Anchoring system for a building element on a structure

Description

Technical field of the invention

[0001] The invention relates to an anchoring system for a structural element on a building, in particular (but not exclusively) for anchoring a structural element designed as an intermediate floor to a tunnel structure. State of the art

[0002] Anchoring a structural element to a concrete structure, particularly an intermediate floor in tunnel construction, is subject to very high safety requirements. Intermediate floors in tunnels are generally reinforced concrete structures and are primarily used to separate a ventilation space from the traffic lane. The ventilation space typically has a sufficient duct cross-section for active ventilation and for the rapid extraction of exhaust air and smoke in the event of congestion or fire. To ensure this, the distance between an inner ring or inner lining of a tunnel structure and the intermediate floor is generally approximately 1.80 m.

[0003] Due to the stringent safety requirements in tunnel construction, it is necessary that the storage and / or suspension or support of the intermediate ceiling be freely accessible for inspection and maintenance purposes, i.e., in particular, freely accessible via the cavity between the intermediate ceiling and the inner ring. This also has the advantage that the traffic flowing through the tunnel is not disrupted during regularly scheduled inspections.

[0004] In tunnel construction, the intermediate ceiling is generally supported on reinforced bearings, which are designed as strip brackets on a tunnel lining or the inner ring, so that the tensile forces resulting from the bearing forces are absorbed by the reinforcing steel. However, in areas with large spans, e.g., in emergency bays and junctions, and for temporary stabilization, it is permitted to suspend the intermediate ceiling from the tunnel structure using devices, for example, from its inner ring.

[0005] The anchoring systems used must meet stringent safety requirements. These include, among other things, the suitability of the anchoring material, which must be sufficiently resistant to the aggressive and corrosive atmosphere prevailing in the tunnel, the extreme temperature fluctuations (e.g., in the event of a fire), and the static and dynamic loads that occur. Furthermore, there are regulations for the construction itself; that is, the use of adhesive anchors or welded anchor devices for suspending the intermediate floor is not permitted. It is also stipulated that slip-free, undercut, and fatigue-resistant fasteners with full concrete bond should be used for the installation of dynamically loaded anchors. Therefore, it is recommended to use undercut anchors, positive-lock anchors, and embedded anchors in tension zones for heavy loads, such as intermediate floors.

[0006] The so-called Swiss anchor, known for example from EP 0 062 155 and CH 701 852, is used to anchor heavy loads in rock, stone, or a concrete structure. The Swiss anchor comprises an anchor rod with an external thread, one end of which is supported by an anchor plate against the component to be anchored. The opposite end of the anchor rod engages with an internal thread of a retaining element, which is embedded in rock, stone, or a concrete structure. For anchoring, a first borehole, the anchoring borehole, and a second borehole, the auxiliary borehole, are drilled in the rock, stone, or concrete structure at an acute angle to each other. The retaining element is inserted into the auxiliary borehole and is penetrated by the anchor rod inserted in the anchoring borehole.The anchor rod inserted in the anchoring bore can be held against tensile stress by means of the retaining element inserted in the auxiliary bore. Furthermore, the anchor rod can be secured within the retaining element against loosening caused by vibrations by a locking element. Conventionally, the locking element forms a positive connection with the anchor rod. Since a large number of bores must be machined with millimeter precision to position the Swiss beam, the arrangement of Swiss beams for supporting an intermediate floor in a tunnel structure is very labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly.

[0007] Furthermore, DE 3 631 544 discloses a method for anchoring a component in concrete, wherein a first borehole is drilled to receive a retaining anchor. Subsequently, a second borehole is drilled to receive a locking element. Starting from a first end of the first borehole, the borehole mouth, the second borehole partially overlaps and extends divergently to the first borehole. A locking element is inserted into the second borehole, which forms a positive connection with the retaining anchor. For example, the locking element can comprise reactive composite components stored in a cartridge, which are released by screwing in the retaining anchor and exert their anchoring effect.

[0008] From DE 10 2013 109428 A1 an anchoring system is known with a coil spring wound from a spring wire, which can be screwed into a sleeve and on whose mounting-side end a nut can be screwed for clamping an attachment.

[0009] From DE 198 54 162 A1 a sound-reduced suspension of an intermediate ceiling in residential construction is known, comprising a two-part sleeve and a spacer screw.

[0010] From DE 20 2018 104025 U1, a shaft with an external thread and a widened head is known for anchoring a precast concrete element, on which a connecting element can be arranged.

[0011] All these anchoring systems are complex and expensive, either due to the millimeter-precise manufacturing of drill holes or the number of elements involved. Summary of the invention

[0012] One object of the present invention is to provide an anchoring system for a structural element in a building, in particular for anchoring an intermediate floor to a tunnel structure or a tunnel ceiling, which enables optimal and simple anchoring of the structural element while taking into account high safety requirements. The anchoring system should, in particular, be installable with a reduced number of required drill holes and elements compared to the prior art, and without welding. The anchoring system should also be inspectable, potentially replaceable, and retrofittable.

[0013] According to the invention, the problem is solved by an anchoring system for anchoring a structural element designed as an intermediate floor to a structure in tunnel construction, comprising a first anchoring means, which includes a retaining element designed as a sleeve and screwable into a bore in the structure, a second anchoring means that can be arranged on the structural element, and a tensioning unit. The tensioning unit of the anchoring system according to the invention comprises a first tie rod, which can be inserted with a first end section into the sleeve that can be screwed into the bore, and a second tie rod, which can be inserted on the second anchoring means, and a tensioning device for connecting the first tie rod and the second tie rod to each other.

[0014] In one embodiment, the retaining element of the first anchoring device, designed as a sleeve, has an external thread along its entire length, allowing it to be fully screwed into the borehole in the tunnel structure. The design and use of the sleeve, which extends over the entire length of the borehole in the structure, and the external thread running along its entire length, ensure a secure fit of the sleeve within the structure, e.g., a concrete construction.

[0015] Various methods and / or installation aids are provided for positioning this sleeve-like retaining element. In one embodiment, the external thread of the sleeve-like retaining element is a self-tapping thread. This allows the sleeve-like retaining element with its self-tapping external thread to be screwed directly into the pre-drilled hole in the structure, making placement of the retaining element particularly easy. Alternatively, a threading element can be used to create a thread in the pre-drilled hole in the tunnel structure that is compatible with the external thread of the sleeve-like retaining element. Accordingly, a threading point integrated into the retaining element or a separate threading point with an external thread section can be used on a frontal or longitudinal external thread section to create the thread in the hole.

[0016] In one embodiment, the sleeve-like retaining element has an internal thread on the inside of the screw-in end area, into which an installation aid can be screwed for placing the sleeve-like retaining element and / or the pull rod for anchoring the component.

[0017] Alternatively, screwing the sleeve into the prepared bore can be facilitated by providing a receptacle for an installation aid at the end of the sleeve opposite the end where it is screwed in. The installation aid can be a tool that can be positioned in the receptacle for installing the sleeve.

[0018] The installation aid can be designed as a screw with a screw head that engages with the internal thread on the inside of the sleeve. Thus, an internal thread can be formed on the inside of the inlet end of the sleeve, into which an installation aid designed as a screw can be inserted, in particular by means of a compatible thread. This internal thread on the inlet end of the sleeve can have a larger inner diameter than the internal thread on the screw-in end of the sleeve.

[0019] The screw-shaped installation aid of one embodiment has a screw head that projects from the sleeve-like retaining element and can interact with a suitable tool to transmit torque to the sleeve-like retaining element for screwing it into the prepared bore in the tunnel structure. This can be achieved, for example, by an internal profile, a slot, or a shaped circumference on the screw head. Other internal contours at the inlet end of the sleeve-like retaining element for the form-fit and / or force-fit reception of the installation aid are conceivable.

[0020] Advantageously, the installation aid remains inside the sleeve-shaped retaining element until the first tie rod is inserted to anchor the component. The installation aid seals the interior of the sleeve-shaped retaining element, thus protecting it and allowing the sleeve-shaped retaining elements to be positioned early in the tunnel construction process without being affected by subsequent work.

[0021] In one embodiment of the anchoring system, a separating element is included, which can be arranged between the installation aid inserted in the sleeve-like retaining element and an adjacent end region of the same, and which prevents cold welding of the enclosed elements. This ensures that the installation aid can be easily removed from the sleeve-like retaining element at any time.

[0022] The first tie rod of the clamping unit can be inserted into the sleeve, which is inserted into the pre-drilled hole in the structure. This tie rod can, for example, be designed as a threaded rod or at least have an external thread in one end section that is compatible with the internal thread in the screw-in end of the sleeve. The first tie rod can therefore be optimally connected to the first anchoring element, which comprises the sleeve-like retaining element, and is also easily replaceable.

[0023] The external thread extending along the entire length of the sleeve-like retaining element, allowing it to be fully screwed into the pre-drilled hole, not only ensures a secure fit of the sleeve-like retaining element within the tunnel structure, but also optimally transfers the force emanating from the first tie rod, which is accommodated at the screw-in end, into the structure surrounding the hole and the sleeve-like retaining element via the external thread. Due to the length of the external thread and the integration of the first tie rod of the tensioning unit via the screw connection at the screw-in end of the retaining element, local stress concentrations are largely avoided.

[0024] The clamping unit comprises the first tie rod, which is suitable for being inserted into the sleeve-like retaining element and thus into the structure, and held in the screw-in end area of ​​this sleeve.

[0025] To anchor a structural element designed as an intermediate floor to a tunnel ceiling structure or tunnel construction, in one embodiment the second tie rod can be connected to the second anchoring element, which is provided on the structural element to be anchored. Preferably, in one embodiment, the second anchoring element comprises an anchor plate that supports the structural element, i.e., can be arranged, in particular, on the underside of the structural element. It can be provided that a second bore, aligned with the bore in the structure, is machined into the structural element and designed as a through bore. The second tie rod can extend through the through bore, and the anchor plate can be clamped against the structural element by means of a clamping nut that can be screwed onto the second tie rod.

[0026] The second anchoring element, which can be arranged on the structural element to be anchored, i.e., the intermediate floor, can in one embodiment also comprise a sleeve-shaped retaining element. This retaining element can be inserted into a second bore in the structural element by means of an external thread extending along its entire length and is held in a corresponding screw-in end region therein. In particular, the bore in the structure, e.g., a concrete tunnel ceiling, and the second bore in the structural element to be anchored to the structure are aligned with each other. The sleeve-shaped retaining element that can be inserted into the structural element is also designed to accommodate, particularly in the screw-in end region, the second tie rod, which extends from the structural element towards the structure.This embodiment of the anchoring system is particularly advantageous because only a few different elements are required, so that a large number of anchoring systems can be installed on a construction site without any problems.

[0027] According to the invention, the tensioning unit comprises the second tie rod, which can be inserted into the second anchoring element arranged in the structural element to be anchored, for example, a precast concrete component of the intermediate floor. The first tie rod and the second tie rod can be connected to each other via a suitable tensioning device, in particular a turnbuckle. A known turnbuckle is designed for an adjustable axial connection of two coaxial rods. It generally comprises a tubular bushing with a left-hand thread at one end and a right-hand thread at the other, into which correspondingly compatible external threads of the tie rods can be received. When the bushing is rotated, the axial distance between the rods is reduced or increased, or adjusted, depending on the direction of rotation.Furthermore, means may be provided on the turnbuckle to secure the tension applied to the two tie rods relative to each other.

[0028] An alternative embodiment, not encompassed by the invention, comprises a tie rod with a left-hand thread extending over a first section and a right-hand thread extending over a second section, with a clamping screw arranged between them. Here, too, axial clamping of the tie rod, which is received at its ends in the first and second anchoring means respectively, can be achieved by rotating the clamping screw in one direction.

[0029] With an anchoring system according to the invention, the anchoring of an intermediate floor to a tunnel structure can be simplified, while maintenance, repair, and dismantling of the connection or anchorage are possible in a simple and time-saving manner. Using the anchoring system according to the invention, structural elements, especially precast concrete components, can be connected quickly, efficiently, and safely. Such a connection can bear load immediately after the anchoring system is tensioned, and it is also advantageous that it can be mass-produced with high precision. High strength, toughness, and vibration resistance can be achieved through a suitable selection of materials for the elements of the anchoring system, whereby corrosion resistance must also be taken into account. Brief description of the drawing

[0030] Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing.

[0031] It shows: Fig. 1 a sectional view of an anchoring system in a first embodiment; Fig. 2 a sectional view of an anchoring system in a second embodiment; Fig. 3 a sectional view of a sleeve-like retaining element of the anchoring system; Fig. 4 a sectional view of the sleeve-like retaining element with an installation aid; and Fig. 5 A cross-sectional view of the sleeve-like retaining element with an installation aid. Detailed description of the drawing

[0032] Out of Figure 1 An anchoring system 10 is shown, which connects a structural element 12 with a second structural element, referred to as structure 14. In particular, the structural element 12 to be anchored is a precast concrete element, specifically an element of an intermediate floor, which is installed below the tunnel structure 14 in tunnel construction.

[0033] In the illustrated embodiment of the anchoring system 10, it comprises a first anchoring means 20 with a first retaining element 16, which is designed as a sleeve 17 and is received in a bore 18 in the structure 14. A thread 24 extending over the entire length is formed on the outside of the sleeve 17. As can be seen from the Fig. 1 As can be seen, the sleeve 17 is inserted or screwed into the bore 18 produced in the structure 14. The thread 24 of the sleeve 17 can be a self-tapping thread 24. In this case, the self-tapping thread 24 penetrates the concrete, rock, or stone of the structure 14, allowing the sleeve 17 to be screwed directly into a bore 18 in the structure 14. However, sleeves 17 with external threads 24 that are not self-tapping can also be used.

[0034] To insert the sleeve 17 into the pre-drilled or machined bore 18, a corresponding thread can be cut into the bore 18 using a threading tool, after which the threading tool can be unscrewed from the bore. The sleeve 17 can then be screwed into the prepared bore 18 using the external thread 24. This method does not subject the sleeve 17 and the external thread 24 to excessive stress, yet still ensures a secure fit of the sleeve 17.

[0035] The sleeve 17 screwed into the bore 18 extends practically over the entire length of this bore, so that the force is optimally introduced over a large area from the sleeve 17 and the external thread 24 into its surroundings, in particular into the surrounding concrete.

[0036] From the embodiment according to Figure 1It is evident that a second anchoring element 50 is provided in the component 12 to be anchored, also comprising a sleeve 57 with an external thread 54, which can be inserted into a manufactured second bore 58 in the component 12. The sleeve 57, external thread 54, and second bore 58 can be largely identical to those arranged in the structure 14, but can also have a different embodiment. However, the (first) bore 18 in the structure 14 and the (second) bore 58 in the component 12 are largely aligned with each other.

[0037] A clamping unit 40, designed as a drawbar 42, is inserted into the sleeve 17. For this purpose, the sleeve 17 is provided with an internal thread 26 on the inside of the screw-in end 21. The clamping unit 40, or the drawbar 42, can thus be screwed into the internal thread 26 in the sleeve 17. The drawbar 42 can be a threaded rod cut to a suitable length. Advantageously, the internal thread 26 has a length that corresponds approximately to 1.5 times the nominal diameter of the drawbar 42.

[0038] As in Figure 1As shown, the first tie rod 42 extends beyond the sleeve 17, and in one embodiment, a thread is provided at least in a projecting end region, which can be directly connected to the second anchoring means 50, which supports the component 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the clamping unit 40 comprises a second tie rod 43, which can be clamped to the (first) tie rod 42 via a turnbuckle 60. The second tie rod 43 can be connected to the second anchoring means 50. In the illustrated embodiment of the Figure 1The second anchoring means 50 therefore comprises the sleeve 57 received in the second bore 58 produced in the component 12, which can be designed similarly to the sleeve 17 received in the structure 14. The second tie rod 43 is held at least in the screw-in end region 21 of the sleeve 57. The turnbuckle 60 has a left-hand thread and an opposing right-hand thread on a tubular bushing, into which the first tie rod 42 and the second tie rod 43, with their end regions designed with compatible threads, can be screwed.

[0039] Accordingly, the anchoring system 10 is designed such that with a few elements, i.e. sleeves 17, 57, tie rods 42, 43 and the tensioning device 60, a secure anchoring of the structural element 12 designed as an intermediate ceiling to the structure 14, e.g. an inner ring of a tunnel, is ensured, whereby a tensioning is achieved in a simple manner.

[0040] In Figure 2 An alternative embodiment of the anchoring system 10 is shown, the difference being that it differs from the embodiment described above. Figure 1 The only difference is that the second anchoring device 50 varies. The second anchoring device 50 comprises an anchor plate 51, which rests against a surface of the structural element 12 to be supported. The second tie rod 43 passes through the second bore 58, which is designed as a through-hole 52, and the anchor plate 51, and can be connected to it by means of a clamping nut 53 that can be screwed onto the second tie rod 43, so that the anchor plate 51 is tensioned against the structural element 12.

[0041] Figure 3Figure 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the sleeve 17 which can be arranged in the structure 14. The same applies to the sleeve 57, which can be received in the structural element 12 to be anchored to the structure 14. An external thread 24, extending over the entire length of the sleeve 17, is provided on the outside. An internal thread 26 is formed on the inside of a screw-in end region 21 of the sleeve 17, into which the tie rod 42 with its corresponding thread can be screwed.

[0042] Figure 4Figure 1 shows a variant of the sleeve 17, which differs from the previously described sleeve 17 only in that the internal area of ​​the sleeve 17 is designed differently. In addition to the internal thread 26 formed on the screw-in end 21, a threaded receptacle 28 is formed on an opposite inlet end 22 of the sleeve 17, into which an installation aid 30 can be inserted. As shown by way of example, the threaded receptacle in the inlet end 22 of the sleeve 17 has a larger internal diameter than the internal thread 26 in the screw-in end 21. Thus, the pull rod 42 can be inserted through the inlet end 22 and screwed into the internal thread 26 on the screw-in end 21.

[0043] Furthermore, it can be seen that an installation aid 30, designed as a screw 32 with a screw head 34, can be received in the internal thread in the inlet-side end region 22 of the sleeve. The protruding screw head 34 is designed such that it can be engaged with a suitable tool, allowing the sleeve 17 to be screwed into the structure 14, where it serves as a second anchoring means 50. In particular, the screw head 34 allows the sleeve 17 to be screwed into the bores 18, 58 produced in the structure 14 or in the component 12. At the same time, the installed installation aid 30 seals the interior of the sleeve 17, thus protecting it from contamination, etc. Therefore, sleeves 17 and 57 can be arranged at an early stage and, if necessary, activated for anchoring by means of the anchoring system 10 by removing the installation aid 30.

[0044] It proves advantageous that a separating element 36, designed as an annular separating disc, is provided between the received installation aid 30 and an adjacent end face of the sleeve 17. In particular, this prevents cold welding between the sleeve 17 and the installation aid 30 when the high forces are applied during the insertion of the sleeve 17 using the screw-shaped installation aid 30.

[0045] In Figure 5An alternative embodiment of the installation aid 30 is shown. Here, the sleeve 17, or the sleeve 57 which can be arranged in the component 12, includes the internally formed internal thread 26 at the screw-in end region 21, whereby this thread can be brought into engagement with a correspondingly designed installation aid 30. The installation aid 30 extends from the inlet-side end region 22 of the sleeve 17 to the screw-in-side end region 21 and can be screwed in there in order, on the one hand, to insert the sleeve 17; 57 into the correspondingly machined bore 18; 58 and, on the other hand, to remain in the sleeve 17; 57 as protection until it is used for anchoring. Reference symbol list

[0046] 10 Anchoring system 12 Anchorable structural element 14 Structure 16 Retaining element 17 Sleeve in structure 18 Drilling in structure 20 First anchoring device 21 Screw-in end of sleeve 22 Inlet end of sleeve 24 External thread of sleeve 26 Internal thread of sleeve 28 Receptacle for installation aid 30 Installation aid 32 Screw 34 Screw head 36 Separating element 40 Tensioning unit 42 Drawbar 43 Second drawbar 44 First end section of the drawbar 46 Second end section of the drawbar 48 Thread of the drawbar 50 Second anchoring device 51 Anchor plate 52 Through hole 53 Tension nut 54 External thread 57 Sleeve in component 58 Second hole 60 turnbuckle

Claims

1. Anchoring system (10) for anchoring a structural element (12) designed as an intermediate ceiling to a structure (14) in tunnel construction, comprising ▪ a first anchoring means (20), which comprises a retaining element (16) designed as a sleeve (17) that is screwable into a borehole (18) in the structure (14), the retaining element having an external thread (24), ▪ a second anchoring means (50) that is able to be arranged on the structural element (12), and ▪ a clamping unit (40), characterized in that the clamping unit (40) comprises a first tie rod (42) which is able to be inserted with a first end section (44) into the sleeve (17) that is screwable into the borehole (18) and is held in an end region (21) of the sleeve (17) on the screw-in side, and a second tie rod (43) which is able to be inserted into the second anchoring means (50) and a tensioning device (60) for connecting the first tie rod (42) and the second tie rod (43) to each other.

2. Anchoring system (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the external thread (24) of the retaining element (16) designed as a sleeve (17) extends over the entire length of the sleeve (17), and that the retaining element (16) is able to be screwed completely into the first borehole (18).

3. Anchoring system (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the external thread (24) of the sleeve (17) is a self-tapping thread.

4. Anchoring system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an internal thread (26) is formed on the inside of the screw-in end region (21) of the sleeve (17), into which internal thread the first tie rod (42) with a compatible thread (48) formed on the first end section (44) and / or an installation aid (30) is able to be screwed.

5. Anchoring system (10) according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an inlet-side end region (22) of the sleeve (17) opposite the screw-in end region (21) is designed with an accommodation (28) for an installation aid (30) for screwing the sleeve (17) into the made borehole (18).

6. Anchoring system (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that the accommodation (28) at the inlet end region (22) of the sleeve (17) has a larger internal diameter than at the screw-in end region (21) of the sleeve (17).

7. Anchoring system (10) according to one of the claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a separating element (36) is included, which is arranged between the installation aid (30) accommodated in the sleeve (17) and an adjacent end region of the sleeve (17).

8. Anchoring system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second anchoring means (50) comprises an anchor plate (51) which is connected to the second tie rod (43) to support the structural element (12).

9. Anchoring system (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that the anchor plate (51) is connectible to the second tie rod (43) of the clamping unit (40) by means of a clamping nut (53).

10. Anchoring system (10) according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the second anchoring means (50) comprises a sleeve (57), that is able to be screwed completely into a second borehole (58), made in the structural element (12), with an external thread (54) formed over the entire length.

11. Anchoring system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensioning device (60) is designed as a turnbuckle.