DOCUMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DOCUMENT

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a document and a method for producing a document.

[0002] Documents, especially security documents, are widespread in many areas of the public, government and private sectors. To increase protection against counterfeiting, documents such as banknotes, passports, ID cards, check cards, credit cards, visas or certificates often have window areas in which security elements are arranged, which can be viewed in incident and / or transmitted light. To produce such window areas, openings are first typically made in the carrier substrate by means of punching, which are then covered with a film containing the corresponding security elements. As an alternative to creating the openings by punching, cutting processes such as water jet cutting are also used. All known processes for producing the window areas have in common that the removed part of the carrier substrate forming the window area is used as a residue orWaste remains. This not only creates waste, but often requires complex collection and disposal, as there are regulations, particularly for carrier substrates used in the security sector, that require disposal without reusable residues, such as incineration.

[0003] For example, DE 43 34 847 A1 discloses the creation of an opening in a value document by means of a punching or cutting process, whereby laser cutting, for example, can be used as the cutting process.

[0004] EP 2 533 982 B1 describes a security element for a value document comprising a series of openings, the arrangement of which forms a data element. The openings are created by laser perforation.

[0005] EP 1 997 643 A2 relates to a security document and a method for its production.

[0006] EP 2 384 901 A1 relates to a value document with a cutout.

[0007] WO 2011 / 138007 A1 relates to a data carrier with a polymer substrate with a motif area.

[0008] DE 10 2010 053052 A1 concerns a data carrier with marking.

[0009] WO 2004 / 097112 A1 relates to a planar security element and a manufacturing method for the same.

[0010] DE 10 2006 051 524 A1 concerns a security element.

[0011] DE 10 2011 119213 A1 relates to a method for producing a value document substrate, device and value document substrate.

[0012] DE 10 2011 103 000 A1 relates to a method and device for hot stamping.

[0013] WO 2017 / 076872 A2 relates to a method and an application device for applying a transfer layer of a film to a substrate.

[0014] DE 10 2016 201976 B3 relates to a device and a method for processing a substrate.

[0015] The invention is based on the object of providing an improved document and an improved method for producing a document.

[0016] This object is achieved by a document according to claim 1. This object is further achieved by a method according to claim 12 for producing a document according to one of claims 1 to 11. Preferably, the steps of the method are carried out in the order a), b), c) or a), c), b). In particular, the steps of the method are carried out in any desired order, wherein one or more of the steps c), a), b) are particularly preferably not carried out, such as for example in the order a), c), c), and / or are particularly preferably carried out multiple times, such as for example in the order a), b), b), c), c).

[0017] The carrier substrate can be single-layered or multi-layered.

[0018] It has been shown that the document according to the invention and the method according to the invention for producing a document create or provide a new and improved type of perforation in carrier substrates. Because the decorative layer is visible in the perforated areas from the back of the carrier substrate, particularly memorable optical impressions and effects result for a viewer due to the high contrast between the preferably matt and light carrier substrate and the decorative layer visible through the perforations. Furthermore, the document enables features present in the decorative layer, in particular existing, coarsely pre-structured features, to stand out particularly prominently due to the design of the perforated areas. Furthermore, the method makes it possible to introduce the perforations into the carrier substrate after application of the decorative layer.This makes it possible to create closed outer contours without the perforated area falling off or protruding, as the decorative layer secures it. This avoids waste and, at the same time, enables innovative perforations or window areas. Furthermore, the applied decorative layer has an overall stabilizing effect, particularly for any subsequent perforation of the carrier substrate after the decorative layer has been applied.

[0019] The term "document" also includes possible uses of the carrier substrate as packaging, part of packaging, labels, or other applications where the formation of perforations is useful and appropriate. The carrier substrate can therefore be packaging, part of packaging, a carrier layer or another layer of a label, or a layer of a trademark, a band, or similar. In particular, such a label, trademark, or band can then be applied to another substrate, for example, as a tax stamp, tax stamp, seal, token, or mark.

[0020] The designations top side and / or bottom side serve in particular to distinguish the surfaces of the carrier substrate and represent a reference system. However, it is also possible to use the designations first side and second side instead of these reference designations.

[0021] In this context, a region is understood to mean a defined area of ​​a layer or ply that, when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate, is occupied. For example, the carrier substrate has one or more first regions, each of which occupies a defined area when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate.

[0022] Breaking through a layer is understood here to mean the complete removal of a layer, in particular by means of laser cutting and / or laser ablation. If, for example, a layer is broken through in one area, the corresponding layer in this area is completely removed. The breaking through is preferably carried out as a result of laser cutting and / or laser ablation, so that the broken layers in the corresponding areas are removed and / or ablated and / or burned and / or vaporized without leaving any residue. For example, the at least one layer in the one or more first areas is completely removed, in particular by means of laser cutting and / or laser ablation, so that the at least one layer in the one or more first areas is removed without leaving any residue.

[0023] Preferably, one or more of the first and / or second regions are not completely removed or broken through directly thereafter or in a further step, so that an engraving or a type of engraving is created in the carrier substrate, which can be combined with the remaining design of the carrier substrate.

[0024] This perforation or complete removal of the corresponding layers ensures that no residue or waste remains, as the perforated or completely removed areas are ablated and / or incinerated and / or vaporized due to the residue-free laser processing. This means that, on the one hand, no waste is generated, and, on the other hand, its costly disposal with the associated effort of appropriate logging and security is avoided, thus reducing manufacturing costs. Furthermore, this perforation or complete removal means that no residues or burrs of the carrier substrate remain, which could lead to problems such as contamination in further processing, particularly due to the typically high running speed of the carrier substrate during processing. This reduces waste.

[0025] In particular, during laser processing of paper substrates, local combustion processes occur at the point of exposure to the laser energy. It is advantageous to extract the resulting gaseous and / or dust-like fumes quickly and as completely as possible using at least one extraction device and / or blow them away using at least one blower device to prevent contaminants such as soot from depositing on the substrate due to these fumes and causing adverse effects in possible subsequent process steps.

[0026] The fume gases are preferably extracted in a chamber in which the lasering also takes place. In particular, a number of chambers are connected to one another, with lasering taking place in one or more of the connected chambers. The chamber or one or more or all of the connected chambers are preferably self-contained, with preferably no exchange of air and / or gases taking place between the chamber or the connected chambers and the outside world. In particular, the chamber has at least one viewing window. In the chamber, the extraction is preferably targeted so that no very high suction power is required. Furthermore, with extraction within the chamber, the risk of foreign bodies of various sizes being sucked in during extraction, which in particular hinders the lasering and / or other process steps, is reduced.

[0027] Visible here means that the decorative layer is visible to a viewer when viewing the document with the unaided human eye, in particular by a sensor or a sensor unit when capturing the document, from the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0028] Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

[0029] It is advantageous if the decorative layer defines and / or predetermines optical effects, in particular optically variable effects, which are perceptible to a viewer in the one or more first regions, at least on the side facing the carrier substrate and / or also on the side facing away from the carrier substrate and which are visible when the document is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate. The decorative layer thus defines, through its design, the optical effects visible to a viewer in the exposed one or more first regions from the underside of the carrier substrate. In the non-exposed regions of the side of the decorative layer facing the carrier substrate, the optical effects are covered by the carrier substrate and are therefore not optically effective or only weakly optically effective.

[0030] Preferably, the top sides and / or the bottom side of the carrier substrate each provide one or more optical and / or optically variable effects that can be detected by a viewer or a sensor or a sensor unit, wherein one or more of the optical or optically variable effects provide different colors, and wherein in particular at least one of the optical or optically variable effects is provided in the at least one exposed first region.

[0031] For example, an observer may detect a surprising two- or multi-color optical effect when viewing the document, wherein the top side of the carrier substrate provides a colored optical effect in a first color, for example blue, and on the underside of the carrier substrate provides a further optical effect in a second color, for example green, and wherein the further optical effect would not be detectable by the observer without the exposed first area or areas.

[0032] The carrier substrate is expediently a paper substrate, in particular a single-layer paper substrate. It is also possible for the carrier substrate to comprise cotton fibers, wood fibers, cellulose fibers, textile fibers, and / or plastic fibers. Such carrier substrates can be removed without residue using a laser, in particular by local combustion or evaporation.

[0033] Furthermore, it is also possible for the carrier substrate to comprise one or more, in particular transparent, plastic layers arranged on the top and / or bottom of the carrier substrate, wherein, in particular, at least the one or more, in particular transparent, plastic layers arranged on the bottom of the carrier substrate are perforated by the laser in the one or more first regions. This ensures that the decorative layer is visible in the one or more first regions when viewing the document from the bottom of the carrier substrate.

[0034] It is advantageous if the plastic layers cover a larger area than the decorative layer and overlap and / or protrude beyond the decorative layer. If the decorative layer is designed in strip form, it is advantageous if the plastic layers protrude beyond the decorative layer on both long sides. If the decorative layer is designed in patch form, it is advantageous if the plastic layers protrude beyond the decorative layer on all sides. It is also advantageous if the plastic layers completely cover the one or more first and / or second and / or third regions and / or protrude beyond the one or more first and / or second and / or third regions on all sides.

[0035] It is also possible for the method to further comprise the following step, which is carried out in particular before step b) and / or c): - Applying one or more, in particular transparent, plastic layers, which are applied in particular to the top and / or bottom of the carrier substrate. This allows the one or more first regions in which the at least one layer of the carrier substrate is perforated to be sealed, so that, for example, no contaminants can penetrate the exposed regions.

[0036] Advantageously, the carrier substrate is a multilayer hybrid substrate comprising one or more paper layers and one or more plastic layers, wherein, in particular, the one or more paper layers are perforated by the laser in the one or more first regions. This allows the decorative layer in the one or more first regions to be visible when viewing the document from the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0037] It is also possible for the carrier substrate to be a multilayer polymer substrate comprising a transparent plastic layer and one or more opaque layers, wherein, in particular, the one or more opaque layers are perforated by the laser in the one or more first regions. This also makes it possible for the decorative layer in the one or more first regions to be visible when viewing the document from the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0038] The carrier substrate preferably has a layer thickness between 30 µm and 250 µm, more preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm. Such layer thicknesses can be easily perforated using a laser, ensuring residue-free removal and delicate perforations.

[0039] It is advantageous if the carrier substrate contains additives, in particular security fibers and / or security pigments and / or dyes.

[0040] The at least one layer of the carrier substrate is perforated in one or more second regions by means of the laser such that the decorative layer in the one or more second regions is visible when the document is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate, wherein the one or more second regions have a different pattern and / or a different contour and / or a different coding than the one or more first regions.

[0041] It is further possible for the method to further comprise the following step, which is carried out in particular before step b): d) breaking through at least one layer of the carrier substrate in one or more second regions by means of a laser such that the decorative layer is visible in the one or more second regions when the document is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0042] In particular, this makes it possible to create different motifs and / or patterns that are visible from the underside of the carrier substrate, thus further increasing the memorability and thus the protection against forgery of the document.

[0043] Here too, it is advantageous if the decorative layer defines and / or predetermines optical effects perceptible to a viewer, in particular optically variable effects, in the one or more second regions at least on the side facing the carrier substrate and / or also on the free side facing away from the carrier substrate, which are visible when the document is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate. The decorative layer thus defines, through its design, the optical effects visible to a viewer in the exposed one or more second regions from the underside of the carrier substrate. In the non-exposed regions of the side of the decorative layer facing the carrier substrate, the optical effects are preferably covered by the carrier substrate and are therefore not optically effective or only weakly optically effective.

[0044] Furthermore, it is possible that the one or more first regions are connected to the one or more second regions and / or overlap at least in some regions.

[0045] Advantageously, the carrier substrate is completely perforated in the one or more first and / or second regions. It is also possible for the carrier substrate to be completely perforated in the one or more first and / or second regions in step c) and / or d).

[0046] According to a further embodiment of the invention, each of the one or more first and / or second regions lies within a predefined surface area, wherein, when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate, each of the one or more first and / or second regions comprises, in particular, a maximum of 25%, preferably a maximum of 10%, of the area of ​​the respective predefined surface area or the area of ​​the respective document. The predefined surface area comprises, in particular, a partial area or the entire area of ​​the document.

[0047] For example, one of the lateral dimensions of the predefined surface area corresponds to the height of the document, in particular the height of a banknote, and another lateral dimension is freely chosen.

[0048] Predefined here refers to a predetermined value or value range, or a predetermined shape or geometry, which in particular encompasses 100% of the surface. For example, a predefined surface area is defined by a rectangle with a specific surface area. This surface area preferably corresponds to 100%, so that in particular a maximum of 25%, preferably a maximum of 10%, of this predefined surface area is removed by perforations in the one or more first and / or second areas.

[0049] This makes it possible to create particularly striking optical effects, since the small surface coverage of the one or more first and / or second regions results in a high contrast between the carrier substrate and the decorative layer visible through the one or more first and / or second regions.

[0050] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the width, in particular the line width, and / or the diameter of the one or more first regions and / or second regions, when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate, is at most 2 mm, preferably at most 1 mm.

[0051] It is also possible that in step c) and / or d) the laser beam is widened by means of a lens system and / or by means of a laser marking head having more than one, preferably more than two, axes of movement in such a way that the beam diameter at the focal point is a maximum of 2 mm, preferably a maximum of 1 mm.

[0052] This makes it possible to expose coarsely pre-structured features, such as colored areas or areas with optically variable effects, on the underside of the decorative layer by means of delicate perforations in the carrier substrate. This type of exposure allows for particularly striking and high-contrast optical effects to be achieved, which are visible from the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0053] Furthermore, it is expedient if the width, in particular the line width, and / or the diameter of the one or more first regions and / or second regions when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate is selected such that the decorative layer in the one or more first regions and / or second regions is visible to the human eye when the document is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate, and / or that the width, in particular the line width, and / or the diameter of the one or more first regions and / or second regions when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate is at least 20 µm, preferably at least 50 µm, particularly preferably at least 100 µm. For this purpose, it is expedient that in step c) and / or d) a laser with a beam diameter at the focal point of at least 20 µm, preferably at least 50 µm, particularly preferably at least 100 µm is used.

[0054] It has been shown that by means of such widths, in particular line widths, and / or diameters, on the one hand the visibility of the decorative layer in the one or more first and / or second regions from the underside of the carrier substrate can be ensured and, on the other hand, particularly filigree openings can be created.

[0055] The document provides in one or more of the first and / or second and / or third regions, in particular in regions comprising the decorative layer, a first optical effect, in particular a first optically variable effect, which can be detected in incident light by a sensor unit.

[0056] Preferably, the document provides a first optical effect, in particular a first optically variable effect, in one or more of the first and / or second and / or third regions, in particular in regions comprising the decorative layer, which can be detected in incident light by a sensor unit and is visible to the human eye, and / or the document has at least a first transmittance in one or more of the first and / or second and / or third regions, in particular in regions comprising the decorative layer, which can be detected in transmitted light by means of a sensor unit and / or is visible to the human eye, and has in the regions outside the first and / or second and / or third regions, in particular in regions comprising the carrier film and the at least one decorative layer, preferably in regions comprising the non-perforated carrier film and the at least one decorative layer,more preferably within the first and / or second and / or third regions, at least one second transmittance or at least one further transmittance, wherein the at least one second transmittance or the at least one further transmittance can be detected in transmitted light by a sensor unit and / or is visible to the human eye, wherein the at least one first transmittance, the at least one second transmittance and / or the at least one further transmittance differ at least partially from one another or the at least one first transmittance, the at least one second transmittance and / or the at least one further transmittance are at least partially or completely identical.

[0057] Preferably, one or more of the third regions have at least one third transmittance which differs from the at least one first and / or the at least one second transmittance and / or the at least one further transmittance or is partially or completely the same.

[0058] In particular, the decorative layer and / or the carrier substrate and / or the document comprising the at least one decorative layer and the carrier substrate has locally different transmittances.

[0059] The sensor unit is preferably selected or combined from: a camera, in particular a camera comprising a CCD chip (CCD = "charge-coupled device"), an IR camera (IR = infrared), a UV camera (UV = ultraviolet), or a transition edge sensor (TES).

[0060] "Transmittance" is preferably understood as a measure which indicates the transmitted portion of the electromagnetic waves penetrating through areas of the document, in particular the first, second and / or third areas, or of the penetrating light, in particular the penetrating infrared light and / or the penetrating UV light.

[0061] Preferably, the first and the second transmittance differ by at least 0.1%, in particular by at least 1%, preferably by at least 10%, particularly preferably by at least 25%, particularly preferably by at least 50% and thereby provide in particular a contrast.

[0062] The delicate perforations provide advantageous protection against counterfeiting, particularly due to their verifiability in reflected and transmitted light. In reflected light, the locally exposed optical effects of the decorative layer are preferably inspected. In transmitted light, the delicate perforations exhibit a higher transmittance than in the adjacent areas due to the locally missing carrier substrate. This contrast between the delicate perforations, where only the decorative layer is present, and the adjacent areas, where the carrier substrate and the decorative layer are present, can then be visually verified. A counterfeiter could simulate the optical effects in the delicate perforations in reflected light using finely printed metallic pigments or metal pigments, or even using delicately applied hot or cold stamping foils.However, the forgery would be detectable in transmitted light because the first and / or second and / or third areas or the delicate perforations would have a lower transmittance, while the authentic document would have a higher transmittance within the first and / or second and / or third areas or the delicate perforations. This means that the delicate perforations would appear comparatively dark in transmitted light in the forgery, but would have to be comparatively bright in the authentic document.

[0063] Furthermore, it is also possible to vary the beam diameter at the focal point in step c) and / or d) during the penetration of the at least one layer of the carrier substrate. Advantageously, the focus of the laser is changed, in particular by means of a lens system and / or by means of a laser marking head having more than one, preferably more than two, axes of movement. This allows the widths, in particular the line widths, and / or diameters of the one or more first and / or second regions to be varied.

[0064] According to a further embodiment of the invention, at least a third region of the carrier substrate is cut out by means of punching and / or by means of a laser, in particular such that the decorative layer in the at least one third region is visible when viewing the document from the underside of the carrier substrate, in particular wherein the at least one third region has an area that is at least 4, preferably at least 8, more preferably at least 10, larger than the one or more first and / or second regions.

[0065] It is thus possible for the method to further comprise the following step, which is carried out in particular before step b): e) cutting out at least one third region of the carrier substrate by means of punching and / or by means of a laser, in particular in such a way that the decorative layer in the at least one third region is visible when the document is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0066] This makes it possible for the decorative layer to be visible from the underside of the carrier substrate not only in the one or more first and / or second regions but also in the at least one third region. Because the at least one third region occupies a larger area than the particularly delicate one or more first and / or second regions, it is possible, for example, to combine larger-area motifs in the at least one third region with delicate lines in the one or more first and / or second regions. In contrast to the one or more first and / or second regions, the carrier substrate is not perforated in the at least one third region, but rather punched, for example, although the punched-out waste must be vacuumed away and disposed of. This makes it possible, for example, to combine window production by means of punching and / or laser cutting with the present invention.

[0067] It is also possible that the one or more first and / or second regions are connected to the at least one third region and / or overlap at least in some regions.

[0068] It is advantageous if the one or more first and / or second regions are designed in a pattern, in particular as a graphic motif, alphanumerically, linearly, dot-like, and / or as a machine-readable coding. A pattern can be, for example, a graphically designed outline, a figurative representation, an image, a motif, a symbol, a logo, a portrait, an alphanumeric character, a text, and / or the like, or a combination of one or more of the above patterns.

[0069] It is advantageous if the one or more third regions are designed in a pattern, in particular as a graphic motif and / or as a machine-readable code. A pattern can be, for example, a graphically designed outline, an outline of a figurative representation, a motif outline, a symbol outline, a logo outline, or the like.

[0070] The one or more first and / or second and / or third areas are preferably individualized and / or personalized, so that, for example, one or more first and / or second and / or third areas can be customized for each document and / or each document sheet and / or each document batch or each similar document group.

[0071] Preferably, each document is provided with at least one individualized first, second, and / or third region, with banknotes in particular each having a first, second, and / or third region having one or more random patterns. These patterns are calculated, for example, by means of a computer and / or using at least one pseudorandom function, pseudorandom distribution, random function, and / or random distribution, and / or provided by a database and / or a cloud. For example, passport documents can be individualized such that the at least one first, second, and / or third region designed as a pattern provides the portrait of the respective passport document holder. In particular, the patterns are composed of one or more of the first, second, and / or third regions.

[0072] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the one or more first regions are arranged according to a line grid. Advantageously, the grid width of the line grid corresponds substantially to the layer thickness of the carrier substrate, and / or the grid width of the line grid is between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm, more preferably between 70 µm and 90 µm. This makes it possible for the decorative layer to be visible to a viewer depending on a lateral viewing angle. For example, it is possible for the decorative layer to be invisible to a viewer who views the document from a lateral viewing angle of greater than 35°, preferably greater than 25°. Furthermore, it is possible to create a color-changing effect by making the visibility of the decorative layer dependent on the viewing angle.

[0073] Preferred embodiments of the decorative layer are described below: It is possible for the decorative layer to be formed in one or more layers.

[0074] It is also advantageous if the decorative layer is applied in regions to the upper side of the carrier substrate, wherein the decorative layer is preferably applied in strip form to the upper side of the carrier substrate, wherein the strip particularly preferably extends from one of the document edges to the corresponding opposite document edge across the entire document. In particular, the decorative layer is additionally or alternatively applied in patch form to the upper side of the carrier substrate, wherein the at least one patch covers any desired limited area of ​​the carrier substrate. Preferably, a plurality of decorative layers present in regions are provided on the carrier substrate, wherein the decorative layers are particularly preferably all arranged on the same side of the carrier substrate and / or on different sides of the carrier substrate.

[0075] When viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate, the decorative layer completely covers the one or more first and / or second and / or third regions. This ensures that the decorative layer or the optical effects created by the decorative layer are visible from the underside of the carrier substrate in all perforated regions. Furthermore, it is possible for the decorative layer to completely cover the predefined surface regions when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate. It is also expedient if, in step b), the decorative layer is applied in such a way that, when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate, the decorative layer completely covers the one or more first and / or second regions and / or third regions and / or the predefined surface regions.

[0076] Furthermore, it is possible that the decorative layer, when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate, only partially covers the one or more first and / or second and / or third regions, wherein parts of the one or more first and / or second and / or third regions are exposed and in particular form continuous gaps in the carrier substrate, which have a further optical effect, preferably a high degree of transmission, in transmitted light.

[0077] The decorative layer preferably has one or more color layers, one or more layers with optically variable pigments, one or more thin-film layer systems, one or more layers producing an optically variable effect, one or more layers with color pigments and / or dissolved dyes, and / or one or more layers with microstructures. Advantageously, the layers produce at least one color effect in the range of wavelengths visible to the human eye, in particular in one or more or in the entire wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm, and / or in one or more further wavelength ranges, in particular in one or more or in the entire ultraviolet wavelength range and / or in one or more or in the entire infrared wavelength range when viewing the document from the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0078] In this way, particularly memorable optical effects, in particular optically variable effects, can be created, which, in particular in combination with the high contrast between the matt carrier substrate and the visible one or more first and / or second areas when viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate, serve to increase the recognition and thus the security against counterfeiting.

[0079] Furthermore, it is possible for the decorative layer to have at least a first layer and a second layer and for the first layer to be arranged between the upper side of the carrier substrate and the second layer.

[0080] Preferably, the first and second layers are selected from the group consisting of one or more color layers, one or more layers with optically variable pigments, one or more thin-film layer systems, one or more layers producing an optically variable effect, one or more layers with color pigments and / or dissolved dyes and / or one or more layers with microstructures, in particular wherein the layers produce at least one color effect in the range of wavelengths visible to the human eye, in particular in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm, when the document is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0081] It is advantageous if the microstructures are selected from the group Kinegram ®< , holograms, blaze gratings, in particular asymmetric sawtooth relief structures, diffraction structures, in particular linear sinusoidal diffraction gratings or crossed sinusoidal diffraction gratings or linear single- or multi-stage rectangular gratings or crossed single- or multi-stage rectangular gratings, mirror surfaces, micromirrors, microlenses, matt structures, in particular anisotropic or isotropic matt structures, or combinations of these structures.

[0082] The following combinations of the first and second layer of the decorative layer are preferably suitable: the first layer is a first layer producing an optically variable effect and the second layer is a second layer producing an optically variable effect, the first layer has a first microstructure, in particular a Kinegram ®< , and the second layer has a second microstructure, in particular a zero-order diffraction structure, the first layer has a first microstructure, in particular a Kinegram ®< , and the second layer has a thin-film layer system, the first layer is a first color layer and the second layer is a second color layer, wherein the first and the second color layers have different colors, in particular from the RGB color space (RGB = red, green, blue).

[0083] It is also possible for at least one layer of the decorative layer to be perforated by a laser in the one or more first and / or second and / or third regions. Furthermore, it is possible for the at least one layer of the carrier substrate to be perforated by a laser in the one or more first regions in such a way that the first layer is visible in the one or more first regions when the document is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate, and for the at least one layer of the carrier substrate and the first layer of the decorative layer to be perforated by a laser in the one or more second regions in such a way that the second layer is visible in the one or more second regions when the document is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0084] It is thus also possible that in step c) at least one layer of the decorative layer is further perforated by means of the laser, in particular that the decorative layer has a first layer and a second layer and the first layer is arranged between the top side of the carrier substrate and the second layer, wherein in step c) the first layer of the decorative layer is perforated in the one or more first and / or second and / or third regions by means of the laser from the direction of the underside. This makes it possible, depending on the perforation of the layers of the carrier substrate and the decorative layer from the direction of the underside of the carrier substrate, to make different optical impressions visible to a viewer or to expose them, depending on the design of the decorative layer.For example, a first color impression can be created in the first layer exposed in a first area, and a second color impression can be created in a second area, so that overall, a multicolored motif is exposed to the viewer, visible from the underside of the carrier substrate. For example, such a multicolored motif could be a coat of arms or a colored flower with green leaves.

[0085] Preferably, the first layer is arranged on the side of the decorative layer facing away from the carrier substrate and provides optically variable effects, particularly toward this side. The second layer is preferably arranged on the side of the decorative layer facing the carrier substrate and provides optical effects there, preferably by corresponding exposure in the first and / or second and / or third regions.

[0086] It is also possible that the first and second layers are arranged on the side of the decorative layer facing the carrier substrate and that a third layer is arranged on the side of the decorative layer facing away from the carrier substrate and provides optically variable effects towards this side.

[0087] Furthermore, it is possible for the decorative layer to have at least one reflective layer, in particular a metal layer and / or an HRI or LRI layer ( engl. high refractive index (HRI), low refractive index (LRI). The metal layer is preferably a metal layer made of chromium, aluminum, gold, copper, silver, or an alloy of such metals, in particular one that is vapor-deposited in a vacuum in a layer thickness of 0.01 µm to 0.15 µm. Furthermore, it is also possible for the reflective layer to be formed by a transparent reflective layer, for example a thin or finely structured metallic layer or an HRI or LRI layer. Such a dielectric reflective layer consists, for example, of a vapor-deposited layer of a metal oxide, metal sulfide, titanium oxide, etc., with a thickness of 10 nm to 150 nm. It is also possible to use a combination of at least one metal layer and at least one dielectric reflective layer.

[0088] The decorative layer expediently comprises at least one carrier film, at least one primer layer, in particular at least one lacquer layer, preferably at least one decorative layer, and / or at least one adhesive layer. The carrier film consists in particular of PET (= polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (= polyethylene naphthalate), PE (= polyethylene), PI = (polyimide), PP (= polypropylene), PC or PTFE (= polytetrafluoroethylene). The adhesive layer is preferably a hot or cold adhesive layer, which in particular comprises acrylates, PVC, polyurethane or polyester. The primer layer is a layer which preferably comprises acrylates, PVC, polyurethane or polyester.

[0089] Furthermore, it is expedient for the decorative layer to comprise an optical separation layer, in particular an optically non-transparent layer, which preferably separates the optical impressions and / or effects visible when viewing the document from the top side of the carrier substrate from the optical impressions and / or effects visible in the one or more first and / or second regions when viewing the document from the underside of the carrier substrate. The optical separation layer can, for example, be an opaque metal layer and / or an opaque color layer.

[0090] Furthermore, it is possible for the decorative layer to be transparent at least in certain areas. This allows, in particular, the one or more first and / or second areas to be viewed in transmitted light when viewing the document from the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0091] It is also useful if the decorative layer is a transfer layer of a hot stamping foil or a cold stamping foil or if the decorative layer is a laminating foil.

[0092] It is also preferred if the tolerance values ​​between the position of the decorative layer and the position of the perforations in the one or more first and / or second regions and / or the at least one third region are between ± 0.1 mm and ± 2.0 mm, preferably between ± 0.3 mm and ± 1.5 mm. For this purpose, in step b), a decorative layer is preferably applied to the single-layer or multi-layer carrier substrate depending on register marks, for example print marks and / or watermarks and / or control openings. Furthermore, it is also expedient if, in step c), the perforation of the at least one layer of the carrier substrate takes place depending on such register marks.

[0093] As an alternative to the above-described precise registration of the decorative layer, it is also possible to apply the decorative layer in any position relative to the openings, i.e. to apply it "unregistered".

[0094] Register or registration accuracy refers to the positioning accuracy of two or more elements and / or layers relative to one another. The registration accuracy should be within a specified tolerance and as small as possible. At the same time, the registration accuracy of several elements and / or layers relative to one another is an important feature for increasing process reliability. Precise positioning can be achieved, in particular, using sensor-based, preferably optically detectable, registration marks. These registration marks can either represent specific, separate elements, regions, or layers, or they can themselves be part of the elements, regions, or layers to be positioned.

[0095] It is thus also possible for step b) and / or step c) to further comprise the following steps: - detecting the position data of at least one security feature of the carrier substrate, in particular a watermark and / or a printed feature; - optionally correcting the detected position data into corrected position data using an algorithm; - introducing the control openings into the carrier substrate based on the detected position data, in particular based on the corrected position data, in particular using a laser. Furthermore, it is advantageous if step b) further comprises the following step: - stretching the decorative layer before applying the decorative layer to the carrier substrate, wherein the stretching of the decorative layer is between 0% and 10%, preferably between 0% and 5%.

[0096] In particular, when considering a defined partial region of the decorative layer before stretching, the decorative layer has a length of this partial region of the decorative layer that is approximately 0% to 10%, preferably between 0% and 5%, shorter than the corresponding, assigned partial region of the carrier substrate, so that after stretching, the partial regions of the decorative layer and the carrier substrate have a largely identical length. In particular, this length can also be defined by means of motif spacing on the decorative layer and on the carrier substrate, in which case, before stretching, the motif spacing on the decorative layer is approximately 0% to 10%, preferably between 0% and 5%, shorter than on the carrier substrate. After stretching, both motif spacings preferably match or almost match.

[0097] This ensures that, in particular, the optical effects produced by the decorative layer in the one or more first and / or second and / or third regions are exposed with high precision, since the decorative layer is applied with the smallest possible tolerance values ​​and / or the perforation of the at least one layer of the carrier substrate is carried out with high precision.

[0098] Preferred embodiments of the method for producing a document are described below: It is expedient if, in step c), the at least one layer of the carrier substrate is broken through from the direction of the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0099] According to a further embodiment of the invention, a gas laser, in particular a CO 2 laser, and / or a solid-state laser, in particular an Nd:YAG laser, is used in step c) and / or d).

[0100] The laser is preferably controlled by electrical signals generated by an electronic control system. This electronic control system also determines the shape of the perforations to be created.

[0101] This electronic control enables individualized or personalized signals for the laser. The corresponding information can be provided, for example, from a database and / or the cloud. The database and / or the cloud can enable later verification of the individualized and / or personalized information on the document.

[0102] Preferably, each document is provided with at least one personalized or individualized first, second, and / or third region, which is introduced into the document or a series of documents by the personalized or personalized signals for the laser. Such patterns are calculated, for example, by means of a computer and / or by means of at least one pseudorandom function, pseudorandom distribution, random function, and / or random distribution. For example, passport documents can be personalized or individualized by personalized or individualized signals for the laser in such a way that the at least one first, second, and / or third region designed as a pattern comprises the portrait or name or other information of the respective passport document holder.In particular, the patterns are composed of one or more of the first, second and / or third regions, wherein each of the regions is assigned one or more personalized or individualized signals for the laser.

[0103] It is advantageous if, in step c) and / or d), the laser power is at least 250 W, preferably at least 300 W, more preferably at least 350 W. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the wavelength of the laser is between 9.35 µm and 10.25 µm.

[0104] It is also possible for the laser beam to be directed along one or more first and / or second regions of the carrier substrate in step c) and / or d) by means of deflectable mirrors, in particular by means of a laser scanning module. Furthermore, it is expedient for the laser beam to be directed along the outer contour of at least one third region of the carrier substrate in step e) by means of deflectable mirrors, in particular by means of a laser scanning module.

[0105] It is also advantageous if at least two lasers are used in step c). Preferably, the at least two lasers are coordinated to shorten the manufacturing process. Furthermore, it is possible for a first laser to break through the at least one layer of the carrier substrate in the one or more first regions, and for a second laser to break through the at least one layer of the carrier substrate in the one or more second regions. This "series connection" can further increase the writing speed while simultaneously creating, for example, two different or identical motifs.

[0106] Furthermore, it is possible that the two lasers are arranged parallel to each other in such a way that each laser processes one track of the carrier substrate in the one or more first and / or second regions and thus several openings can be introduced in parallel into the carrier substrate.

[0107] Furthermore, it is possible for the carrier substrate to be processed in parallel in at least one processing track or one panel, wherein the processing track or panel preferably represents a partial surface of the carrier substrate that is arbitrarily aligned and / or dimensioned relative to the running direction of the substrate. The alignment of the processing tracks or panels preferably runs parallel to the running direction of the carrier substrate. One or more or all of the processing tracks preferably have at least two, particularly preferably a plurality, panels.

[0108] Preferably, one or more of the first, second and / or third regions are each penetrated into one or more of the processing tracks and / or one or more of the blanks of the carrier substrate in parallel and / or simultaneously by one or more lasers and / or by one or more lasers each.

[0109] For example, a carrier substrate can have five processing tracks, the largest lateral extent of which is aligned along the running direction of the carrier substrate, and the widths of the processing tracks are preferably the same transversely or perpendicularly to the running direction of the substrate. Each of the processing tracks can, for example, have a plurality of panels along the running direction of the carrier substrate. Each of the processing tracks can, for example, be assigned to three lasers, so that with a number of five processing tracks, a number of 15 lasers is provided, wherein in the case of three lasers assigned to one of the processing tracks each process one panel, or one laser assigned to the processing track process a first panel and the other two lasers assigned to the processing track process a second panel, or each of the three lasers assigned to the processing track process one panel at the same time.Such an arrangement of the lasers significantly shortens the processing time of the carrier substrate.

[0110] It is also possible that, in particular in step c), the at least one layer of the carrier substrate is broken through in the one or more first and / or second regions by means of a laser flash, wherein the laser flash is generated in the form of the one or more first and / or second regions by means of a mask located in the beam path of the laser radiation.

[0111] The laser is preferably operated at a writing speed of, in particular, 3000 mm / s, preferably 2200 mm / s, more preferably 2000 mm / s. Furthermore, it is possible for the laser to have a writing surface of 200 x 200 mm, preferably 150 x 150 mm, more preferably 140 x 140 mm.

[0112] The carrier substrate is expediently transported, particularly in step c) and / or d), at a running speed of 200 m / min, preferably 130 m / min, more preferably 120 m / min, and even more preferably 60 m / min. This ensures that, depending on the laser writing surface, the laser writing speed, and / or the laser power, at least one layer of the carrier substrate in the one or more first and / or second and / or third regions is reliably penetrated or removed without residue.

[0113] In the following, unclaimed embodiments of a device for carrying out the method are described: It is advantageous if the device further comprises at least one of the following units: a sensor unit, in particular an optical sensor unit, for detecting the position of at least one security feature of the carrier substrate, in particular a watermark and / or a printed feature; a computing unit for correcting the detected position data using an algorithm; a second unit comprising a laser for breaking through at least one layer of the carrier substrate, in particular in one or more second regions; a second application device for applying one or more, in particular transparent, plastic layers to the single- or multi-layer carrier substrate; a printing unit, in particular a printing unit, for printing on the carrier substrate; a cutting unit, in particular for dividing the carrier substrate into individual panels; a punching unit, in particular for cutting out the at least one third region.

[0114] Preferably, the steps of the method, in particular the steps of method a), b), c), are carried out in one device or in several devices or distributed across several devices. One or more of the steps of the method take place in particular in an inline process, i.e. in a device which comprises the corresponding units for carrying out the corresponding method steps, or in an offline process, i.e. in several devices which each comprise one or more units for carrying out the respective corresponding method steps. The sequence of steps of the method takes place in an inline process preferably without interruption.

[0115] For example, the steps of method a), b), and c) can be carried out without interruption in an inline process in one device, or the steps of method a) and b) can be carried out without interruption in an inline process in a first device having the corresponding units, and the step of the method relating to the steps of method a) and b) can be carried out in an offline process in a second device having the corresponding unit. In this example, there is therefore an interruption between the steps of method a), b), and the step of method c).

[0116] It is also possible for one or more of the steps of the method to be repeatedly performed by a device comprising the corresponding one or more units. For example, step c) of the method can be performed in a first run by the device comprising the corresponding one or more units, and then step c) can be repeated in a second run, in particular in a modified variant.

[0117] Preferably, one or more or all of the steps of the method are carried out in one or more roll-to-roll processes or in one or more step-and-repeat processes, wherein these processes are carried out by one device or by several different devices. Preferably, the device or devices comprise the corresponding units necessary for carrying out the steps of the method.

[0118] Preferably, the carrier substrate is rolled up on a roll and is unrolled to be provided to a device comprising one or more of the units for carrying out one or more of the method steps. After the device has carried out the method steps, the carrier substrate is preferably rolled up again, wherein the rolled carrier substrate is provided to one or more further devices comprising one or more of the units, particularly in the case of an offline process.

[0119] Furthermore, it is possible that the carrier substrate is provided as a sheet or as a plurality of sheets.

[0120] For example, it is possible for each of the steps of the method, particularly in the case of an offline process, to be assigned a single device comprising one or more of the corresponding units, wherein the carrier substrate is preferably stored temporarily as a roll or as a stack of sheets during the interruptions of the offline process.

[0121] In the following, embodiments of the invention are explained by way of example with the aid of the enclosed figures, which are not to scale. Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b show schematically a document in plan view and in a sectional view. Fig. 1c shows schematically an enlarged section of the Fig. 1a Fig. 2a to Fig. 2c show schematic sectional views of documents Fig. 3a to Fig. 3f show schematically documents in plan view Fig. 4 shows schematically an enlarged section of the Fig. 3a Fig. 5a to Fig. 5c show schematic sectional views of documents Fig. 6a to Fig. 6d show schematically a document Fig. 7a to Fig. 7c show schematically process steps for producing a document Fig. 8a to Fig. 8c show schematically process steps for producing a document Fig. 9a and Fig. 9b show schematically devices for carrying out the method

[0122] Fig. 1a und Fig. 1b show a document 1 with a carrier substrate 2 and a decorative layer 3 applied to the surface 4 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0123] Document 1 is, in particular, a security document such as a banknote, an identity document, a visa or a security.

[0124] The carrier substrate 2 is preferably a paper substrate, in particular a single-layer paper substrate. It is also possible for the carrier substrate 2 to comprise cotton fibers, wood fibers, cellulose fibers, textile fibers and / or plastic fibers. The carrier substrate 2 preferably has a layer thickness between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm. It is also possible for the carrier substrate 2 to comprise additives, in particular security fibers and / or security pigments and / or dyes and / or watermarks. Fig. 1a und Fig. 1b The carrier substrate 2 shown is a single-layer paper substrate with a layer thickness of 80 µm.

[0125] As in Fig. 1b As shown, the decorative layer 3 is applied to the top side 4 of the carrier substrate 2. It is possible for the decorative layer 3 to be formed in one or more layers. Preferably, the decorative layer 3 has one or more color layers, one or more layers with optically variable pigments, one or more thin-film layer systems, one or more layers producing an optically variable effect, one or more layers with color pigments and / or dissolved dyes and / or one or more layers with microstructures. Advantageously, the layers produce at least one color effect in the range of wavelengths visible to the human eye, in particular in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm, when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2.It is advantageous if the microstructures are selected from the group Kinegram ®< , holograms, blaze gratings, in particular asymmetric sawtooth relief structures, diffraction structures, in particular linear sinusoidal diffraction gratings or crossed sinusoidal diffraction gratings or linear single- or multi-stage rectangular gratings or crossed single- or multi-stage rectangular gratings, mirror surfaces, matt structures, in particular anisotropic or isotropic matt structures, or combinations of these structures.

[0126] As in Fig. 1a und Fig. 1b The carrier substrate 2 is perforated in the areas 10 shown here in black, so that the decorative layer 3 is visible to a viewer 9 of the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2 in the areas 10. The carrier substrate 2 is perforated by means of a laser.

[0127] The designations top side 4 and / or bottom side 5 serve in particular to distinguish the surfaces of the carrier substrate 2 and in particular represent a reference system. However, it is also possible to use the designations first side and second side instead of these reference designations.

[0128] In this context, a region is understood to mean a defined area of ​​a layer or ply that, when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate 2, is occupied. For example, the carrier substrate 2 has regions 10, each of the regions 10 occupying a defined area when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate 2.

[0129] Breaking through a layer is understood here as the complete removal of a layer, in particular by means of laser cutting and / or laser ablation. If, for example, a layer is broken through in an area 10, the corresponding layer in this area 10 has been completely removed. The breaking through is preferably carried out by laser cutting and / or laser ablation, so that the broken layers in the corresponding areas 10 are removed and / or ablated and / or burned and / or vaporized without leaving any residue. For example, in the Fig. 1a und Fig. 1b the carrier substrate 2 is completely removed in the regions 10, in particular by means of laser cutting and / or laser ablation, so that the carrier substrate 2 is removed without residue in the regions 10.

[0130] Visible here means that the decorative layer 3 is visible to the viewer 9 when viewing the document 1 with the unaided human eye from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0131] As in Fig. 1a As indicated by the dashed lines, the decorative layer 3 is only applied in some areas to the upper side 4 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0132] The example in Fig. 1a shows a striped shape of the decorative layer 3, although other shapes, such as a patch shape, are also possible alternatively or additionally. Furthermore, the decorative layer 3 completely covers the regions 10 when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate 2. This ensures that in all perforated regions 10, the decorative layer 3 or the optical effects created by the decorative layer are visible to the viewer 9 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0133] As in Fig. 1a As shown, the regions 10 are configured linearly. However, it is also possible for the regions 10 to be configured as a graphic motif, alphanumerically, dot-shaped, and / or as a machine-readable coding. A pattern can be, for example, a graphically designed outline, a figurative representation, an image, a motif, a symbol, a logo, a portrait, an alphanumeric character, a text, and the like.

[0134] Fig. 1c shows schematically an enlarged section 40 of the Fig. 1a . As in Fig. 1c As shown, the decorative layer 3 can be seen in the areas 10 in which the carrier substrate 2 is perforated. Furthermore, the areas 10, as shown in Fig. 1c shown, the line width 50. Preferably, the line width 50 when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate 2 is a maximum of 2 mm, preferably a maximum of 1 mm. However, it is expedient if the line width 50 of the regions 10 when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate 2 is selected to be at least so wide that the decorative layer 3 in the region 10 is visible to the human eye when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2. Preferably, the line width 50 is therefore at least 20 µm, preferably at least 50 µm, more preferably at least 100 µm, particularly preferably at least 200 µm. Fig. 1c The line width shown is 200 µm. However, the above size specifications regarding the line width of the regions can also refer to the width and / or diameter of the regions 10, depending on the design of the regions 10. Thus, when the regions are formed as circles, they can have a diameter between a minimum of 20 µm, preferably a minimum of 50 µm, more preferably a minimum of 100 µm, particularly preferably at least 200 µm, and a maximum of 2 mm, preferably a maximum of 1 mm.

[0135] As in Fig. 1c As shown, the optically perceptible effect in the areas 10 for the viewer 9 is defined and / or predetermined by the decorative layer, since when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, the carrier substrate 2 is only perforated in the areas 10. Thus, the decorative layer 3 is only visible to the viewer 9 in these perforated areas 10. The decorative layer 3 thus defines, through its design, the optical effects visible to the viewer 9 in the perforated areas 10 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0136] Fig. 2a bis Fig. 2c show schematic sectional views of documents 1.

[0137] The Fig. 2a The document 1 shown comprises a carrier substrate 2 and a decorative layer 3 applied to the upper side 4 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0138] The Fig. 2a The carrier substrate 2 shown is designed as a multi-layer carrier substrate 2 and comprises the layers 6, 7. In the case of Fig. 2a The carrier substrate 2 shown is a multilayer hybrid substrate comprising two paper layers 6 and one plastic layer 7. The plastic layer 7 is preferably a plastic layer made of polyamide. The carrier substrate 2 preferably has a layer thickness between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm.

[0139] As in Fig. 2a As shown, both the paper layers 6 and the plastic layer 7 are perforated in the regions 10, so that the carrier substrate is completely perforated in the regions 10, such that the decorative layer 3 is visible in the regions 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the multilayer carrier substrate 2. In particular, since the outer paper layers 6 are matt and thus essentially opaque, a complete perforation of the carrier substrate 2 is necessary in order to make the decorative layer 3 visible to a viewer when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the multilayer carrier substrate 2.

[0140] With regard to the design of the areas 10 and the decorative layer 3, reference is made to the above explanations.

[0141] The Fig. 2b The document 1 shown comprises a carrier substrate 2 and a decorative layer 3 applied to the upper side 4 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0142] The Fig. 2b The carrier substrate 2 shown is designed as a multi-layer carrier substrate 2 and comprises the layers 6, 7. In the case of Fig. 2b The carrier substrate 2 shown is a multilayer carrier substrate 2, which has a paper layer 6 and two plastic layers 7. The plastic layers 7 preferably comprise polyester and / or polyethylene terephthalate (= PET). Furthermore, it is possible for at least one of the plastic layers 7 to be transparent. Fig. 2b The plastic layers 7 shown are transparent plastic layers.

[0143] Transparent is understood to mean the property of material to allow light from the wavelength range visible to the human eye, in particular from the wavelength range between 380 nm and 780 nm, to pass through.

[0144] As in Fig. 2b As shown, the paper layer 6 and the plastic layer 7 arranged on the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2 are perforated in the areas 10. Since the plastic layers 7 are transparent, in particular since the plastic layer 7 arranged on the top side of the carrier substrate 2 and not perforated in the area 10 is transparent, the decorative layer 3 is visible in the areas 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the multilayer carrier substrate 2. As shown in Fig. 2b As shown, the carrier substrate 2 is therefore not completely perforated, but the decorative layer 3 is nevertheless visible in the areas 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the multilayer carrier substrate 2.

[0145] With regard to the design of the areas 10 and the decorative layer 3, reference is made to the above explanations.

[0146] The Fig. 2c The document 1 shown comprises a carrier substrate 2 and a decorative layer 3 applied to the upper side 4 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0147] The Fig. 2c The carrier substrate 2 shown is designed as a multi-layer carrier substrate 2 and comprises the layers 7, 8. In the case of Fig. 2c The carrier substrate 2 shown is a multilayer carrier substrate 2 comprising a transparent plastic layer 7 and an opaque layer 8. The opaque layer 8 is preferably an opacified lacquer layer and / or a printed ink layer. The transparent plastic layer 7 is preferably a polymer layer.

[0148] As in Fig. 2c As shown, the opaque layer 8 is perforated in the areas 10. Since the plastic layer 7 is transparent, the decorative layer 3 is visible in the areas 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the multilayer carrier substrate 2. As shown in Fig. 2c As shown, the carrier substrate 2 is therefore not completely perforated, but the decorative layer 3 is nevertheless visible in the areas 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the multilayer carrier substrate 2. As shown in Fig. 2c As shown, at least layer 8 of the carrier substrate 2 is perforated in the regions 10. Therefore, a perforation of the transparent plastic layer 7 is not necessary in order to nevertheless be able to recognize the decorative layer 3 in the regions 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the multilayer carrier substrate 2.

[0149] With regard to the design of the areas 10 and the decorative layer 3, reference is made to the above explanations.

[0150] Fig. 3a bis Fig. 3f schematically show further embodiments of documents 1 in a plan view from the underside of the carrier substrate 2, each comprising a carrier substrate 2 and a decorative layer applied to the upper side of the carrier substrate 2.

[0151] As in Fig. 3a bis Fig. 3f As indicated by the dashed lines, the decorative layer is applied only in certain regions to the upper side of the carrier substrate 2, whereby the decorative layer completely covers regions 10, 11, and / or 12 when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate 2. Regarding the further design of the decorative layer, reference is made to the above explanations. Likewise, regarding the design of the carrier substrate 2, reference is made to the above explanations.

[0152] As in Fig. 3a As shown, the carrier substrate 2 is perforated in the areas 10 such that the decorative layer in the areas 10 of the document 1 is visible from the underside of the carrier substrate 2.

[0153] As in Fig. 3a As shown, the regions 10 are preferably linear. Furthermore, each of the regions 10 represents a pattern. A pattern can be, for example, a graphically designed outline, a figurative representation, an image, a motif, a symbol, a logo, a portrait, an alphanumeric character, a text, and the like.

[0154] Furthermore, the carrier substrate 2, as shown in Fig. 3a shown, a recess in the area 12. Preferably, the area 12 is cut out by punching and / or by means of a laser. The area 12 is, as shown in Fig. 3a shown, rectangular in shape. However, it is also possible for the area 12 to be oval, circular or patterned. Furthermore, the area 12, as shown in Fig. 3a shown schematically, has a significantly larger area compared to the areas 10. Preferably, the area 12 has an area that is at least 4 times larger, preferably at least 8 times larger, and more preferably at least 10 times larger than the areas 10. Preferably, the area 12 is formed during the production of the document 1 before the areas 10 are broken through. The decorative layer 3 is visible in the area 12 when the document 1 is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate 2. It is also possible for the areas 10 to be connected to the area 12.

[0155] As in Fig. 3b As shown, the carrier substrate 2 is perforated in the areas 10 and 11 such that the decorative layer in the areas 10 and 11 is visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate 2.

[0156] As in Fig. 3b As shown, the area 10 is preferably designed linearly. Furthermore, the area 10 represents a pattern. The area 11 is as in Fig. 3b As shown, it is also linear and forms a closed contour representing a star-shaped pattern. Areas 10 and 11 were perforated using a laser and have a line width of 300 µm. This makes it possible to expose coarsely pre-structured features on the underside of the decorative layer, such as colored areas or areas with optically variable effects, by means of the delicate perforations in areas 10 and 11 of the carrier substrate 2 in such a way that these are visible when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0157] As in Fig. 3b As shown, the carrier substrate 2 is perforated both in the region 10 and in the region 11 such that the decorative layer in the regions 10 and 11 is visible when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, wherein the region 11 has a different pattern than the region 10. Thus, when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, the decorative layer defines the optical effects, in particular optically variable effects, that are perceptible to a viewer in both the regions 10 and 11.

[0158] The Fig. 3c Document 1 shown has areas 10 and 11. Area 10 corresponds to area 11 of the Fig. 3b , so that with regard to the design of the region 10, reference is made to the above explanations. The regions 11 are circular in shape and have a diameter of 50 µm to 500 µm. The regions 11 are arranged according to a grid. Advantageously, the grid width corresponds essentially to the layer thickness of the carrier substrate 2. However, it is also possible for the grid width to be between 100 µm and 5000 µm, preferably between 500 µm and 2500 µm. In particular, the nearest distance between two adjacent regions 11 is between 100 µm and 5000 µm, preferably between 500 µm and 2500 µm. The carrier substrate 2 was perforated in the areas 11 by means of a laser in such a way that the decorative layer in the areas 11 of the document 1 is visible from the underside of the carrier substrate 2.

[0159] For example, one or more items of information that can be perceived haptically by a human, in particular haptically perceivable information about the value of a banknote or haptically perceivable information regarding the holder of a document, can be provided in Braille by such an arrangement of the areas 11.

[0160] The Fig. 3d Document 1 shown has the areas 10 and 11. The areas 11 are linear and each form a partially closed contour in the shape of a triangle. The line width of the areas 11 in Fig. 3d is 250 µm. Area 10 is linear and also forms a partially closed contour in the form of a circle. The line width of area 10 in Fig. 3d is 350 µm, so that the decorative layer is visible in both the areas 11 and the area 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside of the carrier substrate 2.

[0161] A partially closed contour means that the openings are provided in such a way that no completely enclosed regions 10 and / or 11 are created, but rather the regions 10 and 11 are defined by partially interrupted contours. For this purpose, the openings are designed such that interruptions are provided in the openings at regular and / or irregular intervals, with the carrier substrate not being removed in these interruptions, so that the regions 10 and / or 11 are connected at least by one connection, preferably by several connections.

[0162] In Fig. 3e bis 3d the carrier substrate 2 is completely perforated in the areas 10 and 11 shown in black. However, it is also possible that, as explained above, only the opaque layers of the carrier substrate 2 are perforated from the direction of the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, wherein the decorative layer is nevertheless visible when viewing the document 1 from the underside of the carrier substrate 2, in particular since the non-perforated layers of the carrier substrate 2 are transparent. If the areas 10 and 11, such as the area 11 in Fig. 3b or area 10 in Fig. 3c , a region of the carrier substrate 2, this region of the carrier substrate is not removed, since the opening of the regions 10 and 11 preferably takes place after application of the decorative layer, so that the regions of the carrier substrate 2 enclosed by the regions 10 and 11 adhere to the decorative layer and are therefore not removed, ie the decorative layer fixes the regions of the carrier substrate 2 enclosed by a closed contour. It is therefore possible for the regions 10 and 11 to form closed contours without the enclosed regions of the carrier substrate falling out, for example during the manufacturing process.

[0163] The Fig. 3e Document 2 shown has the areas 10 and 11. Area 11 is linear and has a line width of 500 µm. Area 10 forms, as shown in Fig. 3e shown, a closed circular contour and further has different line widths, so that the shape of a flower is created. The regions 10 and 11 are not connected to each other, so that the region 10 and the region 11 are separated from a region in which the carrier substrate 2 is not penetrated by a laser. The line widths of the region 10 vary between 500 µm and 750 µm. Such variations in the line widths can be generated, for example, by variations in the beam diameter at the focal point during the penetration of the carrier substrate 2. Advantageously, the focus of the laser is changed, in particular by means of a lens system. As Fig. 3e As can be seen, the decorative layer is visible in the areas 10 and 11 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, wherein the decorative layer in the areas 10 and 11, in Fig. 3e indicated by the different hatching, has different colors, especially from the RGB color space. Thus, the decorative layer has a red color in area 10 and a green color in area 11. Furthermore, areas 10 and 11, as shown in Fig. 3e shown, connected to each other.

[0164] Furthermore, it is advantageous to separate the regions 10 and 11 from each other. The distance between the two regions 10 and 11 is preferably selected such that any positional tolerances of the different colors on the decorative layer 3 relative to the regions 10 and 11 are concealed or hidden below this distance.

[0165] Also in Fig. 3e the carrier substrate 2 is completely perforated in the hatched areas 10 and 11. However, it is also possible that, as already explained above, only the opaque layers of the carrier substrate 2 are perforated from the direction of the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, whereby the decorative layer is nevertheless visible when viewing the document 1 from the underside of the carrier substrate 2, in particular since the unperforated layers of the carrier substrate 2 are transparent. The area 10 forms a closed contour. However, since the area 10 was only perforated by means of a laser after the application of the decorative layer, the area of ​​the carrier substrate 2 enclosed by the area 10 is also fixed by the decorative layer. For further stabilization, it is possible to apply a transparent plastic layer to the underside of the carrier substrate 2, in particular in the area of ​​the decorative layer applied on the top side.

[0166] The Figur 3f shows an area 10 and 11, each of which is provided as a filigree opening, which is designed as a tendril-shaped motif, wherein the areas 10 and 11 are each connected.

[0167] Fig. 4 shows schematically an enlarged section 40 of the Fig. 3a . As in Fig. 4 As shown, each area 10 lies within a predefined area 13, which is defined by the dashed lines in Fig. 4 Preferably, each of the regions 10 in which the carrier substrate is perforated by means of a laser and / or in which the opaque layers of the carrier substrate are preferably perforated by means of a laser comprises a maximum of 25%, preferably a maximum of 10%, of the area of ​​the respective predefined surface region 13 when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate.

[0168] Predefined here means a predetermined value or range of values ​​or a predetermined shape or geometry, in particular one that covers 100% of the area. Fig. 4 A predefined surface area 13 is defined by a rectangle with a specific surface area. This surface area preferably corresponds to 100%, so that a maximum of 25%, preferably a maximum of 10%, of this predefined surface area 13 is removed by openings in the areas 10.

[0169] Furthermore, it is possible that the decorative layer also completely covers the predefined surface areas 13 when viewed perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate.

[0170] Fig. 5a bis Fig. 5c show schematic sectional views of documents 1, which comprise a carrier substrate 2 and a decorative layer 3.

[0171] The Fig. 5a Document 1 shown here comprises the carrier substrate 2 and the decorative layer 3. The carrier substrate 2 is a single-layer paper substrate with a layer thickness of 80 µm. However, as explained above, it is also possible for the carrier substrate 2 to be a multi-layer carrier substrate. Regarding such a configuration, reference is made to the above explanations.

[0172] The Fig. 5a The decorative layer 3 shown comprises the layers 20, 21 and 22. The decorative layer 3 is applied to the upper side 4 of the carrier substrate 2 in regions.

[0173] Layer 20 is a thin-film layer system that creates a viewing angle-dependent optically variable effect. For this purpose, the thin-film layer system preferably has an interference layer structure. The interference layer structure preferably has a reflection layer, such as a metal layer, an absorption layer, and a transparent dielectric spacer layer that fulfills the λ / 4 or λ / 2 condition for a wavelength in the visible light range. However, it is also possible for the thin-film layer system to be constructed from a sequence of high- and low-refractive-index layers. As in Fig. 5a As shown, the layer 20 is arranged between the top side 4 of the carrier substrate 2 and the layer 21.

[0174] The λ / 2 or λ / 4 condition refers to the path difference, i.e., the difference in path length, of two or more coherent waves of incident light. This path difference is crucial for the occurrence of interference phenomena. If the path difference between two waves of the same wavelength λ and the same amplitude is exactly half a wavelength (and / or plus any integer multiple of the wavelength), the two partial waves cancel each other out. This attenuation in intensity is called destructive interference. If the path difference is an integer multiple of the wavelength, the amplitudes of the two partial waves add together. In this case, constructive interference occurs. Values ​​in between result in partial cancellation.

[0175] Layer 21 comprises a replication lacquer layer with microstructures molded at least in some regions, as well as a reflective layer at least in some regions. The replication lacquer layer consists, for example, of a thermoplastic lacquer into which the microstructures are molded by means of heat and pressure through the action of an embossing tool. Furthermore, it is also possible for the replication lacquer layer to be formed from a UV-crosslinkable lacquer, and for the microstructures to be molded into the replication lacquer layer by means of UV replication. The microstructures are molded by the action of an embossing tool on the uncured replication lacquer layer, and the replication lacquer layer is cured by irradiation with UV light before and / or immediately during and / or after the molding process. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the replication lacquer layer has a layer thickness between 0.2 µm and 4 µm, preferably 0.3 µm and 2 µm, more preferably 0.4 µm and 1.5 µm.The microstructures molded in regions are, for example, shaped as sinusoidal diffraction gratings and produce an optically variable effect dependent on the viewing angle. However, it is also possible for the microstructures to be selected from the group consisting of Kinegram®, holograms, blazed gratings, in particular asymmetric sawtooth relief structures, diffraction structures, in particular linear sinusoidal diffraction gratings or crossed sinusoidal diffraction gratings or linear single- or multi-stage rectangular gratings or crossed single- or multi-stage rectangular gratings, mirror surfaces, matte structures, in particular anisotropic or isotropic matte structures, or combinations of these structures.

[0176] The reflective layer is preferably a metal layer. The metal layer is preferably a metal layer made of chromium, aluminum, gold, copper, silver, or an alloy of such metals, in particular one that is vacuum-deposited in a layer thickness of 0.01 µm to 0.15 µm. Furthermore, it is also possible for the reflective layer to be formed by a transparent reflective layer, for example, a thin or finely structured metallic layer or an HRI or LRI layer ( engl. High refractive index (HRI), low refractive index (LRI). Such a dielectric reflective layer consists, for example, of a vapor-deposited layer of a metal oxide, metal sulfide, titanium oxide, etc., with a thickness of 10 nm to 150 nm.

[0177] In addition to the Fig. 5a In addition to the layers 20 and 21 shown, the decorative layer 3 can, as an alternative to the layers 20 and 21, also comprise other or further layers, in particular selected from the group consisting of one or more color layers, one or more layers with optically variable pigments, one or more thin-film layer systems, one or more layers producing an optically variable effect, one or more layers with color pigments and / or dissolved dyes and / or one or more layers with microstructures, in particular wherein the layers produce at least one color effect in the range of wavelengths visible to the human eye, in particular in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm, when the document is viewed from the underside of the carrier substrate.

[0178] Layer 22 is an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is preferably a hot-melt or cold-melt adhesive layer, which in particular comprises acrylates, PVC, polyurethane, or polyester. Layer 22 is a hot-melt adhesive layer with a layer thickness of 0.1 µm to 10 µm, preferably 0.5 µm to 5 µm. Fig. 5a The decorative layer 3 shown is therefore, in particular, a transfer layer of a hot stamping foil. However, it is also possible for the decorative layer to be a transfer layer of a cold stamping foil or for the decorative layer to be a laminating foil.

[0179] As in Fig. 5a As shown, the carrier substrate 2 and the layer 22 of the decorative layer 3 are perforated in the areas 10 by means of a laser in such a way that the layer 20 is visible in areas 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2. Here, not only the carrier substrate 2 but also the layer 22 was perforated by means of a laser. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 5a shown, in the area 11, the carrier substrate 2 and the layers 22 and 20 have been penetrated by means of a laser. As a result, the layer 21 in the area 11 has been exposed from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, so that the layer 22 in the area 11 is visible when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2. If the document 1 of the Fig. 5a Therefore, viewed from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate, layer 20 is visible in the regions 10 and layer 21 in the region 11.

[0180] Fig. 5b corresponds Fig. 5a with the difference that the decorative layer in Fig. 5b further comprises the protective lacquer layer 23. The protective lacquer layer is preferably a layer of PET (= polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (= polyethylene naphthalate), PE (= polyethylene), PI = (polyimide), PP (= polypropylene), PC or PTFE (= polytetrafluoroethylene). Advantageously, the layer thickness of the protective lacquer layer is between 0.5 µm and 30 µm, preferably between 3 µm and 10 µm. Fig. 5b The protective coating layer shown is a layer of PET with a thickness of 16 µm. Regarding the further design of the Fig. 5b For the layers shown, please refer to the above explanations.

[0181] The Fig. 5c The document 1 shown comprises a carrier substrate 2, a decorative layer 3 and a transparent plastic layer 7. The decorative layer 3 of the Fig. 5c corresponds to the decorative layer of the Fig. 5a with the difference that the decorative layer 3 does not comprise an adhesive layer 22 and is applied directly to the carrier substrate 2. The transparent plastic layer 7 is, as in Fig. 5c shown, applied to the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2 in the area in which the decorative layer 3 is applied to the top side 4 of the carrier substrate 2. As shown in Fig. 5c As shown, the transparent plastic layer 7 and the carrier substrate 2 are perforated by a laser in regions 10 and 11. In region 11, layer 20 is also perforated, so that in region 11, layer 21 is visible when viewing document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2. Regarding the further configurations of the layers, reference is made to the above explanations.

[0182] Fig. 6a bis Fig. 6d show a schematic of a document 1.

[0183] In Fig. 6a The document 1 is shown in plan view when viewed from the top side 4 of the carrier substrate 2. As in Fig. 6a As shown, the document 1 has the decorative layer 3, which is applied to the upper side 4 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0184] In Fig. 6b The document 1 is shown in plan view when viewed from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2. The carrier substrate 2 is perforated in the areas 10 by means of a laser such that the decorative layer 3 is visible in the areas 10 when viewed from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2. Furthermore, the areas 10 are arranged on the side of the carrier substrate opposite the decorative layer 3, which is indicated by the dashed lines. As in Fig. 6b As shown, the areas 10 are designed linearly and arranged according to a line grid.

[0185] Fig. 6c shows schematically an enlarged section 41 of the Fig. 6b . As in Fig. 6c As shown, the black regions 10, in which the carrier substrate 2 is perforated by a laser such that the decorative layer 3 is visible in the regions 10 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, are linear and arranged according to a grid. Advantageously, the grid width of the line grid corresponds essentially to the layer thickness of the carrier substrate 2. However, it is also possible for the grid width of the line grid to be between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm, more preferably between 70 µm and 90 µm. The grid width of the in Fig. 6b und Fig. 6c The line grid shown is 80 µm.

[0186] Fig. 6d illustrates the effect of Fig. 6b und Fig. 6c shown perforated regions 10 of the carrier substrate 2 when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2. If the document 1 is viewed essentially perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate 2, the decorative layer 3 is visible in the regions 10 when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2. If the document 1 is tilted and viewed, for example, from a lateral viewing angle of greater than 35°, preferably greater than 25°, from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, the decorative layer 3 is no longer visible. The decorative layer 3 is thus visible to a viewer depending on a lateral viewing angle. If the decorative layer 3 is, for example, a layer of color, this can create a viewing angle-dependent color change effect in the regions 10 when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0187] Fig. 7a bis Fig. 7c show schematically process steps for producing a document 1.

[0188] As in Fig. 7a As shown, the carrier substrate 2 is first prepared. Regarding the design of the carrier substrate 2, reference is made to the above explanations. In a next step, as shown in Fig. 7b As shown, the decorative layer 3 is applied to the upper side of the carrier substrate 2. The decorative layer 3 is, for example, a layer with color pigments that create a green color impression. Regarding further possible embodiments of the decorative layer 3, reference is made to the above explanations. The application of the decorative layer 3 is preferably carried out by means of hot stamping, cold stamping, or lamination, i.e. the decorative layer can, for example, be a transfer layer of a hot stamping foil that is applied to the carrier substrate 2 by means of hot stamping and / or a laminating foil that is applied to the carrier substrate 2 by means of hot bonding. In a further step, the carrier substrate 2 is subsequently perforated in the area 10 by means of a laser. This makes it possible for the decorative layer 3 to be visible when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2. In Fig. 7c The carrier substrate 2 is completely perforated by means of a laser. However, it is also possible for the carrier substrate 2 not to be completely perforated and for the decorative layer 3 to still be visible when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2. For example, the carrier substrate may comprise a transparent plastic layer arranged between the top side 4 of the carrier substrate 2 and the decorative layer 3 and, due to its transparency, does not impair the visibility of the decorative layer 3 when viewing the document 1 from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2. Fig. 7c the breaking through of the carrier substrate 2 occurs from the direction of the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2.

[0189] Breaking through is understood here as the complete removal of the carrier substrate 2. The breaking through is preferably carried out by laser cutting and / or laser ablation, so that the carrier substrate 2 in the region 10 is removed and / or ablated and / or burned and / or vaporized without leaving any residue. To break through the carrier substrate 2 according to the embodiment of the Fig. 7c A gas laser, in particular a CO 2 laser, was used. The laser power is advantageously at least 250 W, preferably at least 300 W, more preferably at least 350 W. It is also advantageous if the wavelength of the laser is between 9.35 µm and 10.25 µm. The area 10 of the carrier substrate 2 in Fig. 7c was pierced using a CO 2 laser with a laser power of 300 W and a wavelength of 10.6 µm.

[0190] Preferably, the laser beam is directed along and / or onto the region 10 of the carrier substrate by means of deflectable mirrors, in particular by means of a laser scanning module.

[0191] The beam diameter of the laser at the focal point is at least 20 µm, preferably at least 50 µm, particularly preferably at least 100 µm. However, it is also possible to expand the laser beam using a lens system such that the beam diameter at the focal point is a maximum of 2 mm, preferably a maximum of 1 mm. Fig. 7c The region 10 shown was generated by means of a laser beam having a beam diameter of 200 µm at the focal point, so that the width of the region 10 is also essentially 200 µm.

[0192] Preferably, the laser is operated at a writing speed of 3000 mm / s, preferably 2200 mm / s, more preferably 2000 mm / s. Furthermore, it is possible for the laser to have a writing surface of 200 x 200 mm, preferably 150 x 150 mm, more preferably 140 x 140 mm.

[0193] The carrier substrate 2 is expediently transported at a running speed of 200 m / min, preferably a maximum of 130 m / min, more preferably 120 m / min, and even more preferably 60 m / min. This ensures that, depending on the laser's writing surface, the laser's writing speed, and / or the laser power, the carrier substrate 2 is penetrated or removed without residue in the region 10.

[0194] Fig. 8a bis Fig. 8c show schematically process steps for producing a document 1.

[0195] As in Fig. 8a In a first step, the carrier substrate 2 is provided. Regarding the design of the carrier substrate 2, reference is made to the above explanations.

[0196] In a further step according to Fig. 8b The decorative layer 3 is applied to the carrier substrate 2. The application is preferably carried out by hot stamping. Fig. 8b The decorative layer shown comprises layers 20, 21, 22 and 23. Layer 22 is a hot-melt adhesive layer which in particular comprises acrylates, PVC, polyurethane or polyester and by means of which the decorative layer 3 is firmly applied to the upper side 4 of the carrier substrate 2. Layer 20 is a colored layer which has a blue color tone. Layer 21 is also a colored layer but has a yellow color tone. Such colored layers can be produced, for example, by layers which are provided with the corresponding color pigments and / or dissolved dyes. However, it is also possible for layers 20 and 21 to be layers which each generate a different optically variable effect.For example, it is possible for layers 20 and 21 to have differently shaped microstructures, each generating an optically variable effect. Layer 23 is a protective lacquer layer. Regarding the design of layer 23, reference is made to the above explanations.

[0197] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the step of applying the decorative layer 3 to the top side 4 of the carrier substrate 2 further comprises the following step: - stretching the decorative layer 3 before applying the decorative layer 3 to the carrier substrate 2, wherein the stretching of the decorative layer 3 is between 0% and 10%, preferably between 0% and 5%. In this case, the stretching of the decorative layer is preferably produced by stretching the transfer film or the laminating film, which comprises the decorative layer 3 as a transfer layer. By means of appropriate stretching, the spacing of motifs located on the decorative layer 3 is brought into line with the spacing of security features located on the carrier substrate 2. As a result, tolerance values ​​between the decorative layer 3, in particular between motifs located on the decorative layer 3, and the openings in areas 10 and 11 between ± 0.1 mm and ± 2.0 mm, preferably between ± 0.3 mm and ± 1.5 mm, can be achieved.

[0198] After the decorative layer 3 has been applied, as shown in Fig. 8c As shown, in the area 10, the carrier substrate 2 and the layer 22 of the decorative layer 3 are penetrated by a laser. This exposes the blue color layer 20, so that when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, a blue color impression is perceived in the area 10. If the area, as shown above, for example, in Fig. 3a shown, is designed in a linear fashion and forms a pattern, the linear pattern appears to an observer in blue. Further, as in Fig. 8c shown, in the area 11 the carrier substrate 2 and the layers 22 and 20 of the decorative layer 3 are broken through by means of a laser. This exposes the yellow color layer 21, so that when the document 1 is viewed from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, a yellow color impression is perceived in the area 10. It is possible here that the area 10 and the area 11 are connected and / or that the areas 10 and 11 overlap at least in some areas. This makes it possible, for example, to specifically expose multi-colored motifs from the underside 5 of the carrier substrate 2, wherein the color or the optical impression of these motifs is defined by the exposed layers 20 and 21 of the decorative layer 3.

[0199] It is also possible to create regions 10 and 11 using different lasers. Therefore, at least two lasers are used, which are preferably coordinated to shorten the manufacturing process.

[0200] After breaking through the carrier substrate 2 and the layers 22 and 20 in the regions 10 and 11, it is possible for the method to further comprise the following step: - Applying one or more, in particular transparent, plastic layers, which are applied in particular to the top and / or bottom of the carrier substrate 2. This can further improve the stability or robustness of the document 1 against environmental influences. This can also close the perforated regions 10 and 11 on the bottom 5 of the carrier substrate 2 to prevent the penetration of contaminants.

[0201] It is also possible that the step of applying the decorative layer 3 and / or the step of breaking through the carrier substrate 2 and the layers 22 and 20 further comprises the following steps: Capturing the position data of a security feature of the carrier substrate 2, in particular a watermark; optionally correcting the captured position data into corrected position data using an algorithm; introducing the control openings into the carrier substrate 2 based on the captured position data, in particular based on the corrected position data, in particular using a laser.

[0202] Fig. 9a und Fig. 9b show schematically devices 19 for carrying out the method.

[0203] Fig. 9a shows schematically a device 19 for carrying out the method.

[0204] The device 19 has the application device 31a, by means of which a decorative layer is applied to the carrier substrate 3. The device 19 further comprises a laser for breaking through at least one layer of the carrier substrate 2, and a transport device 30, which serves to transport the carrier substrate 2. For example, it is possible for the transport device to comprise a supply roll on which the carrier substrate 2 is wound. Alternatively, it is also possible for the transport direction for transporting the carrier substrate 2 to be designed in an arc shape.

[0205] The laser 32 is preferably a gas laser, in particular a CO2 laser, and / or a solid-state laser, in particular an Nd:YAG laser. The laser power is advantageously at least 250 W, preferably at least 300 W, more preferably at least 350 W. It is also advantageous if the wavelength of the laser 32 is between 9.35 µm and 10.25 µm. For example, a CO2 laser with a laser power of 300 W and a wavelength of 10.6 µm can be used. The laser 32 preferably has a writing speed of 3000 mm / s, preferably 2200 mm / s, more preferably 2000 mm / s. Furthermore, it is possible for the laser 32 to have a writing surface of 200 x 200 mm, preferably 150 x 150 mm, more preferably 140 x 140 mm.

[0206] The transport device 30 is expediently designed such that the carrier substrate 2 is transported at a running speed of 200 m / min, preferably 130 m / min, more preferably 120 m / min, even more preferably 60 m / min.

[0207] Fig. 9b shows schematically a device 19 for carrying out the method comprising a transport device 30, a sensor unit 33, a computing unit 34, a printing unit 35 and a punching unit 36.

[0208] The carrier substrate 2 is first fed by the transport unit 30 to the sensor unit 33. The sensor unit 33, in particular an optical sensor unit for detecting radiation in incident light and / or transmitted light in one or more visible wavelength ranges or the entire visible wavelength range and / or in one or more ultraviolet wavelength ranges or the entire ultraviolet wavelength range and / or in one or more infrared wavelength ranges or the entire infrared wavelength range, is, for example, a photodetector, a CCD sensor, or a CMOS camera, and enables the detection of the position of at least one security feature of the carrier substrate 2, in particular a watermark and / or a printed feature.The detected position of the security feature is transmitted to a computing unit 34, which uses an algorithm to determine corrected position data from the detected position data. Using an actuator (not shown), the position of the carrier substrate 2 can be adjusted to the corrected position data. The actuator can thus correct the position of the carrier substrate 2 in the plane relative to the positions of the subsequent units, in particular the punching unit 36 ​​and / or the laser 32, for generating control openings.

[0209] The carrier substrate 2 is then transported to the punching unit 36, by means of which, after position correction, control openings and / or large-area window openings relative to the perforations created by the laser 32, as already explained above, can be introduced into the carrier substrate. It is also possible for the control openings to be introduced using a laser.

[0210] Subsequently, the carrier substrate 2 is fed to the application device 31a, by means of which a decorative layer is applied to the carrier substrate 2. Here, too, the position of the carrier substrate 2 can be adjusted based on the corrected position data. The carrier substrate 2 is then fed to the laser 32 for breaking through at least one layer of the carrier substrate 2. Regarding the design of the laser 32, reference is made to the above explanations.

[0211] Subsequently, the carrier substrate 2 is fed to the application device 31b, by means of which a transparent plastic layer is applied to the underside of the carrier substrate 2. As explained above, this allows the areas perforated by the laser 32 and / or the window openings created by the punching unit 36 ​​to be closed. Here, too, it is possible to adjust the position of the carrier substrate 2 based on the corrected position data.

[0212] Finally, the carrier substrate 2 is fed to the printing unit 35 to print the carrier substrate 2, for example, with colored patterns and / or alphanumeric characters. Here, too, it is possible to adjust the position of the carrier substrate 2 based on the corrected position data.

[0213] Further processing units may be connected, such as at least one further printing unit, at least one further application device, and / or at least one vapor deposition device, and / or at least one moistening unit, etc., which, however, are not shown here. Finally, the carrier substrate 2 can also be fed to a cutting unit to divide the carrier substrate 2 into individual panels. List of reference symbols

[0214] 1Document 2Carrier substrate 3Decorative layer 4Top side 5Bottom side 6Paper layer 7Plastic layer 8Opaque layer 9Viewer 10, 11, 12, 13Areas 19Device 20First layer 21Second layer 22Adhesive layer 23Protective lacquer layer 30Transport device 31a, 31bApplication devices 32Laser 33Sensor unit 34Calculating unit 35Printing unit 36Punching unit 40, 41Cutouts 50Line width

Claims

1. Document (1), in particular a banknote, an identification document, a visa or a security paper, comprising a carrier substrate (2) and a decorative ply (3), wherein the single or multi-layered carrier substrate (2) has an upper side (4) and a lower side (5), and the decorative ply (3) is applied to the upper side (4) of the carrier substrate (2), and wherein at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the carrier substrate (2) is perforated in one or more first regions (10) by means of a laser in such a way that the decorative ply (3) is visible in the one or more first regions (10) when viewing the document (1) from the lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2), wherein at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the carrier substrate (2) is perforated in one or more second regions (11) by means of the laser in such a way that the decorative ply (3) is visible in the one or more second regions (11) when viewing the document (1) from the lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2), wherein the one or more second regions (11) have a different pattern to the one or more first regions (10) and / or a different contour and / or a different coding, wherein the decorative ply (3) completely covers the one or more first (10) and / or second (11) regions when viewing perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate (2), and wherein the document (1) provides a first optical effect in one or more of the first and / or second regions (10, 11), said effect being able to be detected in incident light by a sensor unit (33).

2. Document (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the carrier substrate (2) is a paper substrate, in particular is a single layered paper substate, and / or the carrier substrate (2) comprises cotton fibres, wood fibres, cellulose fibres, textile fibres and / or plastic fibres, and / or the carrier substrate (2) comprises one or more in particular transparent plastic plies (7), which are arranged on the upper side (4) and / or lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2), wherein in particular at least the one or more in particular transparent plastic plies (7) arranged on the lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2) are perforated in the one or more first regions (10) by means of the laser, and / or the carrier substrate (2) has a layer thickness of between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm.

3. Document (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each of the one or more first (10) and / or second (11) regions lies within a predefined surface region (13), wherein, when viewing perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate (2), each of the one or more first (10) and / or second (11) regions comprises a maximum of 25%, preferably 10%, of the surface of the respective predefined surface region (13).

4. Document (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the width, in particular the line width (50), and / or the diameter of the one or more first regions (10) and / or second regions (11) is a maximum of 2mm, preferably a maximum of 1mm, when viewing perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate (2), and / or the width, in particular the line width (50), and / or the diameter of the one of more first regions (10) and / or second regions (11) is chosen when viewing perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate (2) in such a way that the decorative ply (3) is visible to the human eye in the one or more first regions (10) and / or second regions (11) when viewing the document (1) from the lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2), and / or the width, in particular the line width (50), and / or the diameter of the one or more first regions (10) and / or second regions (11) is at least 20 µm, in particular at least 50 µm, preferably at least 100 µm, when viewing perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate (2).

5. Document (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the document (1) provides a first optical effect, in particular a first optically variable effect, in one or more of the first and / or second regions (10, 11) and / or in one or more third regions (12), in particular in regions comprising the decorative ply (3), said optical effect being visible to the human eye in incident light, and / or the document (1) has at least one first transmission degree in one or more of the first and / or second and / or third regions (10, 11, 12), in particular in regions comprising the decorative ply (3), said transmission degree being able to be detected by a sensor unit (33) in transmitted light and / or being visible to the human eye, and has at least one second transmission degree in the regions outside the first and / or second and / or third regions (10, 11, 12), in particular in regions comprising the carrier film (2) and the decorative layer (3), preferably in regions comprising the unperforated carrier film (2) and the decorative layer (3), further preferably inside the first and / or second and / or third regions (10, 11, 12), said transmission degree being able to be detected by a sensor unit (33) in transmitted light and / or being visible to the human eye, wherein the at least one first transmission degree and the at least one second transmission degree differ from each other or at least partially or completely correspond.

6. Document (1) according to claim 5, characterised in that at least one of the third regions (12) of the carrier substrate (2) is cut out by means of punches and / or by means of a laser, in particular in such a way that the decorative ply (3) is visible in the at least one third region (12) when viewing the document (1) from the lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2), in particular wherein the at least one third region (12) has a larger surface by a factor of at least 4, preferably by a factor of at least 8, further preferably by a factor of at least 10, than the one or more first (10) and / or second regions (11).

7. Document (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the one or more first (10) and / or second (11) regions are formed to be pattern-shaped, in particular as a graphical motif, alphanumerical, linear, punctiform, and / or as machine-readable coding.

8. Document (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the one or more first regions (10) are arranged according to a line grid, in particular the grid width of the line grid substantially corresponds to the layer thickness of the carrier substrate (2), and / or the grid width of the line grid is between 30 µm and 250 µm, preferably between 50 µm and 100 µm, further preferably between 70 µm and 90 µm.

9. Document according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the decorative ply (3) has a first layer (20) and a second layer (21), and the first layer (20) is arranged between the upper side (4) of the carrier substrate (2) and the second layer (21), in particular wherein the first (20) and second (21) layer are selected from the group of one or more colour layers, one or more layers with optically variable pigments, one or more thin film layer systems, one or more layers generating an optically variable effect, one or more layers with colour pigments and / or dissolved dyes and / or one or more layers with microstructures, in particular wherein the layers generate at least one colour effect in the range of the wavelengths visible to the human eye, in particular in the wavelength range of from 400 nm to 800 nm, when viewing the document (1) from the lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2).

10. Document (1) according to claim 9, characterised in that the at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the carrier substrate (2) is perforated in the one or more first regions (10) by means of a laser in such a way that the first layer (20) is visible in the one or more first regions (10) when viewing the document (1) from the lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2), and the at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the carrier substrate (2) and the first layer (20) of the decorative ply (3) are perforated in the one or more second regions (11) by means of a laser in such a way that the second layer (21) is visible in the one or more second regions (11) when viewing the document (1) from the lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2).

11. Document (1) according to claim 5, characterised in that the carrier substrate (2) is completely perforated in the one or more first (10) and / or second (11) regions, and / or the decorative ply (3) is at least regionally transparent, and / or the tolerance values between the decorative ply (3) and the perforations in the one or more first (10) and / or second regions (11) and / or the at least one third region (12) are between ± 0.1mm and ± 2.0mm, preferably between ± 0.3mm and ± 1.5mm.

12. Method for producing a document (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, comprising a carrier substrate (2) with an upper side (4) and a lower side (5), wherein the method comprises the following steps a), b), c), which are implemented, in particular, in the sequence a), b), c), or a), c), b): a) providing the carrier substrate (2); b) applying a decorative ply (3), in particular by means of hot stamping, cold stamping or laminating, to the upper side (4) of the carrier substrate (2); c) perforating at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the carrier substrate (2) in one or more first regions (10) by means of a laser in such a way that the applied decorative ply (3) is visible in the one or more first regions (10) when viewing the document (1) from the lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2), wherein the method further comprises the following step, which is carried out, in particular, before step b): d) perforating at least one layer (6, 7, 8) of the carrier substrate (2) in one or more second regions (11) by means of a laser in such a way that the decorative ply (3) is visible in the one or more second regions (11) when viewing the document (1) from the lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2), wherein the one or more second regions (11) have a pattern different to the one or more first regions (10) and / or a different contour and / or a different coding, wherein the decorative ply (3) completely covers the one or more first (10) and / or second regions (11) when viewing perpendicular to a plane spanned by the carrier substrate (2), and wherein the document (1) provides a first optical effect in one or more of the first and / or second regions (10, 11), said effect being able to be detected in incident light by a sensor unit (33).

13. Method according to claim 12, characterised in that the method further comprises the following step, which is carried out, in particular, before step b): e) cutting out at least one third region (12) of the carrier substrate (2) by means of punches and / or by means of a laser, in particular in such a way that the decorative ply (3) is visible in the at least one third region when viewing the document (1) from the lower side (5) of the carrier substrate (2).