WALL AND / OR CEILING CLADDING

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a wall and / or ceiling cladding comprising a first composite element made of at least one fiber cement, a second composite element, and a third composite element.

[0002] Such wall and / or ceiling coverings are well known and described in the prior art. Various designs of wall elements for forming partition walls or wall coverings, as well as ceiling elements for forming ceiling coverings, such as suspended ceilings, are known. These commercially available wall and / or ceiling coverings, when used in the interior of buildings, have a decorative surface that must also meet fire protection requirements. According to the prior art, they are connected to the fixed wall and / or ceiling elements by known mechanical connections, such as non-combustible profiles and non-combustible fastening techniques like anchors and screws.

[0003] A disadvantage of these wall and / or ceiling coverings is that this connection method is extremely time-consuming and, due to the required connecting elements, which must comply with all fire protection regulations, extremely expensive.

[0004] For example, DE 202013104664 U1 discloses a cassette-shaped wall and / or ceiling element for fire protection purposes, consisting of a substantially plate-shaped hollow body made of a non-combustible material, providing a closed volume space, wherein the volume space of the hollow body is filled with a fire-resistant compound. The weight, ceiling height, and fire and sound insulation requirements of the wall and / or ceiling element are adjustable via the density of the fire-resistant compound. The fire-resistant compound contains a refrigerant and / or a cooling agent in the event of a fire. The wall and / or ceiling element consists of a substantially plate-shaped hollow body made of a non-combustible material, in this case stainless steel, providing a closed cavity.The hollow body of the wall and / or ceiling element can consist of two essentially trough-shaped elements which are placed on top of each other or inside each other to form the hollow body, with the elements being connected to each other by welding or gluing.

[0005] A disadvantage of this wall and / or ceiling element is that its manufacturing and material costs are very high.

[0006] A further disadvantage of this wall and / or ceiling element is that, although the essentially plate-shaped hollow body is made of a non-combustible material, the use of stainless steel makes it unsuitable for fire protection purposes, especially when used as intended as a wall and / or ceiling element, since the stainless steel of the hollow body is a very good heat conductor, which contradicts the goal of fire protection.

[0007] US Patent 2004 / 0163757 A1 further discloses a construction material arrangement comprising a fiber-reinforced substrate with an outer surface in which the outer surface includes hydroxyl-functional groups, a fluorocarbon film with a bonding surface, and a first adhesive layer arranged between the outer surface of the substrate and the bonding surface of the fluorocarbon film such that a bond is formed between them, wherein the adhesive is an isocyanate compound, wherein the isocyanate compound wets the bonding surface of the fluorocarbon film and forms a physical bond with the film, and wherein the adhesive further comprises a catalyst that catalyzes a reaction between the isocyanate compound and the hydroxyl-functional groups in the substrate in order to form a chemical bond between the isocyanate compound and the hydroxyl-functional groups.A wall and / or ceiling covering according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from the aforementioned document.

[0008] German patent DE 2310912 A discloses a method for manufacturing panel cladding using a slow-setting, high-strength sealant as a fastening agent, wherein the sealant is applied to the panels or their substrate alternately with a pressure-sensitive adhesive, whereupon the panels are pressed onto the substrate. A lath frame is used as the substrate. The pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied in the form of a double-sided adhesive tape.

[0009] Furthermore, US 2013 / 0284355 A1 discloses a device for peeling and laying tiles, configured for installation on a prepared substrate, the device comprising a tile body; a bottom surface of the tile body providing a contact adhesive arrangement for attaching the tile body to the substrate, the contact adhesive arrangement being positioned and configured to form a circumferential seal around the circumference of the bottom surface of the tile body when attached to the substrate; and a removable release liner positioned over the contact adhesive arrangement substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the tile body and configured to be removable when the device is to be installed on the substrate;The perimeter seal, when the tile body is attached to the substrate, forms a connection that essentially prevents liquid or contaminants from penetrating between the underside of the tile body and the substrate or from interfering with the installation. The contact adhesive assembly consists of a pressure-sensitive hot melt adhesive. The release liner is a silicone-coated material.

[0010] This is where the invention comes in, which aims to demonstrate a wall and / or ceiling covering that overcomes these disadvantages of the prior art, is economical and cost-effective to manufacture, is easy and quick to install, and still easily meets all the requirements of the required fire protection.

[0011] Surprisingly, it has turned out that a wall and / or ceiling covering includes: a first composite element made of at least one fiber cement with a mean modulus of elasticity of at least 10,000 MPa measured according to EN12467: 2012+A2:2018, a thermal expansion of about 0.01 mm / mK according to ASTM E228-95: wherein the first composite element has a total thickness of at least 2 mm and the material of the first composite element has a fire behavior of A2-s1, d0 according to DIN EN 13501-1: 2018, at a bulk density of about 1,800 kg / m³; a second composite element comprising at least one solvent-free, inorganic, one-component system based on water glass containing sodium or potassium or lithium silicates, with a bulk density of about 1.700 kg / m 3< , wherein the second composite element 20 with an application quantity of about 1 to 10 kg / m 2< , preferably about 1.5 to 5 kg / m 2< is arranged on at least one side of the first composite element, and has a fire behavior of A1 according to DIN EN 13501-1: 2018, comprising a third composite element comprising at least a neutral crosslinking one-component system based on silane-modified polymers with a bulk density of about 1.600 kg / m³, wherein the third composite element, with an application rate of approximately 10 to 70 g / m², preferably approximately 20 to 60 g / m², is arranged on at least one side of the first composite element, and has a Shore A hardness of approximately 25 to 90, preferably 35 to 75 according to DIN EN ISO 868:2003-10, that the second and third composite elements are arranged at least partially adjacent to each other, and that the wall and / or ceiling cladding has a total thickness of at least 4 mm and a fire behavior of A2-s1, d0 according to DIN EN 13501-1: Edition 2019-05. This makes it possible for the first time to quickly and efficiently fix a decorative wall and / or ceiling element directly to solid, non-combustible walls in interior spaces.Furthermore, it has proven advantageous that the combination of two adhesive systems designed as composite elements allows for rapid, on-site fixing and, after curing of both adhesive systems, permanent fixing to solid, non-combustible walls or ceilings, without compromising fire protection requirements. A further advantage of a wall and / or ceiling cladding according to the invention is that the installation time is significantly reduced and that no additional, expensive fasteners or profiles conforming to fire protection standards are required.A further advantage of the wall and / or ceiling cladding according to the invention is that, by combining the mineral fiber composite panel with the adhesive systems, which also function as composite elements, it is possible to compensate for existing unevenness or defects in walls or ceilings. Furthermore, the overall weight of the wall and / or ceiling cladding according to the invention is very low, which drastically reduces both the installation time and effort. With the wall and / or ceiling cladding according to the invention, it is thus possible for the first time to construct escape routes or similar structures in a cost-effective manner.To clad rooms in buildings with increased fire protection requirements, such as public buildings, administrative offices, airports, department stores, and the like, economically and cost-effectively, while for the first time offering decorative options and variety through individual covering layers that do not impair fire protection properties.

[0012] Another advantage of this wall and / or ceiling cladding is that, with a surface weight of approximately 5 to 12 kg / m², preferably 6 to 10 kg / m², it exhibits a maximum heat of combustion of 3.0 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10. This allows for the provision of wall and / or ceiling cladding that is not only quick and easy to install on walls or ceilings, but also meets high fire protection requirements for interior buildings.

[0013] In a further advantageous embodiment of the wall and / or ceiling cladding, the first composite element has a maximum heat of combustion of 2.70 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10, with a surface weight of approximately 5 to 30 kg / m², preferably 6 to 20 kg / m².

[0014] A further advantage of the wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the second composite element has a combustion heat of a maximum of 0.25 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10, with a surface weight of approximately 2kg / m².

[0015] A further advantage of the wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the third composite element, with a surface weight of approximately 0.06 kg / m², has a maximum heat of combustion of 13.5 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10. This makes it possible, particularly for the wall and / or ceiling cladding according to the invention, to achieve classification in terms of its fire behavior and calorific value as class A2, in terms of smoke development as class s1, and in terms of imprint behavior as class d0, thanks to the clever combination of the mineral water composite panel designed as a composite element with the adhesive systems also designed as composite elements.

[0016] Thus, the wall and / or ceiling cladding according to the invention can have a classification of A2-s1, d0 according to DIN EN 13.5.2001-1:2019-05.

[0017] Another advantage of wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the first composite element consists of: 57 to 78 wt% cement, 1 to 5 wt% cellulose, 1 to 4 wt% polyethylene fibrids, 1 to 3 wt% polyvinyl alcohol fibers, 5 to 11 wt% microsilica / limestone flour, 0.5 to 4 wt% pigments, 0.5 to 3 wt% acrylate for coating, 13 to 17 wt% water (chemically bound and free water).

[0018] This makes it possible to produce the first composite element of the wall and / or ceiling cladding both cost-effectively and economically, as well as to meet the required fire protection requirements.

[0019] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous for wall and / or ceiling cladding that the second composite element is arranged across its entire surface on at least one side of the first composite element. This allows for a quick and optimal combination of the two composite elements, so that the wall and / or ceiling cladding according to the invention can be installed or fixed quickly and efficiently on-site in the interior of buildings.

[0020] In a further, equally advantageous embodiment of the wall and / or ceiling cladding, the second composite element is arranged horizontally in adjacent beads of adhesive on at least one side of the first composite element. This allows for an optimal arrangement of the second composite element on the first composite element and, when the wall and / or ceiling cladding is used as intended on solid, non-combustible walls, ensures that any potential exposure to flames or fires does not result in any impairment or smoke development.

[0021] A further advantage of this wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the second composite element is arranged horizontally in adhesive beads spaced at least a certain distance apart on at least one side of the first composite element. This advantageously results in a cost-effective wall and / or ceiling cladding which, when used as intended on solid, non-combustible walls, compensates for existing unevenness in walls or ceilings while still ensuring precise fire-resistant fixing.

[0022] One advantage of the wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the third composite element is arranged horizontally in at least one adhesive bead at least one distance between spaced adhesive beads of the second composite element, on at least one side of the first composite element.

[0023] A further advantage of wall and / or ceiling cladding has been found to be that the third composite element is arranged horizontally in at least one bead of adhesive, enclosed by the second composite element, on at least one side of the first composite element.

[0024] Another advantage of the wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the third composite element is arranged horizontally in at least one bead of adhesive, spaced apart from the second composite element, on at least one side of the first composite element. This advantageous design of the wall and / or ceiling cladding allows for extremely fast installation on solid, non-combustible walls, since, in particular, the non-toxic, one-component system based on silane-modified polymers, which forms the third composite element, provides pre-fixation of the wall and / or ceiling cladding to the non-combustible walls or ceilings, and the solvent-free, inorganic, one-component system based on water glass containing sodium, potassium, or lithium silicates, which forms the second composite element, leads to a fire-resistant final fixation.

[0025] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is advantageously further designed such that the first composite element has at least one top layer with a thickness of approximately 10 to 100 µm, preferably 20 to 50 µm, on its side opposite the second composite element. This makes it possible to provide wall and / or ceiling claddings that have a fire protection classification of A2-s1, d0 and that can be decoratively and cost-effectively adapted to the corresponding requirements for the interiors of buildings.

[0026] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous for wall and / or ceiling cladding that a first top layer of the first composite element is designed as a decorative layer.

[0027] However, it is also within the scope of the invention that, in the case of wall and / or ceiling cladding, the first top layer of the first composite element, which is designed as a decorative layer, has a further, second top layer, which is designed, for example, as a protective varnish.

[0028] A further advantage of this wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the second composite element is spaced apart from the first composite element by at least one intermediate layer. This advantageous design of the wall and / or ceiling cladding can, for example, incorporate an intermediate layer designed as an adhesion promoter, which achieves an even better bond between the first and second composite elements.

[0029] The invention will now be described in more detail using these non-restrictive embodiments.

[0030] They show: Figure 1: perspective view of the front of a wall and / or ceiling covering Figure 2 : perspective view of the back of a wall and / or ceiling covering Figure 3 : perspective view of the back of another wall and / or ceiling covering

[0031] In the Figure 1 The front of a wall and / or ceiling covering is shown.

[0032] The wall and / or ceiling cladding includes: a first composite element 10 made of at least one fiber cement with a mean modulus of elasticity of at least 10,000 MPa measured according to EN12467: 2012+A2:2018, a thermal expansion of about 0.01 mm / mK according to ASTM E228-95: wherein the first composite element 10 has a total thickness of at least 2 mm and the material of the first composite element 10 has a fire behavior of A2-s1, d0 according to DIN EN 13501-1: 2018 at a bulk density of about 1,800 kg / m³<, a second composite element 20 comprising at least one solvent-free, inorganic one-component system based on water glass containing sodium or potassium or lithium silicates, a bulk density of about 1.700 kg / m 3< , wherein the second composite element 20 with an application quantity of about 1 to 10 kg / m 2< , preferably about 1.5 to 5 kg / m 2< is arranged on at least one side of the first composite element 10, and has a fire behavior of A1 according to DIN EN 13501-1: 2018, comprising a third composite element 30 comprising at least a neutral crosslinking one-component system based on silane-modified polymers with a bulk density of about 1.600 kg / m³, wherein the third composite element 30, with an application rate of approximately 10 to 70 g / m², preferably approximately 20 to 60 g / m², is arranged on at least one side of the first composite element 10, and has a Shore A hardness of approximately 25 to 90, preferably 35 to 75, according to DIN EN ISO 868:2003-10, wherein the second composite element 20 and the third composite element 30 are arranged at least partially adjacent to each other, and wherein the wall and / or ceiling cladding has a total thickness of at least 4 mm and a fire behavior of A2-s1, d0 according to DIN EN 13501-1: Edition 2019-05.

[0033] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is further characterized by the fact that, with a surface weight of approximately 5 to 12 kg / m², preferably 6 to 10 kg / m², it has a combustion heat of a maximum of 3.0 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716: 2018-10.

[0034] A further advantage for wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the first composite element, with a surface weight of approximately 5 to 30 kg / m², preferably 6 to 20 kg / m², has a combustion heat of a maximum of 2.70 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10.

[0035] Another advantage for wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the second composite element 20 has a combustion heat of a maximum of 0.25 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10, with a surface weight of approximately 2 kg / m².

[0036] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is advantageously designed such that the third composite element 30 has a combustion heat of a maximum of 13.5 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10, with a surface weight of approximately 0.06 kg / m².

[0037] In this embodiment, the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that the second composite element 20 is arranged over its entire surface on at least one side of the first composite element 10.

[0038] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that the first composite element 10 has at least one cover layer 60,70 with a thickness of about 10 to 100 µm, preferably 20 to 50 µm, on its side opposite the second composite element 20, and in this embodiment about 30 µm.

[0039] In this process, a first cover layer 60 of the first composite element 10 is designed as a decorative layer, which can be applied, for example, by a decorative digital print.

[0040] A second top layer 70, which is applied over the entire surface of the first top layer 60, is designed as a lacquer layer and is intended to ensure the scratch and chemical resistance, the gloss level, and the UV protection of the wall and / or ceiling covering.

[0041] In the Figure 2 The image shows a perspective view of the back of a wall and / or ceiling covering.

[0042] The wall and / or ceiling cladding includes: a first composite element 10 made of at least one fiber cement with a mean modulus of elasticity of at least 10,000 MPa measured according to EN12467: 2012+A2:2018, a thermal expansion of about 0.01 mm / mK according to ASTM E228-95: wherein the first composite element 10 has a total thickness of at least 2 mm and the material of the first composite element 10 has a fire behavior of A2-s1, d0 according to DIN EN 13501-1: 2018 at a bulk density of about 1,800 kg / m³<, a second composite element 20 comprising at least one solvent-free, inorganic one-component system based on water glass containing sodium or potassium or lithium silicates, a bulk density of about 1.700 kg / m 3< , wherein the second composite element 20 with an application quantity of about 1 to 10 kg / m 2< , preferably about 1.5 to 5 kg / m 2< is arranged on at least one side of the first composite element 10, and has a fire behavior of A1 according to DIN EN 13501-1: 2018, comprising a third composite element 30 comprising at least a neutral crosslinking one-component system based on silane-modified polymers with a bulk density of about 1.600 kg / m³, wherein the third composite element 30, with an application rate of approximately 10 to 70 g / m², preferably approximately 20 to 60 g / m², is arranged on at least one side of the first composite element 10, and has a Shore A hardness of approximately 25 to 90, preferably 35 to 75, according to DIN EN ISO 868:2003-10, wherein the second composite element 20 and the third composite element 30 are arranged at least partially adjacent to each other, and wherein the wall and / or ceiling cladding has a total thickness of at least 4 mm and a fire behavior of A2-s1, d0 according to DIN EN 13501-1: Edition 2019-05.

[0043] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is further characterized by the fact that, with a surface weight of approximately 5 to 12 kg / m², preferably 6 to 10 kg / m², it has a combustion heat of a maximum of 3.0 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716: 2018-10.

[0044] A further advantage for wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the first composite element 10, with a surface weight of approximately 5 to 30 kg / m², preferably 6 to 20 kg / m², has a heat of combustion of a maximum of 2.70 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10.

[0045] Another advantage for wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the second composite element 20 has a combustion heat of a maximum of 0.25 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10, with a surface weight of approximately 2 kg / m².

[0046] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is advantageously designed such that the third composite element 30 has a combustion heat of a maximum of 13.5 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10, with a surface weight of approximately 0.06 kg / m².

[0047] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that the second composite element 20 is arranged horizontally in adhesive beads 21, arranged side by side, on at least one side of the first composite element 10. In this embodiment, the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that the second composite element 20 is arranged horizontally in adhesive beads 21, spaced apart from each other by at least a distance 22, on at least one side of the first composite element 10.

[0048] Furthermore, the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that the third composite element 30 is arranged horizontally in at least one adhesive bead 21 at a distance 22 between adhesive bead 21 of the second composite element 20 arranged at a distance from each other, on at least one side of the first composite element 10.

[0049] Furthermore, the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that the third composite element 30 is arranged horizontally in at least one bead of adhesive 21 on at least one side of the first composite element 10. In this embodiment, the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that the third composite element 30 is arranged horizontally in at least one bead of adhesive 21, enclosed by the second composite element 20, on at least one side of the first composite element 10.

[0050] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is also designed such that the third composite element 30 is arranged horizontally in at least one adhesive bead 21, spaced apart from another adhesive bead 21 by at least a distance 22, on at least one side of the first composite element 10.

[0051] The third composite element 30 is a neutral crosslinking one-component system based on silane-modified polymers with a bulk density of approximately 1,600 kg / m³.

[0052] In this embodiment, the third composite element 30 is arranged as an adhesive bead with an application quantity of approximately 30 g / m² on at least one side of the first composite element 10.

[0053] The third composite element 30 is arranged parallel to the horizontally arranged second composite element 20.

[0054] When the wall and / or ceiling cladding is used as intended, the third composite element 30 is arranged approximately in the upper third of the first composite element 10.

[0055] In this embodiment, the second composite element 20 and the third composite element 30 are spaced apart from the first composite element 10 by at least one intermediate layer 80.

[0056] The intermediate layer 80 is designed as a primer, consisting of a polyurethane material base, and serves to improve the bonding / adhesion of the second composite element 20 and the third composite element 30 to the first composite element 10. Furthermore, the intermediate layer 80 is designed to act as a moisture barrier.

[0057] The first composite element 10 of the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that it has at least one cover layer 60 with a thickness of about 10 to 100 µm, preferably 20 to 50 µm, in this embodiment about 45 µm, on its side opposite the second composite element 20.

[0058] The top layer 60 is designed such that it is spaced apart from the first composite element 10 via an intermediate layer not shown here, which is designed as a primer.

[0059] The top layer 60 of the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed as a decorative layer, in this embodiment as a decorative digital print layer on a background print which is designed as a glaze.

[0060] In the Figure 3 The perspective view of the back of another wall and / or ceiling covering is shown.

[0061] The wall and / or ceiling cladding includes: a first composite element 10 made of at least one fiber cement with a mean modulus of elasticity of at least 10,000 MPa measured according to EN12467: 2012+A2:2018, a thermal expansion of about 0.01 mm / mK according to ASTM E228-95: wherein the first composite element 10 has a total thickness of at least 2 mm and the material of the first composite element 10 has a fire behavior of A2-s1, d0 according to DIN EN 13501-1: 2018 at a bulk density of about 1,800 kg / m³<, a second composite element 20 comprising at least one solvent-free, inorganic one-component system based on water glass containing sodium or potassium or lithium silicates, a bulk density of about 1.700 kg / m 3< , wherein the second composite element 20 with an application quantity of about 1 to 10 kg / m 2< , preferably about 1.5 to 5 kg / m 2< is arranged on at least one side of the first composite element 10, and has a fire behavior of A1 according to DIN EN 13501-1: 2018, comprising a third composite element 30 comprising at least a neutral crosslinking one-component system based on silane-modified polymers with a bulk density of about 1.600 kg / m³, wherein the third composite element 30, with an application rate of approximately 10 to 70 g / m², preferably approximately 20 to 60 g / m², is arranged on at least one side of the first composite element 10, and has a Shore A hardness of approximately 25 to 90, preferably 35 to 75, according to DIN EN ISO 868:2003-10, wherein the second composite element 20 and the third composite element 30 are arranged at least partially adjacent to each other and spaced apart, and wherein the wall and / or ceiling cladding has a total thickness of at least 4 mm and a fire behavior of A2-s1, d0 according to DIN EN 13501-1: Edition 2019-05.

[0062] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is further characterized by the fact that, with a surface weight of approximately 5 to 12 kg / m², preferably 6 to 10 kg / m², it has a combustion heat of a maximum of 3.0 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716: 2018-10.

[0063] A further advantage for wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the first composite element 10, with a surface weight of approximately 5 to 30 kg / m², preferably 6 to 20 kg / m², has a heat of combustion of a maximum of 2.70 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10.

[0064] Another advantage for wall and / or ceiling cladding is that the second composite element 20 has a combustion heat of a maximum of 0.25 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10, with a surface weight of approximately 2 kg / m².

[0065] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is advantageously designed such that the third composite element 30 has a combustion heat of a maximum of 13.5 MJ / kg according to DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10, with a surface weight of approximately 0.06 kg / m².

[0066] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that the second composite element 20 is arranged horizontally in adhesive beads 21, arranged side by side, on at least one side of the first composite element 10. In this embodiment, the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that the second composite element 20 is arranged horizontally in adhesive beads 21, spaced apart from each other by at least a distance 22, on at least one side of the first composite element 10.

[0067] Furthermore, the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that the third composite element 30 is arranged horizontally at least one distance between spaced adhesive beads 21 of the second composite element 20, on at least one side of the first composite element 10.

[0068] Furthermore, the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that the third composite element 30 is arranged horizontally on at least one side of the first composite element 10.

[0069] The wall and / or ceiling cladding is also designed such that the third composite element 30 is arranged horizontally on at least one side of the first composite element 10, spaced at least a distance 22 from at least one further adhesive bead 21.

[0070] The third composite element 30 is a neutral crosslinking one-component system based on silane-modified polymers with a bulk density of approximately 1,600 kg / m³.

[0071] In this embodiment, the third composite element 30 is arranged as an adhesive bead with an application quantity of approximately 30 g / m² on at least one side of the first composite element 10.

[0072] The third composite element 30 is arranged parallel to the horizontally arranged second composite element 20.

[0073] When the wall and / or ceiling cladding is used as intended, the third composite element 30 is arranged approximately in the upper third of the first composite element 10.

[0074] In this embodiment, the second composite element 20 and the third composite element 30 are spaced apart from the first composite element 10 by at least one intermediate layer 80.

[0075] The intermediate layer 80 is designed as a primer, consisting of a polyurethane material base, and serves to improve the bonding / adhesion of the second composite element 20 and the third composite element 30 to the first composite element 10. Furthermore, the intermediate layer 80 is designed to act as a moisture barrier.

[0076] The first composite element 10 of the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed such that it has at least one cover layer 60 with a thickness of about 10 to 100 µm, preferably 20 to 50 µm, in this embodiment about 45 µm, on its side opposite the second composite element 20.

[0077] The top layer 60 is designed such that it is spaced apart from the first composite element 10 via an intermediate layer not shown here, which is designed as a primer.

[0078] The top layer 60 of the wall and / or ceiling cladding is designed as a decorative layer, in this embodiment as a decorative digital print layer on a background print which is designed as a glaze.

Claims

1. Wall and / or ceiling covering, comprising: a first composite element (10) made of at least one fibre cement and a second composite element (20), characterised in that the first composite element (10) has - an average modulus of elasticity of at least 10,000 MPa measured in accordance with EN 12467:2012+A2:2018, - a thermal expansion of approximately 0.01 mm / mK in accordance with ASTM E228-95, and - an overall thickness of at least 2 mm, and the material of the first composite element (10) has a fire rating of A2-s1, d0 in accordance with DIN EN 13501-1:2018 with a gross density of approximately 1,800 kg / m3, and the second composite element (20) has - at least one solvent-free, inorganic one-component system based on water glass containing sodium or potassium or lithium silicates and - a gross density of approximately 1,700 kg / m3, - wherein the second composite element (20) with an application quantity of approximately 1 to 10 kg / m2, preferably approximately 1.5 to 5 kg / m2 is arranged on at least one side of the first composite element (10), - and has a fire rating of A1 in accordance with DIN EN 13501-1:2018, and in that the wall or ceiling covering has a third composite element (30), wherein the third composite element (30) has - at least one neutrally cross-linking one-component system based on silane-modified polymers with a gross density of approximately 1,600 kg / m3, - wherein the third composite element (30) with an application quantity of approximately 10 to 70 g / m2, preferably approximately 20 to 60 g / m2 is arranged on at least one side of the first composite element (10), - and has a Shore A hardness of approximately 25 to 90, preferably 35 to 75 in accordance with DIN EN ISO 868:2003-10, in that the second composite element (20) and the third composite element (30) are arranged at least partially next to each other, in that the wall and / or flooring covering has an overall thickness of at least 4 mm and a fire rating of A2-s1, d0 in accordance with DIN EN 13501-1:2019-05 edition.

2. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to claim 1, characterised in that the wall and / or ceiling covering has a maximum combustion heat of 3.0 MJ / kg in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10 with a grammage of approximately 5 to 12 kg / m2, preferably 6 to 10 kg / m2.

3. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first composite element (10) has a maximum combustion heat of 2.70 MJ / kg in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10 with a grammage of approximately 5 to 30 kg / m2, preferably 6 to 20 kg / m2.

4. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second composite element (20) has a maximum combustion heat of 0.25 MJ / kg in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10 with a grammage of approximately 2 kg / m2.

5. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the third composite element (30) has a maximum combustion heat of 13.5 MJ / kg in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1716:2018-10 with a grammage of approximately 0.06 kg / m2.

6. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first composite element (10) consists of: - 57 to 78% cement by mass, - 1 to 5% cellulose by mass, - 1 to 4% polyethylene fibrides by mass, - 1 to 3% polyvinyl alcohol fibres by mass, - 5 to 11% microsilica / limestone powder by mass, - 0.5 to 4% pigment by mass, - 0.5 to 3% acrylate for the coating by mass, - 13 to 17% water by mass (chemically bonded and free water).

7. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second composite element (20) is fully arranged on at least one side of the first composite element (10).

8. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second composite element (20) is arranged horizontally in adhesive beads (21) arranged next to one another on at least one side of the first composite element (10).

9. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second composite element (20) is arranged horizontally in adhesive beads (21) spaced apart from one another by at least one distance (22) on at least one side of the first composite element (10).

10. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the third composite element (30) is arranged horizontally in at least one adhesive bead, at least partially enclosed by the second composite element (20), on at least one side of the first composite element (10).

11. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the third composite element (30) is arranged in at least one adhesive bead, at least partially spaced apart from the second composite element (20), on at least one side of the first composite element (10).

12. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first composite element (10) has at least one cover layer (60, 70) with a thickness of approximately 10 to 100 µm, preferably 20 to 50 µm, on its side opposite the second composite element (20).

13. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to claim 12, characterised in that the first cover layer (60) of the first composite element (10) is designed as a decorative layer.

14. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second composite element (20) is arranged over at least one intermediate layer (80) spaced apart from the first composite element (10).

15. Wall and / or ceiling covering according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first composite element (10) is arranged over at least one intermediate layer (80) spaced apart from at least one cover layer (60, 70).