LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR DYNAMIC LIGHTING CONTROL

Description

Technical area

[0001] The present invention relates to a lighting system for dynamic lighting control. State of the art

[0002] Lighting systems that enable dynamic lighting control are used in conjunction with human-centric lighting. This involves time-controlled control of the brightness and light color of lamps, luminaires, or lighting systems.

[0003] In general, a lighting dynamic oriented towards the natural course of daylight is realized, which is characterized by bright light with a cold white (daylight-like) light color during the day and a reduced brightness with a warm white light color in the evening and at night.

[0004] Timing control is usually achieved using pre-programmed times and assigned values ​​for adjusting brightness and light color. A mathematical method interpolates between these pre-defined values ​​to create gradual transitions that are imperceptible to the user.

[0005] In some systems, the fixed programmed times can be adjusted manually or automatically depending on the season and geographical location, based on astronomical calculations or included tables (e.g. for sunrise and sunset).

[0006] For special requirements, the user can deviate from the predefined dynamics by selecting special scenes, e.g., a scene with reduced brightness for watching video presentations in schools or meeting rooms. Another example is a "Christmas mood" with low brightness and very warm white lighting intended to create a pleasant atmosphere. These special scenes are generally static. The dynamics, which are biologically sensible, are thus eliminated.

[0007] The user intervention options described above by selecting predefined scenes are generally not sufficient and must be configured on a case-by-case basis, which involves considerable effort during commissioning or subsequent adaptation.

[0008] Allowing the user to freely intervene and change the brightness and color temperature of the lighting system is generally not effective, as users do not have the necessary expertise to select from the multitude of setting options those that correspond to the respective situation or the individual needs of the user.

[0009] It can even happen that users, out of ignorance, set lighting situations that supposedly correspond to their preferences, but which, from a biological perspective, have negative effects on the user. This could be, for example, a lighting situation in which very bright, cool white lighting is set at night. Often, such options are not used at all or are used incorrectly because users are unfamiliar with the operating concept or are overwhelmed. In most cases, a deeper understanding of the technical function of the lighting system or an understanding of the visual and non-visual effects of light is required to use a dynamic lighting system correctly, which the user lacks.

[0010] Planners and installers are also often overwhelmed with planning and commissioning because they have to handle complex programming tasks on lighting control systems, while the user requirements are often unclear in detail. Furthermore, users often only realize they want to change predefined settings when using the system. US Pat. No. 9,655,215 B1 discloses a lighting system that allows users to program scenes for groups of lamps. WO 2016 / 058849 A1 discloses a luminaire with a time-variable color temperature and a boost function for temporarily increasing the color temperature. WO 2016199101 A2 discloses a lighting system that changes lighting parameters over time. Description of the invention

[0011] Based on the known prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved lighting system.

[0012] The object is achieved by a lighting system having the features of independent claim 1. Advantageous further developments emerge from the subclaims. Accordingly, a lighting system is proposed, comprising one or more lighting means and a control device for adjusting light parameters of the lighting means during operation. Light parameters can in particular be the intensity and / or the color temperature of the light emitted by the lighting means during operation. The term intensity is used here and below as a collective term for lighting-related variables such as brightness, illuminance or luminance. Even if, for reasons of simplicity, several lighting means are referred to below, a lighting system according to the invention can also have only one lighting means.Since a given intensity of the light emitted by the lamps in a given installation leads to a unique distribution of illuminance in the room, the terms intensity, brightness and illuminance are used interchangeably in the following.

[0013] A light parameter can also be a variable beam characteristic of a light source, e.g., the beam direction or a variable beam angle. This will not be discussed in detail below, but can be treated analogously to illuminance or color temperature.

[0014] The lamps can be connected to the control device via cable (e.g., DALI, DMX, or other protocols) and / or wirelessly (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-Wave, or other protocols). A mixed connection (partially wired, partially wireless) is also possible.

[0015] The control device is configured to adapt the light parameters over time according to a plurality of predetermined profiles of the light parameters. In particular, the intensity and / or the color temperature of the light can change over the course of a day. The profiles of these changes can be described by functions which define the values ​​of the light parameters, for example depending on the time of day. The control device can have a real-time clock by means of which the current time is available to the control device, or an interface via which the current time is made available to the control device. These functions can be defined continuously or point by point for specific times only, while for other times the light parameters are interpolated. In particular for times when the changes are only slight (e.g. at night), a period of several hours can lie between two defined points in time.

[0016] Furthermore, time can be defined on a descriptive scale. For example, one time can be defined for sunrise, one for solar zenith, one for sunset, and one for midnight. Intermediate times can be defined depending on these times. For example, the time between sunrise and solar zenith can be divided into several sections. The same applies to the time between solar zenith and sunset, for the evening, the night, and up to sunrise the next morning. In this way, an entire day can be defined, for example, by several (e.g., 20) such descriptive times and the light parameters assigned to the times.

[0017] The assignment of descriptive times to real time (time of day) can be done using an astronomical program that determines the real time for the above-mentioned descriptive times for each day at the respective location of the lighting system. Astronomical programs that determine the real time for sunrise and sunset are known. Using such an assignment, even though only one set of lighting parameters is defined, each day of the year can be assigned an individual pattern based on the actual daylight pattern.

[0018] The following table shows two examples of mapping descriptive times to real time (the London example takes into account the other time zone and both examples take into account daylight saving time). Descriptive time Real time example Munich, October 1, 2017 Real time example London, 1.07.2017 midnight 0:00 0:00 Sunrise -2 / 10 LN 4:45 3:17 Sunrise -1 / 10 LN 5:59 4:02 Sunrise - 30 minutes 6:43 4 : 17 sunrise 7 : 13 4:47 Sunrise + 30 minutes 7:43 5:17 Sunrise +1 / 10 LD 8:23 6:26 Sunrise +2 / 10 LD 9:33 8:05 Solar noon -1 / 10 LD 11:53 11:24 solar noon 13:03 13:04 Solar noon +1 / 10 LD 14:13 14:43 Solar noon +2 / 10 LD 15:23 16:22 Sunset - 2 / 10 LD 16:33 18:02 Sunset - 1 / 10 LD 17:43 19:41 sunset 18:53 21:21 Sunset + 1 / 10 LN 20:07 22:21 Sunset + 2 / 10 LN 21:21 22:50 Midnight - 1 / 10 LN 22:46 23:15 midnight 0:00 0:00

[0019] This is LD = Length of day = Time between sunrise and sunset LN = Length of night = Time between sunset and sunrise the next day

[0020] For example, the control device can control the lamps so that they emit light of low intensity and / or with a low color temperature (e.g., warm white) in the morning and evening, and light of high intensity and / or with a high color temperature (e.g., cool white, similar to daylight) during the day. Likewise, a lamp can, for example, illuminate larger areas during the day via its orientation and / or beam angle, including walls, ceilings, or even the faces of people in the room, while in the evening only specific objects, such as work surfaces, are illuminated.

[0021] The lamps can be controlled individually or in groups, so that different sequences can be specified for different lamps and different groups of lamps.

[0022] The following description applies, by way of example, to a single predefined sequence for a light source or a group of light sources. Other sequences are also possible for other light sources. The control device can thus allow one or more sequences to be specified; for example, different sequences can be defined for lights on ceilings than for lights that illuminate walls.

[0023] The control device is configured to receive a one-dimensional user input and to switch from a current profile from the plurality of profiles in accordance with the one-dimensional user input to another profile from the plurality of predetermined profiles. The control device is further configured to change the current profile of the lighting parameters in accordance with further input values, wherein the control device is further configured to determine the further input values ​​and / or receive them from external sensors, wherein the further input values ​​are initially calculated together with a manipulated variable entered by a user via an input means into a single variable, which then serves as a one-dimensional user input for the lighting system. A one-dimensional user input is understood to be a single variable whose value lies between a lower limit value and an upper limit value.For example, the value of the one-dimensional user input can be between 0 and 1, alternatively between 0 and 100, and further alternatively between -100 and +100. Preferably, a value in the value range of the one-dimensional user input (e.g. a setting of 0) corresponds to the situation that the specified course of the lighting parameters remains unchanged. For all other settings, the value of the user input determines how far the changed course deviates from the specified course. The user therefore does not have to change individual lighting parameters, but rather determines the functionally derived changes to the lighting parameters by changing a setting variable. In particular, the one-dimensional user input is not the setting of a lighting parameter such as brightness or color temperature. Several different courses for different light sources can also be changed by the same user input.

[0024] According to the invention, the control device does not directly change the current values ​​of the lighting parameters, i.e., the current brightness and the current color temperature, upon input of a one-dimensional user input. Instead, it changes the course of the lighting parameters from the specified course to a modified course according to preset specifications, thus also affecting their course in the future. This can then also lead to the current values ​​of the lighting parameters being adjusted accordingly if the modified course for the current time provides different values ​​for the lighting parameters than the originally specified course.

[0025] A change in the one-dimensional user input does not trigger the start of a scene, but rather takes the current time of day into account, thus applying the changed lighting parameters appropriately to the current time of day. Accidentally starting a scene that is inappropriate for the current time of day (e.g., a sunset at midday) can thus be prevented by programming the control device accordingly.

[0026] For example, increasing the one-dimensional user input can lead to an increase in both the intensity and the color temperature. The light thus becomes brighter and "colder." Similarly, decreasing the one-dimensional user input can lead to a decrease in both the intensity and the color temperature. The light thus becomes dimmer and "warmer." By adjusting the lighting parameters based on a single value in this way, operating the lighting system can be simplified for the user. It can also prevent the user from selecting inappropriate combinations of values ​​for the lighting parameters. Especially when changing the one-dimensional user input affects several lighting parameters simultaneously, the changes in the lighting parameters can be optimally coordinated.

[0027] This can result in the same change in one-dimensional user input having a different effect on the lighting parameters depending on the time of day, particularly the magnitude of the change in the lighting parameters. For example, a change in one-dimensional user input in the morning and / or evening may have a smaller effect on the change in brightness and / or color temperature than the same change in one-dimensional user input at midday or in the afternoon.

[0028] The change in the lighting parameters can result from a change in the one-dimensional user input, for example by means of a corresponding specification (e.g. by means of an analytical or numerical function, which can also be defined section by section, or by means of a pre-calculated value table, possibly also by interpolation).

[0029] The lighting system preferably has an input means connected to the control device for inputting the one-dimensional user input. The input means can be a direct input means, for example a switch, button, rotary control, or slider. The direct input means can be a mechanical input means. The direct input means can also have a display device on which one or more input elements corresponding to a mechanical input means are displayed. Such a display device is preferably touch-sensitive. However, a touch-sensitive display device can also display one or more input elements that have no equivalent in a mechanical input means. A mixed display is also possible. The input means can be connected to the control device via cable and / or wirelessly (e.g., WLAN, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-Wave, or using other protocols).

[0030] The input means can also be configured to display a measure of the change in the course of the lighting parameters on the display device. This can be done, for example, by graphically displaying the value of the one-dimensional user input. A graphical display of the effect of the selected one-dimensional user input on the lighting parameters can also be provided. Furthermore, specific thresholds of the value of the one-dimensional user input can also be displayed (for example, in the form of words).

[0031] The input means may also be an application running on a computer (in particular a desktop computer, laptop computer, smartphone, tablet, or other mobile device). The application may display one or more input elements on a display device of the computer, as described above.

[0032] According to the invention, the control device is further configured to modify the predetermined profile of the lighting parameters according to additional input values. Additional input values ​​here are input values ​​that are not entered by a user. The additional input values ​​can, for example, be determined by the control device itself (for example, using internal sensors or by calculation from already known variables). The control device can also receive the additional input values ​​from other components, in particular from external sensors.

[0033] Examples of additional input values ​​include the date, time, and the presence of people in the area illuminated by the lights. For example, the lighting intensity can be reduced when no people are present.

[0034] The other input values ​​are first calculated together with a control variable entered by a user via an input device to form a single value, which then serves as a one-dimensional user input for the lighting system. For example, in a simple case, the user input via a rotary encoder, which determines a specific setting regarding light color and brightness, can remain unchanged when people are present, while being set to a defined value (e.g., "-2") when people are absent. This value would then correspond to a "dynamic" curve that maintains a brightness of zero at all times. Using the resulting one-dimensional input, the lighting can be switched off when no one is present. This corresponds to the "dimming function" described later.

[0035] Even when additional input values ​​are taken into account, the current values ​​of the lighting parameters, i.e., the current brightness and color temperature, are not changed directly. Instead, the lighting parameter progression is changed from the specified progression to a modified progression according to predefined specifications. This can then also lead to the current values ​​of the lighting parameters being adjusted accordingly if the modified progression specifies different values ​​for the lighting parameters for the current time than the originally specified progression.For example, a light sensor can measure the brightness in the room, which is also influenced by natural daylight, and this value can be calculated with the direct user input to create a new one-dimensional input value in such a way that a different dynamic curve is subsequently realized, which is lower in terms of brightness than the one that would result without the influence of daylight based only on the direct user setting.

[0036] In one embodiment, the control device is further configured to change the predetermined profile of the light parameters non-linearly with the one-dimensional user input. For example, when changing the one-dimensional user input toward higher setting values, the intensity can initially be changed relatively more than the color temperature, while when changing toward lower setting values, the color temperature can be changed relatively more than the intensity.

[0037] In one embodiment, the control device is further configured to take maximum and / or minimum values ​​for the light parameters into account when changing the profile of the light parameters. In other words, there may be a predetermined profile of maximum and / or minimum values ​​for the light parameters, and the control device can ensure that the changed profile of the light parameters does not exceed the predetermined profile of maximum values ​​and / or does not fall below the predetermined profile of minimum values.

[0038] In particular, the maximum and / or minimum values ​​may depend on temporal parameters and / or parameters other than temporal ones. As an example of temporal parameters, the maximum value of the intensity and / or color temperature may be lower in the morning and / or evening hours than during the day. This may prevent user settings that, for example, contradict the circadian rhythm.

[0039] In one embodiment, the control device is configured such that the curves for various predefined points in time and predefined user settings are described by fixed value points. Intermediate points in time or with respect to user settings can be interpolated between the defined value points.

[0040] In one embodiment, the control device is further configured to reset the modified profile of the light parameters to the predefined profile of the light parameters after a predefined first period of time. This ensures that changes to the profile of the light parameters made by the user are automatically reversed after the first period of time. The first period of time can have a constant duration. The first period of time can also have different durations depending on the change made. For example, small changes to the profile of the light parameters can be maintained for a longer period of time than large changes.

[0041] The resetting of the changed course of the light parameters to the specified course of the light parameters after the expiration of the specified first time period can be done abruptly or continuously over a specified second time period.

[0042] In one embodiment, the control device is further configured to maintain the modified lighting parameter profile even after the lighting device(s) have been switched off and on again, provided that no more than a predetermined third time period elapses between the switching off and on again. Thus, if the user briefly leaves the area illuminated by the lighting devices, the lighting devices can be switched off without losing the change made when switched on again. Alternatively, the third time period can be selected such that, after switching off and on again, the lighting parameter profile is reset to the predetermined profile half an hour later or the next day, so that the user does not have to worry about whether a modified lighting parameter profile may still be set. Short description of the characters

[0043] Preferred further embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description of the figures. In the figures: Figure 1 shows a predefined curve for intensity and color temperature; Figure 2 shows another predefined curve for intensity and color temperature; Figures 3a, 3b, 3c show another examples of predefined curves as well as curves of maximum and minimum values ​​for the color temperature and the illuminance; Figure 3d shows an example of a point-by-point predefined curve for the color temperature for 21 user settings and 20 points in time. Figure 4 shows another predefined curve for intensity and color temperature; Figure 5 shows another modified curve for intensity and color temperature; Figure 6 shows another predefined curve for intensity and color temperature; Figure 7 shows another modified curve for intensity and color temperature; Figures 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e show various embodiments of the graphical representation of the value of the one-dimensional user input;Figure 9 shows an example of the dependence of the melanopically daylight-equivalent illuminance on the illuminance and the color temperature; Figures 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e show an embodiment of the graphical representation of the predetermined curve and various modified curves for intensity and color temperature; Figures 11a, 11b, 11c show a further embodiment of the graphical representation of the value of the one-dimensional user input; Figures 12a, 12b show further embodiments of the graphical representation of the value of the one-dimensional user input combined with a quasi-analog representation of the user input as an arrow; and Figure 13 schematically shows an embodiment of an inventive lighting system. Detailed description of preferred embodiments

[0044] Preferred embodiments are described below with reference to the figures. Identical, similar, or equivalent elements in the different figures are provided with identical reference numerals, and a repeated description of these elements is partially omitted to avoid redundancies.

[0045] In Figure 1 A predefined curve for intensity and color temperature (CCT, correlated color temperature) is shown. Based on these predefined curves, a control device of a lighting system can automatically and dynamically (time-controlled) adjust the intensity and color temperature of the lighting system's illuminants to create lighting that is beneficial in the sense of Human Centric Lighting.

[0046] The dynamics are defined by specifying specific sampling points, which specify corresponding values ​​for illuminance (illuminance and light intensity are used interchangeably below) and color temperature at defined times t, corresponding to the time of day. For times between the defined sampling points, intermediate values ​​can be automatically interpolated by the control device, enabling smooth transitions from one sampling point to the next that are imperceptible to the user.

[0047] Alternatively, it is possible to specify additional support points for a finer gradation, as shown in Figure 2 is displayed. Interpolation can then be omitted. The gradation should then preferably be fine enough that the perception threshold is not exceeded when changes in color or brightness occur, so as not to disturb the user.

[0048] In the Figures 1 and 2and in the following Figures 3 to 7 On the left is the color temperature in Kelvin (K) and (up to Figure 3 ) The illuminance is plotted in lux (lx) on the right. The curves can be stored in the control device directly as such physical quantities, but also as other values ​​from which physical quantities can be calculated.

[0049] In one embodiment, the times for which support points are defined can be changed depending on astronomical data (e.g., local time, sunrise and sunset times, geographical location). This can be done manually or automatically, programmatically. For example, the time at which the increase in illuminance and color temperature begins in the morning can be automatically adjusted to the time of sunrise.

[0050] The given temporal progression S of a light parameter X can be expressed as S x,0 (t). For example, the given temporal progression of intensity (or illuminance) can be expressed as SB,0 (t) and the given temporal progression of color temperature as ST,0 (t). If astronomical data are taken into account, as described above, different functions result for different days of the year and different geographical locations.

[0051] What has been described above is dynamic lighting control without user intervention, which corresponds to today's advanced state of the art. This time-dependent control of color temperature and brightness can be modified by additional superimposed functions. The support points for illuminance and color temperature, which originally determine a fixed initial or basic setting for illuminance SB,0 (t) and color temperature ST,0 (t) for each time t, are modified for each time according to a superimposed function. These superimposed functions can be defined by external signals such as user interfaces or sensors. They can also include parameters such as the time of day or year. This allows the user to make individual interventions in the system and change the predefined settings.

[0052] This allows the user to change the illuminance and color temperature settings according to these superimposed functions f T (t,x) for color temperature and f B (t,x) for illuminance.

[0053] Thus, the following equations result for the changed settings SB (t,x) and ST (t,x) for illuminance and color temperature at time t: S B t , x = S B ,0 t ⋅ f B t , x S T t , x = S T ,0 t ⋅ f T t , x

[0054] The parameter x represents a value that can be calculated from various other parameters. x can be determined primarily or exclusively by a user-selected setting on a user interface, such as a desired adjustment to higher or lower values. However, x can also be influenced by an external sensor that sets the default setting to low values, down to zero, in the absence of the user, or that reduces the brightness depending on the availability of daylight.

[0055] What is important here is that the adjustment of the basic setting does not only statically change the instantaneous value, but the entire profile of the light dynamics for each time point t.

[0056] This is an example of the color temperature in Figure 3a The default setting is shown as a bold solid line, corresponding to a user input of 0. The maximum value, which in this case is limited by the technical capabilities of the lighting system, is shown as a dotted line at 6500 K. The minimum value, correspondingly, is shown as a broken line at 2700 K.

[0057] For user inputs from -100 to +100, the resulting color temperature curves are shown as a set of curves.

[0058] The extent of the adjustment possibility, ie how far the setting of the lighting system may deviate from the basic setting SX,0 (t) or which minimum and maximum values ​​are permissible, can be restricted within certain limits.

[0059] Typically, these limits are determined by the technical capabilities of the lighting system, e.g., the maximum intensity of a light source or the technically feasible range for color temperature. In one embodiment, these technical limits can be further restricted by defining one or two limit functions for the maximum and minimum setting values ​​for illuminance and color temperature, which define maximum and / or minimum values ​​for color temperature and illuminance as a function of the time of day t.

[0060] Alternative or additional limits are also conceivable, which are set depending on other parameters such as the season or the characteristics of user groups.

[0061] Figure 3b shows the default setting, i.e., the predefined curve using the example of the color temperature as a solid curve, corresponding to a user input of 0, depending on the time of day. The upper, dotted curve shows an example of a limit function for the maximum color temperature that can be set at a specific time. The maximum value of approximately 6500 K is technically limited, but in the morning and evening hours, the maximum color temperature is further limited to lower values.

[0062] The lower, dashed curve shows the minimum color temperature that can be set. In the illustrated case, the minimum value of approximately 2700 K is due to technical reasons, but during the day, the minimum color temperature is temporarily limited to higher values. Figure 3b In addition, color temperature gradients are shown as examples, which can result from user inputs between -100 and +100.

[0063] In Figure 3c As a further example, a predefined gradient (bold solid line) and upper (dashed line) and lower (dotted line) limit gradients for the illuminance are shown. These may have different characteristics than the color temperature gradients. Nevertheless, they respond to the same user input to which the color temperature gradient responds.

[0064] The exact course of these color temperature or intensity curves depends on the definition of the functions f T (t,x) and f B (t,x) and is given in the Figures 3a, 3b and 3c shown only as an example.

[0065] While in the Figures 3a, 3b and 3c If the color temperature or intensity curves are represented as continuous functions, the curves can be described for various specified points in time and for specified user inputs by fixed value points. Intermediate values, either temporally or with respect to user input, can be interpolated between the defined value points. This is illustrated, for example, in Figure 3d There, only several predefined values ​​are permitted for both the time and the user input, and a specific color temperature is specified for each of these value pairs. Corresponding values ​​can also be specified for the illuminance.

[0066] The limit functions can be used to restrict the variability of the lighting settings. For example, it is advisable not to allow very high color temperature values ​​in the evening to minimize potential disruptions to the user's circadian rhythm and a negative impact on sleep.

[0067] Accordingly, for example, a minimum illuminance SB,min (t) can be defined so that SB (t,x)>=SB,min (t) applies for all times or at least for certain times.

[0068] Thus, in one embodiment, a maximum color temperature of 6500 K may be permitted during the day if the system is technically capable of doing so. In the evening after 9:00 PM, the maximum color temperature ST,max (t) for t>9:00 PM can be limited to 4000 K. If the default setting, i.e., the predefined color temperature profile ST,0 (t) for this time, provides for a color temperature of 2700 K, a maximum color temperature of 4000 K can thus be achieved in this example even through user intervention. This allows user intervention to be restricted to settings that have been defined as reasonable.

[0069] Typically, a biologically "sensible" setting during the day is usually chosen as a basic setting, with a high color temperature and high illuminance; for the evening and night, a low color temperature and lower illuminance are chosen.

[0070] Such limit functions can be programmed into the lighting system as predefined "useful" functions and / or configured during commissioning or by experienced users.

[0071] In addition to the time of day, other parameters can be taken into account when setting minimum and maximum color temperature and / or illuminance limits. For example, a daylight or human presence sensor can provide an additional signal that reduces the maximum intensity emitted by the light sources.

[0072] In addition, other functions can be defined that exclude certain settings or combinations of settings. For example, combinations of very high color temperatures with low illuminance are not appropriate because they are perceived as unpleasant by the user. For example, the maximum color temperature TN can be defined depending on the set illuminance B. In one embodiment, this can be done as follows: T N < = 10 ⋅ B mit T N in K , B in Lux für B > 270 lx and T N = 2700 K für B < = 270 lx

[0073] To enter a desired deviation from the specified course of the lighting parameters, an input device (also called a user interface or control element) is preferably used. In one embodiment, a control element enables a deviation from the initial settings SB,0 (t) and ST,0 (t) described above in one dimension, i.e., only in two directions, which are referred to below as "up" and "down."

[0074] The control element can be a rotary knob, a slider, a button with an "up" and "down" function, or a similar element that exists physically or is arranged virtually on the user interface. A key feature is that the input unit only provides a one-dimensional value, e.g., the number of units in the "up" or "down" direction, but this one-dimensional value affects the deviation from the basic setting for illuminance and color temperature based on stored functions.

[0075] A setting E of the control element therefore corresponds to a user-desired change in the predefined curves (control curves) for color temperature and illuminance. The setting of the control element does not directly affect the color temperature and illuminance of the lighting system's lamps, but rather the functions that describe color temperature and illuminance. The same changes to the setting E can therefore have different effects on the actual change in color temperature and illuminance, e.g., depending on the time of day. Since additional parameters can be incorporated into the function for changing the basic setting, complex dependencies can be realized.It is conceivable that at certain times of the day, changes in the color temperature are restricted in one direction or the other, or that, depending on the current basic settings, desired changes by the user affect the color temperature and illuminance to varying degrees.

[0076] Pressing the "up" function (e.g., turning a knob clockwise) can increase the illuminance and / or color temperature. Pressing the "down" function can decrease the illuminance and / or color temperature accordingly.

[0077] The degree of change V is defined for illuminance B and color temperature T in different functions VB =f B (E,t,x) and VT =f T (E,t,x), which are determined, among other things, by the setting E of the control element.

[0078] The setting E can correspond to the position of a slide or rotary control. It can also correspond to the number of pulses emitted or the rotation speed of a rotary encoder, or to another input or calculated value (e.g., via a gesture or a sensor, or otherwise) for the extent of an adjustment desired by the user or based on their requirements.

[0079] This also includes automatically generated values ​​for E, which can come from a brightness or presence sensor, for example, or be calculated from user data or similar.

[0080] For example, the new settings for illuminance and color temperature apply S B t = S B ,0 t + V B und S T t = S T ,0 t + V T

[0081] For the example illuminance, the function in this example would be according to the definition as described above f t , x = 1 + V B / S B ,0 t and S B t , x = S B ,0 t ⋅ 1 + V B / S B ,0 t

[0082] Other parameters that can be included in the VB and VT functions can be the following: The time t, which can be determined by local time and season. The time at which a previous change was made. This makes it possible to limit the time for which a specific change is maintained. This can, for example, ensure that a change made by a user is only effective for a certain period of time and then returns to the default setting. Any other parameters, symbolized by "x" in the formula above. In one embodiment, this can be the difference between the basic setting S B,0 (t) or S T,0 (t) to the respective maximum or minimum value for illuminance and color temperature of the lighting system. This can, for example, ensure that a change request towards lower values has a greater impact on the reduction of the color temperature when it is still set relatively high, and only upon further reduction of the setting value E does a reduction in illuminance occur. Conversely, with the same reduction desired by the setting value E, the illuminance can be reduced first at high illuminance and a medium color temperature.

[0083] Experience has shown that users find the combination of low illuminance at high color temperatures and high illuminance at low color temperatures unpleasant. Furthermore, high illuminance at low color temperatures is also not energy-efficient, as the same effect on the biological system can usually be achieved with reduced illuminance and higher color temperatures.

[0084] If the user makes changes, these basic principles can be largely observed in a lighting system according to the invention.

[0085] A desired change to higher values ​​("up") could therefore initially have a greater impact on the illuminance than on the color temperature. Only when the user requests a very strong change in the "up" direction will the color temperature also be "adjusted."

[0086] Conversely, a request for lower values ​​("down") could initially affect the color temperature if it is at a high base level. The illuminance would be adjusted accordingly.

[0087] In the following examples, values ​​between -100 and +100 are used as numerical values ​​for the E setting for illustrative purposes. Higher values ​​or any other scaling are also conceivable. The setting of the control element is transmitted from the control element to the controller via an analog or digital signal.

[0088] The terms ST (t) and SB (t) for the color temperature and illuminance settings are used here in such a way that the setting and the value themselves are used synonymously, even if a digital value is calculated internally within the control device that corresponds only to the photometric values. Internally, this can be a percentage, an 8- or 16-bit control value, or similar.

[0089] The same applies to the color temperature, which can be converted internally in the control device or externally in the operating device of a lamp into a representation as a color location x,y or as a ratio of pulse width modulation of two or more output channels of a lighting control system.

[0090] In the following examples, the default setting for a time t 1 is an illuminance of SB,0 (t 1 ) = 650 lx and a color temperature of ST,0 (t 1 ) = 5350 K. The minimum values ​​are defined as SB,min (t 1 ) = 300 lx and ST,min (t 1 ) = 2700 K, and the maximum values ​​are defined as SB,max (t 1 ) = 800 lx and ST,max (t 1 ) = 6500 K for illuminance and color temperature at time t 1.

[0091] A user intervention with a desired adjustment of E=+50 can be handled as follows: a) "Linear" reaction:

[0092] In this example, illuminance and color temperature are changed proportionally to the setting E. Assume that a change in E by 1 corresponds to a change in color temperature by 20 K: VT (t 1 ,1)=20 K. A change in E by 50 corresponds to VT (t 1 ,50)=1000 K. In this example, this applies for all times t and the dependence of V and E is linear. The changed color temperature is then S T t 1 = MIN S T ,0 t 1 + V T t 1 50 ; S T ,max t1 = = MIN 5350 K + 1000 K ; 6500 K = = 6350 K .

[0093] For the illuminance, it is assumed that a change in E by 1 corresponds to a change in the illuminance by 4 lx: VB (t 1 ,1)=4 lx. A change in E by 50 corresponds to VB (t 1 ,50)=200 lx. In this example, this also applies for all times t and the dependence of V and E is linear. Then the changed illuminance is S B t 1 = MIN S B ,0 t 1 + VB t 1 50 ; S B ,max t 1 = = MIN 650 lx + 200 lx ; 800 lx = = 800 lx .

[0094] In this simple example, maximum and minimum values ​​are reached relatively quickly. This changes the basic shape of the dynamic curve S(t). Maximum and minimum values ​​are reached earlier and persist for longer periods. More complex dependencies are not present here.

[0095] For example a) above, Figure 4 the specified curve for color temperature and illuminance and in Figure 5 the changed course of these light parameters for a change in user input of +50 is shown. b) Linear reaction with finer gradation:

[0096] In this example, a change of E=1 corresponds to a change of 1% of the difference between the value for the basic setting ST,0 (t 1 ) and the maximum value ST,max (t 1 ). Contrary to the example above, the maximum value is limited to 6000 K for the time t 1 . Then, a change of E by 1 corresponds to a change in the color temperature VT (t 1 ,1) by 1% of the difference 6000 K - 5350 K = 650 K, i.e., by 6.5 K. Thus, VT (t 1 ,50)=325 K and S T t 1 = MIN S T ,0 t 1 + V T t 1 50 ; S T ,max t 1 = = MIN 5350 K + 325 K ; 6000 K = = 5675 K .

[0097] With corresponding specifications for the change in illuminance, a change in E by 1 corresponds to a change in illuminance VB (t 1 ,1) by 1 % of the difference 800 lx - 650 lx = 150 lx, i.e. by 1.5 lx. V B t 1 50 = 75 lx and S B t 1 = MIN S B , 0 t 1 + VB t 1 50 ; S B , max t 1 = = MIN 650 lx + 75 lx ; 800 lx = = 725 lx .

[0098] By relating the desired change to the difference between the baseline value and the maximum value at time t1, the adjustment is more finely graduated, while the basic curve shape is retained. The curve is more likely to be stretched or compressed. Minimum and maximum values ​​are reached at the same times as before the user intervention.

[0099] For example b) above, Figure 6 the specified curve for color temperature and illuminance and in Figure 7 the changed course of these light parameters for a change in user input of +50 is shown.

[0100] Any other functions for assigning the setting E to changes V are conceivable. Preferred are changes where the relationship between setting E and change V for illuminance and color temperature is described by a monotonically increasing function, i.e., with increasing values ​​of E, illuminance and / or color temperature also increase or at least remain the same. Conversely, with decreasing values ​​of E, illuminance and / or color temperature should also decrease or at least remain the same. Negative values ​​of E mean a reduction in illuminance and / or color temperature, similar to examples a) and b), but in the other direction. c) Complex (non-linear) reaction:

[0101] In this example, which takes into account special features regarding non-visual effects, the illuminance varies according to linear functions as described in example b), while the color temperature varies according to a non-linear function.

[0102] With the exemplary settings used in example b), the following functions could be defined. The same applies to illuminance as in example b). V B t 1 50 = 75 lx und S B t 1 = 725 lx .

[0103] For the color temperature, a dependence on the 3rd power of the change E is defined: V T t 1 E = E / 100 ∧ 3 ⋅ S T , max t 1 − S T , 0 t 1

[0104] For E=50 this results in V T t 1 50 = 0,5 ∧ 3 ⋅ 6000 K − 5350 K = 0,125 ⋅ 650 K = 81 K and thus S T t 1 = 5350 K + 81 K = 5431 K .

[0105] Especially in the evening, when the system is set to low color temperatures in its default state, such a dependency allows the color temperature to be changed relatively little at first, while the illuminance is significantly altered. Only when the user-selected setting for the change approaches the possible maximum of 100% (E=100) does the effect on a change in color temperature become more pronounced.

[0106] If the setting value is reduced compared to the basic setting, a correspondingly reversed behavior can be realized, so that the change initially has a greater effect on the color temperature and only later on the illuminance.

[0107] Preferably, a minimum illuminance level is defined, which is always maintained as a minimum value to ensure adequate visual quality. In work environments such as offices or meeting rooms, this minimum value may be specified by standards. The value of SB,min (t) should correspond to this minimum value. During "normal" dynamics—even after user intervention—this minimum value will not be undercut, as described above.

[0108] In some cases, however, it may be desirable to set a further reduced brightness, for example if a relaxed atmosphere is to be created in a room, or if only very low brightness is desired, for example to watch a film or a presentation.

[0109] In this case, further activation of the "down" function, once a maximum reduction in illuminance and color temperature has already been reached, down to the minimum values ​​described above, can be interpreted as the user's desire to go below these "minimum values" and even turn off the lighting, similar to a dimming function. In this case, the illuminance can be further reduced while maintaining a constant minimum color temperature.

[0110] Since the settings themselves and the changes to the settings are not immediately visible to the user, it can be useful to give the user feedback on what the changed settings do and what changes they can expect for the current and future lighting settings.

[0111] Such a change can be visualized for the user, for example, graphically by means of a diagram that shows the changed course of illuminance and color temperature, if necessary in comparison to the specified course.

[0112] Such diagrams are usually very complex and not necessarily easy to understand. Therefore, the following examples describe how a visualization can simplify the process.

[0113] Such visualization can preferably be performed directly on the input device, so that the user can immediately see the effects of changing the one-dimensional user input. In particular, the input device can have a touch-sensitive display on which the user makes the desired change by touch.

[0114] In one embodiment, the visualization is performed by a bar chart (horizontal or vertical) highlighting the currently selected setting for the one-dimensional user input. Such a bar chart can, for example, display the value for the one-dimensional user input color-coded, as shown in Figure 8a is shown schematically. A "neutral" color such as white or light yellow can be used for the "normal setting," i.e., for dynamics according to the specified curve. Increased values ​​for one-dimensional user input can be indicated by shades of blue (e.g., light blue to dark blue or pale blue to strong blue), and decreased values ​​can be indicated by shades of red and / or orange (e.g., yellow to red). Such a display can be (quasi-)analog, i.e., continuously variable.

[0115] Alternatively or additionally, the display can also contain categories that represent, for example, the corresponding lighting situation. These categories can, as in Figure 8b schematically shown, in words. In the embodiment according to Figure 8b For example, this is "HCL Daylight" for the specified curve (i.e., without user-entered deviation), as well as "Work Late" and "Performance Boost" for increased values ​​of the one-dimensional user input. For decreased values, "CREATIVE" and "RELAX" are used in this example. Of course, other terms, including more or fewer, can also be used.

[0116] In the embodiment according to Figure 8c The categories are represented by symbols. Here, too, different symbols, more or fewer, can be used. Symbols and words can also be used in combination.

[0117] Another type of representation is schematically shown in Figure 8d Here, the current values ​​of illuminance and color temperature are displayed on a scale, here as superimposed bar charts with different colors, e.g., yellow for illuminance (narrow bar), blue for color temperature (wide bar). The bars can also be arranged one below the other or side by side. The bars can also be ring-shaped.

[0118] A new value can be calculated from the illuminance and color temperature values ​​using a formula. This can be done, for example, by multiplying the two values ​​or multiplying the two values ​​by respective constant factors and adding the products.

[0119] From the color temperature, with knowledge of the spectral distribution, a factor can be determined that describes the ratio of melanopic daylight equivalent illuminance according to DIN SPEC 5031-100:2015 to the visually assessed illuminance.

[0120] For white LED lighting with 6500 K, this factor is approximately 0.8. For warm white LED lighting with 3000 K, this factor is approximately 0.45.

[0121] If the illuminance is multiplied by the conversion factor calculated using this method, the result is the melanopic daylight equivalent illuminance according to DIN SPEC 5031-100.

[0122] This evaluation method is now also defined in the international standard CIE S 026. The quantity defined in DIN SPEC 5031-100 as "daylight equivalent illuminance" is referred to in CIE S 026 as "daylight equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance." Both quantities are identical in terms of their calculation method and numerical values ​​for identical spectral distributions.

[0123] According to current knowledge, this quantity is a measure of the effectiveness of light on the biological system at a certain illuminance and a certain color temperature compared to daylight. This quantity can also be represented on a scale for visualization. This embodiment is shown schematically in Figure 8e shown. Here, too, in addition to a linear representation, a display as a ring-shaped bar or in the form of a speedometer display is conceivable.

[0124] The dependence of the melanopic daylight equivalent illuminance on the illuminance and the color temperature is shown for the example of LED lighting in Figure 9 shown approximately.

[0125] In the Figures 10a to 10e Another type of visualization is shown. Here, symbols for different values ​​for the one-dimensional user input are shown on the left, comparable to Figure 8cThe currently selected setting, or at least the symbol that most closely resembles the currently selected setting, can be highlighted. To the right of this, the respective color temperature and illuminance curve is displayed on a horizontal time axis. The color of the vertical bars can represent the color temperature at a given time. For example, warm to neutral white light colors can be indicated by orange to yellow bars, while cool white light colors can be indicated by light blue to vibrant blue bars.

[0126] The illuminance can be symbolized by the length of the bars.

[0127] At the same time, the lower value of the bar can be determined by the color temperature. This allows us to symbolize that higher color temperatures have a greater non-visual effect.

[0128] In the examples shown, one bar represents the average value of approximately 1.5 hours over the entire day. This allows the user to visualize the setting. The current status can be indicated by an icon (e.g., the sun symbol above the bars). This allows the user to see how the lighting situation will change in the future.

[0129] A visualization of the course of color temperature and illuminance, especially for future values, can also be done in other ways.

[0130] The Figures 10a to 10e The symbols shown on the left can be used to Figure 8b mentioned terms "Performance Boost", "Work Late", "HCL Daylight", "CREATIVE" and "RELAX".

[0131] The "Performance Boost" setting could also be referred to as "boost," "performance-enhancing lighting," "concentration," or terms of similar meaning. This setting would be suitable for increasing concentration and performance in the short term, but it carries the risk of negatively impacting the user at the wrong time, for example, due to increased biological effects in the evening.

[0132] The ability to select such a setting can be restricted by defining maximum values ​​as detailed above. A time limit for the "Performance Boost" setting can also be defined—e.g., not after 10:00 PM. Likewise, the length of time the "Performance Boost" setting remains active can be limited. For example, if the "Performance Boost" setting is selected after 9:00 PM, the setting value E could automatically decrease by a certain amount every 2-3 minutes until the "Work Late" setting (described below) is reached again.

[0133] An example of a changed course of the light parameters in the "Performance Boost" setting is shown in Figure 10a shown. In Figure 3b and 3c These are the curves that are close to the upper limit curves.

[0134] The "Work Late" setting could also be called "evening work" or "concentration (without circadian disruption)," "focused work," or similar. This setting, in which the illuminance is significantly increased beyond the specified baseline setting while the color temperature is not increased or only slightly increased, is suitable for working in the evening or at night without a significant disruptive effect on the circadian system. However, it can also be used during the day to promote concentrated work.

[0135] An example of a changed course of the light parameters in the "Work Late" setting is shown in Figure 10b shown. In the Figures 3b and 3c These are the curves that lie in the middle range between the specified curve and the upper limit curve.

[0136] The "HCL Daylight" setting could also be referred to as "HCL mode", "Daylight", "standard operation", "daylight dynamics", "natural lighting" or similar terms, which symbolize that the lighting is essentially based on the natural daylight pattern.

[0137] An example of a predefined course of the light parameters in the "HCL Daylight" setting is shown in Figure 10c shown. In the Figures 3b and 3c These are the curves that are close to the given curve.

[0138] The "CREATIVE" setting could also be referred to as "creativity lighting" or similar. Studies have shown that creativity is higher with warm white lighting than with standard lighting or higher color temperatures. In certain cases, it may be useful to deviate from this setting and select the "creativity setting" even during the day, when "standard HCL lighting" provides bright, daylight-like lighting. For example, for conducting creativity workshops, brainstorming sessions, or other activities where concentration and attention are less important than an inspiring and creativity-enhancing atmosphere.

[0139] An example of a predefined progression of the light parameters in the "CREATIVE" setting is shown in Figure 10d shown. In the Figures 3b and 3cThese are the curves that lie in the middle range between the specified curve and the lower limit curve.

[0140] The "RELAX" setting could also be described as "relaxation" or something similar. Warm colors and a brightness level reduced below the usual "working level" promote relaxation and create a familiar atmosphere. Examples include relaxed conversations in the afternoon or evening, but also "Christmas spirit" or similar.

[0141] An example of a changed course of the light parameters in the "RELAX" setting is shown in Figure 10e shown. In the Figures 3b and 3c These are the curves that are close to the lower limit.

[0142] Although five discrete settings were described above, it can be provided that the one-dimensional user input can also take values ​​between these discrete settings. The resulting course of the lighting parameters can then be shown in the examples according to Figures 10a to 10e displayed in the bar chart. The multitude of possible user inputs on the one-dimensional scale can also be grouped into more than the five groups mentioned or into other labels.

[0143] For example, for each of the five settings mentioned above, 11 or 7 subdivisions can be defined, resulting in a total of 55 or 35 discrete settings. Any other number of subdivisions is also conceivable.

[0144] It is advantageous to choose so many settings that no jumps in intensity or color temperature that are perceived as annoying by the user occur when the user switches from one setting to another.

[0145] At the same time, it's advantageous not to define so many settings that the user doesn't notice any change, even if the user input has been significantly altered. The aforementioned number of between 35 and 55 setting options has proven advantageous in this regard.

[0146] In one example, the progression of the lighting parameters over a 24-hour day is defined by 20 points in time. Furthermore, the possible user settings are defined by 35 discrete settings for each of the 20 points in time. This results in a matrix of 20 x 35 points for each lighting parameter. This matrix can be calculated and stored as a table in the memory of the control device. During operation, the 20 points in time can then be assigned to the actual local time once per day, and over time, the interpolation between the two points in time closest to the current local time for the respective user setting can be performed. This can significantly reduce the time required for calculating the lighting parameters with less powerful microcontrollers in the control unit. Fig. 3d An example of 21 user settings and 20 time points is outlined.

[0147] In a further embodiment, the visualization of the one-dimensional user input can be done in words, with the size of the words symbolizing the set value. This is exemplified in the Figures 11a to 11c shown.

[0148] The category corresponding to the selected setting may be displayed in a larger font size than neighboring settings and more distant settings.

[0149] The font sizes can be finely adjusted in many steps, almost analogous to the setting selected by the user. Figures 11a to 11c show three visualizations from a possible large number of images for feedback of the setting to the user. The representation corresponds to Figure 11a a "Boost" setting. The display according to Figure 11b corresponds to a setting between "Daylight" and "Work Late". The display according to Figure 11ccorresponds to the setting "Creative" with a slight tendency towards "Relax".

[0150] Another type of representation is shown schematically in the Figures 12a and 12b Here, the current value of the one-dimensional user input is displayed on a curved scale using an arrow. Similar to the above, the characterization of the set value can be indicated by colors and / or font sizes in addition to the displayed terms.

[0151] In Figure 13 An embodiment of a lighting system according to the invention is shown schematically. The lighting system comprises one or more lighting devices 1 (two lighting devices 1 are shown here) and a control device 2 for adjusting the lighting parameters of the lighting devices 1 during operation. The lighting devices 1 are connected to the control device 2 via cables. However, a wireless connection can also be provided.

[0152] The lighting system further comprises an input device 3, into which a display device 4 and a rotary control 7 are integrated. A one-dimensional user input can be selected via the rotary control 7 of the input device 3 and transmitted to the control device 2. The input device 3 is connected to the control device 2 via a cable. However, a wireless connection can also be provided.

[0153] In some embodiments, the one-dimensional user setting can also be performed or exclusively via a program running on a mobile device 5 (e.g., a smartphone or tablet). The mobile device 5 can communicate with the control device via wireless radio protocols.

[0154] The lighting system further comprises one or more sensors 6, which detect, for example, brightness or the presence of people and transmit this information to the control device. The sensors 6 are connected to the control device 2 via cables. However, a wireless connection can also be provided.

[0155] Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by the embodiments shown, the invention is not limited thereto and other variations can be derived therefrom by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0156] In general, "a", "an", etc., can be understood as a singular or a plural, in particular in the sense of "at least one" or "one or more", etc., unless this is explicitly excluded, e.g. by the expression "exactly one", etc.

[0157] A numerical value may also include the exact number stated as well as a usual tolerance range, as long as this is not explicitly excluded. List of reference symbols

[0158] 1Light source 2Control device 3Input device 4Display device 5Mobile device 6Sensors 7Rotary control

Claims

1. Lighting system having one or more light source (1) and a control device (2) for adjusting lighting parameters of the light sources (1) during operation, the control device (2) being set up to adjust the lighting parameters as a function of time in accordance with a plurality of predetermined courses of the lighting parameters, characterised in that the control device (2) is further set up to receive a one-dimensional user input and to switch from a current course from the plurality of courses corresponding to the one-dimensional user input to another course of the plurality of predetermined courses, wherein the control device (2) is further set up to change the current course of the light parameters in accordance with further input values, and wherein the control device (2) is further set up to determine the further input values and / or to receive them from external sensors (6), wherein the further input values are initially calculated together with a manipulated variable entered by a user via an input means into a single variable, which then serves as a one-dimensional user input for the lighting system.

2. The lighting system according to claim 1, wherein the light parameters are intensity, colour temperature, beam direction and / or beam angle of the light emitted by the light sources (1) during operation.

3. The lighting system according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising input means (3) connected to the control device (2) for inputting the one-dimensional user input.

4. The lighting system according to claim 3, wherein the input means (3) is a direct input means, in particular a switch, button, rotary or slide control, or an application running on a computer (5).

5. The lighting system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (2) is further arranged to change the multiple courses of the light parameters non-linearly with the one-dimensional user input.

6. The lighting system according to claim 5, wherein the control device (2) is furthermore set up to take maximum and / or minimum values for the light parameters into account when changing the multiple courses of the light parameters.

7. The lighting system according to claim 6, wherein the maximum and / or minimum values depend on temporal parameters and / or on parameters other than temporal parameters.

8. The lighting system according to claim 5, wherein the control device (2) is furthermore set up to reset the changed courses of the light parameters to the predetermined multiple courses of the light parameters after a predetermined first period of time.

9. The lighting system according to claim 5, wherein the control device (2) is furthermore set up to maintain the changed courses of the light parameters even after the light source(s) has / have been switched off and on again, if there is at most a predetermined third time interval between switching off and switching on again.

10. The lighting system according to one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the input means (3) has a display device (4), wherein the input means (2) is set up to display on the display device (4) a measure of the change in the current course of the light parameters.