Electromechanical switchgear for coaxial mounting with blocking device

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a rear switching mechanism, in particular an electromechanical switching mechanism for coaxial mounting on a rear wheel axle.

[0002] Rear derailleurs are typically attached to the right dropout of the frame using a derailleur hanger. The hanger is fixed to the frame at one end, coaxially aligned with the rear axle, and at the other end, coaxially aligned with the B-axis of the derailleur's base element (B-knuckle). The hanger bridges the gap between the geometric axis A of the rear axle and the B-axis of the base element. When mounted to the frame, the base element can rotate around the B-axis relative to the derailleur hanger. Forward rotation of the derailleur (counterclockwise) is limited by the B-screws. Rearward rotation (counterclockwise) is prevented by chain tension.

[0003] Mechanical derailleurs for coaxial mounting on the rear wheel axle are known from EP 0 875 444 A1, EP 1 342 658 A1 and EP 1 764 297 A1. The separate derailleur hanger is omitted; the B-axis of the base element runs along the rear wheel axle A, i.e., coaxially. Another example is known from US 2013 / 303317 A1, where the features of the preamble to claim 1 are disclosed.

[0004] Sprocket sets have a gear ratio spread of 500 percent or more. Such gear ratio spreads can be achieved with a smallest sprocket having 9, 10, or 11 teeth and a largest sprocket having 50, 51, 52 teeth or more.

[0005] In order to be able to operate the increased number of sprockets with the derailleur, the derailleur dimensions are enlarged.

[0006] Angled pivot mechanisms (skewed parallelogram) can cause vertical impacts, such as those encountered when riding off-road, leading to movement of the pivot mechanism and thus to unintended shifting (ghost shifting). To engage sprockets of significantly different sizes, the skewed parallelogram would have to be angled even more and / or the derailleur dimensions would have to be further increased. Both of these measures would further increase the susceptibility to unintended shifting.

[0007] One object of the invention is to provide a switching mechanism that can be easily mounted and adjusted.

[0008] The distance between the upper chain roller of a derailleur and the sprocket under which the chain roller is positioned is called the B-gap or chain gap. When developing a derailleur system, a B-gap curve that is as constant as possible is generally the goal. This curve results from the interaction of various geometric parameters, such as the parallelogram geometry (pivot mechanism), the distance of the parallelogram to the rear axle (A), the angle of the parallelogram to the plane connecting the axle and bottom bracket (B-angle), the distance of the P-knuckle axle (P-axis) to the parallelogram, the cage geometry, the size of the chain rollers, the gear ratio range of the cassette, etc.

[0009] It has been shown that a precise initial B-gap setting has a particularly strong influence on robustness and shifting performance. In practice, only very imprecise results can be achieved using common B-gap setting methods. The main problems here are the lack of a reference point and the overly complex setting process for less experienced users. The use of B-gap templates is helpful, but due to application errors, it often does not lead to optimal results.

[0010] A coaxial derailleur connection with an adjustable stop element allows a defined locking between chain guide assembly (cage) and moving element (P-knuckle) and enables a simple, quick and very accurate adjustment of the B-gap.

[0011] In practice, however, another problem has emerged. On frames with rear suspension, the rear triangle geometry changes during compression, with corresponding effects on the B-gap, due in part to changes in chainstay length and B-angle. For this reason, the B-gap currently has to be set in the sag position. In the sag position, the rear triangle is fully compressed. This requires the rear triangle to be loaded, necessitating two people or other tools for the adjustment, such as releasing air from the shock, removing the shock, or compressing it with aids like a ratchet strap.

[0012] German patent DE 10 2018 208 053 ​​A1 discloses a rear derailleur with an integrated indicator or marking on the chain guide. The marking on the derailleur functions like a B-gap template, with the advantage of requiring no additional parts. The marking indicates the correct distance of the upper chain roller relative to the outer circumference of the largest sprocket in a multi-sprocket setup (B-gap). However, a disadvantage of this design is that the marking only indicates a single adjustment position for the derailleur relative to the multi-sprocket setup. This means that regardless of the bicycle category (full suspension or hardtail), the derailleur is always set in the same position. There is no option to vary the adjustment position depending on the bicycle category. Consequently, full-suspension bicycles can currently only be adjusted in the sag position – i.e., fully compressed.

[0013] The inventive switching mechanism with the locking device solves the problem by providing at least one second locking option between the cage and the P-knuckle, which serves for sag compensation.

[0014] To accommodate different bicycle categories (e.g., full-suspension, hardtail), the locking mechanism must be adjustable to various positions. The locking mechanism can either be designed as a flip chip (rotatable by 180 degrees) or interact with multiple locking points in the cage. Two or three adjustment positions, in particular, have proven advantageous.

[0015] The various embodiments of the invention are described in the claims and the description of the figures.

[0016] Another embodiment of the invention has only one locking option. The locking position is selected such that a defined sprocket position is used for adjustment on rigid bicycles. Another (adjacent) sprocket position is used for adjustment with sag compensation.

[0017] Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for mounting and adjusting the switching mechanism. The methods are related to the Figures 18 and 19 described. These procedures or individual steps could also be carried out with the support of application software (app for short).

[0018] First, the bicycle category is determined. Depending on the bicycle category, a specific chain length must be selected, and the locking device must be used in the first or second position. Brief description of the drawings:

[0019] Fig. 1 Schematic partial view of a rear wheel assembly with an electromechanical derailleur mounted on a bicycle frame. Fig. 2 External view of the derailleur. Fig. 3 Internal view of the derailleur in the first locking position and first position. Fig. 4 Internal view of the derailleur in the second locking position and first position. Fig. 5 Internal view of the derailleur in the second locking position and second position. Fig. 6 Perspective view of the moving element with locking device. Fig. 7 Sectional view of the moving element with the locking device in the second position - locked (active position). Fig. 8 Sectional view of the moving element with the locking device in the second position - not locked (passive position). Fig. 9 Sectional view of the locking device in the second position, removed from the moving element.Fig. 10 Sectional view of the movable element with the locking device in the first position - locked (active position) Fig. 11 Sectional view of the movable element with the locking device in the first position - not locked (passive position) Fig. 12 Sectional view of the locking device in the first position taken from the movable element Fig. 13 Perspective view of the locking device - not locked (passive position) Fig. 14 Interior view of the locking device according to the invention Fig. 15 Exterior view of the locking device according to the invention Fig. 16 Perspective section through the locking device - not locked (passive position) Fig. 17 Sectional view through the locking device - not locked (passive position) Fig. 18 Flowchart overall view - selection of bicycle category Fig. 18A First enlarged section of the flowchart from . Fig. 18 (top left) Fig. 18B Second enlarged section from Fig. 18(center left) Fig. 18C Third enlarged section from Fig. 18 (bottom left) Fig. 18D Fourth enlarged section from Fig. 18 (top right) Fig. 18E Fifth enlarged section from Fig. 18 (center right) Fig. 19 Flowchart overview - Assembly and adjustment process of the switchgear Fig. 19A First enlarged section of the flowchart from Fig. 19 (above) Fig. 19B Second enlarged section of the flowchart from Fig. 19 (below) Fig. 20A Switchgear with a second embodiment of the blocking device Fig. 20B Parts of the switchgear made of Fig. 20AFig. 21 Switchgear with a third embodiment of the locking device Fig. 22 Switchgear with a fourth embodiment of the locking device Fig. 23 Switchgear with a fifth embodiment of the locking device Fig. 24 Switchgear with a sixth embodiment of the locking device Fig. 25A Switchgear with a seventh embodiment of the locking device - first setting position, active position Fig. 25B Sectional view of the switchgear Fig. 25A Fig. 26A Switchgear with a seventh embodiment of the blocking device - changeover position between first and second position. Fig. 26B Sectional view of the switchgear. Fig. 26A Fig. 27A Switchgear with a seventh embodiment of the locking device - second setting position, active position Fig. 27B Sectional view of the switchgear made of Fig. 27AFig. 28 Switchgear with an eighth embodiment of the locking device. Fig. 29A Switchgear with a ninth embodiment of the locking device. Fig. 29B Sectional view of the switchgear made of Fig. 29A Fig. 30 Shift mechanism with a tenth embodiment of the locking device. Fig. 31 Diagram for setting in first and seventh gear. Detailed description of preferred embodiments

[0020] The directional terms "front / back," "outside / inside," "top / bottom," and "left / right" used below refer to a bicycle that is oriented and used in the direction of travel. The bicycle frame 1 has a left and a right rear dropout 2, between which a rear wheel (not shown here) is mounted. The rear wheel rotates around the rear axle A together with the sprocket cluster 4. The sprocket cluster 4 is shown schematically and rotates around the rear axle A. Such a sprocket cluster 4 can, for example, comprise 12 sprockets, with the smallest sprocket having ten teeth and the largest sprocket having 52 teeth.

[0021] The electromechanical derailleur 10 is mounted on the right dropout 2. When shifting from a larger sprocket to a smaller sprocket, the rear derailleur 10 moves the chain 5 axially outwards (outboard). When shifting from a smaller sprocket to a larger sprocket, the rear derailleur 10 moves the chain 5 axially inwards (inboard). "Axially" refers to the rear wheel axle A or the pivot axis A of the multi-sprocket assembly 4. The largest sprocket is located axially further inwards than the smaller sprockets. The teeth are arranged radially outwards on the sprockets. The chain 5 passes through the chain guide assembly in an S-shape and engages with the teeth of the upper and lower chain guide pulleys as well as the teeth of the sprocket cluster 4 (not shown here).

[0022] The in Figure 1The bicycle drive shown comprises a front single chainring (not shown), a rear sprocket set 4, a chain 5, and a rear derailleur 10. Switching signals are sent from a handlebar-mounted switch (not shown) to the electromechanical derailleur 10. The transmission of the switching signals from the switch to the derailleur 10 is wireless. Transmission of the switching signals via cable would also be conceivable. The locking device according to the invention is equally applicable with a mechanical as well as an electromechanical derailleur.

[0023] Figure 1 shows a perspective external view of an embodiment of the rear derailleur 10 mounted on the right dropout 2 of the frame 1.

[0024] Figure 2The figure shows only the derailleur 10 in an external view. The coaxial mounting of the derailleur 10 by means of bolts 60 along the rear wheel axle A or the B-axis of the base element 20 eliminates the need for a derailleur hanger.

[0025] The chain guide assembly 90 is rotatably connected to the movable element 40 about the pivot axis 41 (P-axis) and is pre-tensioned counterclockwise (towards the rear) so that the chain is tensioned. The chain guide assembly 90 comprises an upper and a lower chain guide roller 91, 92, each rotatably mounted between two cage plates 93a, 93b. The upper chain guide roller 91 is rotatably mounted at an upper distance from the axis 41. The lower chain guide roller 92 is rotatably mounted at a lower distance from the P-axis 41, with the upper chain guide roller 91 being located at a smaller distance from the P-axis 41 than the lower chain guide roller 92. The movable element 40 includes a locking device 100 (flip chip) that allows the pre-tensioned chain guide assembly 90 to be fixed relative to the movable element 40.This allows the derailleur 10 to be mounted and adjusted without the chain guide assembly 90 snapping backwards due to the preload.

[0026] The shift mechanism 10 comprises a two-part base element 20, a movable element 40, a chain guide assembly 90, and a pivoting mechanism 30 that connects the base element 20 to the movable element 40. The electromechanical drive for actuating the pivoting mechanism 30 is housed in the gearbox casing 50 and held by the base element 20. The power source 70 is located at the rear of the base element 20.

[0027] Figures 3 to 5 The figures show internal views of the electromechanical switching mechanism 10 in various locking positions. For better visibility, the inner cage plate 93b is not shown.

[0028] The base element 20 has two arms 22a, 22b at its first connecting end 21, which are engaged by a bolt along the B-axis and Z-axis, respectively, for mounting on the rear wheel axle A. When mounted on the frame, the B-axis of the bolt 60 and the Z-axis of the centering openings of the base element 20 run coaxially with the frame opening and thus with the rear wheel axle A. The convergence of the three axes A, B, and Z in the mounted state results from the Figures 1 to 3 The coaxial mounting of the electromechanical derailleur 10 on the rear axle A means that the B-axis of the derailleur 10 and the rear axle A coincide. In non-coaxially mounted derailleurs, the B-axis of the derailleur is spaced apart from the rear axle A.

[0029] The base element 20 has two axle mounts at its second connection end 29 for the pivot axes for the rotatable mounting of the pivot arms of the pivot mechanism 30. The longitudinal axes of the axle mounts run essentially parallel to the spline planes or intersect the rear wheel axle A at right angles. Regardless of whether the base element 20 is designed as a single piece or in multiple parts, the position of the centering openings in the arms 22a, 22b at the first connection end 21 and the position of the axle mounts at the second connection end 29 are fixed relative to each other. The centering openings of the first connection end 21 can be mounted coaxially with the rear wheel axle A, and the second connection end 29 serves for coupling with the pivot mechanism 30. That is, the Z-axis of the centering opening and the longitudinal axes of the axle mounts for the pivot axes are fixed relative to each other. In other words, they are rigidly configured relative to each other.Unlike in the prior art, there is no articulated connection between a derailleur hanger, which is designed for mounting on the rear wheel axle A, and the base element (B-knuckle), which includes the axle mounts for the pivoting mechanism.

[0030] Figure 3 The figure shows the derailleur in the first locking position (Cage Lock), in which the chain guide assembly 90 is fixed relative to the movable element 40 for removing the rear wheel. For this purpose, the locking element 120 of the locking device 100 engages an edge of the upper cage arm 94 of the outer cage plate 93a between the upper chain guide roller 91 and the pivot axis 41.

[0031] Depending on the bicycle category, the locking device 100 can be locked in the first position or in the second position rotated by 180 degrees in the movable element 40. Figure 3The locking device 100 is shown in the first position (corresponds to bicycle category 1).

[0032] Figure 4 The figure shows the derailleur in the second locking position (Chain Gap Adjust), in which the chain guide assembly 90 is fixed relative to the movable element 40 for adjusting the rear derailleur 10 relative to the multi-sprocket assembly 4. For this purpose, the locking element 120 of the locking device 100 engages an edge of the lower cage arm 95 of the outer cage plate 93a between the lower chain guide pulley 92 and the pivot axis 41 (P-axis). Depending on the bicycle category, the locking device 100 can be inserted into the movable element 40 in the first position or in the second position, rotated 180 degrees. Figure 4 The locking device 100 is shown in the first position (corresponds to bicycle category 1).

[0033] Figure 5 largely corresponds to the representation in Figure 4and also shows the derailleur in the second locking position. However, in this embodiment, the locking device 100 is inserted into the movable element 40 in the second position (corresponding to bicycle category 2). That is, the locking device 100 is, compared to Figure 4 The locking device 100 is arranged rotated by 180 degrees. Due to the eccentric design of the locking device 100, the contact surface 126 of the locking element 120 shifts as a result of the 180-degree rotation to interact with the lower cage arm 95 of the outer cage plate 93a. Consequently, the cage comes into contact with the locking element 120 later, so that the chain guide assembly 90 rotates further backwards about the P-axis 41 due to the damper preload.

[0034] The chain guide assembly 90 is blocked in the second position of the locking device 100 at a different angular position relative to the movable element 40 than in the first position of the locking device 100. Comparing the Figures 4 and 5 This will become visible.

[0035] Figure 6 Figure 1 shows a perspective external view of the movable element 40 with the locking device 100 attached to it. The movable element 40 has an opening in which the locking device 100, consisting of a push bolt 120 and a bolt housing 130, is received and secured. The locking device 100 is shown in a locked position, with the push bolt 120 pressed against the bolt housing 130. The movable element 40 also has two pivot mounts 42a, 42b, in which the pivot axes of the pivoting mechanism 30 (see one of the preceding figures) can be mounted.

[0036] Figure 7Figure 1 shows a sectional view through the movable element 40, more precisely through the receptacle 43 and the locking device 100 arranged therein. The locking device 100 is engaged in the receptacle 43 in the second position. In the second position, the elastic locking lug 134 of the bolt housing 130 rests against the second undercut 44b of the receptacle 43 of the movable element 40. The locking device 100 is in a locked position (active position). This means that the thrust bolt 120 is displaced along the longitudinal axis 121 in the bolt housing 130. For this to occur, the spring force of the spring 150 must be overcome, for example, by manual pressure.

[0037] The pre-tensioned chain guide assembly (not shown here) presses against the contact surface 126 on the thrust bolt 120 and holds it in the active position until the chain guide assembly is manually rotated forward against the damper preload. Then the thrust bolt 130 is released and springs back to its initial or passive position due to the spring preload 150.

[0038] Figure 8 The blocking device 100 shows from the Figure 7Again in the second position, with the locking lug 134 engaging the second undercut 44b. In this illustration, the locking device 100 is not in a locked position, but in a passive position. The push bolt 120 is positioned in its initial position due to the spring force of the spring 150. The axial movement of the push bolt 120 is limited by the retaining ring 140. The retaining ring 140 interacts on one side with the undercut 125 on the push bolt 120 and on the other side with the stop 135 on the bolt housing 130. The retaining ring prevents the push bolt 130 from sliding axially outward out of the housing 130.

[0039] Figure 9 The blocking device 100 shows from the Figure 7 and 8, as it is removed from the movable element 40 in the second position. For this, the elastic detent between the detent lug 134 and the second undercut 44b must be overcome by tensile force. Both the detent lug 134 and the undercut 44b are therefore chamfered. The locking device 100 can be gripped at the projection 132 of the bolt housing 130 and pulled out of the receptacle 43 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 121.

[0040] The projection 132 also serves as an outer axial stop for the push bolt 130. The enlarged diameter pressure end 122 of the push bolt 120 abuts the housing 130 in the active position of the end face of the projection 132.

[0041] Figure 10Figure 1 shows a sectional view through the movable element 40, more precisely through the receptacle 43 and the locking device 100 arranged therein. The locking device 100 is, in this instance, engaged in the receptacle 43 in the first position. In the first position, the elastic locking lug 134 of the bolt housing 130 rests against the second undercut 44a of the receptacle 43 of the movable element 40. Thus, in the first position, the locking device 100 is oriented 180 degrees relative to the position shown in Figure 2. Figures 7 to 9 The second position shown is rotated. The 180° rotation occurs about the longitudinal axis 101 of the locking device 100. The longitudinal axis of the locking device 100 runs parallel to, but offset from, the longitudinal axis 121 of the thrust bolt 120. The thrust bolt 120 is therefore arranged eccentrically in the housing 130. The locking device 100 is shown in a locking position (active position).

[0042] Comparing the 180-degree rotated locking device 100 in Figure 7(second position) and in Figure 10 (First position), it can be seen that the longitudinal axes 121 come to rest at a distance X from each other. This different positioning of the longitudinal axis 121 of the thrust bolt 120 leads to a displacement of the contact surface 126. Accordingly, the chain guide assembly is blocked in a different angular position.

[0043] Figure 11 and 12 largely correspond to the representations in Figure 8 and 9 The difference is that the locking device is inserted into the movable element 40 in the first position, i.e., rotated 180 degrees around the longitudinal axis of the locking device 100. Accordingly, the locking lug 134 is engaged with the first undercut 44a.

[0044] Figure 11 Figure 100 shows the locking device in an unblocked position (passive position).

[0045] Figure 12Figure 1 shows the locking device 100 removed from the receptacle 43. The chamfered elastic locking lug 134 has overcome the chamfered first undercut 44a for removal and is pulled out of the receptacle 43 along its longitudinal axis 101. The longitudinal axis 101 of the locking device 100 also corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the receptacle 43 in the movable element 40. The longitudinal axis 101 runs parallel to and offset from the longitudinal axis 121 of the thrust bolt 120.

[0046] Figure 13Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the locking device 100 in the unblocked position (passive position). The locking element 120 projects axially outwards beyond the bolt housing 130. The pressure end 122 is spaced apart from the stop 132. The bolt housing 130 has elliptical outer diameters of varying sizes. The elastic locking lug 134 is integrally formed with the bolt housing 130. The enlarged diameter 133 serves as a stop on the movable element 40, in particular on the axial outer end face of the receptacle 43 (see Figure 1). Figure 11 ). The enlarged diameter 132 serves as a stop for the printing end 122 and also as an engagement surface to pull the blocking device 100 out of the movable element and handle it.

[0047] Figure 14Figure 1 shows an interior view of the locking device 100. The eccentric orientation of the locking element 120 is clearly visible. Both transverse axes for the locking element 120 and the locking device 100 are shown. The transverse axes intersect at the center and along the longitudinal axis of the components, respectively. The center and longitudinal axis 121 of the locking element 120 are offset from the center and longitudinal axis 101 of the locking device 100. The retaining ring 140 is not fully enclosed and can therefore be clipped onto the thrust bolt 120.

[0048] The Figure 15 Figure 1 shows the corresponding external view of the locking device 100 with the thrust bolt 120 mounted eccentrically in the bolt housing 130. The longitudinal axes 121 and 101 are spaced apart from each other.

[0049] Figure 16 and 17Figure 1 shows a perspective and a side sectional view of the locking device 100 in the passive position. The spring 150 pre-tensions the thrust bolt 120 against the bolt housing 130. The retaining ring 140 limits the pre-tension and is fixed between the projection 125 and the stop 135. The thrust bolt 120 has a pressure surface at its end 122. The enlarged diameter of the locking end 123 engages with the cage plate in the locked position. To prevent the thrust bolt 120 from retracting to its initial position, the diameter of the locking end 123 is larger than that of the contact surface 126. A chamfer lies between them. The cage plate is in frictional contact with the contact surface 126 and the chamfer of the locking end 123. The bolt housing 130 has the locking lug 134 and several diameter-enlarged sections 132 and 133.

[0050] Another aspect of the invention is the simplified assembly and adjustment process of the coaxially mounted rear derailleur 10.

[0051] In the Figures 18 and 19 Two flowcharts explain the individual steps of the processes. Some of these steps are equally applicable to mechanical and electromechanical switching devices.

[0052] During assembly and adjustment, the locking device 100 is also used, which fixes the clockwise pre-tensioned chain guide assembly 90 relative to the movable element 40 in a predetermined rotational position. This predetermined rotational or angular position positions the upper chain guide pulley 91 at an ideal distance (chain gap or B-gap) from a reference sprocket, e.g., on the 7th sprocket of the cassette. To adjust the derailleur 10, it is locked in place using the locking device 100. After adjustment, the lock is released, allowing the chain guide assembly 90 to rotate relative to the movable element 40.

[0053] The following describes the assembly / adjustment steps for switchgear 10, which are generally applicable to both mechanical and electrical switchgear. Figures 1 to 5 can be used. i) The derailleur 10 is pre-assembled on the frame 1 using the base element 20 and the adapter 60. The base element 20 engages the right dropout 2 of the frame 1, and the adapter 60 is inserted into the frame opening and the centering holes of the base element 20 and screwed in place. The adapter 60 is tightened sufficiently so that it remains rotatable on the frame 1 together with the base element 20. After this first assembly step, the adapter 60 and the base element 20 are pre-positioned axially and radially relative to the frame 1, but not yet tightened. The adapter 60 and base element 20 can rotate about axis A relative to the frame 1. ii) The rear wheel with the complete hub assembly is inserted, and a thru-axle is screwed in, but not yet fully tightened. In the untightened state, the derailleur 10 can still rotate about the rear wheel axle A. iii) The adapter 60 is tightened.The bolt is rotated clockwise with the nut relative to the base element 20 until the nut's stops engage the base element 20's counter-stops. Due to these stops, the base element 20 and the entire derailleur 10 are driven along with the bolt as it continues to rotate until the chain 5 is tensioned. In the tensioned position, both the base element 20 and the nut are locked in place, allowing the bolt to screw into the nut's internal thread until the adapter 60 is tightened to the frame 1. Optionally, the locking device 100 can be used. The locking device 100 fixes the chain guide assembly 90, which rotates around the axis P 41, in a specific angular position, thus defining the desired distance between the upper chain pulley 91 and a reference sprocket. For this purpose, the derailleur 10 is placed in a reference gear.Shifting to a reference sprocket, locking the chain guide 90, and rotating the base element 20, along with the entire derailleur 10, backwards around the rear axle A until the ideal chain tension is achieved. iv) In the adjusted position, tighten the thru-axle and release the locking mechanism 100. Tightening the thru-axle clamps the inner arm 21b of the base element 20 between the hub end cap and the adapter 60. This aligns the arm 22b, along with the entire base element 20 and the derailleur 10, orthogonally to the hub end cap and the rear axle A. Any frame tolerances are no longer relevant for this alignment.

[0054] This simple adjustment is only possible due to the coaxial mounting of the derailleur 10 with the axis of rotation A and the resulting constant distance between a reference sprocket and the locked upper chain roller 91. With a non-coaxially mounted derailleur RD, the distance between the upper chain roller and a reference sprocket would change with each rotation around the B-axis of the base element, which is spaced apart from the rear wheel axle A.

[0055] The steps i) to iv) listed above are largely found in the process described in Figure 19 again.

[0056] Figure 18 The flowchart shows the process for determining the bicycle category and chain length. Depending on the bicycle category (Group 1, 2 or 3), the locking device 100 is inserted into the movable element 40 in the first or second position.

[0057] Figure 18This shows an overall view of the flowchart. For better visibility, the flowchart is displayed from the Figure 18 divided into five sections and into the Figures 18A to 18E shown again, enlarged, on five separate pages. Figure 18 The five sections of the flowchart are shown with dashed lines. Figures 18 A to E correspond in content to the in Figure 18 flowchart shown.

[0058] The left branch of the diagram (all data available) represents the case where all required data is available or can be retrieved via the app. Here, the user could scan a QR code or enter a bicycle ID to retrieve the necessary data. Depending on the bicycle model and year, the required chain length can be determined. The bicycle is also assigned to category 1, 2, or 3.

[0059] The right-hand branch (on bike measurement / frame data determined on the bike) is intended for the case where not all required data is available and this data must first be measured manually on the bicycle.

[0060] The following information will therefore be entered automatically or manually: Full suspension or hardtail? For hardtails, only the chainstay length in the extended state (CSL0, no rear suspension) and the chainring / chainring size (CR) are needed to determine the chain length and classify the bicycle into category 1 or 2. The locking device 100 on the derailleur 10 is then positioned according to the assigned bicycle category. The setup process is now complete. Figure 19 On full-suspension bikes, the chainstay lengths are required for the three different spring settings: CSL0, CSLmax, and CSLsag. Selection of the rear spring type and chainring size are also necessary.

[0061] At the end of this adjustment process, the user knows what chain length is necessary and in which position the blocking element 100 is used.

[0062] If three or more categories / groups need to be set in the extended suspension position, the locking element can be moved to a third or further adjustment position. See those versions of the locking element that have three or more adjustment positions. If the locking element only has one or two adjustment positions, it would also be possible to change the reference sprocket and, for example, shift into sixth gear.

[0063] This is followed by the assembly and adjustment process of the derailleur, as described in Figure 19 is shown.

[0064] Figure 19 This again shows the overall view of the flowchart, which is divided into two sections for better visibility and in the Figures 19A to 19Bshown again enlarged on two pages. Figure 19 The two sections of the flowchart are shown with dashed lines. Figures 19 A and B correspond in content to the one in Figure 19 flowchart shown.

[0065] The first step in determining the chain length has already been completed in this case (see Figure 18 Next, the drive unit is mounted on the bicycle and the chain is placed in 12th gear. Then the axle and bolt are loosened and the locking device 100 is moved into the active position (corresponding to steps i) to iii) as explained in detail above). Figure 19 The blocking element 100 is referred to as "adjustlock".

[0066] The setting sequence is then triggered. This can be carried out either directly at the electrical switch 10 (right branch) or with the help of an app (left branch).

[0067] Both adjustment sequences are performed with the derailleur in 7th gear (reference sprocket). The reference sprocket is selected either via the app or by pressing the adjustment button directly on the derailleur. For easier handling, it would be conceivable to visually highlight the reference sprocket. For example, the 7th sprocket or the lock tube below it could be color-coded.

[0068] When the chain is on the reference sprocket, the chain guide or cage is retracted clockwise (in the external view) until the chain is taut and the bolt and axle are tightened (see steps iii) and iv) above).

[0069] The correct distance (B-gap) is then confirmed, and the adjustment is complete. The switch mechanism 10 may also feature an LED that provides visual signals to indicate the correct setting and / or the successful completion of a work step.

[0070] Figure 20 AFigure 1 shows a perspective external view of the switching mechanism 12 with a second embodiment of the locking device 200 in the form of an adjusting ring. The switching mechanism 12 differs from the previous embodiment primarily with regard to the locking device 200. Accordingly, the focus is primarily on the locking device 200. The reference numerals of structurally identical parts are adopted. The adjusting ring 200 is ring-shaped and arranged coaxially with the P-axis 41 on the movable element 240. In particular, the adjusting ring 200 is rotatably mounted on the movable element 240 about the P-axis 41. A locking element 220 is arranged on the adjusting ring 200, which can be moved into the active and passive positions along its longitudinal axis 212. The locking device 200 can be continuously positioned by rotating it about the P-axis 41.Depending on the angular position of the locking device 200, the adjustment position between the locking element 220 and the cage 90 changes. Markings or a detent system could be provided on the P-Knuckle 240 to indicate different positions depending on the bicycle category and to facilitate adjustment.

[0071] Figure 20 B shows an internal view of part of the derailleur 12. Figure 20 AFor better visibility, the cage is not shown here. The adjusting ring 200 almost completely encloses the movable element 240. A receptacle for the locking element 220 is integrated into the adjusting ring 200. In the illustrated embodiment, the adjusting ring 200 is clamp-shaped and open at one point. The two ends 202 of the adjusting ring 200 can be connected with a screw (not shown). The adjusting ring 200, together with the locking element 220, is rotated about the P-axis 41 and brought into the correct adjustment position depending on the bicycle category. In the selected position, the ends 202 of the clamp-shaped adjusting ring 200 are tightened, and the locking device 200 is fixed relative to the movable element 240.

[0072] The locking of the pre-tensioned locking device 200 is carried out according to the first embodiment. The locking device 200 interacts with a stop on the cage 90 and locks it in a predetermined position. The locking element 220 shown is arranged concentrically in the housing. A rotation of the locking element 220 by 180 degrees is unnecessary here because a multitude of positions are possible due to the stepless adjustability.

[0073] Figure 21Figure 1 shows an interior view of the switching mechanism 13 with a third embodiment of the locking device 300. For better visibility, the inner cage plate of the cage is not shown. The embodiment of the locking device 300 shown consists of a counterpart 310 rotatably mounted on the outer cage plate 93a, which interacts with the locking element 320. The counterpart 310 is rotatably mounted on the cage 90 about the axis of rotation 311 and has three recesses 310 a, b, c. The recesses 310 a, b, c allow three different adjustment positions of the cage relative to the movable element 40. The counterpart 310 can be moved into the correct position either with a tool or without tools by rotating it about the axis 311. In the position shown, the locking element 320 engages with the recess 310 c.

[0074] It would also be conceivable to provide the counterpart with two, four or more recesses for a corresponding number of adjustment positions.

[0075] Figure 22Figure 1 shows an interior view of the switching mechanism 14 with a fourth embodiment of the locking device 400, also without the inner cage plate. The locking device 400 consists of an elongated clip 400, which is attached to the outer cage plate 93a, and the locking element 420. The clip 400 is detachably connected to the cage plate 93a; in particular, the clip 400 engages the cage plate 93a. The clip 400 has two ends that extend beyond the edge of the cage plate 93a to different degrees, each with a recess 410a and 410b. The clip 400 can be rotated 180 degrees and attached to the cage plate 93a in two different positions. Depending on its position, the locking element 420 interacts with either the first recess 420a or the second recess 420b. This allows the switching mechanism 14 to be locked in two different positions.

[0076] Figure 23Figure 15 shows a fifth embodiment of the locking device 500. The inner cage plate is hidden. The illustrated embodiment of the locking device 500 consists of a counterpart in the form of a lever 510, rotatably mounted on the outer cage plate 93a, which interacts with the locking element 520. The lever 510 is rotatably mounted on the cage 90 about the axis of rotation 511 and has three recesses 510a, b, c. The recesses 510a, b, c, arranged side by side on the lever 510, allow three different adjustment positions of the cage relative to the movable element 40. The counterpart 510 can be brought into the correct position and fixed either with a tool or without tools by rotating it about the axis 511. In the position shown, the locking element 520 engages with the recess 510c. It would also be conceivable to provide the counterpart with two, four or more recesses for a corresponding number of adjustment positions.

[0077] Figure 24Figure 16 shows a switching mechanism with a sixth embodiment of the locking device 600. The inner cage plate is not shown. The embodiment of the locking device 600 shown consists of a counterpart in the form of a slide 610, which is slidably mounted along the cage plate 93a and interacts with the locking element 620. The slide 610 is slidably mounted along the cage plate 93a and / or has three recesses 610a, b, c. The recesses 610a, b, c, arranged side by side on the slide 610, allow three different adjustment positions of the cage relative to the movable element 40. The slide 610, which is additionally slidable along the cage, allows further adjustment positions. In the position shown, the locking element 620 engages with the uppermost recess 610c. It would also be conceivable to provide the slider with one, two, four or more recesses for a corresponding number of adjustment positions.Stepless adjustment would also be possible with only one recess and a slider 610 that can be moved along the cage.

[0078] The Figures 25 , 26 and 27 Figure 1 shows views of a switching mechanism 17 with a seventh embodiment of the locking device 700 in various positions. Similar to the locking device 100 of the first embodiment, the locking device 700 can be arranged in a first setting position and in a second setting position rotated 180 degrees relative to it. An advantage of the seventh embodiment is that the locking element 720 cannot be lost, since it is not released from the switching mechanism 17 when changing from the first to the second position.

[0079] Figure 25 A Figure 17 shows a perspective interior view of parts of the switching mechanism. The upper part of the switching mechanism, as well as parts of the cage, are not shown for clarity. Figure 25 Bshows a cross-section through the in Figure 25 A The components shown are depicted. The interaction of the stop surfaces 726 and the orientation surfaces 733 can be seen from the sectional view.

[0080] The blocking device 700 is located in the Figures 25 A in the active position and in a first setting position. The locking device 700 comprises the locking element 720, which is received in the movable element 740 and, in the active position, interacts with a counter-stop 710 on the cage.

[0081] The locking element is designed as an eccentric pin 720. The eccentric pin 720 has at least two stop surfaces 726a and 726b, which come into contact with the cage plate 710 in the active position. The stop surfaces 726a and 726b on the pin 720 are arranged at different distances from the central or longitudinal axis 721 of the eccentric pin 720. In this embodiment, the distance of the first stop surface 726a to the eccentric pin axis 721 is approximately 0 mm, and the distance of the second stop surface 726b is approximately 2 mm.

[0082] The stop surfaces 726 a and b on the eccentric pin 720 run parallel to a counter-stop surface 710 on the switchgear cage. The counter-stop surface 710 is located on the lower cage arm of the outer cage plate 793 a. The parallel arrangement of the surfaces 726 and 710 results in a planar stop situation between the switchgear cage and the eccentric pin 720, regardless of the adjustment position of the eccentric pin 720.

[0083] To ensure the correct rotational orientation of the eccentric pin 720 in the movable element 740, cooperating orientation surfaces 733 a, b are provided on the eccentric pin 720 and in the bolt housing 730 that receives the eccentric pin 720. As long as the orientation surfaces 733 a, b are as shown in Figure 25 When engaged, the eccentric pin 720 is rotationally fixed relative to the movable element 740. The axially outwardly biased pin 720 has a projection at its axially inner end, which engages behind the outer cage plate 793a and thus locks it in the active position.

[0084] The Figures 26 A and B show the corresponding views of the switchgear 17 from Figure 25in a transitional position between the first and second positions. In the position shown, the locking element 720 has already been rotated 180 degrees into the second position but is not yet fixed relative to the bolt housing 730 by means of the orientation surfaces 733.

[0085] To change the adjustment position, the derailleur cage is positioned so that the eccentric pin 720 can move freely in the axial direction – i.e., without interacting with the cage. In the illustrated embodiment, the eccentric pin 720 is located in a window of the outer cage plate 793a. The eccentric pin 720 is pressed axially inwards along its longitudinal axis 721 and against the preload, thus out of the bolt housing 730, until the orientation surfaces 733a, b on the eccentric pin 720 and in the bolt housing 730 no longer overlap or are disengaged. The eccentric pin 720 can now be rotated 180 degrees to move into the second adjustment position. In the second adjustment position, the second stop surface 726b faces the counter stop 710. The pin 720 can be rotated with a tool or without tools. The printing end of pin 720 can be equipped with a tool interface 722 for this purpose.When the axial pressure is removed from the eccentric pin 720, it moves back due to the preload, so that the orientation surfaces 733 a and b overlap or engage.

[0086] The second adjustment position of the eccentric pin 720 is in the Figures 27 A and B The pin 720 is rotated 180 degrees compared to the first position, so that the second stop surface 726b interacts with the counter-stop 710 on the cage plate 793a. The projection at the axially inner end of the eccentric pin 720 engages behind the cage plate 793a. From the sectional view in Figure 27 B It is evident that the orientation surfaces 733 a and b overlap, thus rotating the pin 720 within the housing 730. Due to the different distances of the stop surfaces 726 a and b from the longitudinal axis 721 of the pin 720, the cage is locked in a different position relative to the movable element, depending on its position.

[0087] Figure 28Figure 18 shows a switching mechanism 18 with a further embodiment of the locking device 800. The locking device 800 largely corresponds to the preceding embodiment 700. The locking element 820 has (instead of two) three stop surfaces 826 a, b, and c. The three-sided design of the eccentric pin 820 allows three adjustment positions (eccentric triangle). The three stop surfaces 826 a, b, and c are arranged at three different distances from the longitudinal axis of the pin 820. Depending on which stop surface 826 a, b, or c interacts with the counter-stop 810 on the cage plate 893 a, the cage assumes a different adjustment position relative to the movable element 840. The pin 820 is provided at its axially inner end with projections that engage behind the cage plate and thus counteract the axial preload of the pin 820. In the view shown, the first stop surface 826 a with its associated projection is engaged with the counter stop 810.The design of the housing 830 follows the three-sided design of the pin 820. Accordingly, three orientation surfaces are provided on the pin 820 and on the inside of the housing 830. The transition from one position to the next follows the principle of the previous embodiment.

[0088] Alternatively, the orientation surfaces of the two preceding embodiments on the eccentric pin and / or in the housing could be designed to be elastic, e.g., by using correspondingly thin walls, so that the positive locking can be overcome by a suitable torque. In this case, the adjustment position can also be changed without pushing the pin out of the housing. To apply the increased torque, the eccentric pin is preferably provided with a suitable tool interface, for example, an internal hexagon or Torx drive.

[0089] In the Figures 29 A and BParts of a switching mechanism 19 with a ninth embodiment of the locking device 900 are shown in side view and in section. The locking device consists of a locking element 920 and locking openings 926 a and b on the cage plate 993 a. Unlike the previous embodiments, the locking openings 926 a and b are arranged on the upper cage arm between the upper guide roller (not shown) and the P-axis 941. The locking element is designed as a spring-loaded pin 920. The pin 920 is axially biased outwards along its longitudinal axis 921. Preferably, the pin 920 is positioned as far away from the P-axis 941 as possible, since otherwise the centering surfaces 910 of the locking openings 926 could overlap. To achieve a compact design of the switching mechanism 19, the pin 920 is placed within the pivoting mechanism 30.The locking openings 926 a and b on the switchgear cage have conical centering surfaces 910, which correlate with the conical surface 910 on the centering head of the pins 920 - compare the sectional view in . Figure 29 B The spring tension holds the centering head of pin 920 in the selected locking position. Three or more locking positions would also be conceivable, allowing for a corresponding number of adjustment positions.

[0090] Figure 30Figure 1 shows an internal view of a section of the coaxial derailleur 20 with an alternative adjustment device 1000. Here, the outer cage plate 1093a is marked with three markings 1020a, b, and c. Each bicycle category is assigned a marking 1020a, b, or c. To adjust the derailleur 20, a bicycle chain (not shown here) engages with the indicated reference sprocket R and passes through the derailleur in an S-shape. The entire derailleur 20 is rotated backward around the rear wheel axle A (counterclockwise in the internal view) against the chain tension until the selected marking 1020b aligns with the outer circumference of the reference sprocket R. One of the middle sprockets, particularly the 6th or 7th sprocket, is suitable as the reference sprocket R. The number of markings indicates the number of adjustment positions.

[0091] In a non-coaxial derailleur, the adjustment is made by rotating the derailleur not around the rear wheel axis A, but around the B-axis of the base element, which is spaced apart from the rear wheel axis A. In coaxial derailleurs, the rear wheel axis and the B-axis coincide.

[0092] As an alternative to the markings on the cage plate itself, the three or more markings can also be applied to a separate adjustment template.

[0093] The diagram in Figure 31 demonstrates the advantages of setting the derailleur to one of the middle sprockets, e.g., the seventh sprocket or in seventh gear ( gear 7) compared to the setting on the largest or first sprocket ( gear1), as was previously the custom. The chain gap, or B-gap, was measured in first and seventh gear with a deviation D of plus / minus 3 mm. When set in first gear, the chain gap is significantly larger than in seventh gear. Chain gap refers to the distance between the upper and lower graphs of the first and seventh gears, respectively. A small chain gap is equivalent to a constant chain gap and thus to increased accuracy. Modern multi-sprocket setups feature an increasing number of 12 or more sprockets. Furthermore, the larger sprockets have a high number of 50, 52, or more teeth. A constant chain gap across all gears is becoming increasingly important for shifting accuracy due to the growing number of multi-sprocket setups.

Claims

1. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) for a shift arrangement for a bicycle, comprising: - a base element (20) which is attachable to a bicycle frame; - a movable element (40) which is coupled to the base element (20) and is displaceable relative to the latter, - a chain-guide arrangement (90) which is coupled to the movable element (40) and is pivotable about a pivot axle (41) relative to the latter, - a preload device by way of which the chain-guide arrangement (90) is preloaded into a starting position about the pivot axle (41) relative to the movable element (40), wherein the chain-guide arrangement (90), from the initial position, is pivotable about the pivot axle (41) into various operating positions counter to a load force of the preload device, and - at least one blocking apparatus (100) which is intended for blocking the chain-guide arrangement (90) in at least one blocking position, different from the starting position, relative to the movable element (40), wherein the blocking apparatus (100) has a blocking element (120) which is displaceable between a passive position, in which said blocking apparatus releases the chain-guide arrangement (90) relative to the movable element (40), and at least one active position, in which said blocking apparatus holds the chain-guide arrangement (90) in the at least one blocking position, characterized in that the blocking apparatus (100) has a longitudinal axis (101) and the blocking element (120) has a longitudinal axis (121), and the two longitudinal axes (101, 121) are spaced apart from one another and parallel.

2. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chain-guide arrangement (90) has at least one contact element, in particular in the form of an outer cage plate (93a) or an opening in the cage plate (93), which is able to be brought into engagement with the blocking element (120) or interacts with the latter for the purpose of blocking the chain-guide arrangement (90) in the at least one blocking position.

3. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking apparatus (100) is arranged on the movable element (40), in particular is mounted in a receptacle opening (43) of the movable element (40) .

4. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking element (120) is displaceable in the direction of the pivot axle (41) or parallel to the latter.

5. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking element (120) is displaceable between the active position and the passive position along a longitudinal axis (121).

6. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking apparatus (100) furthermore has a pin housing (130) for mounting of the blocking element (120).

7. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking element (120) is preloaded into the passive position, preferably by a spring device (150) .

8. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking element (120) has a longitudinal axis (121) and the pin housing (130) has a housing longitudinal axis (131), and the two longitudinal axes (121, 131) are spaced apart from one another and parallel.

9. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking element (120) is mounted eccentrically in the pin housing (130).

10. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking element (120) is formed by a push pin which is designed with a contact surface (126) by way of which, in the at least one blocking position, said push pin acts, for the purpose of blocking the chain-guide arrangement (90) relative to the movable element (40), in a form-fitting or force-fitting manner on one of said components, in particular at an edge or an opening of the outer cage plate (93a) of the chain-guide arrangement (90) .

11. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in a second blocking position, the blocking element (120) acts on a lower cage arm (95) between a lower chain-guide roll (92) and the pivot axle (41), wherein the second blocking position is assumed for the purpose of setting the rear gearshift mechanism (10) relative to a multi-sprocket arrangement.

12. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the push pin (120) has a pushing surface / pushing end (122) for manual actuation.

13. Rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking apparatus (100), consisting of blocking element (120) and pin housing (130), is mountable on the movable element (40), in particular in a receptacle opening (43) of the movable element (40), in a first position or in a second position.

14. Method for setting a bicycle drive comprising a rear gearshift mechanism (10) according to one of the preceding claims, a multi-sprocket arrangement (4), a front chain wheel and a chain (5), wherein the rear gearshift mechanism (10) is set relative to the multi-sprocket arrangement (4), comprising the following steps: a) determining a bicycle category, b) according to the bicycle category, shifting into a reference sprocket (R), in particular into one of the middle sprockets of the multi-sprocket arrangement (4), so that the chain (5) engages with the reference sprocket (R), c) according to the bicycle category, selecting a setting position and setting the blocking apparatus (100) in a first, second or third position, d) displacing the blocking apparatus (100) into the active position, so that the chain-guide arrangement (90) is fixed relative to the movable element (40), e) rearwardly rotating the gearshift mechanism (10) about the rear-wheel axle (A) until the ideal chain tension is attained.