined on individual fibers with a diameter of 10 µm and a length of 12.7 mm at 23°C and a relative humidity of 50%.

[0058] A preferred embodiment of the polyamide molding composition according to the invention is characterized in that component (B) is present in the range of 10-55 wt.%, preferably in the range of 20-50 wt.%, more preferably from 30 to 50 wt.%, particularly preferably in the form of glass fibers.

[0059] Component (B) may further contain fillers, optionally in surface-treated form, selected from the following group: talc, mica, silicate, quartz, titanium dioxide, wollastonite, kaolin, amorphous silica, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, chalk, lime, feldspar, barium sulfate, solid or hollow glass spheres or ground glass, in particular ground glass fibers, permanently magnetic or magnetizable metal compounds and / or alloys, and mixtures of the elements from this group. Glass microspheres with an average diameter in the range of 5 to 100 µm are particularly preferred as fillers, as these tend to impart isotropic properties to the molded part and thus allow the production of molded parts with low warpage.

[0060] As filler, the thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention can preferably contain a particulate filler or a mixture of two or more different fillers, also in combination with reinforcing materials. Component C

[0061] The polyamide molding composition according to the invention contains 0 to 3 wt.% of at least one additive (auxiliaries and / or additives) as component (C).

[0062] According to a preferred embodiment, the polyamide molding composition according to the invention contains 0.1 to 3.0 wt.% and preferably 0.5 to 2.0 wt.% of at least one additive as component (C).

[0063] According to a preferred embodiment, component (C) is selected from the group consisting of lubricants, heat stabilizers, processing stabilizers, oxidation retarders, agents against heat decomposition and decomposition by ultraviolet light, lubricants and mold release agents, colorants, in particular dyes and pigments, nucleating agents, plasticizers, flame retardants, inorganic pigments, organic pigments and mixtures thereof.

[0064] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the polyamide molding compound contains at least one lubricant as component (C), this being present preferably in a proportion of 0 to 2% by weight, particularly preferably of 0.05 to 2.0% by weight, particularly preferably of 0.1 to 1.5% by weight and most preferably of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polyamide molding compound.

[0065] Preferred are Al, alkali, and alkaline earth salts, esters, or amides of fatty acids having 10 to 44 carbon atoms, and preferably having 14 to 44 carbon atoms, with the metal ions Na, Mg, Ca, and Al being preferred, and Ca or Mg being particularly preferred. Particularly preferred metal salts are Ca stearate and Ca montanate, as well as Al stearate. The fatty acids can be monovalent or divalent. Examples include pelargonic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, margaric acid, dodecanedioic acid, behenic acid, and the particularly preferred stearic acid, capric acid, and montanic acid (a mixture of fatty acids having 30 to 40 carbon atoms).

[0066] Furthermore, aliphatic alcohols, which may be monohydric to tetrahydric, are preferred as lubricants. These alcohols are preferably selected from the group consisting of n-butanol, n-octanol, stearyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, and mixtures thereof, with glycerol and pentaerythritol being preferred.

[0067] In addition, aliphatic amines, which can be mono- to trivalent, are preferred lubricants. Preferred amines are selected from the group consisting of stearylamine, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, di(6-aminohexyl)amine, and mixtures thereof, with ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine being particularly preferred.

[0068] Preferred esters or amides of fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of glycerol distearate, glycerol tristearate, ethylenediamine distearate, glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol trilaurate, glycerol monobehenate, pentaerythritol tetrastearate and mixtures thereof.

[0069] According to a further preferred embodiment, the polyamide molding composition contains as component (C) at least one heat stabilizer, which is preferably present in a proportion of 0 to 3% by weight, particularly preferably 0.02 to 2.0% by weight and particularly preferably 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polyamide molding composition (I).

[0070] According to a preferred embodiment, the heat stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of Compounds of mono- or divalent copper, e.g. salts of mono- or divalent copper with inorganic or organic acids or mono- or divalent phenols, the oxides of mono- or divalent copper, or the complex compounds of copper salts with ammonia, amines, amides, lactams, cyanides or phosphines, preferably Cu(I) or Cu(II) salts of hydrohalic acids, hydrocyanic acids or the copper salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids. Particularly preferred are the monovalent copper compounds CuCl, CuBr, CuI, CuCN and Cu2O, as well as the divalent copper compounds CuCl2, CuSO4, CuO, copper(II) acetate or copper(II) stearate. If a copper compound is used, the amount of copper is preferably 0.003 to 0.5, in particular 0.005 to 0.3, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.2 wt. %, based on the sum of components (A) to (C). The copper compounds are commercially available, or their preparation is known to the person skilled in the art.The copper compounds can be used as such or in the form of concentrates. A concentrate is understood to be a polymer, preferably of the same chemical nature as component (A), which contains the copper salt in a high concentration. The use of concentrates is a common process and is particularly frequently employed when very small amounts of a starting material have to be metered. The copper compounds are advantageously used in combination with other metal halides, in particular alkali halides such as NaI, KI, NaBr, KBr, the molar ratio of metal halide to copper halide being 0.5 to 20, preferably 1 to 10 and particularly preferably 3 to 7. Stabilizers based on secondary aromatic amines, these stabilizers preferably being used in an amount of 0.2 to 2, preferably 0.2 to 1.5 wt.-%, stabilizers based on sterically hindered phenols, these stabilizers preferably being present in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5, more preferably 0.2 to 1.0 wt.%, and phosphites and phosphonites, as well as mixtures of the above-mentioned stabilizers. .

[0071] Particularly preferred examples of stabilizers based on secondary aromatic amines which can be used according to the invention are adducts of phenylenediamine with acetone (Naugard A), adducts of phenylenediamine with linolene, Naugard 445, N,N'-dinaphthyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-N'-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine or mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0072] Suitable sterically hindered phenols are, in principle, all compounds with a phenolic structure that have at least one sterically demanding group on the phenolic ring. Preferred examples of stabilizers based on sterically hindered phenols that can be used according to the invention are N,N'-hexamethylenebis-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide, bis-(3,3-bis-(4'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butylphenyl)butanoic acid) glycol ester, 2,1'-thioethylbis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 4-4'-butylidenebis-(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), triethylene glycol 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionate, or mixtures of two or more of these stabilizers.

[0073] Bevorzugte Phosphite und Phosphonite sind Triphenylphosphit, Diphenylalkylphosphit, Phenyldialkylphosphit, Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphit, Trilaurylphosphit, Trioctadecylphosphit, Distearylphentaerythritoldiphosphit, Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphit, Diisodecylpentaerythritoldiphosphit, Bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphit, Bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)-pentaerythritoldiphosphit, Diisodecyloxypentaerythritoldiphosphit, Bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)pentaerythritoldiphosphit, Bis(2,4,6-tris-(tert-butylphenyl))pentaerythritol-diphosphit, Tristearylsorbitoltriphosphit, Tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4'-biphenylendiphosphonit, 6-Isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz-[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, 6-Fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl- 12-methyl-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, Bis(2,4-di-tert- butyl-6-methylphenyl)methylphosphit und Bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethylphosphit.In particular, tris[2-tert-butyl-4-thio(2'-methyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-tert-butyl)-phenyl-5-methyl]phenyl phosphite and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (Hostanox ®< PAR24: commercial product of Clariant, Basel) are preferred.

[0074] A preferred embodiment of the heat stabilizer consists in the combination of organic heat stabilizers (in particular Hostanox PAR 24 and Irganox 1010), a bisphenol A-based epoxy (in particular Epikote 1001) and a copper stabilization based on Cul and Kl. A commercially available stabilizer mixture consisting of organic stabilizers and epoxides is, for example, Irgatec NC66 from Ciba Spez. GmbH. A heat stabilization based exclusively on Cul and Kl is particularly preferred.

[0075] Furthermore, the polyamide molding composition according to the invention may contain, as component (C), conventional processing aids such as stabilizers, oxidation retarders, further agents against thermal decomposition and decomposition by ultraviolet light, lubricants and mold release agents, colorants such as dyes and pigments, nucleating agents, plasticizers, flame retardants, etc.

[0076] Examples of oxidation retarders and heat stabilizers include phosphites and other amines (e.g. TAD), hydroquinones, various substituted representatives of these groups and mixtures thereof in concentrations of up to 1 wt.%, based on the weight of the polyamide molding compound (I).

[0077] UV stabilizers, which are generally used in amounts of up to 2 wt.%, based on the weight of the polyamide molding compound, include various substituted resorcinols, salicylates, benzotriazoles and benzophenones.

[0078] Inorganic pigments such as titanium dioxide, ultramarine blue, iron oxide and carbon black and / or graphite, as well as organic pigments such as phthalocyanines, quinacridones, perylenes and dyes such as nigrosine and anthraquinones can be added as colorants.

[0079] Sodium phenylphosphinate, kaolin, talc, aluminum oxide, aluminosilicate, silicon dioxide and preferably talc can be used as nucleating agents.

[0080] The present invention also relates to a molding compound as used in the above-described application. All of the preferred embodiments of the molding compound described above in the context of the described application of the molding compound also apply to the molding compound according to the invention.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the molding compound according to the invention for reducing solid deposits and / or coatings is based on a polyamide molding compound consisting of the following components:(A) 77 - 100 wt.%, e.g. 77 - 99.9 wt.% of a polyamide mixture consisting of the components (A1), (A2) and (A3), where (A1) 50 - 95, preferably 60 - 90 wt.% of at least one aliphatic polyamide selected from the homopolyamides 616, 516 or 916, and the copolyamides 516 / 616, 516 / 916, 616 / 1016, 616 / 610, 616 / 612 or 616 / 614 and mixtures thereof, where the proportion of 616, 516 or 916 in the copolyamides is at least 50 mol%, preferably at least 60 mol% and in particular 80 mol%; and (A2) 0 - 50 wt.% of at least one transparent polyamide VX / WX / VY / WY / Z, wherein at least one of the polyamide units WX or WY is present and wherein the abbreviations V to Z are derived from the following molecules: V: 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine; W: MACM, PACM, TMDC; X: 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid; Y: terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid; Z: laurolactam, α,ω-aminoundecanoic acid and α,ω-aminododecanoic acid; (A3) 0 - 50 wt.-% of at least one aliphatic polyamide selected from the group consisting of PA11, PA12, PA1010, PA1012, PA1014, PA1212, PA 1214 and PA1016; where the sum of (A1) to (A3) makes up the entirety of component (A) and the sum of (A2) and (A3) is 5 to 50, preferably 10 to 40 wt.%; (B) 0 - 20 wt.% fillers and / or reinforcing materials; (C) 0 - 3 wt.%, e.g. 0.1 - 3 wt.% auxiliaries and / or additives. where the sum of components (A) to (C) amounts to 100% by weight.

[0082] This special molding compound is particularly suitable for extrusion applications.

[0083] In a further preferred embodiment, the molding compound according to the invention for reducing solid deposits and / or coatings is based on a polyamide molding compound consisting of the following components: (A) 37-80, preferably 47-80 wt.% of a polyamide mixture consisting of components (A1), (A2) and (A3), wherein (A1) 50-95, preferably 60-90 wt.% of at least one aliphatic polyamide selected from the homopolyamides 616, 516 or 916, and the copolyamides 516 / 616, 516 / 916, 616 / 1016, 616 / 610, 616 / 612 or 616 / 614 and mixtures thereof, wherein the proportion of 616, 516 or 916 in the copolyamides is at least 50 mol.%, preferably at least 60 mol.% and in particular 80 mol.%; and (A2) 0 - 50 wt.% of at least one transparent polyamide VX / WX / VY / WY / Z, wherein at least one of the polyamide units WX or WY is present and wherein the abbreviations V to Z are derived from the following molecules: V: 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine; W: MACM, PACM, TMDC; X: 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid; Y: terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid; Z: laurolactam, α,ω-aminoundecanoic acid and α,ω-aminododecanoic acid; (A3) 0 - 50 wt.-% of at least one aliphatic polyamide selected from the group consisting of PA11, PA12, PA1010, PA1012, PA1014, PA1212, PA 1214 and PA1016; where the sum of (A1) to (A3) makes up the entirety of component (A) and the sum of (A2) and (A3) is 5 to 50, preferably 10 to 40 wt.%; (B) 20 - 60, preferably 20 - 50 wt.% fillers and / or reinforcing materials; (C) 0 - 3 wt.% auxiliaries and / or additives. where the sum of components (A) to (C) amounts to 100% by weight.

[0084] This special molding compound is particularly suitable for injection molding applications.

[0085] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for the production of consumer goods by means of thermoplastic forming in discontinuous processes, in particular in injection molding, and in continuous processes such as extrusion into films, fibers, pipes and sheaths, in which a molding compound as used in the above-described use is used.

[0086] Both for the molding composition according to the invention and the process according to the invention, the same preferred embodiments apply with regard to the molding composition as described above for the use. WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION

[0087] In the examples shown in Table 1, the following materials were used: PA Type A: Polyamide 616 (η rel = 2.14), EMS-CHEMIE AG, Switzerland PA Type B: Polyamide 12 (η rel = 1.96), EMS-CHEMIE AG, Switzerland PA Type C: Polyamide MACM16 with η rel = 1.72, EMS-CHEMIE AG, Switzerland PA Type D: Polyamide MACM16 / PACM16 with η rel = 1.70, EMS-CHEMIE AG, Switzerland PA Type E: Polyamide MACM12 with η rel = 1.82, EMS-CHEMIE AG, Switzerland Irganox 1010: Pentaerythritoltetrakis-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate, antioxidant based on a sterically hindered phenol Type A glass fibers: CS 7928, 4.5 mm long, 10 µm diameter, BAYER AG, Germany Type B glass fibers: CSG3PA-820, 3 mm long, 28 µm wide, 7 µm thick, aspect ratio of the cross-sectional axes = 4, (flat glass fibers)

[0088] The molding compounds with the compositions shown in Table 1 and Table 2 were produced on a Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK 30 twin-screw extruder. The granules of types A to D and the stabilizer were metered into the feed zone. The glass fiber was metered into the polymer melt via a side feeder three housing units upstream of the die.

[0089] The housing temperature was set as an ascending profile from 220 to 280°C. A throughput of 10 kg was achieved at 150 to 200 rpm. Pelletizing was performed using underwater pelletizing or hot-cutting, in which the polymer melt is forced through a perforated die and, immediately after exiting the die, is pelletized by a rotating knife in a water stream. After pelletizing and drying at 100°C for 24 hours, the pellet properties were measured and the test specimens were produced.

[0090] The test specimens for determining the mechanical properties of the unreinforced and reinforced molding compounds were produced on an Arburg injection molding machine, with cylinder temperatures set between 230°C and 270°C and a screw peripheral speed of 15 m / min. The mold temperature was set at 80°C.

[0091] The measurements were carried out according to the following standards and on the following test specimens. Tensile modulus of elasticity:

[0092] ISO 527:2012 with a tensile speed of 1 mm / min, ISO tensile test specimen, standard: ISO / CD 3167 (DIN EN ISO 3167:2014), type A1, 170 x 20 / 10 x 4 mm, temperature 23°C Breaking strength and elongation:

[0093] ISO 527:2012 with a tensile speed of 5 mm / min for reinforced molding compounds and a tensile speed of 50 mm / min for unreinforced molding compounds. ISO tensile test specimen, standard: ISO / CD 3167 (DIN EN ISO 3167:2014), type A1, 170 x 20 / 10 x 4 mm, temperature 23°C Charpy impact strength:

[0094] ISO 179 / *eU (DIN EN ISO 3167:2014), ISO test bar, standard: ISO / CD 3167 (DIN EN ISO 3167:2014), type B1, 80 x 10 x 4 mm, temperature 23 °C, * 1 = not instrumented, 2 = instrumented Charpy impact strength:

[0095] ISO 179 / *eA (DIN EN ISO 3167:2014), ISO test bar, standard: ISO / CD 3167 (DIN EN ISO 3167:2014), type B1, 80 x 10 x 4 mm, temperature 23 °C, * 1 = not instrumented, 2 = instrumented Glass transition temperature (Tg), melting point (Tm) and enthalpy of fusion (ΔHm):

[0096] ISO standard 11357 (-1, -2, -3):2013, granules.

[0097] Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed at a heating rate of 20 °C / min. Relative viscosity:

[0098] DIN EN ISO 307:2013, determined using a solution of 0.5 g polymer granules in 100 ml m-cresol, temperature 20 °C

[0099] Unless otherwise stated in the table, the test specimens are used in a dry state. For this purpose, the test specimens are stored for at least 48 hours at room temperature in a dry environment after injection molding. Extrusion of corrugated pipes: Examples B1 to B5 (according to the invention) and comparative examples VB1, VB2, VB8 and VB10

[0100] To investigate the effect of polyamide molding compounds on the production of corrugated pipes, the compounds were prepared according to Table 1 and processed into corrugated pipes in a long-term test. The material was extruded at 250 °C (Müller & Sohn AG, Rorbas) and processed into corrugated pipes (Uniwell Corrugator) at a withdrawal speed of 2 m / min and a mold jaw temperature of 50 °C. With the compounds according to the invention, very little (rating "+") or even no deposits (rating "++") were observed at the vacuum slots after 10 hours, whereas with the PA12-based molding compounds in the comparative tests, a significant deposit formed after just 2 and 3 hours, respectively, and clogged the vacuum slots after 3 and 6 hours, respectively. Table 1: Properties of unreinforced molding compounds, corrugated pipe production and film production, VB = comparative example, not according to the invention, B = example according to the invention. Components Unit VB1 VB2 VB8 VB10 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 PA Type A % by weight 59.5 99.5 84.5 59.5 79.5 69.5 PA Type B % by weight 99.5 84.5 59.5 20.0 20.0 PA Type C % by weight 15.0 15.0 PA Type D % by weight 40.0 10.0 PA Type E % by weight 40.0 40.0 IRGANOX 1010 % by weight 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Characteristics Tm °C 178 178 177 193 197 196 194 197 195 Water absorption 23°C / 50% RH % 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 Tensile modulus of elasticity MPa 1300 1400 1510 1570 1440 1480 1560 1380 1380 Breaking strength MPa 50 54 56 50 55 52 58 53 52 Elongation at break % 275 220 210 170 280 220 260 280 250 Charpy impact strength, 23°C kJ / m 2 whether whether whether 70 whether whether whether whether whether Charpy impact strength, 23°C kJ / m 2 7 7 8 5 8 8 10 8 8 Deposit formation on corrugated pipes - -- - + + ++ ++ + ++ Test number flat films VB3 VB4 VB9 VB11 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 Deposit formation flat films -- - - + + ++ ++ + ++ Extrusion of films on a cooled roll: Examples B6 to B10 (according to the invention) and Comparative Examples VB3, VB4, VB9 and VB11

[0101] The compositions according to Table 1 were melted and drawn off as film on a ZK 25 T twin-screw extruder from Collin, Ebersberg, Germany. The film formation was monitored over a period of 90 minutes. The diameter of the two co-rotating screws was 25 mm, and the length / diameter ratio was L / D=8 / 1. The granules were metered via a K-Tron K-SFS-24 gravimetric feeder with screw conveyor and melted through five heating zones at 100, 230, 240, 240, and 240 °C. The melt was discharged through a horizontal slot die (120 mm). The speed was 150 rpm at a throughput of 3 kg / h. The film was drawn off, smoothed, and wound up by a Collin Chill Roll type CR 72 T flat film line. The first two rolls were temperature-controlled (20 °C) and closed. The film then ran over a cooling roller and was wound up.During extrusion of the PA12-based molding compounds, solid deposits formed on the upper temperature-controlled roller within a few minutes (10 minutes for VB3 (rating "--") and 18 minutes for VB4 (rating "-")). These deposits occasionally detached from the roller and remained on the film. With the compositions according to the invention, slight deposit formation was only visible after 60 minutes (rating "+"), or was not observed within the 90-minute test period (rating "++"). Injection molding: Examples B11 to B14 (according to the invention) and comparative examples VB5 to VB7, VB12 and VB13:

[0102] Investigations into deposit formation during processing of the compositions listed in Table 2 were conducted on a Krauss Maffei KM 50-55C injection molding system. A module for weld line tensile bars was used as the mold, which featured a nitrided vent insert with a 0.01 mm vent depth. The molding compounds were melted (barrel temperatures ranging from 230-270 °C) and produced into tensile bars at an injection speed of 100 mm / s (Table 2). At the vent opening of the tool, a deposit formation could be observed after only 10 - 20 cycles (assessment "-") for the PA12-based molding compounds (VB5 to VB7, VB13), while the inventive molding compounds B11 to B14 did not form any deposit even after 100 processing cycles (assessment "+") or after 200 processing cycles (assessment "++"). Table 2: Properties of reinforced molding compounds, injection molding, VB = comparative example, not according to the invention, B = example according to the invention. Components Unit VB5 VB6 VB7 VB12 VB13 B11 B12 B13 B14 PA Type A % by weight 29.5 49.5 34.5 29.5 39.5 PA Type B % by weight 49.5 34.5 39.5 29.5 10.0 PA Type C % by weight 15.0 15.0 PA Type D % by weight 10.0 20.0 PA Type E % by weight 20.0 20.0 IRGANOX 1010 % by weight 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Fiber optic type A % by weight 50 50 50 50 50 Fiber optic type B % by weight 50 50 50 50 Characteristics MVR cc / 10 min Tm °C Tensile modulus of elasticity MPa 11720 12000 11900 12000 11940 11840 11950 11880 11700 Breaking strength MPa 149 157 154 148 155 152 154 156 151 Elongation at break % 4.7 3.3 3.9 2.6 3.3 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.2 Charpy impact strength, 23°C kJ / m 2< 80 85 89 62 87 98 92 96 95 Charpy impact strength, 23°C kJ / m 2< 22 24 25 12 23 26 25 28 25 Deposit formation injection molding - - - + - + ++ ++ +

Claims

1. Use of thermoplastic polyamide moulding compounds, comprising or consisting of (A) 37 - 100% by weight of a polyamide mixture consisting of components (A1), (A2) and (A3), (A1) 50 - 100% by weight of at least one aliphatic polyamide which comprises at least up to 50% by mol of at least one polyamide unit selected from the group consisting of 616, 916 and 516 or consists hereof; and (A2) 0 - 50% by weight of at least one transparent polyamide VX / WX / VY / WY / Z, at least one of the polyamide units WX or WY being present and the abbreviations V to Z being derived from the following molecules: V: acyclic, aliphatic diamine with 6 to 12 carbon atoms; W: cycloaliphatic diamine; X: at least one acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with 9 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein at least one acyclic, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with 16 carbon atoms (X1) constituting at least 50% by mol of all dicarboxylic acids X; Y: aromatic dicarboxylic acids, Z: lactams and aminocarboxylic acids with 6 to 12 carbon atoms; (A3) 0 - 50% by weight of at least one aliphatic polyamide selected from the group consisting of PA11, PA12 and P10U with U = amidically bonded acyclic, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with 10 to 18 carbon atoms; the sum of (A1) to (A3) producing the totality of component (A); (B) 0 - 60% by weight of fillers and / or reinforcing materials; (C) 0 - 3% by weight of aids and / or additives; the sum of components (A) to (C) constituting 100% by weight, for reducing solid material deposits and / or coatings during thermoplastic reshaping to form everyday articles in discontinuous processes, in particular in injection moulding, and in continuous processes, such as extrusion, to form films, fibres, pipes and coverings.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least one aliphatic polyamide of component (A1) consists at least up to 60% by mol, preferably up to 80% by mol and very particular preferably up to 100% by mol, of the polyamide units selected from the group consisting of 616, 916 and 516.

3. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the polyamide units, which are present in addition to the polyamide units 616, 916 and / or 516 in component (A1), concern polyamide units 6S, 9S or 10S, S being an acyclic, aliphatic dicarboxylic acid with 9 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 16 carbon atoms.

4. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sum of components (A2) and (A3) is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight and in particular 15 to 35% by weight, relative to the sum of components (A1) to (A3).

5. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that component (A1) concerns homopolyamides PA616, PA916 or PA516, and also copolyamides 516 / 616, 516 / 916, 616 / 1016, 616 / 610, 616 / 612 or 616 / 614 and mixtures thereof.

6. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that component (A1) is based predominantly on monomers which are available from renewable raw materials, and the biocomponent according to ASTM D6866-068a of polyamide (A1) is at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 65% by weight and in particular at least 68% by weight.

7. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that component (A2) concerns MACM16, PACM16, MACM16 / PACM16, MACMI / MACMT / MACM16 or 6I / 6T / 616 / MACMI / MACMT / MACM16 or a mixture of two or more of these systems.

8. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the reinforcing means of component (B) are selected from the group: glass fibres, carbon fibres, boron fibres, aramide fibres, basalt fibres or mixtures of such fibres, and / or the fillers of component (B) are selected from the group: talc, mica, silicate, quartz, titanium dioxide, wollastonite, kaolin, amorphous silicic acids, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, chalk, lime, feldspar, barium sulphate, solid or hollow glass balls or ground glass.

9. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that component (B) is formed completely of glass fibres.

10. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one aliphatic polyamide (A1) has a solution viscosity determined according to ISO 307:2013 on a solution of 0.5 g polymer in 100 g m-cresol at 20°C in the range of ηrel = 1.6 to 3.0, preferably in the range of ηrel = 1. 7 to 2.7, in particular in the range of 1.80 to 2.30, and / or the at least one transparent polyamide (A2) has a solution viscosity (ηrel) determined according to ISO 307:2013 on a solution of 0.5 g polymer in 100 g m-cresol at 20°C in the range of 1.4 and 2.2, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 2.0 and in particular in the range of 1.60 to 1.90, and / or has a glass transition temperature Tg determined according to ISO 11357-2:2013 at a heating rate of 20ºC / min above 90°C, preferably above 100°C, further preferably above 120°C, particularly preferably above 130°C, and / or the at least one aliphatic polyamide (A3) has a solution viscosity (ηrel) determined according to ISO 307:2013 on a solution of 0.5 g polymer in 100 g m-cresol at 20°C in the range of nrel = 1.5 to 3.0, preferably in the range of ηrel = 1.6 to 2.6, in particular in the range of 1.70 to 2.30.

11. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one transparent polyamide (A2) is an amorphous polyamide with a melting enthalpy determined according to ISO 11357-3:2013 at a heating rate of 20ºC / min of less than 4 J / g, or the at least one transparent polyamide (A2) is a microcrystalline polyamide with a melting enthalpy determined according to ISO 11357-3:2013 at a heating rate of 20ºC / min in the range of 4 to 25 J / g.

12. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, respectively relative to the total polyamide moulding compound, component (A) is in the range of 42 to 90% by weight, preferably 47 to 80% by weight and particularly preferably 47 to 79.9% by weight, and / or component (B) is in the range of 10 - 55% by weight, preferably in the range of 20 - 50% by weight, particularly preferably in the form of glass fibres, and / or component (C) is in the range of 0.1- 3.0% by weight, preferably in the range of 0.5 - 2.0% by weight.

13. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, relative to the polyamide mixture (A), the proportion of the at least one polyamide (A1) is 50 to 95% by weight, preferably 60 to 90% by weight and in particular 65 to 85% by weight, and the proportion of the mixture made of the at least one polyamides (A2) and (A3) is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight and in particular 15 to 35% by weight or of the at least one polyamide (A1) is 50 to 90% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, the proportion of the at least one polyamide (A2) is 5 to 25% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 20% by weight, and the proportion of the at least one polyamide (A3) is 5 to 25% by weight, particularly preferably of 10 to 20% by weight.

14. Polyamide moulding compound, comprising or consisting of (A) 77 - 100% by weight of a polyamide mixture consisting of components (A1), (A2) and (A3), (A1) 50 - 95, preferably 60 - 90% by weight, of at least one aliphatic polyamide selected from homopolyamides 616, 516 or 916, and also copolyamides 516 / 616, 516 / 916, 616 / 1016, 616 / 610, 616 / 612 or 616 / 614 and mixtures thereof, the proportion of 616, 516 or 916 in the copolyamides constituting at least 50% by mol, preferably at least 60% by mol and in particular 80% by mol; and (A2) 0 - 50% by weight of at least one transparent polyamide VX / WX / VY / WY / Z, at least one of the polyamide units WX or WY being present and the abbreviations V to Z being derived from the following molecules: V: 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine; W: MACM, PACM, TMDC; X: 1,16-hexadecanedioic acid; Y: terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid; Z: laurinlactam, α,ω-aminoundecanoic acid and α,ω-aminododecanoic acid; (A3) 0 - 50% by weight of at least one aliphatic polyamide selected from the group consisting of PA11, PA12, PA1010, PA1012, PA1014, PA1212, PA1214 and PA1016; the sum of (A1) to (A3) producing 100% by weight of (A); (B) 0 - 20% by weight of fillers and / or reinforcing materials; (C) 0 - 3% by weight of aids and / or additives; the sum of components (A) to (C) constituting 100% by weight.

15. Method for the production of everyday articles in discontinuous processes, in particular in injection moulding, and in continuous processes, such as extrusion to form films, fibres, pipes and coverings in which a polyamide moulding compound according to the preceding claim is used.