WASHER AND SCREW CONNECTION SYSTEM

Description

[0001] Embodiments of the present invention relate to a screw connection system with a washer and the washer itself. Further embodiments relate to a method for producing a screw connection using a screw connection system and / or a washer.

[0002] DE 10 2010 / 001 144 A1 already discloses a screw connection system with a washer that features a force measurement feature. The force measurement can be performed, for example, by a type of sensor layer or sensor disc. A relevant force to be sensed is the tensile force introduced into the connecting element by the torque. This force is generally only measured during tightening, e.g., using a torque wrench. However, the sensor disc explained here makes it possible to monitor the force while installed in a structure or similar. However, the problem is that when torque is applied by tightening the screw, shearing movements often occur in the area of the sensor disc or the sensor layer applied to the sensor disc, which can damage the sensor disc. Therefore, there is a need for an improved approach.

[0003] US 5991676 A describes a force sensor in the form of a disk. A sensor layer system is arranged between two metallic layers. Rotation between the metallic layers is prevented by pins from one metallic layer fitting into complementary openings in the other metallic layer. DE 19854062 C1 describes a device and method for determining and recording preload in screw connections. US 2013 / 139604 A1 explains transmitting stations in connection with force sensors. Furthermore, reference should be made to DE 102005059938 A1, US 6378384 B1, and CN 111271359 A, which constitute further prior art.

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a connection system with sensor functionality that is optimized with regard to durability and ergonomics, in particular ergonomics during installation.

[0005] The problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. Aspect washer

[0006] Embodiments of the present invention provide a washer with a carrier element, one or more counter elements, and a sensor layer or a sensory layer system arranged between the carrier element and the counter element. The sensor layer element is designed to output a sensor signal based on a force prevailing between the carrier element and counter element along a screw axis or a prevailing compressive force or vibration. The carrier element and the counter element are arranged along the screw axis, wherein the carrier element has a geometry that can be brought into engagement with a geometry of the counter element in order to limit or prevent rotation between the carrier element and the counter element, in particular rotation between the carrier element and the counter element about the screw axis.According to embodiments, the carrier element and the counter element can form a type of positive connection for this purpose. Examples of such a positive connection would be that the geometry of the carrier element has a radial inner contour, such as a tooth shape, multi-tooth shape or hexagon shape. According to embodiments, the geometry of the counter element could then form a radial outer contour, such as a tooth shape, multi-tooth shape or hexagon shape. In this case, it is advantageous (but not mandatory) if the inner contour and the outer contour are adapted to one another so that the inner contour, for example, fits into the outer contour and can then execute a lateral movement along the screw axis, whereby the rotational movement around the screw axis is then limited.

[0007] At this point, it should be noted that, according to embodiments, the screw axis is referred to as a screw axis because a screw can protrude through the washer, defining the screw axis. For example, the screw axis is identical to or parallel to the axis associated with the bore of the washer. Thus, according to embodiments, the washer can have a hole and / or represent a rotary element that has a hole (in the center).

[0008] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention are based on the finding that by using a carrier element and one or more counter elements with intermediate sensor layer systems, it is possible to protect the intermediate sensor layer system. This is achieved firstly by preventing any other components, such as the screw, from coming into contact with the intermediate sensor layer system, thus precluding damage to the latter. Secondly, shearing or superficial damage to the sensor layer system during tightening is prevented by limiting the rotation between the carrier element and the counter element. In this respect, embodiments of the present invention advantageously create a sensor layer system in which monitoring of physical parameters, such as a force, is possible and the sensor layer is protected at the same time.This increases reliability and service life and, in particular, ergonomics when putting on.

[0009] According to embodiments, the carrier element has a recess with the geometry of the carrier element as a radial inner geometry, wherein the counter element has a radial outer geometry corresponding to the geometry of the carrier element. In this case, the counter element can be inserted into the recess of the carrier element. According to embodiments, the counter element can also be embedded in the recess. With regard to the sizes, it should be noted that the radial size of the recess is at least as large as, but preferably minimally larger than, the radial extent of the outer geometry of the counter element. According to embodiments, a hexagon shape and / or a wrench size is suitable for the outer geometry. This creates one or more defined contact surfaces for radial engagement between the carrier element and the counter element, so that rotation between these elements can be effectively prevented.

[0010] According to embodiments, the counter element can also be designed in several parts.

[0011] According to further embodiments, the sensor layer or the sensory layer system is arranged on a separate carrier which is embedded between the carrier element and the counter element. According to embodiments, the carrier element and / or the counter element has one or more defined contact surfaces (contact in the axial direction), such as elevations (with a reduced surface area) on one of the main surfaces. These serve as contact surfaces to the sensor layer or the sensory layer system. Overall, the contact surfaces reduce the axial force-transmitting surface (compared to the entire projection surface of the component) and are thus advantageously precisely defined.

[0012] According to further embodiments, the sensory layer system is designed to output temperature signals based on a prevailing temperature and / or to output a vibration signal (vibration signal describing the vibration) based on a prevailing vibration. Aspect screw connection system

[0013] According to further embodiments, the washer can be combined with a screw, in particular a DIN screw / conventional screw. This means that an embodiment of the further aspect creates a screw connection system with a screw element, in particular a screw, a nut, a bolt, a conventional screw, a DIN screw, a DIN nut, or an (external) hexagon screw, which is combined with the washer. The screw element protrudes along a screw axis through the washer / bore of the washer.

[0014] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention are therefore based on the finding that the use of a conventional DIN screw, or generally a conventional screw, in conjunction with a washer advantageously creates a sensor system. This has the advantage that a force, such as the tightening force or the force during fastening, can be monitored. The advantages explained above greatly simplify installation and, at the same time, allow the use of cost-effective components. Aspect screw connection system with additional module

[0015] According to further embodiments, the connection system has an additional module that can be screwed, screwed on, attached, plugged on, and / or clamped onto the screw element and has integrated electronics or integrated electronics with evaluation electronics. The electronics can, for example, have evaluation electronics for the sensory layer stack of the washer and a corresponding power supply for the sensory layer stack and / or a radio module for transmitting the measurement data externally. According to further embodiments, an energy harvester can also be present in the additional module. According to embodiments, the sensory layer stack is connected to the electronics or the evaluation electronics of the additional module via a cable. This cable can run either via a contact connection on the side of the screw head or via a cable loop. Aspect screw connection system with additional module for plugging on

[0016] According to embodiments, the additional module can be plugged onto the screw head of the screw, i.e., it is larger than the screw and projects laterally along the screw head. For example, the additional module can have a recess for the head of the screw element, which is, for example, as deep as the screw head or even deeper than the screw head. This recess then enables the additional module to be brought into contact with the washer, according to embodiments. According to further embodiments, the additional module has a further recess, e.g., on a main surface opposite the main surface on which the recess for the screw head is provided. The electronics / integrated evaluation electronics can be integrated into this further recess. An energy harvester (solar harvester or thermocouple harvester) can also be provided here.

[0017] According to embodiments, the additional module is to be understood as a type of cap for the screw head or the screw element, i.e. it extends in alignment with the screw element, i.e. along an extension direction of the screw element (reinforcement direction = screw axis).

[0018] Embodiments of this aspect of the invention are based on the finding that a third component, namely the additional module, makes it possible to accommodate the electronics to be used for the sensory layer stack. This electronics includes, for example, the radio electronics and / or the evaluation electronics. A further advantage of this aspect is that standard components, such as DIN screws, can be used, thus also optimizing ergonomics during installation. According to embodiments, for example, the washer is connected to the screw and the screw element is tightened, with the additional module then being attached subsequently, for example. Aspect screw connection system with torque-transmitting additional module (Additional module comprising intervention sections)

[0019] According to another embodiment, it would also be conceivable for the three elements—washer, screw element, and additional module—to first be connected to one another and then screwed in together. According to some embodiments, the outer contour of the washer is aligned with the outer contour of the additional module. Both can, for example, have a hexagon or a key width so that they can be rotated together. According to another embodiment, the screw element is embedded in the additional module in such a way that rotation of the additional module causes rotation of the screw element.

[0020] In this aspect of the add-on module, a distinction is made between an add-on module that is subsequently plugged, clamped, or screwed onto the screw element, and an add-on module that forms a positive connection with the screw element. According to a first variant, the add-on module is plugged in after the screw has been installed, which has the advantage that conventional tools can be used.

[0021] According to the embodiment with the embedded screw head, the mechanical (torque-locking) transmission of the additional module to the screw element occurs before screwing in. For example, the screw element can be pushed through the additional module, so that the additional module is then subjected to torque, with the additional module transferring its rotation / torque to the screw element. For example, it would be conceivable for the additional module to be connected to the washer in advance, and then for the screw to be pushed through the additional module or the washer coupled to the additional module.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the additional module has a recess with one or more engagement surfaces for the screw element or one or more engagement surfaces for the head of the screw element. These engagement surfaces can, for example, be designed in the form of a type of wrench size / hexagon. In general, the engagement surfaces can be designed to transmit torque to the screw element. According to further embodiments, the recess of the additional module is hexagonal, so that a hexagon screw can be inserted into the additional module and thus set in rotation when the additional module rotates.

[0023] According to embodiments, the (radial) outer geometry of the attachable additional module is adapted to the (radial) outer geometry of the washer. This allows both the additional module and the washer to be rotated simultaneously. Alternatively or additionally, the outer geometry of the attachable additional module can be aligned with the outer geometry of the washer. The background to this is that the additional module and the washer system have outer surfaces that allow the screw to be tightened by rotation using a tool. For example, the outer geometry has a hexagonal shape to tighten the screw connection system by rotation using an open-end, ring, or socket wrench / nut. According to embodiments, the additional module is connected to the washer, e.g., glued or welded.The aspects of "aligned outer geometry" and "direct connection to the washer" are conceivable for both versions of the add-on module, although the torque-transmitting version is preferred. Bonding can preferably be done afterward, especially with the non-torque-transmitting version.

[0024] According to another embodiment, the additional module is screwed onto the washer, e.g., using separate screws. Alternatively or additionally, it can be clipped on using separate clips, e.g., lateral clips. All of the connection types mentioned (gluing, welding, screwing, clipping) enable a compression between an electronic component of the additional module and the screw element, both in the torque-transmitting and non-torque-transmitting version of the additional module. This allows the screw element or the element into which the screw element is screwed to be used as a temperature source or temperature sink. According to embodiments, the additional module has a thermogenerator that is in contact with the screw module (e.g., pressed onto the screw element) to create a thermally conductive connection.The thermogenerator can, for example, use the screw as a temperature source or temperature sink, thus generating electrical energy due to a temperature difference between a surface of the additional module and the screw element. According to one embodiment, the additional module has cooling elements. Alternatively, the cooling elements can be formed by a surface of the additional module, e.g., a radial surface. This increases the surface area of the cooling element.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the additional module has a twisted cable guide, e.g., a lateral cable guide or a cable guide in the area of the contact surface with the washer. This cable guide allows the electronics of the additional module to be connected to the sensor layer. According to another embodiment, the sensor layer can be connected to the electronics via an external or an externally connectable (pluggable) cable. According to further embodiments, it would also be conceivable to electrically connect the additional module to the modules via a plug connection integrated in the additional module and correspondingly in the washer system.

[0026] One advantage of the additional module is that conventional screws, which are tested and certified with regard to load, can be used and, at the same time, electrical components, such as energy harvesters and / or evaluation electronics / radio electronics, can be integrated into the additional module.

[0027] For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that in addition to the electronics / evaluation electronics, the additional module can also contain a radio module and / or a battery and / or a solar cell and / or another energy harvester.

[0028] Further embodiments relate to a method for producing a screw connection using a screw connection system. In one embodiment, a screw connection system with a torque-transmitting additional module is used. This comprises the following steps: Providing the washer; inserting the screw element; connecting, gluing or welding the washer to the additional module; and tightening the screw element by transferring a torque to the screw element by means of the additional module and the washer.

[0029] The method may further comprise the step of integrating electronics and energy supply, e.g. energy harvesting components, e.g. before connecting, gluing or welding the washer to the additional module.

[0030] Another embodiment relates to the production of a screw connection by means of a connection system using an additional module that is plugged in. This method comprises the steps: Providing the washer; screwing in the screw element using the washer; attaching the additional module using a clamp or screw connection (in this case, the additional module contains, for example, electronics and power supply).

[0031] Embodiments of the present invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. They show: Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a washer according to a basic embodiment; Fig. 2a shows a schematic representation of a screw connection system with an attachable additional module according to an embodiment; Fig. 2b shows a schematic representation of a screw connection system with a torque-transmitting additional module according to an embodiment; Figs. 3a-c show schematic representations of an additional module; Figs. 4a-d show schematic representations of a washer in a 3D view according to embodiments; Fig. 4e shows a schematic sectional view through an additional module in combination with a washer according to a further embodiment; Figs. 4f-h show schematic representations of a combination of additional module with screw and washer in three different exposure representations of the washer according to embodiments; Fig.5 shows a schematic flow diagram illustrating the assembly of a screw using a torque-transmitting additional module according to embodiments; . Fig. 6a-i show schematic representations of a screw connection system with a washer and a clip-on additional module in 3D representations (ad, h, g, j, k, l, n, o, p) as well as detailed views (m, e, f) and a sectional view (i); Fig. 6j-p show schematic representations in a 3D view to illustrate a clip mechanism for the additional module according to embodiments; Fig. 7 shows a schematic flow chart to illustrate the assembly method of a screw connection system with a clip-on additional module; Fig. 8a-f show schematic representations of a screw connection system with a clip-on additional module according to embodiments; and Fig. 9a-d show schematic detailed representations of screw connection systems according to further embodiments.

[0032] Before exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be noted that elements and structures with the same function are provided with the same reference numerals, so that the description of them is applicable to one another or interchangeable.

[0033] Fig. 1shows a washer package or a washer 10 in two different views, namely a sectional view and a top view. The washer package or the washer 10 has a carrier element 12 and a counter element 14 as well as a sensory layer system 16. For example, the carrier element 12 has a recess 12a into which the counter element 14 is inserted. According to exemplary embodiments, the recess 12a is designed such that it forms a positive connection with the outer contour of the counter element 14. For example, the inner geometry of the recess 12a can have a hexagonal shape, while the outer contour of the counter element 14 has a hexagon of the same size or, preferably, a slightly smaller hexagon. Of course, other contours are also conceivable according to exemplary embodiments, such as a triangular shape, a square shape, or a multi-tooth shape. An oval contour would also be possible.Because the tolerances of the counter element 14 are smaller or minimally smaller (tolerance group H7 / g6, e.g., 1% smaller or 5% smaller (generally in the range between 0.1% and 10% smaller, based on the diameter)), movement of the counter element 14 relative to the carrier element along the screw axis 20a is possible, while rotation about the screw axis is limited or prevented. This limitation of rotation is achieved by the positive locking or, generally, by the interaction of the geometry g12a of the carrier element and g14 of the counter element.

[0034] Now that the geometry of the carrier and counter element has been explained, another essential feature will be discussed. The washer has a sensory layer system 16 between the carrier element and the counter element. This layer system 16 can be designed as a layer stack or as a single layer and includes, for example, a force-sensing or vibration-sensing layer. According to exemplary embodiments, the sensory layer system 16 or the layer can be arranged / positioned on the carrier element 12, e.g., in the recess 12a, or also arranged on the counter element 14 or between elements 12 and 14. According to further preferred exemplary embodiments, it would also be conceivable for an additional carrier layer to be provided as part of the sensory layer system 16.In this respect, the sensor layer of the sensory layer system in this preferred variant is applied to an additional element and thus forms the layer system 16, which is also referred to as a sensor disc.

[0035] According to exemplary embodiments, the sensory layer system 16 is designed to sense a force prevailing between the carrier element and the counter element, in particular along the screw axis 20a, and to correspondingly output a sensor signal that describes the force or the compressive force or a vibration (variation of the compressive force or force over time). In this respect, it is advantageously possible to detect a force acting on the washer 10 along the screw axis 20a, i.e., a pressure on the washer 10. According to exemplary embodiments, this can be exerted by a screw 20 that is inserted through an opening 10o in the washer 10. The opening 10o extends through the three components 12, 14, and 16, so that the screw shaft 10s can protrude through.

[0036] The combination of the optional screw 20 with the washer package or washer 10 represents a screw connection system. This screw connection system can be extended by an additional module, e.g. in the form of a cap, as described below with reference to Fig. 2a and 2b is explained. Fig. 2a shows a screw 20 with a screw shaft 20s and a screw head 20k. For example, the screw can be a hexagon screw, although other variants can also be used. The screw shaft protrudes through the washer 10 with the components 12, 14 and 16. The washer package 10 can, for example, be arranged as in connection with Fig. 1 The screw connection system according to the design from Fig. 2acan further be expanded by the additional module 30. This additional module 30 is placed, plugged, or clamped onto the screw head 20k. For this purpose, in this exemplary embodiment, or generally in corresponding exemplary embodiments, the additional module 30 has a recess 30a. In this exemplary embodiment, the recess 30a is designed such that the entire screw head 20k is enclosed in this recess 30a. As a result, the additional module 30 rests on the washer 10 with its first main surface, in which the recess 30a is also arranged.

[0037] As mentioned above, the additional module 30 can be clamped, clipped, or screwed on. A screwed-on variant is illustrated here as an example, which secures the additional module 30 using additional screws 32. In this embodiment, the additional module 30 is attached to the washer 10.

[0038] According to embodiments, the additional module has electronics, such as evaluation electronics. These are arranged, for example, above the recess 30a and provided with the reference numeral 34. The electronics / evaluation electronics serve to evaluate the sensor signals / of the sensory layer system 16 (with one or more sensory and non-sensory layers). According to embodiments, a cable connection 36 can be arranged between the element 34 and the sensory layer 16 or the sensory layer system 16. Here, the cable connection 36 protrudes through the recess 30a, although this can also be implemented differently. According to further embodiments, the electronics 34 can be expanded by additional components, such as a power supply, an energy harvester, a solar cell, or a thermal harvester.According to further embodiments, an extension with a radio module would also be conceivable so that the sensor data can be transmitted externally.

[0039] The advantage of this embodiment is that a conventional screw 20 with the washer 10 enhanced with sensor functionality can be used, with the additional module enabling immediate evaluation of the sensor data. The attachable additional module thus enables each screw, e.g., in a screw assembly, e.g., in bridge construction, to be monitored, with the additional module being attached in a space-saving manner. Assembly ergonomics are often particularly relevant for such screw connection systems. From an ergonomic perspective, this embodiment is particularly advantageous because standard connection techniques are used, and the additional module is only contacted and / or attached afterwards.

[0040] Fig. 2bshows a further optimization of an additional module 30'. This can also be attached to the screw 20 or, in particular, the screw head 20k in such a way that a torque can be transmitted from the additional module 30' to the screw head 20k. For this purpose, the additional module 30' has a recess 30a' which has a geometry adapted to the geometry of the screw head 20k. If, for example, one starts with a hexagon screw 20, the recess 30a' can also be hexagonal and has a roughly comparable size. Preferably, the recess 30a' is the same size or minimally larger (e.g., 5% larger, based on the diameter) or generally in the range of 0.1 to 10% larger. This then creates an engagement between the additional module 30' and the screw head 20k, so that when the additional module 30' rotates, the screw head 20k or the screw is rotated.The engagement sections are designated by reference numerals 20ke and 30ak'. Consequently, the rotation (see rotation 20d) is transmitted around the screw axis. This advantageously allows the additional module 30' to be attached before screwing in the screw 20.

[0041] According to embodiments, the washer 20 with the sensor unit can also be previously assembled with the additional module 30' and the screw 20. For example, the recess 30a' is dimensioned such that the screw head 20k is accommodated in height. Thus, the screw head and washer 10 are again in contact. For example, the additional module 30' can be glued to the washer 10.

[0042] According to embodiments, the additional module 30' also has electronics or evaluation electronics 34, which is connected to the sensor layer 16, for example, via a cable connection 36.

[0043] At this point it should be noted that both in the embodiment from Fig. 2a as well as in the embodiment from Fig. 2b the additional module 30 or 30' is engaged with the washer 10 in such a way that the force along the screw axis 20a is not influenced. In the embodiment of Fig. 2a the screw head 20k is not in contact with the additional module 30, so that only on the underside of the screw head 20k a force-locking contact with the counter element 12 results, whereby the carrier element 14 can be in contact with a workpiece (not shown). In the embodiment of Fig. 2bEven after tightening, the contact surfaces / engagement sections 20ke, 30ak' can be designed such that there is no influence in the direction of force along the axis 20a. In this case, the screw head 20k can again be engaged with the counter element 12, whereby the carrier element 14 is then in contact with the workpiece to be fastened and also with the additional module 30'. However, due to the reduced contact surfaces, the force flow is not impeded here.

[0044] At this point it should be noted that the engagement area between 20k and 30a' is laterally, i.e. radially, via the contact surfaces 20ke and 30ak' respectively.

[0045] The following refers to Fig. 3 ff. the screw connection system and in particular optional aspects of the screw connection system and the associated components are explained.

[0046] Fig. 3a-cshow a screw connection system with a 20" screw, a 10" washer and an additional 30" module. In Fig. 3a The combination of washer 10" and additional module 30" is shown. These can, for example, be glued together. According to one embodiment, both additional module 30" and washer 10" have a comparable shape, e.g., in the form of a wrench size. In this embodiment, the outer contours of washer 10" and additional module 30" are aligned. At this point, it should be noted that element 30" can, for example, be designed as a metal housing.

[0047] Regarding the nominal width across flats of the screw, it should be noted that this is selected so that the 30" metal housing can transfer the torque when screwing in to the 20" screw or 20k" screw head. The principle is similar to that of a socket wrench and screw head. At this point, it should be noted that the degrees of freedom in the axial direction should not be restricted, so appropriate fits / tolerances have been selected here.

[0048] According to embodiments, the additional module 30" has a first and a second recess, which are provided here with the reference numerals 30a1" and 30a2". The first recess 30a1" is located on the side of the washer 10" and has, for example, a hexagonal shape, so that a screw head can be inserted. This is shown in Fig. 3bshown. At this point, it should be noted that the recess 30a1" can extend through the entire component in the width of the screw head 20k" and the underside of the screw head 20k" is held, for example, by the washer 10".

[0049] The metal design of the 30" add-on module has the advantage of allowing for good heat dissipation. For example, if a thermal harvester is installed in the 30" add-on module, the heat can be effectively dissipated, e.g., as a temperature sink or temperature source.

[0050] At this point, it should be noted that another temperature source or temperature sink, such as a screw, can also be used. Therefore, a variant in which the thermogenerator is connected to the screw in such a way that it serves as a temperature sink or temperature source is advantageous. Referring to Fig. 6j-pA clip-on element 35‴ will be explained. This makes it possible to firmly clip a thermogenerator onto a screw. Such a firm clip-on is also possible in other embodiments using adhesives or similar methods.

[0051] With regard to this exemplary embodiment, or in general, it should be noted that the thermogenerator is mounted in the additional module such that the side of the thermogenerator facing away from the screw has a thermally conductive connection to the additional module. The thermal resistance of the additional module should be as low as possible, which can be ensured, for example, by using a metal with good thermal conductivity. According to exemplary embodiments, the additional module and the screw with washer system are thermally decoupled from each other by a poorly thermally conductive element (insulator).

[0052] As referred to here Fig. 3bAs can be seen, the screw head 20k" is recessed into the recess 30a1". In this exemplary embodiment, the wrench size is, for example, 27 mm for the screw head 20k", whereby different tolerances (+4.1 and +0.05) are also used, so that a rotary band transmission takes place, but the screw head 20k" can be easily inserted into the recess 30a1" and jamming does not occur here either. According to exemplary embodiments, the screw head 20k" ends flush with a flat area of the recess 30a2". This area can be covered, for example, by means of a cover 30d", so that free space is created in the recess 30a2" for electronics or the like. It should be noted here that the cover 30d" can be connected to the additional module, for example by means of screws. The screw holes are provided with the reference symbol 30s".In addition, a cable feedthrough 30k" is provided here, through which the electronics in the area 30a2" can be connected to the sensor layer. The cable feedthrough 30k" extends, for example, longitudinally through the entire component 30".

[0053] The following refers to Fig. 4a-d The structure of the 10" washer is explained. This has a 12" support base. As can be seen, the 10" washer is hexagonal here and can have the same external dimensions as the 30" additional module. The washer has a recess 12a" (cf. Fig. 4a ), into which the sensor layer or the sensory layer system 16" can be inserted (cf. Fig. 4b ). The sensor layer 16" is then embedded with the counter element 14" (cf. Fig. 4c-d). Furthermore, the counter element 14" can be secured and sealed by the element 17". As can be seen, an opening 12k" is also provided here, through which the sensor element 16" can be contacted. In the screw connection system, another disc can therefore be engaged, as in Fig. 4d with the element 17".

[0054] Regarding the dimensions, it should be noted that the support element has a recess 12a" of, for example, 35 mm, while the counter element 14" has the same diameter of 30 mm. The tolerances also vary. For example, a pairing H7 / g6 can be selected so that the degree of freedom in the axial direction is not restricted.

[0055] Regarding the dimensioning of the nominal width across flats for the 30" housing (hexagon socket washer) and the 10" washer (hexagon outside), the following should be noted. The 10" housing (washer assembly) transmits the torque to the 12" counter washer and the 16" sensor washer. Relative movement between the 12" counter washer and the 16" sensor washer should be kept as small as possible. Correct selection of tolerances will prevent jamming between the 10" washer (outer surface) and the inner surface of the 30" housing (washer assembly).

[0056] Referring to Fig. 4ethe effective areas are explained again. The washer assembly 10" with the components 12", 14", and 16" forms a unit through which the screw shaft 20s" protrudes. In the area of the bore through the washer assembly 10", sufficient clearance is provided between the screw shaft 20s" and the screw head 20k" so that the screw head 20k" only acts on the counter washer 14" via the contact surface 20ka" provided on the screw head 20k". The diameter of the screw head 20k" or the contact surface 20ka" is smaller than the diameter of the counter washer 14", so that the force from the screw 20" is transferred via the counter washer 14" to the sensor washer 16", preventing any measurement errors. Preferably (but not necessarily), the additional module or the housing 20" of the additional module rests on the carrier washer 12", with the carrier washer 12" and the counter washer 14" being flush.The tightening torque of the screw then prevents contact or the force exerted by the 20" housing on the 16" sensor disc.

[0057] In connection with Fig. 4f, g and h An optional aspect of the counter plate 14" is now explained. Fig. 4f shows a three-dimensional view of the washer 10" and in particular the support element 12" from below. In Fig. 4g the support element 12" is not shown, so that the layers 14" and 16" are shown, wherein in Fig. 4h the carrier layer 12" and sensor layer 16" are not shown, but only the counter-disk 14".

[0058] As in Fig. 4h As can be seen, the counter disc 14" has elevations 14e" (here three elevations) on the side facing the sensor disc 16". These have a defined size so that the force introduction into the sensor disc 16" is optimized.

[0059] The following refers to Fig. 5 The installation or assembly process of washer 10", additional module 30" and screw 20" is explained.

[0060] In a first step, the carrier disk 12" is prepared so that in the next step the sensor disk 16" can be inserted and the cables can be routed laterally (see cable guide 12k"). The next step is the insertion of the counter disk 14", which is then glued to the cover plate 17" (optional element). After the cover plate 17" has been positioned and the adhesive has cured, another layer of adhesive is applied to the free surface of the element 12". This surface is marked here with the reference symbol 12o". The metal body, or generally the body of the additional module 30", is then to be glued onto this adhesive connection. For this purpose, the following steps are carried out, for example: Route the cable through the opening in the metal housing 30"; place and position the metal housing 30" and, if necessary, add weights to improve curing.The 30sw" and 10sw" surfaces form the lateral wrench width. Preferably, the 30sw" and 10sw" surfaces are aligned so that the torque can be evenly transmitted to both 30" and 10" housings during final assembly using an Allen key.

[0061] After the 30" and 10" elements, the 20" screw can be inserted. The size of the screw, or in particular the screw head 20k", is adapted to the recess 30a1", as explained above. In a final step, a protective disc 30d" can then be inserted into the recess 30a2", which provides protection for the electronics or similar. The electronics are then inserted and closed with another cover plate (not shown).

[0062] Referring to Fig. 6 An alternative variant will now be explained.

[0063] Fig. 6a-dillustrate a washer 10‴, which also has a hexagonal shape. The washer consists of three elements: carrier disc 12‴, sensor disc 16‴, counter disc 14‴ and cover disc 17‴. The structure is as in connection with Fig. 4a-d explained. It is particularly noteworthy that a lateral cable outlet 12k‴ as well as engagement sections 12e‴ can be provided here. The cable is routed through this cable outlet 12k‴ via a cable grommet 29‴. This then makes it possible to install electronics located in the recess 30a2‴ (cf. Fig. 6g ) to it. The corresponding cable is marked with the reference symbol 29k‴.

[0064] Before the additional module 30‴ is attached, as shown in Fig. 6hshown, the screw 20‴ is connected to the washer 10‴. Here, the screw 20‴ can be screwed directly into a body without the additional module already being attached. The cable 29k‴ allows the additional module 30‴ to be located next to the screw so that the screw 20‴ can be tightened. In a next step, the additional module 30‴ is then placed on the screw head 20k‴, as can be clearly seen in the sectional view. In this exemplary embodiment, the recess 30a1‴ is not necessarily exactly adapted to the shape of the screw head 20k‴, but can also be larger. A round recess 30a‴ corresponding to the maximum diameter of the screw head 20k‴ would also be conceivable. In corresponding exemplary embodiments, the additional module 30‴ is conceivable on the screw by means of a clip 35‴.This clip 35‴ is suspended laterally from the additional module 30‴ and engages the engagement sections 12e‴ to prevent axial slippage of the additional module 30‴. In this embodiment, three clips 35‴ are provided, i.e., on each of the second side surfaces of the wrench size.

[0065] Starting from the connection system Fig. 6 The assembly or assembly is now carried out using Fig. 7explained. In a first step, the carrier element 12‴ is prepared so that the sensor disk 16‴ can then be inserted in an alternating step. The cable 29k‴ or the cable grommet 29‴ protrudes laterally. In the next step, the counter disk 14‴ is inserted, whereby the anti-kink sleeve 29‴ is then glued in place if necessary. In the next step, the cover plate 17‴ is glued on in position, which completes the assembly of the washer 10‴. On the side of the additional module, the cable is guided through the cable conduit or the anti-kink sleeve 29ʺʺ, whereby the cable conduit can be pushed over the two anti-kink sleeves and glued if necessary. The anti-kink sleeve 29ʺʺ is then inserted into the additional module 30‴ so that the electronics can then be inserted.Once the 20" screw is installed, the 30" add-on module can be placed on the 20" screw or the 10" washer. It is secured using the 35" clips.

[0066] Referring to Fig. 6j-p The 35‴ clip is now explained in detail. As already mentioned above, this is used to attach the 30‴ additional module to the 10‴ washer to ensure axial securing. The 35‴ clips are, as shown in Fig. 6j or k shown, arranged laterally and initially equipped with the additional module 30‴. As shown in Fig. 6m As shown, each clip comprises a folded bracket 35b‴ and an anchor 35a‴. The folded bracket 35b‴ enables spring movement, while the anchor 35a‴ serves to connect the clip to the main body of the additional module 30‴. This is shown, for example, in Fig. 6jshown. The connection is made in such a way that the bracket 35b‴ has a widening in the area of the anchor 35a‴ (cf. 35v‴), so that this can be inserted into the base body or into a kind of undercut of the base body 30‴. The anchor 35a‴ forms a fixing pin and can be inserted afterwards, as shown in the Fig. 6m , o and p As a result of the fixation thus effected, the bracket 35b‴ can be bent outward, allowing a force to be exerted on the washer 10‴. By means of this force, the bracket 35‴ then engages with its locking lug 35n‴ in the engagement portion 12e‴.

[0067] Fig. 8a and b show the fixing clips 35‴, which are inserted into the base body of the additional module 30‴. In this embodiment, a plastic housing is assumed. As here or already in Fig. 6pAs can be seen, the recess 30a1‴ is unfinished, i.e. it is not designed to transmit torque to the screw. Fig. 8d, e and f show the connection of the additional module 30‴ with the screw 20‴.

[0068] Referring to Fig. 9 Two different variants of cable routing are now explained. The variant from Fig. 9a and b is essentially identical to the variant from Fig. 6g . The cable 29k‴ is led out of the washer 10‴ at the side using a cable lug or cable conduit 29‴. The cable 29k‴ is introduced into the additional module 30‴ in a similar manner. To simplify installation, a waterproof plug connection 29v‴ can be provided. This plug connection 29v‴ can first be used to secure the washer 10‴ with the screw 20‴, before the additional module 30‴ and its electronics are connected in a subsequent step (see Fig. 9b ).

[0069] In Fig. 9c Another variant of the cable guide is shown. Here, the additional module 30" or the additional module 30‴ has an internal cable guide 30k. This extends through the base body of the additional module 30" or 30‴ from the recess 30b‴ in the direction of the washer 10" or 10‴. This variant is advantageous if the additional module 30" is glued to the washer 10" before assembly. This is shown in Fig. 9d shown.

[0070] It should be noted at this point that embodiments are purely illustrative, while the scope of protection is defined by the following patent claims. List of reference symbols

[0071] Washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴) Support element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) Counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴) Sensory layer system (16, 16', 16", 16‴) Inner contour (12a) Inner geometry (g12a) Outer geometry (g14) Recess (12a) Screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) Screw axis (20a) Evaluation electronics (34) Additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) Recess in the additional module (30a2")

Claims

1. Washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴), comprising: a carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴); a counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴); and a sensory layer system (16, 16', 16", 16‴) arranged between the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) and the counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴) and configured to output a sensor signal on the basis of a force prevailing between the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) and the counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴) along a screw axis (20a) and / or a prevailing pressure force or vibration; wherein the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) and the counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴) are arranged along a screw axis (20a) and wherein the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) comprises a geometry that is engageable with a geometry of the counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴) so as to limit or prevent a rotation between the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) and the counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴); wherein the geometry of the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) is configured by an inner contour (12a) und / or comprises a tooth shape, a multi-tooth shape, or a hexagonal shape; and wherein the geometry of the counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴) is configured by an outer contour and / or comprises a tooth shape, a multi-tooth shape, or a hexagonal shape; wherein the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) comprises a recess with an inner geometry, wherein the counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴) comprises an outer geometry (g14) corresponding to the inner geometry of the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴).

2. Washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴) according to claim 1, wherein the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) and the counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴) form a form fit.

3. Washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴) is placed into the recess (12a) of the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴); and / or wherein the sensory layer system (16, 16', 16", 16‴) is arranged on a separate carrier embedded between the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) and the counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴).

4. Washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) comprises a (radial) outer geometry (g12a) with a hexagonal shape and / or a wrench size; and / or wherein the carrier element (12, 12', 12", 12‴) and / or the counter element (14, 14', 14", 14‴) comprises one or more specified contact faces or specified bumps opposite the sensory layer system (16, 16', 16", 16‴).

5. Washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensory layer system (16, 16', 16", 16‴) is configured to output a temperature signal on the basis of a prevailing temperature; and / or wherein the sensory layer system (16, 16', 16", 16‴) is configured to output a vibration signal describing a vibration on the basis of a prevailing vibration.

6. Screw connection system, comprising: a screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴), in particular a screw, a nut, a bolt, a conventional screw, a DIN screw, a DIN nut, or a hexagonal screw; and a washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) extends through the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴ along the screw axis (20a).

7. Screw connection system according to claim 6, wherein the connection system comprises an additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) that can be placed onto, plugged onto and / or clamped onto the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴), wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) comprises an integrated electronic system or an integrated electronic system with an integrated electronic evaluation system (34).

8. Screw connection system according to claim 7, wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) comprises a recess for a head of the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) and / or a recess for the integrated electronic system or the integrated electronic system and the integrated electronic evaluation system (34); and / or wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) is arranged so as to be flush to the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) or to an extension direction of the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴).

9. Screw connection system according to claim 7, wherein the connection system comprises an additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) with an integrated electronic system or with an integrated electronic system and an integrated electronic evaluation system (34), wherein the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) is embedded into the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) so that a rotation of the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) causes a rotation of the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴).

10. Screw connection system according to claim 9, wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) comprises a recess with one or multiple engagement faces for the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) or one or multiple engagement faces for a head of the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) or one or multiple engagement faces for a wrench size of the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴); and / or wherein the one or the multiple engagement faces are configured to transfer a torque to the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴); and / or wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) comprises a hexagonal recess.

11. Screw connection system according to any of claims 7 to 10, wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) comprises an outer contour in the form of a wrench size.

12. Screw connection system according to any of claims 7 to 11, wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) comprises a thermogenerator in contact with the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) and / or pressed onto the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) so as to create a thermally conductive connection; and / or wherein the outer geometry of the attachable additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴ is adapted to the outer geometry of the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴) and / or wherein the outer geometry of the attachable additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) is flush with the outer geometry of the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴); and / or wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) is connected, glued, or soldered to the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴); and / or wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) is screwed onto the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴) or wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) is screwed onto the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴) by means of separate screws; or wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) is clipped onto the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴) by means of clips; or wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) is connected, glued, or soldered to the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴), wherein a compression between an electronic component and the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) is ensured through the connection, gluing, soldering, or screwing; and / or wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) comprises an integrated cable guide so that an electronic system of the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) can be connected to the sensor layer; and / or wherein the sensor layer can be connected to the electronic system via an external cable or a cable that can be connect externally.

13. Screw connection system according to any of claims 7 to 12, wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) comprises a cooling element or a surface configured as a cooling element and / or a radial surface configured as a cooling element; and / or wherein the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) comprises a radio module, a battery, or a solar cell.

14. Method for manufacturing a screw connection by means of a screw connection system according to claim 10, comprising: providing the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴); connecting, gluing or soldering the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴) to the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴); inserting the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴); and tightening the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) by transferring a torque onto the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) by means of the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) and the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴).

15. Method for manufacturing a screw connection by means of a connection system according to claim 7, comprising: providing the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴); screwing in the screw element (20, 20', 20", 20‴) by using the washer (10, 10', 10", 10‴); attaching the additional module (30, 30', 30", 30‴) by using a clamp connection or screw connection.