MISSILE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an intermediate for manufacturing projectiles, in particular expanding or fragmenting projectiles, wherein the finished projectile has a cavity, particularly unfilled, especially in the ogive region, which is bounded by an ogivoid wall of the projectile. A ductile, particularly lead-free, material such as copper, a copper alloy, brass, or the like can be used for the intermediate. The invention further relates to the projectile, particularly the expanding projectile itself. It also relates to a projectile, particularly one deformed under idealized test conditions, which, after being fired, impacts and is collected in a gelatinous mass, particularly an unencased one, in order to inspect and evaluate ideal deformation behavior. The invention further relates to a tool for manufacturing the intermediate and, in particular, the projectile.The invention also relates to a method for producing the intermediate and, optionally, subsequently the projectile of the expanding bullet. Finally, the invention relates to a projectile deformed by the insertion process, after it has struck the gelatinous mass according to known test methods, been collected there, and can be evaluated.

[0002] It is known to manufacture solid projectiles, particularly fragmenting projectiles, with an unfilled cavity in the ogive region, which has a large tip opening at the ogive point, the diameter of which often exceeds 50% of the projectile caliber. It is known to machine several notches into the ogive-shaped wall surrounding the cavity using subtractive manufacturing processes. Upon impact with the gelatinous material, these notches cause a mushroom-shaped or calyx-shaped, radially outwardly bent deformation of the wall. An example of such a notched wall of the ogive section of the projectile is known from WO 2015 / 061662 A1. The known projectile head has a particularly large ogive tip opening through which the gelatinous material can enter the cavity to cause the desired deformation described above.However, it was found that in the case of impact objects with greater hardness, such as gelatinous masses surrounded by textile fabric, gypsum concrete slabs, etc., the central ogive tip opening is blocked by the material of greater hardness, which is why the gelatinous mass that builds up the hydraulic pressure cannot penetrate into the cavity, thus preventing the desired mushroom-shaped deformation structure from forming.

[0003] Furthermore, it is known to manufacture a projectile or projectile head using a so-called intermediate or intermediate product, employing a cold forming process such as deep drawing. An intermediate for manufacturing a projectile, in particular a expanding or fragmenting projectile, similar to the generic article, is known from US 5,259,320. Accordingly, a copper blank is inserted into a cylindrical die and cold-formed by means of a mandrel or punch, the mandrel penetrating the blank in an axial longitudinal direction to create a depression starting from the ogive side to be formed. The ductile material is deformed by the die and the mandrel, thereby forming the desired shape of the intermediate for the projectile. The mandrel can have a pyramidal shape with four flat, inclined flank surfaces that terminate in straight parting lines.A corresponding negative profile is pressed into the blank. The mandrel can have a conical structure to form a corresponding negative cone shape in the blank. The manufactured intermediate has a closed, cylindrical outer wall and a centered press recess in the press end section. The wall extends completely and without breakage circumferentially around the press recess. In a subsequent cold forming process, the wall is formed into an ogive-shaped tip to produce the final projectile. This creates a completely closed inner surface contact in the end region of the jacket, providing a closed cavity within the ogive of the projectile. The cavity is completely enclosed circumferentially by the wall forming the ogive.

[0004] It was observed with the known cold-formed projectile that its deformation behavior, particularly in standardized test procedures, did not meet expectations. With all the various known dies proposed for deep-drawing the intermediate, it was found that the conical or pyramidal tools used were prone to breakage. The tool life of such tools is uneconomically short. Furthermore, the known deep-drawing process using a mandrel resulted in stress variations and work hardening in the circumferential wall, leading to uneven and difficult-to-control deformation of the impacting projectile. In particular, it was observed that deformation using the mandrel, especially the conical one, creates external deep-drawing ridges (points) in the wall / cavity area, necessitating extensive post-processing of the projectile to achieve optimal dynamics.

[0005] US2002 / 0056397 A discloses an intermediate with at least two prongs separated by slots. The inner surface of each prong is triangular with a sharp, straight edge.

[0006] The object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to improve an intermediate for manufacturing a projectile, especially a deformation projectile, a deformed projectile of a deformation projectile, a tool for manufacturing the intermediate, and a method for manufacturing the intermediate in such a way that optimized, simple manufacturing is enabled and the deformation behavior upon impact with a gelatinous target, even when encased, is optimized according to a standardized method.

[0007] This problem is solved by the features of main claims 1, 6, 7, 11 and 14.

[0008] An intermediate for manufacturing a projectile, in particular an expanding projectile, is provided, consisting of a ductile, cylindrical base body. The base body can be made of a homogeneous metal material, such as copper, copper alloy, brass, lead, etc. Preferably, the base body is made of a lead-free material. The base body can be formed from a cut-off blank, which can be formed, in particular, from a cut-off ductile metal material. According to the invention, the base body is cold-formed by pressing, in particular deep drawing, and especially using a punch-die arrangement. The base body or blank to be formed into the intermediate forms, as the intermediate, a cylindrical, solid base end section, which preferably includes a substantially flat end face facing the projectile casing.Furthermore, the intermediate comprises a press end section that is diametrically opposite the base end section in the axial direction of the projectile. This press end section is formed with a central press depression created by the pressing process and a shell or wall that delimits the press depression, forming an ogivoid-shaped tip of the projectile. The intermediate can also be provided with a shell made of a metal material or another suitable material that completely covers the base body or core in the area of ​​the tail, the guide section (shoe), and up to the nose of the projectile intermediate. In particular, the nose end face remains open to allow access to the base body. The shell, in particular, surrounds the base body almost completely in the circumferential direction. Only at the nose end face is no shell material provided to allow the insertion of a forming tool.The jacket can be made of a different or the same material as the base body. For example, a homogeneous metal material such as copper, copper alloy, brass, lead, etc., can be used for the jacket. Preferably, the jacket is made of a lead-free material. The base body forms the core of the intermediate of the projectile to be formed from it. The core is surrounded by the jacket, and in particular, completely surrounded when the projectile is completed from the intermediate. The base body can preferably be in two parts, with a forward-facing section remaining unaffected by the slotting, while a rear-facing section is formed by the slotting.

[0009] According to the invention, the wall to be formed into an ogive in the subsequent forming process of the intermediate is formed with at least two slots extending in the axial direction of the intermediate, resulting in a corresponding number of tines or wall sections separated circumferentially by the slots. The slots or through-slots completely penetrate the wall surrounding the cavity or the press recess radially, so that in the intermediate according to the invention, and also in the projectile, there is free radial access to the cavity via the radial through-slots. Only when the slotted wall is formed into an ogive section is the cavity at least partially closed circumferentially due to the side edges of the structurally separated tines formed by the slots touching or lying closely together, forming a gap.Preferably, three, four, five, six, or more slots or through slots can be provided in the wall. In a preferred embodiment, the at least two slots, in particular exactly three or four slots (consequently exactly three or four prongs), are arranged circumferentially at the same circumferential distance from one another to form a slot / prong arrangement that is point-symmetrical with respect to the axial direction of the intermediate. According to the invention, the at least two slots separate the respective at least two prongs that form the structure of the wall and are intended to delimit a cavity in the circumferential direction of the intermediate, wherein, in particular, two adjacent prongs of the wall are assigned to each slot. The prongs extend from a slot bottom, which forms the base-end section end of the slot, in the axial direction to a prong end or tip, which prong ends form the axial end of the wall and thus of the intermediate.According to the invention, the at least two slots extend by more than 10% of the total axial longitudinal extent of the intermediate from the wall end towards the base end section. The total length of the slot extension to be considered is the axial dimension from the wall end to the slot bottom at the transition between two adjacent prongs. Due to the single-piece nature of the intermediate, particularly the cold forming process, each prong grows axially from the base end section, which geometrically terminates in the axial direction through the slot, towards the prong end. The circumferential width of each prong of the at least two prongs preferably decreases continuously and uniformly in the axial direction towards the prong end, whereby the circumferential width of the slot located between two prongs increases gradually and / or continuously in the axial direction towards the wall end.In a preferred embodiment, the slotting can be continuous or have a slot bottom for closing the cavity or the press-fit recess radially in the circumferential direction, the slot bottom serving to complete a continuous, step-free, and in particular cylindrical, outer surface of the intermediate on the radial outside. The slotting can form a channel structure extending longitudinally along the projectile, open to the interior of the cavity. The depth of the slotting from the cavity to the slot bottom can vary, and in particular can increase continuously in the longitudinal direction towards the rear of the intermediate. In particular, the slotting is completely integrated into the base body and, optionally, into the mantle surrounding the base body.Not only the nearly cylindrical outer surface of the tines, but also the outer surface of the slotted base connecting two adjacent tines in the base body or the mantle, form a completely cylindrical outer surface of the intermediate. The slotted base is uniform in circumference on the cavity side, particularly in width, and extends continuously towards the longitudinal axis of the intermediate into the common cavity floor of the inner cavity. The inner surfaces of the tines formed by the slots also open into this cavity floor.

[0010] The slot, and thus the desired internal hollow profile, is shaped for the intermediate such that, during the forming of the intermediate into the projectile, the prongs introduced by the slot serve as gripping arms and / or a separate tip, for example made of plastic, is inserted and attached to it to form the nose of the projectile, in particular by pressing. During the forming process of the intermediate into the projectile, in which the slotted area is formed radially inwards by utilizing the slot, a clamping action can be used to achieve the aforementioned tip. The intermediate shape according to the invention results in a remarkably simple yet uniform deformation of the blank without the formation of deep-drawn waves.The forming tool that creates the intermediate shape according to the invention provides, due to the design of the slots between (in the circumferential direction) the prongs, a space for material of the intermediate to be subsequently formed, in particular material of the prongs. During pressing or deep drawing according to the cold forming process, the undesirable waviness is largely avoided. In addition, a projectile with the intermediate according to the invention is provided that is realized exclusively by a cold forming process, in particular without having to employ machining processes. The cold-formed intermediate / projectile also achieves the desired partial fragmentation deformation behavior without the projectile splintering upon impact with the gelatinous mass according to the standardized test procedures.

[0011] In a further development of the invention, the at least two slots extend over more than 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% of the total axial extent of the ogive to be formed later in the area of ​​the slotted press end section, which is provided with a press recess. Preferably, the at least two slots extend over the entire axial longitudinal extent of the press end section, so that the ogive to be formed is completely realized by the wall formed with at least two, exactly three, or four slots. The elongated prongs or wall sections, resulting from the corresponding length of the slots, form the ogive-like wall for delimiting the cavity of the projectile, which is designed with an opening at the ogive tip, the clear cross-section of which, according to the invention, is less than 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5% of the caliber cross-section of the projectile.

[0012] The at least two slots, extending from the base end section at the level of the slot bottom, define a circumferential width that can be measured in the circumferential direction. In a further development of the invention, the circumferential width of the at least two slots increases continuously from the slot bottom towards the tip of the shell. Preferably, the slope of the flank edge of the prong that delimits the slot is essentially constant from the slot bottom towards the wall tip, particularly in a major region between the slot bottom and the wall end, wherein the slot bottom is rounded, as is the wall tip, which has a rounded shape with a modified slope. Alternatively or additionally, the at least two slots can open continuously from the slot bottom in the axial direction, with the slot opening being maximal, particularly at the wall tip.

[0013] Preferably, the at least two prongs are substantially identical in shape and dimensions to form a symmetrical, in particular point-symmetrical, structure of the intermediate, at least in the region of the press end section or entirely, which will largely form the ogive of the projectile. The at least two prongs extend axially from the slot bottom and the press depression arc. The prongs can also be shaped as teeth, and may, but preferably, taper to a pointed end, which is preferably rounded, with the prong end extending bluntly in the circumferential direction.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shape of the respective prong is decisive. Preferably, an inner surface of the respective prong facing the press recess is convex in the circumferential and / or axial direction. Preferably, in a cross-sectional view of the respective prong, the material thickness of the prong increases towards the center of the circumferential direction, wherein, in particular, the outwardly facing outer surface of the prong is cylindrical and, in particular, already corresponds substantially to the caliber of the projectile. Two flank surfaces on the inside of the prong, which are preferably axially symmetrical to the axial central axis of the prong, extend from the edge of the prong, which defines the slot and extends in the axial direction, to its center. They can be flat, concave, or convex.Preferably, the two adjacent flank surfaces are at an angle to each other, with the apex of the flank surfaces essentially corresponding to the central axis of the tine, along which the tine is thickest and has the greatest material thickness. Preferably, the central region of the tine is formed with a maximum material extent that extends as an edge from the tine tip to the base end section. Preferably, a circumferentially convex inner surface has, at approximately half the circumference of the tine, an edge-like projection extending into the press recess, which preferably extends in a straight line from the axial height of the slot bottom to the tine tip.In particular, the flat, convex, or concave flank surface of the tine can slope down from the edge-like projection towards a side edge of the tine that defines the respective adjacent slot, with regard to the material thickness of the tine. Preferably, the edge- or ridge-like projection is rounded towards both inner flank surfaces.

[0015] In the case of a convex design of the inner surface of the tine in the axial direction, the convex inner surface is preferably designed without protrusions.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer surfaces of the tine are cylindrical, particularly according to the die used for the process. The lateral boundary edge of the tine represents the end of the cylindrical outer surface of the tine, at which there is a profile break towards the inner surface of the tine, which inner surface has a convex shape in the circumferential or axial direction.

[0017] In a further development of the invention, instead of an edge- or ridge-like projection extending into the process recess, a recess, such as a groove or a slot, which also extends in a straight line from the tine tip to the axial height of the slot bottom, can be formed, interrupting the convex shape of the inner flank surface.

[0018] In a further development of the invention, the at least two tines define a wall thickness when viewed from a circumferential transverse slot perspective. The wall thickness of the tine preferably increases from a lateral edge (transition between the cylindrical outer surface and the inner surface of the tine) bounding the respective adjacent slot at a specific axial height, and particularly along the entire axial extent, towards a wall thickness maximum. From this wall thickness maximum, the wall thickness can decrease again, particularly continuously, towards the opposite lateral edge. Preferably, the wall thickness maximum is formed essentially in the center of the tine in the circumferential direction. Alternatively, instead of a wall thickness maximum, a reduction in wall thickness in the form of a depression can be provided, which adjoins a wall thickness increase. In such an embodiment, each tine comprises two wall thickness maxima, which are bounded by the depression.From the respective maximum wall thickness, the wall thickness decreases towards the adjacent side edge that defines the slot. The maximum wall thickness extends over a region of the tine's axial extent, particularly in its axial central region. Preferably, the maximum wall thickness extends substantially from the tine end to the axial height in the region of the slot bottom and beyond to the bottom of the press recess.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the press recess extends over more than 50%, in particular between 50% and 80%, preferably more than 60%, preferably between 60% and 80%, and particularly in the range of 75%, of the total axial extent of the intermediate or projectile. The press recess defines a recess bottom, in the center of which the slot bottoms of the at least two slots extend radially and optionally axially to the cylindrical outer surface. The base end section without a press recess consists of the solid material of the blank and is bounded in the axial direction by the press recess bottom and the slot bottoms extending away from it. From this boundary, by means of the slotted shell, the press end section of the intermediate extends.

[0020] The projection formed on the inner surface of each tine, in particular the maximum wall thickness, preferably extends axially beyond the axial height of the slot bottom, and in particular substantially completely to the bottom of the press recess. Preferably, the projection transitions continuously into the recess bottom without forming a profile projection. The same applies to the recess that may form in place of a projection on the inner surface of each tine.

[0021] Preferably, the bottom of the depression, representing the dead-end region of the press recess, is spherically shaped. Alternatively, the bottom of the depression can also be flat, with a maximum width of 10 mm or a few millimeters. The bottom of the depression can extend radially in such a way that it transitions continuously into a slotted bottom, in particular into all slotted bottoms of the at least two slots. The slotted bottoms can be flat as strips or rounded like a groove and terminate in a corresponding shape of the central bottom of the depression.

[0022] In a further development of the invention, the outer surface of at least two tines is cylindrical, while the inner surface is convex, curving towards a tine tip, with the curvature gradually increasing relative to the vertical. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, exactly three tines are provided for the wall of the press end section, arranged at an angle of 120° to each other at an equal circumferential distance. Alternatively, exactly four tines can be provided, the central axes of which are arranged at a circumferential distance of essentially 90° to each other. The respective tines have an identical or similar shape and the same cross-section, particularly along their entire axial length from the bottom of the recess to the tine tip.

[0023] In a further development of the invention, exactly two prongs are provided, wherein the two slots separating the prongs on both sides narrow radially towards a center (the longitudinal axis of the intermediate) and widen radially outwards again from the center. The two prongs are identically shaped and are axially symmetrical to each other.

[0024] Deformation control upon impact, for example into an ideal, gel-like substance, is achieved through the specific design of the at least two tines in conjunction with the press recess and, consequently, the at least two slots. The convex area on the inside of the tine provides reinforcement in the area of ​​the weakening of the press-end section of the intermediate caused by the press recess. The slot, which defines two tines and tapers from the pointed end to the slot bottom, reinforces the tine base where it transitions into the base end section. Dimensional stability is maintained along the entire axial length and in cross-section along the axial path of the tine from the recess bottom to the tine end.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the punch used to profile the press end section for the intermediate is shaped like a Phillips screwdriver, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the intermediate. Two-prong, three-prong, four-prong, or multi-prong screwdrivers can be used. The prongs of the Phillips screwdriver blade create the slots in the blank to form the intermediate, with the central section of the screwdriver forming the press recesses.

[0026] Furthermore, the invention relates to a projectile for a deformation bullet, which is manufactured from a ductile blank that is first cold-formed into the intermediate. The projectile is then realized by a forming process. According to the invention, the projectile is to be realized using the intermediate according to the invention.

[0027] Furthermore, the invention relates to a projectile, in particular a expanding or fragmenting projectile, comprising a cylindrical, solid base end section and an ogive section integrally connected to the base end section, the ogive section having a wall for completely enclosing a cavity, in particular an unfilled cavity, and an opening centered at one tip of the ogive section with a clear opening cross-section of less than 20%, 15%, 13%, 10%, 8%, or 5% of the caliber cross-section of the projectile defined by the base end section. Preferably, the maximum dimension, which, for example, in the case of a Y-shaped, star-shaped, or I-shaped opening, is the longest linear dimension to be measured, for example, from one leg of the star to the opposite boundary wall, is less than 17%, 15%, 13%, or 10% of the diameter of the base end section.Surprisingly, it was found that an ogive tip opening of this size is sufficient to penetrate harder materials, such as elastic materials or textiles, without causing any clogging or blockage of the opening. Upon entering the gelatinous mass according to the standardized test procedures, the gelatinous material can then readily penetrate the empty cavity of the ogive section to build up the hydraulic pressure that causes the desired partial deformation of the projectile.

[0028] Furthermore, the invention relates to a projectile, in particular an expanding projectile. The projectile comprises a cylindrical, solid base end section, which preferably includes a flat end face. In a further embodiment, this end face may have a central depression or indentation oriented axially towards the ogive tip. The base end section serves to be inserted into a cartridge case of the projectile or ammunition. The projectile also has a crimped end section diametrically opposite the base end section in the axial direction, which essentially corresponds to that of the intermediate. The crimped end section has a central crimped depression formed by crimping and a wall delimiting the crimped depression, which is formed into an ogivoid-shaped tip. This creates a cavity within the projectile in the region of the ogive or the wall.The cavity is unfilled and empty so that, in particular according to the standardized test procedure, gelatinous material can penetrate the cavity to build up the hydraulic pressure that is intended to trigger the deformation behavior according to the invention. According to the invention, the wall of the projectile has at least two wall sections. It should be understood that the aforementioned prongs or wall sections form the ogive of the projectile as soon as the prongs are transformed from their outer-surface cylindrical orientation to the pointed-arch ogive. The ogive should preferably be tangentially ogive. In the projectile according to the invention, adjacent wall sections are bent circumferentially in such a way that they at least partially touch each other, so that in the area of ​​contact of the wall sections, a cavity formed by the press depression, particularly during the formation of the intermediate, is created circumferentially (i.e.,in the area of ​​partial contact of the side edges of the ogive sections). The closure is complete in the circumferential direction as soon as there is contact between the side edges. The side edges do not have to be in complete contact; as stated above, the contact can be partial.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cavity, which is to be circumferentially bounded by the wall sections, is not completely open, but has at least three openings: a central opening at the ogive tip, as already mentioned above, and at least two lateral openings in the region of the slot bottoms, which are created during the formation of the intermediate. The number of lateral openings depends on the number of slot bottoms. Preferably, the lateral openings have an identical shape in their clear cross-section. The cross-section of the lateral openings can be substantially triangular, heart-shaped, or spade-shaped and can extend from a small area to a region of more than 30% of the axial extent of the cavity.

[0030] In a further development of the invention, the projectile is manufactured starting from the intermediate according to the invention. The finished intermediate is then cold-bent to form the respective ogive section. For this purpose, it can be inserted into a suitable die.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the contact length of adjacent ogive sections at their lateral edges is 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total length of the lateral edges of the respective ogive sections. The lateral edges are measured from the tip of the respective ogive section to a slot bottom. Preferably, the lateral edges are in contact along their entire length, so that the contacting ogive sections completely close the cavity. Achieving a completely complete closure is difficult from a manufacturing perspective, so it can be assumed that a small opening of less than 2 mm or 1 mm remains in the slot bottom zone, which does not affect the aerodynamics or impact deformation.This lateral opening, which results from the slotted bottom in the intermediate and the subsequent deformation towards the ogivoid shape of the wall, can extend by less than 1 mm along the side edges of the wall sections or over a substantial area along the axial extent of the cavity, up to more than 50% of the axial length of the cavity.

[0032] According to the invention, a planar or linear contact of the side edges to completely enclose the cavity in the area of ​​contact is not necessary. Of course, the ogive formed by the bent wall sections can have a narrow gap (without contact) along the side edges, whereby a gap of less than 1 mm or 2 mm can be established regardless of the caliber size. However, a longitudinally extending contact between a portion of the side edges of adjacent wall sections is preferable, particularly to define the opening edge of the centered ogive tip opening. The contact area along the side edges can be less than 3 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, especially with a caliber of 9 mm.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the respective tips of the ogive sections are formed into an opening, in particular a substantially circular one, which is centered on the longitudinal axis of the projectile at the tip of the ogive section and is open towards the cavity, in particular an empty cavity, wherein the opening cross-section of the muzzle is in particular a Y-shape, an I-shape, or a star shape. Several opening tongues can meet at a common opening center, wherein the opening tongues are arranged in a substantially equidistant circumferential section relative to each other. The opening center is located centrally, coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the projectile.

[0034] Furthermore, the invention relates to a projectile, in particular a deformation projectile. This projectile according to the invention can be combined with the aforementioned projectile detail. Preferably, the projectile according to the invention is made of a ductile material, such as copper, a copper alloy, brass, or the like. The projectile is dimensioned and shaped, in particular cold-formed, such that after firing and impact with a gelatinous mass, in which it is also intended to become embedded, the projectile is deformed in such a way that at least two prongs, bent radially outwards and backwards in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, are formed from a base end section that is in particular substantially cylindrical and largely undeformed. The prongs are made of solid material and are formed integrally with the base end section.The slitting of the intermediate and the resulting lateral openings in the wall bounding the cavity create a deformation hinge at the axial height of two adjacent slot arcs, resulting in a defined folding / pivoting deformation radially outward and axially backward. In the deformed state, the prongs have a calyx-like shape and extend accordingly from the base end section. Preferably, it is the prongs described above, with respect to the intermediate, that are bent radially inward after intermediate production to form the ogive. The opposite radial mushroom-shaped folding deformation is caused by the hydraulic pressure that builds up in the cavity upon entry into the gelatinous mass, a pressure that was limited by the respective prongs.Upon impact, a gelatinous mass enters the cavity through the opening at the ogive tip of the projectile, causing the prongs to split and unfold as described above. A long slot length results in a wide radial expansion of the at least two prongs. Surprisingly, the use of the intermediate according to the invention, and thus of the projectile according to the invention, revealed that, in addition to the at least two prongs, further tooth-shaped, prong-shaped, or spike-like, radially outward-pointing beak- or tooth-shaped projections form, located at the transition between two adjacent prongs. Between the at least two recurved prongs, two further identical or at least similarly shaped, tapered, radially projecting teeth are formed in the gelatinous mass by the impact deformation.The at least two recurved teeth also extend integrally from the base end section of the projectile, whereby the majority of the projectile's kinetic energy is dissipated through deformation of the outwardly bent prongs and the outwardly bent intermediate teeth. According to the invention, it was found that the radial extent of the at least two teeth is less than that of the at least two adjacent prongs.

[0035] Preferably, exactly three or exactly four radial prongs are curved outwards, with a shorter, tapered tooth formed between each pair of adjacent prongs.

[0036] The radial extent of the at least two teeth is less than that of the at least two prongs. Preferably, the radial extent of the at least two teeth is less than 50% of the radial extent of the prongs. The dimensional difference in the radial direction between the prong and the teeth can be adjusted by the length of the slots machined into the intermediate of the projectile. Surprisingly, it was found that the through-slots in the intermediate create wall sections and the resulting slot bottom structures, in particular rounded or flat slot bottom surfaces. In conjunction with the prong, especially due to the convex curvature on the inner surface, a specific deformation is forced in the area of ​​the slot bottom, leading to the aforementioned intermediate tooth structure according to the invention in the deformed projectile.

[0037] It is the area of ​​the slot bottom in conjunction with the solid base end section and the adjacent tines that causes the shorter, pointed teeth to form next to the bent tines in the transition area to the base end section, which also protrude radially outwards in a mushroom-like manner.

[0038] Preferably, the base end section of the deformed projectile has a central deformation-side depression, the bottom of which is formed almost unchanged from the press-drilled depression bottom of the intermediate. From this depression, at least two prongs and at least two teeth extend radially outwards in a beak-like fashion, the prongs having a convex upper surface. The at least two teeth may also have a convex radial extension. However, these may not be clearly defined, particularly in the case of short teeth of less than 2 mm.

[0039] In a further development of the invention, the at least two deformed prongs and / or at least two deformed teeth of the projectile have a central material reinforcement, which extends in a straight line in the longitudinal direction of the respective prong and / or tooth, particularly from the central recess at the base end section. This reinforcement is achieved by an accumulation of material that is already provided in the intermediate according to the invention.

[0040] Alternatively or additionally, the deformed projectile may exhibit a radial constriction between a tooth and the adjacent intermediate tooth, particularly when viewed axially, which separates the respective tooth from the respective tooth.

[0041] Furthermore, the invention relates to a tool, such as a punch or a mandrel, for pressing a blank made of a ductile material, such as copper, a copper alloy, brass, or the like, inserted into a cylindrical die. The blank can be a one-piece base body or a two-part body comprising a core surrounded by a jacket made of a similarly ductile material. Such a blank is used, in particular, to form a hunting bullet, especially a fragmenting bullet. The tool serves to form an intermediate, particularly according to the invention, or a projectile according to the invention from the blank.According to the invention, the tool has a pressing head which is shaped according to a blade of a slotted screwdriver, in particular of the SL type, PH type, or PZ type, wherein in particular the maximum diameter of the blade is larger, in particular by at least 0.5 mm, 1 mm or 2 mm, but preferably less than 5 mm, than the caliber of the projectile to be produced.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the press head is made of a hardened material, such as a cemented carbide, which may be selected from the group of known cemented carbides. In particular, the press head may be made of a hardened steel with a Vickers hardness greater than 55 HV5. It should be understood that a surface-hardened steel may also be used for the press head.

[0043] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing an intermediate, particularly according to the invention, for manufacturing the projectile of a missile. Preferably, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a projectile according to the invention, especially based on the intermediate according to the invention. In a method according to the invention, a cylindrical die is used, which preferably corresponds to the caliber of the missile. A blank made of a ductile material, such as copper, a copper alloy, brass, or the like, is inserted into the cylindrical die. To produce the intermediate according to the invention, a press head is inserted into the die to cold-form the blank, in particular by deep drawing. Preferably, in the method according to the invention for producing the intermediate, in particular the projectile, only a cold-forming process is used.Preferably, any machining process is avoided. It was found that a precise projectile with optimized deformation properties can be produced when a slotted screwdriver blade is used for cold forming the blank for the press head. Surprisingly, it was found that even classic conventional blade shapes, such as the SL, PH, and PZ types, are suitable for use with the die tool according to the invention for cold forming the blank.

[0044] Preferably, the method according to the invention is implemented by using a tool according to the invention.

[0045] Regarding the tool according to the invention, it should be noted that between the ribs of the screwdriver blades forming the slots in the blank, during a

[0046] Cross-sectional analysis reveals an axially symmetrical inclination relative to the axial direction of the tool. The angle between the inclined webs should be greater than 45° and less than 80°, preferably between 50° and 70°, and particularly around 60°.

[0047] Preferably, the press head according to the invention has three or exactly four ribs for forming the slots, which serve to create the slots extending radially from the central cavity into the intermediate and / or are arranged at equidistant circumferential distances from one another. The engagement edges of the ribs for forming the slot bottoms are either rounded or flat, and the ribs, inclined backwards from a tip coinciding with the central section of the tool, can extend radially outwards. It should be understood that the angle of inclination should be the same for all ribs, whether there are two, three, four, or more. The ribs serve to form the slots described above, the slot width of which can be adjusted according to the rib width of the tool. Preferably, the rib widths should be less than 2 mm for a caliber of, for example, 9 mm.

[0048] The blade comprises an arrangement of flank surfaces between adjacent blades, which, when viewed as a whole, are concave at least in the circumferential and / or axial direction. The concave transition surfaces between the ribs form the desired convex upper contours of the intermediate's prongs, leading to the desired increased deformation and the associated energy dissipation in the projectile according to the invention.

[0049] The aforementioned well-known, and in particular standardized, test procedure, in which the deformation behavior of a projectile is analyzed by firing it at a gelatin block, can be based on the following test procedures, both of which are hereby considered part of the disclosure. Firstly, reference is made to the FBI protocol, "FBI Ammunition Protocol - Brass Fetcher Ballistic Testing." Secondly, reference is made to the technical guideline (TR), "9 mm x 19 Cartridge, Reduced Emission," specifically the 2009 version, issued by the police, state, and federal authorities. The editing is carried out by the Police Technology Institute (PTI) of the German Police University (DHPol). The procedures specified therein for providing an ideal test environment are considered part of the disclosure of these documents.

[0050] Further properties, advantages and features of the invention will become clear through the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show: Fig. 1 a perspective view of an intermediate according to the invention for manufacturing a projectile according to a preferred embodiment; Fig. 2 a top view of the intermediate according to Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a cross-sectional view along section line III-III according to Fig. 2 ; Fig. 4 a cross-sectional view of the intermediate along the section line IV-IV according to Fig. 2 ; Fig. 5 a side view of a projectile according to the invention in a preferred embodiment based on the intermediate according to the invention Figs. 1 to 4 ; Fig. 6 a top view of the projectile according to Fig. 5 ; Fig. 7 a cross-sectional view of the projectile according to Figs. 5 and 6 ; Fig. 8 a perspective view of the projectile according to Figs. 5 to 7Fig. 1.1 a perspective view of an intermediate according to the invention for manufacturing a projectile according to a further preferred embodiment; Fig. 2.1 a top view of the intermediate according to Figure 1.1 Fig. 3.1 a cross-sectional view along section line III-III according to Fig. 2.1 ; Fig. 4.1 a cross-sectional view of the intermediate along section lines IV-IV according to Fig. 2.1 Fig. 5.1 shows a top view of a projectile according to the invention in a further preferred embodiment based on the intermediate according to the invention. Figures 1.1 to 4.1 ; Fig. 6.1 a cross-sectional view of the projectile along section line VI-VI according to Figure 5.1 ; and Fig. 7.1 a perspective view of the projectile according to the Figs. 5.1 and 6.1 ; Fig. 9 a top view of a tool for manufacturing the intermediate according to the invention Figs. 1 to 4 or of the projectile according to Figs. 5 to 8Fig. 10 a cross-sectional view of the tool along section line XX; Fig. 11 a perspective view of the tool according to Figs. 9 and 10 ; Fig. 12 a cross-sectional view of the tool along section line XII-XII according to Fig. 9 Fig. 13 a perspective view of an intermediate according to the invention in a further preferred embodiment; Fig. 14 a top view of the intermediate according to Fig. 13 ; Fig. 15 a cross-sectional view of the intermediate along section line XV-XV according to Fig. 14 ; Fig. 16 a cross-sectional view of the intermediate along section line XVI-XVI according to Fig. 14 ; Fig. 17 a side view of a projectile according to the invention in a further preferred embodiment based on the intermediate according to the invention. Figs. 13 to 16 ; Fig. 18 a top view of the projectile according to the invention Fig. 17 ; Fig. 19 a cross-sectional view of the projectile according to Figs. 17 and 18 ; Fig. 20 a perspective view of the projectile according to Figs. 17 to 19 ; Fig. 21 a top view of a tool for manufacturing the intermediate according to the invention Figs. 13 to 16 of the projectile according to Figs. 17 to 20 in a further embodiment according to the invention; Fig. 22 a cross-sectional view of the tool along the section line ZZ according to Fig. 21 ; Fig. 23 a perspective view of the tool according to Figs. 21 and 22 ; Fig. 24 a cross-sectional view of the tool along the section line YY to Fig. 21 Fig. 25 a perspective view of an intermediate according to the invention in a further preferred embodiment; Fig. 26 a top view of the intermediate according to Fig. 25 ; Fig. 27 a perspective view of the intermediate along the section line XX to Fig. 26 ; Fig. 28 a cross-sectional view of the intermediate along the section line YY according to Fig. 26 ; Fig. 29 a perspective view of a projectile according to the invention in a further preferred embodiment based on the intermediate according to Figs. 25 to 28; Fig. 30 a top view of the projectile according to the invention Fig. 29 ; Fig. 31 a cross-sectional view of the projectile according to the invention Figs. 29 and 30 ; Fig. 32 a perspective view of the projectile according to the invention Figs. 29 to 31 ; Fig. 33 a top view of a tool in a further preferred embodiment for manufacturing the intermediate according to the invention Figs. 25 to 28 or of the projectile according to Figs. 29 to 32 ; Fig. 34 a cross-sectional view of the tool along the section line ZZ to Fig. 33 ; Fig. 35 a perspective view of the tool according to Figs. 33 and 34 ; Fig. 36 a cross-sectional view of the tool along the section line YY to Fig. 33 Fig. 37 a perspective view of an intermediate according to the invention in a further preferred embodiment; Fig. 38 a top view of the intermediate according to Fig. 37 ; Fig. 39 a cross-sectional view of the intermediate along section line XX to Fig. 38; Fig. 40 a cross-sectional view of the intermediate along the section line ZZ to Fig. 38 ; Fig. 41 a side view of a projectile according to the invention in a further preferred embodiment based on the intermediate according to Figs. 37 to 40 ; Fig. 42 a top view of the projectile after Fig. 41 Fig. 43 shows a cross-sectional view of the projectile. Figs. 41 and 42 ; Fig. 44 a perspective view of the projectile according to Figs. 41 to 43 ; Fig. 45 a top view of a tool in a further preferred embodiment for forming the intermediate according to Figs. 37 to 40 or Figs. 1.1 to 4.1 or of the projectile according to Figs. 41 to 44 or Figs. 5.1 to 7.1 Fig. 46 a cross-sectional view along the section line XX to Fig. 45 ; Fig. 47 a perspective view of the tool according to Figs. 45 and 46 Fig. 48 shows a cross-sectional view of the tool along the section line ZZ. Fig. 45Fig. 49 a perspective view of an intermediate according to the invention in a further preferred embodiment; Fig. 50 a top view of the intermediate according to Fig. 49 ; Fig. 51 a cross-sectional view along the section line ZZ according to Fig. 50 ; Fig. 52 a cross-sectional view along the section line to Fig. 50 , which are at 45° relative to the ZZ axis according to Fig. 50 is rotated; Fig. 53 a top view of a tool in a further preferred embodiment for manufacturing the intermediate according to Figs. 49 to 52 ; Fig. 54 a cross-sectional view of the tool along the section line ZZ according to Fig. 53 ; Fig. 55 a perspective view of the tool according to Figs. 53 to 54 ; Fig. 56 a side view of a projectile according to the invention in a further preferred embodiment based on the intermediate according to Figs. 49 to 52 ; Fig. 57 a top view of the projectile after Figs. 56 and 57 ; Fig. 58 a cross-sectional view of the projectile after Figs. 56 and 57; Fig. 59 a perspective view of the projectile after Figs. 56 to 58 Fig. 60 a perspective view of an intermediate according to the invention in a further preferred embodiment; Fig. 61 a top view of the intermediate according to Fig. 60 ; Fig. 62 a cross-sectional view along the section line YY to Fig. 61 ; Fig. 63 a sectional view along a section line rotated by 60° relative to the section line YY towards Fig. 61 ; Fig. 64 a top view of a tool in a further preferred embodiment for manufacturing an intermediate according to Figs. 60 to 63 ; Fig. 65 a cross-sectional view along the section line YY to Fig. 64 ; Fig. 66 a top view of a tool rotated by 60° according to Fig. 64 ; Fig. 67 a cross-sectional view along section line XX to Fig. 66 ; Fig. 68 a perspective view of the tool according to Figs. 64 to 67; Fig. 69 a perspective top view of a projectile deformed after firing according to the invention, based on an intact projectile according to Figs. 17 to 20 ; Fig. 70 a perspective view of the deformed projectile after Fig. 69 ; Fig. 71 a side view of the projectile according to the invention Figs. 69 and 70 Fig. 72 a perspective view of an intermediate according to the invention in a further embodiment for manufacturing a partial fragmentation projectile according to a preferred embodiment; Fig. 73 a top view of the intermediate according to Figure 72 ; Fig. 74 a cross-sectional view along section line III-III according to Fig. 73 ; Fig. 75 a cross-sectional view of the intermediate along section line IV-IV according to Fig. 73 ; Fig. 76 a side view of the intermediate according to the Figures 72 to 75 ; Fig. 77 another side view of the intermediate according to the Figures 72 to 76Fig. 78 shows a perspective view of a projectile according to the invention in a first construction according to a preferred embodiment based on the intermediate according to the invention. Figures 72 to 77 , where dashed lines indicate edges not visible from the outside; Fig. 79 a top view of the projectile according to Fig. 78 ; Fig. 80 a perspective view of the projectile according to the Figs. 78 and 79 , where the dashed lines are omitted; Fig. 81 a cross-sectional view of the projectile along the section lines in IV-IV according to Fig. 79 ; Fig. 82 a side view of the projectile according to the Figures 78 to 81 Fig. 83 shows a perspective view of a projectile according to the invention in a second embodiment based on the intermediate according to the invention. Figs. 72-77 and the projectile after the Figs. 78-82 , where the dashed lines show edges that are not visible from the outside; Fig. 84 a perspective view of the projectile after Fig. 83without dashed lines; Fig. 85 a top view of the projectile according to the Figures 83 and 84 ; Fig. 86 a cross-sectional view of the projectile according to along the section lines IV-IV according to Fig. 85 ; Fig. 87 a side view of the projectile according to the Figures 83 to 87 Fig. 88 a perspective view of an intermediate according to the invention for manufacturing a partial fragmentation projectile according to the invention with two separate core components according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; Fig. 89 a top view of the intermediate according to Fig. 88 ; Fig. 90 a cross-sectional view of the intermediate along section lines IV-IV according to Fig. 89 ; Fig. 91 a cross-sectional view of the projectile along section lines III-III according to Fig. 89 ; Fig. 92 a side view of the projectile according to the Figs. 88 to 91 ; Fig. 93 another side view of the intermediate according to the Figures 88 to 92Fig. 94 shows a perspective view of a projectile according to the invention in a first embodiment based on the intermediate according to the invention. Figs. 88-92 ; Fig. 95 a top view of the projectile after Fig. 94 ; Fig. 96 a perspective view of the projectile according to the Figs. 94 and 95 ; Fig. 97 a cross-sectional view of the projectile along the section lines IV-IV according to Fig. 95 ; Fig. 98 a side view of the projectile according to the Figs. 94-97 Fig. 99 shows a perspective view of a projectile according to the invention in a second embodiment based on the intermediate according to the invention. Figures 88 to 93 , where the non-visible edges of the projectile are shown as dashed lines; Fig. 100 a perspective view of the projectile according to Fig. 99 without dashed lines; Fig. 101 a top view of a projectile according to the Fig. 99 and 100 ; Fig. 102 a cross-sectional view of the projectile along the section lines IV-IV according to Fig. 101; Fig. 103 a side view of the projectile according to the Figs. 99 to 102 Fig. 104 a perspective view of an intermediate according to the invention for manufacturing a projectile according to the invention, such as a fragmentation projectile, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; Fig. 105 a top view of the intermediate according to Fig. 104 ; Fig. 106 a cross-sectional view along section line IV-IV according to Fig. 105 ; Fig. 107 a cross-sectional view along section line III-III according to Fig. 105 ; Fig. 108 a side view of the intermediate according to the Figures 104 to 107 ; Fig. 109 another side view of the intermediate according to the Figs. 104 to 108 ; Fig. 110 a perspective view of a projectile according to the invention in a first embodiment based on the intermediate according to the invention. Figures 104 to 109 , where dashed lines indicate edges that are not visible from the outside; Fig. 111 a top view of the projectile after Fig. 110; Fig. 112 a perspective view of the projectile according to the Figs. 110 and 111 ; Fig. 113 a cross-sectional view of the section along section lines IV-IV according to Fig. 111 ; Fig. 114 a side view of the projectile according to the Figs. 110 to 113 ; Fig. 115 a perspective view of a projectile according to the invention in a second embodiment based on the intermediate according to the invention. Figs. 104 to 109 , where dashed lines indicate edges that are not visible from the outside; Fig. 116 a perspective view of the projectile after Fig. 51 without a dashed line; Fig. 117 a top view of the projectile according to the Fig. 115 and 116 ; Fig. 118 a cross-sectional view of the projectile along section line IV-IV according to Fig. 117 ; Fig. 119 a side view of the projectile according to the Figs. 115 to 117Fig. 120 a perspective view of an intermediate according to the invention for manufacturing a projectile according to the invention, such as a fragmentation projectile, in a preferred embodiment; Fig. 121 a top view of an intermediate according to Fig. 120 ; Fig. 122 a cross-sectional view of the intermediate along section line IV-IV according to Fig. 121 ; Fig. 123 a cross-sectional view of the intermediate along section line III-III according to Fig. 121 ; Fig. 124 a side view of the intermediate according to the Figs. 120 to 123 ; Fig. 125 another side view of the intermediate according to the Figs. 120 to 124 ; Fig. 126 a perspective view of a projectile according to the invention in a first embodiment based on the intermediate according to the Figs. 120-125 , where dashed lines indicate edges that are not visible from the outside; Fig. 127 a perspective view of the projectile after Fig. 126 without dashed lines; Fig. 128 a top view of the projectile according to the Figs. 126 and 127; Fig. 129 a cross-sectional view of the projectile along section line IV-IV according to Fig. 128 ; Fig. 130 a side view of the projectile according to the Figs. 126-130 ; Fig. 131 a perspective view of a projectile according to the invention in a second embodiment based on the intermediate according to the invention. Figs. 120-125 , where dashed lines indicate edges that are not visible from the outside; Fig. 132 a perspective view of the projectile after Fig. 131 without a dashed line; Fig. 133 a top view of the projectile according to the Figs. 131-132 ; Fig. 134 a cross-sectional view of the projectile along section line IV-IV according to Fig. 133 ; and Fig. 135 a side view of the projectile according to the Figs. 131-134 .

[0051] In Fig. 1Figure 1 is an example illustrated by means of a perspective view of an intermediate or semi-finished product according to the invention for manufacturing a projectile or shell of ammunition according to the invention, in particular a expanding or fragmenting projectile. It should be noted that in all perspective views such as Fig. 1 The dashed lines represent invisible contour edges according to a perspective view. To better illustrate the profile within the intermediate, the invisible contours are shown with dashed lines.

[0052] In Figs. 1 to 4 The intermediate according to the invention is generally designated by the reference numeral 1. The intermediate 1 consists of a blank cut from an approximately cylindrical bar section and subsequently inserted into a die, which is not shown in detail. The blank is then cold-formed to achieve the shape of the intermediate according to Figs. 1 to 4 to obtain.

[0053] The intermediate 1 comprises a cylindrical, solid base end section 3 with a flat end face 5. The base end section 3 includes a rounded edge on the flat end face 5 for easy insertion into a cartridge case (not shown).

[0054] In the axial direction A, the base end section 3 transitions into a press end section 7, the transition between the base end section 3 and the press end section 7 being defined by a press recess 11 formed in the blank. In the top view according to Fig. 2It is evident that, viewed axially, the press depression has a star shape, with three slot arms 10a to 10c extending radially outwards from an axial center (cavity 18 of the projectile 37). These slot arms 10a to 10c form a completely continuous slot in a wall 12 of the press end section 7, which wall 12 is defined by the prongs 13 resulting from the slots 10a to 10c. The slots 10a to 10c completely separate the prongs 13, extending continuously from the radial outer surface of the intermediate 1 towards the center of the depression (the cavity 18) along the longitudinal axis A. Thus, in a radial cross-section not shown in detail, the prongs 13 are structurally separated from one another by the slots.

[0055] The cavity 18 results from the depression 11 (see below). Figs. 5 to 8), which is formed in particular during the deformation of the tines 13 into the ogive section 20. During this deformation, the tines, which extend cylindrically on the outside, are formed radially inwards to create the ogiveoid outer surface, whereby the cavity 18 is partially closed in the circumferential direction, particularly when the side edges 17 of the tines 13 are in contact.

[0056] The press end section 7 comprises, in the version according to Figs. 1 to 4 Three prongs 13 extending from the press end section, all having essentially the same external shape and arranged at equidistant circumferential intervals of approximately 120° to each other. Each prong 13 in the intermediate stage after Figs. 1 to 4has a cylindrical outer surface 15 that terminates at a lateral edge region 17 of the tine 13, where, viewed circumferentially, the cylindrical outer surface 15 ends abruptly. From the edge region 17, a pair of inner flank surfaces 21, 23 extend towards the press recess 11, exhibiting a convex shape in both the axial and circumferential directions. When viewed according to Figs. 1 to 4 The intermediate has the form of a solid calyx. Each tine 13 converges from the base end section 3 to a tine tip 25, with the circumferential width of each tine 13 decreasing continuously from a base of the tine in the transition area to the base end section 3 towards the tine tip 25.

[0057] As can be seen particularly in the cross-sectional views of the Figs. 3 and 4As can be seen, each prong 13 includes a material reinforcement or material accumulation 31 in the area of ​​the center of the prong 13 in the longitudinal axis of the intermediate 1. The material accumulation 31 is responsible for a convex shape of the inner side flank surfaces 21, 23 and represents an aspect to achieve a controlled deformation of the projectile 37 resulting from the intermediate 1, especially when it is fired into a gelatin block (not shown in detail) according to the above-mentioned test procedures.

[0058] The material accumulation 31 extends essentially in a straight line from the tine tip 25 to the tine foot at the transition area to the base end section 3. As in Figs. 2, 3 and 4As can be seen, a slot bottom 33 extends radially for each of the slots 10a to 10c towards a central depression bottom 35, the depression bottom 35 being lower in side view than the further radial extension of the slot bottoms 33. The slot bottoms 33 rise radially from the central depression bottom 35. The slot bottoms 33 are essentially flat or rounded and are approximately 0.5 mm to 4 mm or 5 mm wide for a 9 mm projectile. The weakening of the intermediate 1 due to the depression 11 introduced by deep drawing, in combination with the subsequent forming to create the ogive section 20, means that upon impact of the projectile 37 formed from the intermediate 1, for example according to Figs. 5 to 8The material in the area of ​​the slot bottom acts as a forced deformation hinge, as it runs along the connecting line of two adjacent slot bottoms 33. The plastic deformation hinge causes the prongs 13 to fold radially outwards, as is the case, for example, in the deformed projectile 81 according to Figs. 69 to 71 The tines 83 are shaped like a chalice or tongue and extend radially outwards.

[0059] As in Fig. 3 As can be seen, the slot 10a to 10c extends from the axial maximum extension of the tine tip 25 to the base end section 3 over more than 50% of the total length of the intermediate 1.

[0060] Once the intermediate 1 has been deep-drawn without requiring any further machining operations, it is ready to be formed into a finished projectile. The forming process for creating the projectile 37 mainly consists of transforming the press end section 7 with the slotted prongs 13 into an ogive section 20. In doing so, the prongs 13 are deformed radially inwards such that their side edges 17 come into, or nearly come into, contact, as shown in particular Figs. 5, 6 and 8 represent. In the preferred embodiment according to Figs. 1 to 8 The side edges 17 are brought into almost complete contact, up to a lateral passage opening 41 in the area of ​​the slot bottom 33. The lateral passage opening 41 can be less than 1 mm in size and comprises a triangular, heart, or spade shape. In the embodiment according to Figs. 1 to 8It is advantageous to keep the side opening 41 as small as possible. The side edges 17 are in contact with each other and form (in contrast to the prior art, which teaches only surface indentations or weakening points) adjacent boundary surfaces that form a separating structure between the adjoining tines 13. The adjoining side edges 17 extend to the pointed end 43 of the ogive section 20, at which a centrally located opening 45, in particular essentially star-shaped, is formed. This opening allows a gelatinous mass to penetrate during the standardized test procedures, which, by building up hydraulic pressure, produces the desired deformation (according to Figs. 69 to 71 ) causes. The central opening 45 should be significantly smaller than 20% of the cylindrical cross-section of the base end section 3. In the case of the Figs. 5 to 8In the illustrated projectile 37, the opening cross-section of the opening 45 is approximately 10% or less of the cylindrical cross-section of the base end section 3.

[0061] In the embodiment according to the invention Figures 1.1 to 7.1 Another example of an intermediate 1 is shown, whereby, for better readability of the figure description and to avoid repetition, the same reference numbers are used for the same components of the intermediate 1 as in the execution according to the Figures 1-8 can be used. Intermediate 1 differs from Intermediate 1 according to the Figures 1 to 4 Firstly, it differs in the depth of the press recess 11 and in the number of slot arms, namely four slot arms 10 a to d. The axial depth of the press recess 11 corresponds to approximately 20-30% of the total longitudinal extent of the intermediate 1, which corresponds well to the Figures 3.1 and 4.1 This is evident. In contrast to the execution according to the Figures 1-4The slot arms 10a to 10d do not form a complete radial penetration in the wall 12 of the press end section 7. Rather, the wall 12 is cylindrically closed on the outside due to the slot bottoms 9, with the wall thickness being thin at the axial end in the region of the press recess 11. The slot bottom 9 runs essentially straight with a constant slope in the longitudinal direction to a recess bottom 35, which is circular and concave. The prongs 13 also open into the recess bottom 35. The prongs 13 have a convex shape on the cavity side with a burr (material accumulation 31) that extends centrally towards the recess bottom 35. The outer surface 15 of the intermediate 1 is completely cylindrical, even at the level of the end face where the press recess 11 is formed. The press recess 11 can be formed using a tool such as the one described in the Figures 21-24is shown, whereby other forms of an embossing die can also be used, as is known in the area of ​​screwdriver bit shapes (screw head profile).

[0062] Once the intermediate 1 has been deep-drawn without requiring any further machining operations, it is ready to be formed into a projectile 37. With regard to the projectile 37 according to the Figures 5 to 8For ease of reading in the figure description and to avoid repetition, the same reference numerals are used for the same or similar components of the projectile 37. The forming process for creating the projectile 37 mainly consists of forming the press end section 7 with the slots-separated prongs 13 into an ogive section 20. In doing so, the prongs 13 are deformed radially inwards such that they come into, or nearly come into, contact, as shown in particular Figs. 5.1 to 7.1 represent. When executed according to Figs. 5.1 to 7.1 The inner flank surfaces are brought into near or at least mostly contact to form a radially completely closed cavity 18, which extends from the bottom of the depression 35 in the axial longitudinal direction to the tip of the projectile 37, where a funnel-shaped crater depression is formed. In the embodiment according to Figs. 5.1 to 7.1The outer surface of the ogive 20 is advantageously completely closed. At the pointed end 43 of the ogive section 20, a centrally located opening 45, in particular essentially circular, is formed. This opening allows a gelatinous mass to penetrate during the standardized test procedures, which, by building up hydraulic pressure, produces the desired deformation (according to Figs. 69 to 71 ) causes. The central opening 45 should be significantly smaller than 20% of the cylindrical cross-section of the base end section 3. In the case of the Figs. 5 to 8 In the illustrated projectile 37, the opening cross-section of the opening 45 is approximately 20% or less of the cylindrical cross-section of the base end section 3. At the rear, the projectile 37 includes a slight chamfer 27 to facilitate its interaction with a cartridge case.

[0063] The following description refers to an example of a deep-drawing tool for creating intermediate 1 of the Figs. 1 to 4or of projectile 37 of the Figs. 5 to 8 explained. In the design of the tool for forming the intermediate 1 according to the invention, a classic known tool, namely a slotted screwdriver, is to be used, which in the embodiment according to Figs. 9 to 12 has a three-slotted or three-pronged blade.

[0064] The press head / tool ​​according to the invention is described below. Figs. 9 to 12 generally provided with the reference numeral 51, which comprises radially extending deformation webs 53 forming the slots 10a to 10c, separated from inner flank surfaces 55 which are substantially concave in the axial and circumferential directions. The maximum outer diameter of the tool 51 according to the invention Figs. 9 to 12(This also applies to the tools described later) is slightly larger than the caliber of the projectile 37 to be produced or the intermediate 1 to be manufactured. For example, the size difference is between 1 mm and 2 mm.

[0065] As in Fig. 10 As can be seen in the cross-sectional view, the webs 53 are at an angle of 60° to each other. From the top view, it is evident that the webs 53 are arranged offset from each other at a 120° angle, thus forming a point-symmetrical structure. The webs converge at a central point 51, which is rounded or spherical.

[0066] It was found that with the tool 51 according to the invention, namely the press head or the blade of a correspondingly shaped slotted screwdriver, a deep-drawing process can be carried out on the blank made of ductile material, such as ductile metal, copper, a copper alloy, brass, or the like, to form the intermediate 51, which does not suffer from the problem of waviness, i.e., the formation of waves. No complex post-processing is necessary when using the tool according to the invention.

[0067] Another preferred embodiment of an intermediate 1 according to the invention is shown. Figs. 13 to 16 For easier readability of the figure description, the same reference symbols are used for the identical or similar components of Intermediate 1 according to... Figs. 1 to 4 used to create Intermediate 1 according to Figs. 13 to 16 to describe.

[0068] The intermediate 1 according to Figs. 13 to 16 differs from the one after Figs. 1 to 4by the number of slots 10a to 10d and the number of prongs 13, namely four. As particularly in Fig. 14 As can be seen, the slot bottoms 33 extend in a cross shape from the common depression bottom 35 in a radial direction outwards and rise in the process ( Fig. 13 ).

[0069] The tines have a convex, bulbous upper surface towards the press recess 11, which reaches a maximum in the form of the material reinforcement 31. The tines 13 extend cylindrically and straight on the outside, in accordance with the undeformed intermediate 1, and convexly and slightly inclined outwards on the inside towards the tine tips 25.

[0070] In Figs. 17 to 20 is the intermediate 1 according to Figs. 13 to 16 transformed into a projectile 37, wherein, for better readability compared to the projectile 37 according to Figs. 5 to 8 the same reference symbols are used for similar or identical components.

[0071] Unlike the projectile according to Figs. 5 to 8The projectile comprises 37 according to Figs. 17 to 20 A significantly larger side opening 41, which has a triangular shape, is formed, with the clear width of the side opening 41 gradually decreasing from the slot base towards the tine tip 25. The contacting side edges 17 of the tines 13 only touch in the pointed area along a distance of a few millimeters, particularly with a 9 mm caliber. In this way, the cavity 18 is closed circumferentially in the short adjacent area, while the cavity 18 resulting from the press recess 11 is accessible laterally through the four side passage openings 41 and axially through the central opening 45.

[0072] The opening 45, centered longitudinally along the projectile at the tip of the ogive section, is essentially square with rounded corners. The cross-sectional area of ​​the opening 45 is also significantly less than 20%, 15%, or 10% of the cylindrical cross-sectional area of ​​the base end section 3. This small cross-sectional area prevents more solid components from blocking the opening, thus preventing the gelatinous material from penetrating the cavity 18 and generating the hydraulic forces necessary to split the tines 13.

[0073] The tool 51 according to the invention, with which the intermediate is produced according to Figs. 13 to 16 As shown, it is in Figs. 21 to 23 Each component is marked with the reference number 51. Identical components of the tool are marked with the same reference numbers to simplify readability.

[0074] In contrast to the version according to Figs. 9 to 12 The tool includes 51 according to Figs. 21 to 24Four webs for forming four slots 10 in the wall of the press end section 7 of the intermediate 1. The four webs 53 are arranged at right angles to each other. As shown in particular in Fig. 23 As can be seen, the flank surface areas 55 between the webs 53 have a concave shape to form the convex surface shape with the material reinforcement 31 of the intermediate 1.

[0075] In Figs. 25 to 28 Another preferred embodiment of the intermediate 1 according to the invention is shown, wherein the same reference numerals are used for the same and similar components of the intermediate 1 as in the embodiments already described above.

[0076] In contrast to the above statements, Intermediate 1 according to Figs. 25 to 28 only a slot extending completely from one radial side to the opposite side through the longitudinal axis center, as best described in Fig. 26The slot 10 forms the press recess 11 and divides the wall for enclosing the cavity 18 into two tine sections 13, which taper towards the tip 25 both in width and thickness. The same applies to the tines according to the other versions described and those described below.

[0077] According to the top view of Fig. 26 and the sectional view according to Fig. 28 The slot bottom 33 is relatively wide and extends on the outer radial side by almost half the diameter of the base end section 3. On the outside, the slot bottom 33 tapers into the depression bottom 35, which lies centrally to the longitudinal axis A of the intermediate 1.

[0078] As clearly in Fig. 25As can be seen, the tines 13 facing the press recess 11 have a convexly shaped inner upper surface which includes a material reinforcement 31 which, as described above, extends from the tine tip 25 to the recess bottom 35.

[0079] In contrast to the other designs, the slotted base 33 rises at an angle of approximately 30° to 60°, specifically between 40° and 50°, particularly with respect to the longitudinal axis A. The slotted base extends essentially in a straight line radially outwards.

[0080] The result from Intermediate 1 according to Figs. 25 to 28 manufactured and especially reshaped projectile is in Figs. 29 to 32 shown, whereby the same reference symbols are used for the same reference symbols with respect to the projectile description already described above. As in Figs. 29 to 32 As can be seen, the ogive section comprises 20 large side openings 41, which are formed from the wide slotted bottom 33 of the intermediate 1 according to Figs. 25 to 28This results in the following: As can also be seen, the clear cross-section of the side opening 41 decreases towards the tip of the ogive section 20. It is also evident that there is no contact between the slotted side edges 17, even in the area of ​​the centered opening 45. This means that contact between the side edges 17 is not necessary to form the projectile 37 according to the invention. The bent prongs 13 define the cavity 18, which is accessible from the centered opening 45 as well as from the two side openings 41. A gap 61 is formed between the nearly touching side edges 17 in the area of ​​the central opening 45, which should have a width of less than 2 mm or 1 mm.

[0081] As in Fig. 30As can be seen, the central opening 45 in the region of the acute angle of the ogive section 20 has essentially an hourglass shape, with the clear cross-section of the opening 45 being significantly smaller than 20% or 10% of the cylindrical area of ​​the base end section 3. In the side view according to Fig. 29 and the cross-sectional view according to Fig. 31 A special design of the ogive section 20 is evident, in which a bottle neck shape is provided at the pointed end of the wall, which makes the general ogive section design different from the other designs.

[0082] In Figs. 33 to 36 A further embodiment of the tool 51 according to the invention is shown, wherein, for ease of reading, the same reference numerals are used as in the tool embodiments already described above. The press head 51 according to Figs. 33 to 36 comprises only two webs 53 for forming the two slots 10a and 10b according to the intermediate after Figs. 25 to 28 The concave flank surfaces 55 are particularly well suited in Figs. 33 and 35 visible.

[0083] The execution of Intermediate 1 according to Figs. 37 to 40 differs from the execution of Intermediate 1 according to Figs. 13 to 16 The distinguishing feature is that the tine does not have a purely convex upper surface facing the press recess 11, but rather a concave shape with a linear reduction in material 63 (notch or split), which splits the tine into two tine sections 13a and 13b, each terminating in its own tine tip 25a, 25b. The "split" tines are structurally separated by four narrow slots 10a to 10d.

[0084] The intermediate 1 according to Figs. 37 to 40 has a convex curvature at least in the axial direction, but not in the circumferential direction, due to the reduction in material 63.

[0085] In Figs. 41 and 42 The projectile 37 according to the invention is based on the intermediate 1 according to Figs. 37 to 40manufactured. For better readability of the figure description, the same reference numbers are used for the same and similar components of projectile 37. In the design of projectile 37 according to Figs. 41 to 45 The side opening 41 is smaller than half the longitudinal extent of the side edge 17.

[0086] For a large part of the side edge 17, the side edges 17 are in contact with each other in order to limit the cavity 18 in the circumferential direction.

[0087] In contrast to the designs described above, the intermediate 1 at the pointed end of the ogive section 20 comprises a star shape whose clear cross-sectional area is significantly less than 20% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the base end section 3. In particular, the cross-sectional area of ​​the opening is less than 15% or 10%.

[0088] The upper closing edge in the area of ​​the star-shaped central opening 45 forms the end edge of the respective prong 13, with side edges 17 touching each other.

[0089] In Figs. 45 to 48 The tool 51 according to the invention, namely the press head, is shown, with which the intermediate 1 is formed according to Figs. 37 to 40 Tool 51 is supposed to be manufactured similarly to the tool according to Figs. 21 to 24 Four webs, the flank surfaces 55 being convex at least in the circumferential direction with a vertical ridge 71. The four webs 53 extend at right angles to each other.

[0090] In Figs. 49 to 52 Another intermediate 1 according to the invention is shown with a more complex, non-axially symmetrical tine structure. The structure of intermediate 1 according to Figs. 49 to 52The intermediate 1, for which the same reference numerals are used for similar and identical components as described above, comprises a press recess 11 with continuous slots 10. The slots 10a to 10d extend radially slightly outside, and in particular tangentially to, the recess bottom, to the longitudinal axis A of the intermediate 1. The tines 13 also have a convex upper surface and are formed integrally from the base end section 3. They reach a tine tip 25.

[0091] The intermediate 1 according to Figs. 49 to 52 is corresponding to a 35 mm projectile Figs. 56 to 59 bent over. As can be seen, the side openings 41 and the side edges 17 of the respective tines run helically with respect to the longitudinal axis A, which results from the non-purely radial slots 10a to 10d of the intermediate 1.

[0092] The central opening 45 of the projectile 37 according to Figs. 56 to 59has a smaller clear cross-sectional area than the cylindrical cross-sectional area of ​​the base end section 3. The clear cross-sectional area of ​​the central opening 45 is significantly smaller than 20% or 15% or 10%.

[0093] The cavity 18 is open laterally via side openings 41 and via the central opening 45. Approximately half of the axial length of the side edges 17 is in contact, so that the cavity is closed circumferentially in this area. The other half of the side edges 17 are spaced apart to form the side opening 41.

[0094] In Figs. 53 to 55 The tool 51 according to the invention is shown, which serves to produce the intermediate 1 according to the invention. As shown in particular in Fig. 55As can be seen, the four ribs do not run centrally through the longitudinal axis of the tool, but slightly offset tangentially to the pointed area 57. This offset results in the slightly twisted shape of the side edges 17 and the side opening 41.

[0095] Finally, with Figs. 60 to 63 Another embodiment of intermediate 1 according to the invention is shown, wherein the same reference numerals are used for the same or similar components. Intermediate 1 comprises, as in the embodiment first described, Figs. 1 to 4 Three radially extending slots 10a to 10c, slightly offset from the longitudinal axis A. This results in the following: Figs. 60 to 63 The tines 13 shown terminate at their end in a substantially flattened end 71.

[0096] The surface facing the press recess 11 is convex in shape, with its thickness decreasing in the axial direction towards the end 71.

[0097] According to Figs. 60 to 63 The intermediate shown can be transformed into a projectile 37, which is not shown in detail in the figures.

[0098] The tool 51 according to the invention Figs. 65 to 68 is designed to make Intermediate 1 according to Figs. 61 to 63 to manufacture. The webs 53 responsible for the slots 10a to 10c are offset in the same way to the longitudinal axis of the tool 51 in order to introduce corresponding slot shapes into the intermediate 1.

[0099] In Figs. 69 to 71 is shown a deformed projectile according to the invention, which essentially corresponds to the subject matter of the invention. Figs. 13 to 20 The deformed projectile 81 comprises four tongue-like prongs 83 extending integrally from the base end section 3, the shape of which can be described as chalice-like. As in Figs. 69 to 71As can be seen, the bent tines 83 include a central reinforcement 33, which extends from the tine tip 25 to the bottom of the recess 35. The deformation of the tines 83 can also be described as mushroom-shaped. According to the invention, between two adjacent deformed tines lies a further tapered projection 85 extending radially outwards, which essentially has the shape of a shark's tooth and extends radially outwards in a convex form.

[0100] As in Fig. 71As can be seen, the teeth 85 extend above the deformed tines 83 and have a significantly shorter longitudinal extent than the reshaped tines 83. The tapered teeth 85 result from a deformation in the area of ​​the slot base 33 between the respective adjacent tines 83. The continuous slot design and the formation of a narrow slot base 33 in the area of ​​the base end section 3 force the formation of additional tapered teeth 85 between the bent tines 83. In the area between the teeth 85 and the bent tines 83, beak-shaped constrictions 87 form, which are typical for ideal deformation under the test conditions mentioned above.

[0101] As with the top view of Fig. 65As can be seen, the deformed profile is approximately double-axis symmetrical and, in addition to the four folded tines 85, forms four further radially outward extending, in particular pointed, teeth 85.

[0102] Figures 72-75 Figure 1 shows a further embodiment of an intermediate 1 according to the invention, wherein, for better readability of the figure description and to avoid repetition, the same reference numerals are used for the same or similar components of the intermediate 1. The intermediate 1 according to the Figures 72-77 is similar to Intermediate 1 according to the Figures 1-4The press recess 11 forms three slot arms 10a to c, arranged at equidistant intervals (120°) from each other. The slot arms 10a to c are somewhat wider and extend essentially radially and uniformly to the outside. The slots extend partially radially through to the outer surface 15. The prongs 13 are identical in shape to each other and have a convex inner flank surface 21 facing the cavity 18. A key difference from the intermediates 1 described above is that the base body of the intermediate 1 is two-part, namely formed by a core 38 and a shell 39. The core 38 is a solid material, for example, made of a ductile material such as copper or lead, which is completely surrounded by the thin-walled shell 39, also made of a ductile material.Only the end face, where the forming tool is inserted axially A to form the press recess 11, is not covered by the shell 39. During the formation of the press recess 11, both the base body, the core 38, and the adjacent shell 39 are plastically deformed to create the desired slot (10). The intermediate 1 has a conical end shape on the end face 5 opposite the press end section 7. The shell 39 projects slightly axially at the press end section 7, so that no material from the core 38 can protrude beyond the edge of the shell 39.

[0103] After the intermediate 1 has been deep-drawn without requiring any further machining operations, it is ready to be formed into a finished projectile, in particular a partial fragmentation device. The forming process for creating the projectile 37 mainly consists of forming, in particular pressing, the press end section 7 with the slots-separated prongs 13 into a suitable ogive section 20. In doing so, the prongs 13 are deformed radially inwards such that the side edges 17 of the prongs 13 come into contact, as shown in particular Figs. 78 to 83 represent. In the preferred embodiment according to Figs. 78 to 82 The side edges 17 are brought into full contact until a completely closed outer surface 15 has been formed in the area of ​​the cavity 18 and the slot arms 10 of the intermediate 1. In the execution according to Figs. 78 to 82It is advantageous to eliminate the side opening 41. The cavity 18 extends cylindrically from the depression bottom 35 to the end 43 of the ogive section 20, where a substantially circular, centered opening 45 is formed. This opening allows a gelatinous mass to penetrate during the standardized test procedures, which, by building up hydraulic pressure, produces the desired deformation (according to Figs. 69 to 71 ) causes. The central opening 45 should be significantly smaller than 20% of the cylindrical cross-section of the base end section 3. In the case of the Figs. 5 to 8 In the illustrated projectile 37, the opening cross-section of the opening 45 is approximately 20% or less of the cylindrical cross-section of the base end section 3.

[0104] A variant of the Projectile 37 is in the Figures 83-87depicted, whereby the same references are used for the same components of projectile 37 for the sake of easy readability of the figure description.

[0105] The projectile, in particular a fragmenting projectile, 37 according to the Figures 83 to 87 differs from the 37 projectile according to the Figures 78 to 82This is achieved by inserting a tip 86, particularly made of plastic, at the central opening 45 to give the ogive section 20 an aerodynamically pointed shape. The tip 86 has a substantially symmetrical design and two blind recesses 84, 88, one (84) on the open outer surface of the tip 86 and another (88) at the insertion area that engages the cavity 18 of the projectile 37. During the forming process from the intermediate 1 to the projectile 37, the tip 86 can already be pre-assembled, so that pressing forces are applied during forming to hold the tip 86 in place. To ensure a defined axial position of the tip 86, the latter has a circumferential shoulder 89 against which the round end edge of the jacket 39 rests.

[0106] The Figures 88-93 Figure 1 shows a further variant of an intermediate 1 according to the invention, wherein the same reference numerals are used for the similar or identical components as above. The intermediate 1 according to the Figures 88-93 differs from the intermediate according to the Figures 72-77by the fact that the core 38 is two-part, namely comprising a deformation section 91, in particular made of a solid material, for example of a ductile material such as copper or lead, in which the press recess 11 is formed, and an undeformed, rear core section 93, in particular made of a solid material, for example of a ductile material such as copper or lead. The core section 93 is somewhat smaller and represents more than half, for example 2 / 3, of the total length of the intermediate 1. Preferably, two different materials are used for the deformation section 90 and the rear core section 93. However, the same material can also be used, with an interface 95 being formed between the two sections 91 and 93.The press depression 11 is exclusively incorporated in the deformation section 91, with the depression bottom 35 being positioned close to the interface 95 between the deformation section 91 and the core section 93.

[0107] The projectile 37, in particular a partial fragmentation projectile consisting of the intermediate 1 according to the Figures 88-93 results, is in the Figures 94-97 in a first version and in the Figures 99-103 in a second embodiment, the second embodiment differing only in that the tip 86 described above is inserted into the cavity 18. The projectile 37 according to the first and second embodiments differs from the projectile 37 according to the Figures 78-87in the 2-part core, the deformation section 91 and the core section 93, wherein the deformation section 91 is essentially located in the area of ​​the ogive section 20; however, it can also extend significantly (at the expense of the core section 93) towards the stern and occupy a larger part of the core 38.

[0108] The embodiment of intermediate 1 according to the invention Figures 104 to 109 differs from Intermediate 1 according to the Figures 72-77 by providing four slotted arms 10 a to d (prongs 13) instead of three slotted arms 10 (three prongs 13). For ease of reading the figure description, the same reference numbers as above are used. From the intermediate 1 according to the Figures 104-109 can use approximately the same projectile 37, which is in the Figures 110-115As shown, it is manufactured as in the case of the intermediate 1 with three prongs 13. By increasing / decreasing the number of prongs and slot arms, the geometry of the ogive 20 or the cavity 18 can be adjusted. The projectile 37 according to the second version with the tip 86 according to the Figures 115-119 is approximately the same as the projectile 83-87 described above, according to the figures.

[0109] The embodiment of intermediate 1 according to the invention Figures 120 to 125 differs from Intermediate 1 according to the Figures 88-93 by providing four slotted arms 10 a to d (prongs 13) instead of three slotted arms 10 (three prongs 13). For ease of reading the figure description, the same reference numbers as above are used. From the intermediate 1 according to the Figures 120-125 can do approximately the same, in the Figures 126-129 The projectile 37 shown is manufactured as in the case of the intermediate 1 with three prongs 13 according to the Figures 94-97By increasing / decreasing the number of prongs and slot arms, the geometry of the ogive 20 or the cavity 18 can be adjusted. The projectile 37 according to the second version with the tip 86 according to the Figures 131-135 is the projectile 37 described above according to the Figures 115 to 119 approximately the same. The features disclosed in the foregoing description, the figures and the claims can be important for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments, both individually and in any combination. Reference symbol list

[0110] 1 Intermediate 3 Base end section 5 End face 7 Press end section 9 Slot bottom 10 (a, b, c, d) Slot arms 11 Press recess 12 Wall 13, 83 Tine 15 Outer surface 17 Edge area 18 Cavity 20 Ogive section 21, 23, 55 Inner flank surface 25 Tine tip 27 Bevel 31 Material accumulation 33 Slot bottom 35 Recess bottom 37 Projectile 38 Core 39 Shell 41 Side opening 43 Pointed end 45 Centered opening 51 Press head, tool 53 Deformation ridge 55 Inner flank surface 57 Pointed area 61 Gap 63 Material reduction 71 Flat end 81 Deformed projectile 83 Folded tine 84 88 Blind hole recess 85 Tooth 86 Tip 87 Beak-shaped constriction 89 Shoulder 91 Deformation section 93 Core section 95 Interface Axial direction

Claims

1. An intermediate (1) for manufacturing a projectile (37), in particular a deformation projectile, consisting of a ductile blank which is cold-massively formed into the intermediate by means of pressing, a cylindrical massive base end section (3) and a press end section (7) with a central press recess (11) introduced by pressing and a wall delimiting the press recess (11) for forming an ogivoid-shaped tip, wherein the wall is formed with at least two slits extending in the axial direction of the intermediate, which separate at least two prongs (13) in the circumferential direction of the intermediate (1), wherein the at least two slits extend by more than 10% of an axial total longitudinal extent of the intermediate (1) from the wall end in the direction of the base end section (3), characterized in that an inner surface of the prong (13) which is convex in the circumferential direction has a projection projecting into the press recess substantially at half the circumferential width of the prong, which projection extends in an edge-like or web-like manner preferably in a straight line from the axial height of the slit base (33) towards the prong tip (25).

2. The intermediate (1) according to claim 1, in which the at least two slits extend by more than 20% of the total extent of the press end section forming the ogive of the projectile and / or in which a circumferential width of the at least two slits increases in particular continuously and / or the at least two slits open in particular continuously in the axial direction (A), preferably towards an end-side maximum.

3. The intermediate (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which an inner surface of the prong facing the press recess (11) is formed convexly in the circumferential direction and / or in the axial direction (A), wherein in particular a flat, convex or concave flank inner surface of the prong (13) decreases from the edge-like projection towards a side edge (17) of the prong (13) delimiting the respective adjacent slit.

4. The intermediate (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the at least two prongs (13), when viewed in the circumferential cross-section, comprise a wall thickness which increases in particular continuously from a side edge (17) delimiting the respective adjacent slit towards a wall thickness maximum, from which in particular the wall thickness decreases in particular continuously towards the opposite side edge (17), wherein in particular the wall thickness maximum is formed in the circumferential direction substantially in the middle of the prong (13), which wall thickness maximum is formed substantially from the prong tip (25) towards the axial height of the prong (13) in the region of the slit base (33).

5. The intermediate according to one of the preceding claims, in which the press recess (11) extends over more than 50% of the total axial extent of the intermediate and defines a recess base which is formed in particular spherically and / or extends radially such that it merges in particular continuously into a slit base (33), in particular all slit bases (33), of the at least two slits.

6. A projectile (37), in particular of a deformation projectile or of a partial fragmentation projectile, which is produced from an intermediate according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a cylindrical massive base end section (3) and a press end section (7) with a central press recess (11) introduced by pressing, in particular deep-drawing, and a wall delimiting the press recess (11), which wall is formed into an ogivoid-shaped tip, wherein the wall is formed with at least two through-slits which delimit at least two wall sections structurally separated in the circumferential direction, wherein in particular adjacent side edges (17) of the wall sections at least partially contact one another in the circumferential direction, in particular in that in the region of the contact of the wall sections a cavity formed by the press recess is enclosed in the circumferential direction, or lie opposite one another at least with the formation of a gap of less than 2 mm or 1 mm.

7. A projectile (37), in particular of a deformation projectile or of a partial fragmentation projectile, in particular according to claim 6, which is produced from an intermediate according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: a cylindrical, massive base end section (3) and an ogive section (20) adjoining the base end section (3) in one piece with a wall for circumferentially enclosing an in particular unfilled cavity (18) and an opening (45) centered at a tip of the ogive section (20) with a maximum diameter of less than 20%, 10% or 5% of the caliber of the projectile (37) defined by the base end section (3).

8. The projectile (37) according to claim 6 or 7, in which this is produced starting from an intermediate (1) formed according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, which intermediate is in particular cold-formed such that the at least two prongs (13) separated in the circumferential direction are bent towards one another to form the ogive section (20), in particular such that an opening (45) at the tip of the ogive section (20) is centered with respect to the longitudinal axis (A) of the projectile (37).

9. The projectile (37) according to claim 6 to 8, in which a contact length of the adjacent wall sections at the side edges (17) thereof is over 20% of a total length of the side edges (17) from a tip of the respective ogive section (20) towards a slit base, preferably there is contact of the side edges (17) along approximately the total length of the side edges (17), in particular apart from a region of less than 2 mm or 1 mm in particular in the region of the slit base (33).

10. The projectile (37) according to one of claims 7 to 9, in which the respective tips of the wall sections are shaped into an in particular substantially circular opening (45) which is arranged at the tip of the ogive section (20) and / or is open towards the cavity, wherein in particular the cross section of the opening (45) forms an elliptical, circular, rectangular or polygonal shape, a Y shape, a star shape or I shape.

11. Use of a projectile (37) produced from an intermediate according to one of claims 1 to 5, in particular of a deformation projectile, preferably according to one of claims 6 to 10, consisting of a ductile material, such as copper, wherein the projectile, after a shot has been fired, is deformed into a jelly mass, in which the projectile (37) hits and is caught, in particular remains stuck therein, in such a way that at least two prongs (83) bent back radially outwards and in the longitudinal direction of the projectile are formed by a cylindrical, massive base end section (3), wherein between the at least two bent-back prongs (83) two further, in particular identically or similarly shaped, pointed teeth (85) projecting radially from the base end section (3) are formed, wherein the radial extent of the at least two teeth (85) is smaller than that of the at least two prongs (83), wherein in particular the base end section has a deformation-side central recess (35), from which the at least two prongs (83) and the at least two teeth (85) are bent radially outwards.

12. Use of a projectile according to claim 11, in which the at least two prongs (85) and / or the at least two teeth (85) have a central reinforcement (31) which extend in the longitudinal direction of the respective prong (83) and / or of the respective tooth (85) in particular from the central recess (35) preferably in a straight line, which reinforcement (31) is realized by an accumulation of material, and / or in which between a prong (83) and the adjacent tooth (85) a radial constriction is formed which separates the adjacent tooth (85) and prong (83).

13. A method for producing an intermediate (1) formed according to one of claims 1 to 5 for producing a projectile (37), in particular for producing a projectile (37) in particular according to one of claims 6 to 10, in particular a deformation projectile, wherein a blank made of a ductile material, such as copper, is inserted into a cylindrical die and, to produce the intermediate (1) of the projectile (37), a press head is inserted into the die and the blank is cold-formed to form a central press recess, wherein for the press head a blade is used which is shaped in accordance with a slotted screwdriver, in particular of the SL type, of the PH type, of the PZ type.