MACHINE FOR PRODUCE A PRODUCT WITH A DRY FILM APPLIED TO A CARRIER SUBSTRATE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a machine for the production of a product, in particular a product strand, with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate, in particular a dry film formed from a powdered material, according to claim 1.

[0002] DE 10 2017 208 220 A1 discloses a device and a method for coating a carrier substrate, wherein a dry film is formed in a gap between a first and a second roller and, in one embodiment, transferred to the carrier substrate in a gap with a further roller. The rollers are operated at a differential speed to form fibrils.

[0003] US Patent 2015 / 0224529 A1 discloses a device for coating an object with coating material, wherein the coating material contains, among other things, 20 to 65 vol.% water. The coating is formed between a first and a second roller, the first roller having improved transfer properties for better application, e.g., a rougher surface, and the rollers being able to be operated at different speeds.

[0004] In WO 2020 / 150254 A1, a film is produced in one embodiment by calendering a powder mixture and winding it onto a roll to be fed as such into a further process in which it can be laminated onto a collector. In another embodiment, the powder mixture is applied to a belt and guided on this belt into the gap between two rollers and applied by the second roller to a substrate.

[0005] KR 102 359 521 B1 discloses a device for dry coating a current collector web with an active material layer, wherein a first and second roller are provided on each side of the web, between which an active material layer is formed, and wherein the respective active material layer is applied to the current collector web in a nip point between the two second rollers.

[0006] US patent 11040368 B2 discloses a method and apparatus for producing a collector film coated with a pasty material, wherein a carrier material is unwound from a roll, coated on one side and wound onto a roll before the roll is fed back in, coated on the other side and then wound onto a roll again.

[0007] JP 2013077560 A relates to the manufacture of an electrode for a secondary battery, wherein in one embodiment a carrier web is first coated on both sides with a dry film and passes downstream in the substrate path through a gap of two pressure rollers.

[0008] US 2016 / 181651 A1 and WO2021028619A1 each disclose a machine for producing a multilayer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate.

[0009] The invention is based on the objective of providing a machine for the production of a

[0010] to create a product, in particular a product strand, with a dry film formed on a carrier substrate, in particular a dry film formed from a powdered material.

[0011] The problem is solved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.

[0012] The advantages achievable with the invention consist in particular in the fact that such a coated carrier substrate with a most uniform active material layer can be produced continuously and reliably by means of the machine.

[0013] In a particularly preferred embodiment for such a machine for producing a multilayer product, which has a dry film formed from a powder mixture on at least one side of a carrier substrate, the machine comprises a substrate unwinder through which web-shaped carrier substrate, to be unwound in a substrate roll, can be fed to the machine in the form of a carrier substrate web, i.e., is or can be fed operationally, i.e., in the machine set up for operation; a first substrate path section through which the web-shaped carrier substrate can be fed to an application stage, i.e., is or can be fed operationally, wherein at least a first dry film made of a powdered material can be produced by the application stage, i.e., is or can be produced operationally, and can be applied to at least a first side of the carrier substrate, e.g.,is produced or can be produced in an operational manner, and a second substrate path section (400), in particular defined by corresponding substrate guide elements, via which the web-shaped carrier material provided with the dry film on at least one side can be fed as a product strand to a product winder, e.g. is or can be fed in an operational manner, by which the product strand can be combined into a product roll, e.g. is or can be combined in an operational manner.

[0014] According to the invention, a first dancer roller and / or a positively driven pull roller is arranged in the substrate path of a first substrate path section located between the point of unwinding from the substrate roll in the substrate unwinder and the entry into a first or single application slot of the application stage, and / or a second dancer roller and / or a positively driven pull roller is arranged in the substrate path of a second substrate path section located between the exit from a last or the single application slot of the application stage and the point of winding the product strand onto the product roll.

[0015] The respective substrate path section is defined or formed by substrate guiding elements, e.g., one or more guide or deflection rollers and, if applicable, one or more measuring, tension, or dancer rollers, which in operation are at least partially encircled by the respective web, i.e., the carrier substrate web or the product strand, or clamp it in pairs, as in the case of rollers of the application stage or of any calender rollers provided.

[0016] Controlled path or strand guidance and tension create particularly good conditions for stable operation and constant material application.

[0017] The respective positively driven traction roller is preferably designed to be driven mechanically independently of the traction roller or any other traction roller arranged in the substrate path by a drive means that can be regulated and / or controlled with respect to speed, or is driven mechanically independently of the traction roller or any other traction roller or its drive means by a speed-controlled and / or controlled drive means.

[0018] In an advantageous embodiment, a measuring roller that provides the web tension in the carrier substrate web or a quantity representing the web tension is arranged in the substrate path of the first substrate path section located between the point of unwinding from the substrate roll in the substrate unwinder and the point of entry into a first or single application slot of the application stage, and / or a measuring roller that provides the web tension in the carrier substrate web or a quantity representing the web tension is arranged in the substrate path of the second substrate path section located between the exit from a last or single application slot of the application stage and the point of winding the product strand onto the product roll.

[0019] In an advantageous further development thereof, a web tension control device is provided, which is connected on the input side to at least one or both of the measuring rollers provided in the first and / or in the second substrate path section and on the output side to the drive of at least one or both of the traction rollers provided in the first and / or in the second substrate path section, and which has data processing and / or electronic switching means that are configured to establish and / or maintain a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference for the two substrate path sections by appropriately controlling the drive control of the drive of one or more of the traction rollers in the respective or each of the two substrate path sections.

[0020] Each measuring roller can be designed, for example, as a roller mounted in a frame with sensors that detect the radially acting forces in the roller bearing, or – similar to a dancer roller – as a radially movable roller that is pre-tensioned against the web tension and has sensors that detect the position or change in position.

[0021] In an advantageous further development of the machine, stable operating conditions can be ensured by measuring the temperature at the input of the order and / or before winding, in particular with integration into a control loop relating to this temperature, and / or by inspecting with defect marking to ensure flawless utilization in the later product.

[0022] In an advantageous embodiment of the machine, a thermal pretreatment station is arranged upstream of the application stage in the first substrate path section, through which the carrier substrate can be heated above ambient temperature and / or a cooling device is arranged in the second substrate path section, through which a product strand passed through can be cooled.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment of the machine, a calender with a calender gap is arranged downstream of the application stage in the second substrate path section. The carrier substrate, coated with the dry film on at least one side, can be guided through this gap as a product strand under pressure and / or elevated temperature, and / or is guided through it during operation. For example, two rollers, such as calender rollers, are provided, at least one of which is heated and / or between which a pressure with an adjustable line force of, for example, at least 500 N / mm² can be applied. In an advantageous embodiment, a tension roller and / or measuring roller located in the second substrate path section is arranged in the substrate path between the last or only application gap of the application stage and the calender.

[0024] In an advantageous embodiment of the coating stage, the single or respective coating gap through which the substrate to be coated can be passed and thereby impregnated with the first dry film on at least the first side, is formed in the nip between a coating roller of a first coating unit and a roller acting as a counter-pressure roller. In a particularly advantageous further development, the coating gap between the coating roller and the counter-pressure roller is adjustable by means of a force-based actuator, i.e., adjustable to a constant and / or defined application or line force. This allows, for example, the force with which the strand is clamped in the coating gap to be deliberately controlled and kept constant, regardless of varying and potentially fluctuating strand thickness.Independently of this, but advantageously in conjunction with it, the applicator unit comprises a metering roller which, between its outer surface and the outer surface of the applicator roller or of another roller of the first applicator unit located between the metering roller and the applicator roller in a roller train (i.e., a series of consecutive rollers), forms a metering gap for film formation through which a dry powder mixture can be conveyed to produce the first dry film. Advantageously, the metering gap is designed to be adjustable based on a position-based actuator, i.e., it can be set to a constant and / or defined gap width via a position-based adjusting mechanism.

[0025] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the machine or the application stage, a dry film can be applied inline to both sides of the carrier substrate by the machine or the application stage.

[0026] Further advantageous options and training opportunities are outlined below and in the requirements.

[0027] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

[0028] They show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a product to be manufactured; Fig. 2 a schematic diagram for the production and application of a dry film; Fig. 3 an embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate, with an application stage according to an embodiment of a first group of embodiments; Fig. 4 an enlarged view of the application stage of the first embodiment. Fig. 3 Fig. 5 an alternative embodiment of an embodiment of the first group of embodiments; Fig. 6 a further alternative embodiment of an embodiment of a first group of embodiments; Fig. 7 a further alternative embodiment of an embodiment of a first group of embodiments; Fig. 8 a schematic diagram for an embodiment of a second group of embodiments; Fig. 9 a schematic diagram for a further embodiment of a second group of embodiments; Fig. 10 an embodiment of a machine for producing a multilayer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate, with an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments; Fig. 11 an enlarged view of the application stage made of Fig. 10 with pairwise coupling of two rollers in a first embodiment; Fig. 12 an enlarged view of the application stage made of Fig. 10 with pairwise coupling of two rollers in a second embodiment; Fig. 13 a view from below at an angle with removal devices; Fig. 14 an oblique view of a product section with a slight lateral primer overhang; Fig. 15 a further embodiment of a machine for producing a multilayer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate with an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments; Fig. 16 a further embodiment of a machine for producing a multilayer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate with an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments; Fig. 17 a schematically depicted application unit with a first embodiment of a device for feeding powdered material into the roller gap; Fig.Fig. 18 A schematically depicted applicator with sensors provided in the fall path in a first embodiment; Fig. 19 A schematically depicted applicator with sensors provided in the fall path in a second embodiment; Fig. 20 A schematic representation of an embodiment for a device for determining the density of a layer of material conveyed on the outer surface of a roller.

[0029] The devices or machines described below are for the manufacture of electrode units 001 of electrochemical storage devices, as they are used in particular in batteries or accumulators, such as lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion or especially lithium-ion batteries, as well as in solid-state batteries.

[0030] A product 001; 002 to be produced by a machine mentioned below can be formed, for example, by an intermediate product 002 that is yet to be cut, e.g., a web-shaped intermediate product 002, e.g., a product strand 002 formed as an electrode strand 002, or by product sections 001 that have already been cut in the machine, arc-shaped end products 001, e.g., as electrode units 001, or simply electrodes 001.

[0031] For the production of such products 001; 002 with a material layer 003; 003', in particular an active material layer 003; 003', preferably applied as a dry film 003; 003', applied on one or both sides to a carrier substrate 006, preferably a carrier substrate web 006, e.g. a current collector substrate 006 formed by, for example, a current collector foil 006, applied on one or both sides, a device 100; 100* for coating, hereinafter referred to as coating device 100; 100*, in particular for dry coating, of a carrier substrate 006, in particular a web-shaped one, e.g. the above-mentioned, with aMaterial layer 003; 003', preferably a dry film 003; 003', in particular a powder composite film 003, is provided, comprising at least one first application unit 101 by which powdered, preferably dry, material 004; 004', in particular a preferably solvent-free and / or dry powder mixture 004; 004', can first be processed into a dry film 003, in particular by compression and / or by applying a pressing force, and subsequently this dry film 003; 003' can be applied to a first side of the carrier substrate 006, in particular by compression and / or by applying a pressing force. A dry film 003 to be applied; For example, '003' should have a thickness of 20 µm to 240 µm, preferably 40 µm to 100 µm, after application and compression.

[0032] A powder mixture 004; 004', in particular present as a dry powder, comprises – especially for the manufacture of electrode units 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators – for example, over ninety percent by weight of an active material such as one or more of the lithium compounds lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide and / or lithium titanate, a few, e.g., three percent by weight of a conductive additive, e.g., graphite or so-called CNTs, i.e., multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and a few, e.g., two percent by weight of a plastic that acts as a binder in the subsequent powder composite, e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0033] The support substrate 006, for example, simultaneously constitutes the current-dissipating layer of the electrode unit 001 and is formed, for example, by a foil-, non-woven-, or fabric-like electrically conductive material, such as a metal. It is, for example, made of aluminum or copper – particularly for the production of electrode units 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators – and / or has a thickness d006 of, for example, 5 to 16 µm. In the case of an anode production, it is made of copper with, for example, a thickness d006 of, for example, 5 to 13 µm, and in the case of a cathode production, it is made of aluminum with, for example, a thickness d006 of 7 to 16 µm.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the carrier substrate 006 has, at least in the surface area to be coated with the dry film 003; 003', a surface coating with a bond-supporting or bond-enhancing agent 007; 007', e.g., a binder 007; 007', a primer 007; 007', or an adhesive 007; 007'. Such an agent 007; 007' can be formed by a thermoplastic or reactive binder or primer and may, for example, comprise a thermoplastic component and / or have a thickness d007 of only a few µm, e.g., at most 5 µm, in particular at most 3 µm.

[0035] The thickness d003; d003' of the active material layer 003; 003' of the product 001; 002, i.e., of the electrode unit 001 or of the electrode strand 002, is, for example, at most 240 µm, in particular at most 150 µm, preferably at most 100 µm and / or is, for example, at least 20 µm, in particular at least 30 µm, preferably at least 40 µm.

[0036] The total thickness of the product 001; 002, which is coated on both sides, is, for example, up to 500 µm, in particular up to 320 µm, preferably up to 220 µm and / or at least 50 µm, in particular at least 70 µm, preferably at least 90 µm.

[0037] To ensure an efficient manufacturing process, preferably web-shaped carrier material 006 is processed into a finished or intermediate product, which, for example, has a width of at least 500 mm, in particular at least 600 mm, and in a particularly advantageous embodiment even at least 1,200 mm. The carrier material 006 is not coated with the dry film 003; 003' over its entire width, but only up to a free edge area in which the surface of the metallically conductive carrier material 006 remains free and accessible – e.g., for connection purposes with cables.

[0038] For the production of a dry film 003, a first roller 102, in particular a metering roller 102, and a second roller 103, in particular a laminating roller 103 of the first coating unit 101 are provided such that they form a first gap 104, in particular a first film formation gap 104, in the nip between their outer surfaces, through which the powder mixture 004, conveyed into the nip by a device for supplying powdered material 700, hereinafter referred to as a powder supply device 700, can be conveyed to form the dry film 003 (see e.g. Fig. 2 ). A clear width of the first slit 104 at its narrowest point determines the thickness of the dry film 003 before it passes through an application point where it is applied to the carrier substrate 006, especially under pressure. This thickness may be even greater than the thickness in the later product 001; 002.

[0039] The application point is preferably formed directly by a nip of the second roller 103, in this case acting as a laminating roller 103, with a roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103', or by a roller acting as a laminating roller, acting directly or indirectly with the second roller or via one or more further rollers, with a roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103' (not shown here). The second or further roller acting as a laminating roller 003 and the roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103 form a second gap 107, in particular an application gap 107, hereinafter referred to as e.g. B. also referred to as lamination gap 107, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular on the side facing away from the counter-pressure roller 106; 103, with the film formed over the first film formation gap 104, e.g. at least 40 µm thick, e.g.between 50 µm and 200 µm, especially 60 to 120 µm thick dry film 003 can be applied.

[0040] Order level 100; 100* preferably includes a second order work 101' (see e.g. Fig. 3 bis Fig. 13 ), by which a powder mixture 004', in particular solvent-free and / or dry, e.g. by a second device for supplying powdered material 700', hereinafter referred to as powder supply device 700', is conveyed into the nip, firstly, in particular by compression and / or by applying a pressing force, can be processed into a second dry film 003'; 003 and subsequently this second dry film 003'; 003 can be applied to the other, second side of the carrier substrate 006, in particular by pressing and / or by applying a pressing force. This can, in principle, be the same powder mixture 004' as, or a different powder mixture 004' than, the first powder mixture 004'.

[0041] In the second application unit 101', a first roller 102', in particular a metering roller 102', and a second roller 103', in particular a laminating roller 103', are preferably provided such that they form a first gap 104', in particular a second film formation gap 104', in the nip between their outer surfaces, through which the powder mixture 004' can be conveyed to form the second dry film 003'.

[0042] Here too, the second roller 003' of the second application unit 101' can directly, or a roller (not shown here) that interacts directly or indirectly with the second roller 103' or via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller, can form a gap 107'; gap 107 in the nip between its outer surfaces with a roller 106'; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106'; 103, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular on the second side facing away from the second counter-pressure roller 106'; 103, can be charged with the second dry film 003' formed via the second film-forming gap 104'; 104.

[0043] In a first group of embodiments for the coating device 100 (see e.g. Fig. 3 bis Fig. 7 A second gap 107' is formed by a second application gap 107', e.g., a laminating gap 107', which is different from the first application or laminating gap 107', with a second, in particular a counter-pressure roller 106, which acts as a counter-pressure roller 106 and is different from the first counter-pressure roller 106 and / or from the laminating roller 103 of the first application unit 101, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular on the second side facing away from the second counter-pressure roller 106', can be coated with the second dry film 003' formed via the second film-forming gap 104'. In this embodiment, two independent application units 101; 101' are provided for the two sides of the carrier substrate 106. It is therefore possible in the relevant laminating gap 107; 107' to set different conditions for each order independently. This includes, for example, different pressing or line forces and / or, if applicable,Temperature adjustable.

[0044] For such a design, in a first embodiment, the metering roller 102; 102, the laminating roller 103; 103' and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106' forming the laminating gap 107; 107' in the respective application unit 101; 101' can be arranged in such a way that the planes connecting the axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the respective adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' intersect at an angle α, which is, for example, between 40° and 130°, in particular between 70° and 110°, preferably between 80° and 100°. A large wrap-around area can result in better heat transfer from a possibly temperature-controlled counter-pressure roller 106; 106' and / or improved - e.g., flutter-free - winding and unwinding (see e.g. Fig. 3 bis Fig. 5 ).

[0045] The respective counter-pressure roller 106; 106' can, for example, be arranged below the laminating roller 103; 103' such that the plane connecting the axes of rotation R103; R106; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' deviates from the vertical by a maximum of ± 30°, and in particular by a maximum of ± 15°. The pressing force in the laminating gap and gravity act predominantly in the same direction.

[0046] In a second embodiment – ​​advantageous, for example, with regard to the effective forces and load directions – the metering roller 102, 102, the laminating roller 103, 103' and the counter-pressure roller 106, 106', which together with the latter forms the laminating gap 107, 107', are arranged in the respective application unit 101; 101' such that the planes connecting the axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the respective pair of adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' intersect at most at an acute angle α, which is at most 20°, in particular at 0°, so that the axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the three rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' of the same assembly 101; 101' lie in the same plane. This makes the arrangement very rigid, since the forces and counterforces are at least predominantly opposed to each other.

[0047] The two application units 101; 101' with their laminating rollers 103; 103' are located on opposite sides of the substrate path and can be arranged one above the other in such a way that the two laminating slits 107; 107' lie vertically directly above one another in one embodiment (see e.g. Fig. 6 ) or in another embodiment are offset horizontally, in particular by at least half and at most one and a half laminating roller diameters (see e.g. Fig. 7 ). Based on Fig. 7 For example, a substrate guidance system transferable to other designs is indicated by a dashed line, which allows for a larger wrap angle and thus better heat transfer and / or more stable run-up. For this purpose, the substrate path is deflected by an additional substrate guide element 121 such that the transport direction Ts when running onto the following roller 106; 106' is inclined at least 45° to the transport direction Ts of the outgoing substrate 006.

[0048] In addition to the metering roller 102; 102', the second roller 103; 103' or a roller that interacts directly or indirectly with the second roller via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller, a further roller 118; 118' can be advantageously provided (see, for example, for all embodiments of the first group in Fig. 5 ) provided which, in an operational, i.e. during production operation, can be attached in a circumferential section between metering gap 104; 104' and laminating gap 107; 107' of the laminating roller 103; 103' in the manner of a calender roller 118; 118' to a dry film 003; 003' supplied or guided on the laminating roller 103; 103'.

[0049] For the above-mentioned designs, variants and forms, in a first configuration for the roller bearing, the laminating roller 103; 103' of the respective application unit 101; 101' with its axis of rotation R103; R103' can be operationally fixed in position, although its position may be adjustable, and the metering roller 102; 102' and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106' can each be mounted via respective actuators 109; 109'; 111; 111' in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated laminating roller 103; 103'.Here and in the following, the term actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' refers to the entirety of the means that effect and / or enable the direct or indirect positioning of a roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106', which are also referred to below as actuating means 109; 109'; 111; 111' and comprise at least one actuating mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' guiding the roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' along an actuating movement, as well as one or more drive means 132; 132'; 133; 133' effecting the positioning.

[0050] In a first embodiment, a position-based actuator 109; 109' or actuating means 109; 109' is provided for positioning the respective metering roller 102; 102' to the second roller 103; 103', i.e., an actuator 109; 109' or actuating means 109; 109', by means of which a defined position for the component to be positioned can be approached.

[0051] Such a position-based actuator 109; 109' can be realized, for example, by a drive element 132; 133, e.g., a drive motor, being able to assume a defined and predefinable position, as is possible, for example, for a position-controlled servo drive or motor, or by limiting the travel path, at least in the relevant direction, by means of, for example, adjustable stop elements, e.g., an adjustable stop, which defines the end position and against which the component to be positioned is positioned by means of, for example, a force-based or non-position-precise drive element 133; 133'. The roller 102; 102' is, for example, mounted in or on an actuating mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is driven by a bearing mechanism 112; 112' that translates the travel path with positional accuracy. 112'; 113; 113' is formed. Such a configuration is - especially for small travel distances with large forces - e.g.Advantageously, a bearing 113; 113' comprising an eccentric, e.g., a three-ring bearing 113; 113', is used. However, with regard to, for example, a position parallel to the direction of travel and therefore more direct with respect to the travel, a linear bearing 112; 112' extending in the direction of travel may also be advantageous.

[0052] For positioning the respective counter-pressure roller 106; 106', in this first, advantageous embodiment a force-based actuating drive 111; 111' or actuating means 111; 111' for force-based positioning is provided, i.e. an actuating drive 111; 111" or actuating means 111; 111', by means of which or which positioning with a defined force against the abutment is possible.

[0053] Such a force-based actuator 111; 111', particularly one provided on one side, can be realized, for example, by a drive means 132; 132', e.g., a drive motor 132; 132', itself being able to apply a defined and predefinable force, as is possible, for example, for a torque-controlled or -regulated, in particular torque-controlled or -regulated servo drive or motor, or by the fact that the roller to be positioned can be adjusted against the other roller 103; 103' with an actuating force towards the relevant side by means of a drive means 132; 132'; 133; 133' actuated by means of a pressure means, e.g., by a pneumatically or hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system, wherein the pressure of the drive means 132; 132'; 133; 133' is preferably adjustable. The counter-pressure roller 106; 106' is, for example, mounted in or on an adjusting mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which provides force-based actuation, i.e.without additional mechanical limitation of the travel distance, a implementing bearing mechanism 112; 112' is formed. As such, it can advantageously be formed, for example, at least on one side, but preferably on both sides, by a bearing mechanism 112; 112' designed as a linear bearing 112; 112'.

[0054] In a second embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' can be adjusted in a force-based manner and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106 in a position-based manner. The above is to be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0055] In a third embodiment, however, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 can be adjusted by force, and in a fourth embodiment, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 can be adjusted by position. The above is to be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0056] In a particularly advantageous fifth embodiment, a combined positioning mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' and / or a combined actuating drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' or combined actuating means 109; 109'; 111; 111' is provided for positioning at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least the counter-pressure roller 106; 106', which allows either position-based positioning of the roller 102; 102'; 106; 106' or force-based positioning.

[0057] Such a combined actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' is formed, for example, by a force-based actuator 111; 111' with an actuating mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', in whose actuating path a stop, which can be positioned, for example, via drive and / or actuating means, can optionally be inserted for position limitation. Alternatively, an actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' is also advantageous which comprises, as a drive means 132; 132'; 133; 133', a motor, in particular a servo motor, which can be operated either in a position-controlled or torque-controlled manner.

[0058] In a second configuration for the roller bearing, the counter-pressure roller 106; 106' of the respective application unit 101; 101' with its axis of rotation R106; R106' can be operationally stationary, although possibly adjustable, and the laminating rollers 103; 103' with each associated metering roller 102; 102' can be moved in pairs in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106' via respective common bearing mechanisms 112; 112' and / or actuators 111; 111', and in addition, the respective metering rollers 102; 102' can be moved via bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or actuators 109; 109'; 111; 111' be mounted in a direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respective laminated roller 103; 103'.

[0059] In a first, advantageous embodiment, a position-based actuator 109; 109', e.g., a bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' formed by a three-ring bearing 113; 113' or by a linear bearing 112; 112'; 113; 113', can be provided for positioning the respective metering roller 102; 102' as described above. A force-based actuator 111; 111, as described above, can be provided for positioning the respective metering roller 102; 102' in pairs.

[0060] In a second embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' can be adjusted by force and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 by position. The above is to be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0061] In a third embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be force-based, and in a fourth embodiment, the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be position-based. The above is to be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0062] In a particularly advantageous fifth embodiment, a combined positioning mechanism 112; 113; 112, 113 is provided for positioning at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least for positioning the pair of rollers 103, 102; 103', 102 in the above sense and / or in the above embodiment, which optionally allows position-based or force-based positioning of the pair towards the counter-pressure roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103.

[0063] In a second group of embodiments for the coating device 100* (see e.g. Fig. 8 bis Fig. 12 , Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 The second roller 003' of the second application unit 101', or a roller of the second application unit 101' that interacts directly or indirectly with the second roller 103' via one or more further rollers, forms a common gap 107 with the second or further roller 103 of the first application unit 101, which acts as a laminating roller 103, in a nip between their outer surfaces. This common gap 107 acts as a two-sided laminating gap 107, wherein the two laminating rollers 103; 103' forming the gap 107 between each other act as counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided between the latter and, in particular, can be coated on both sides with the dry films 003', 003' formed via the first and second film-forming gaps 104; 104'. Such an arrangement of two work units 101; 101' cooperating for the simultaneous bilateral order is hereinafter also referred to as double work unit 101, 101'.

[0064] The planes formed by the axes of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the metering roller 102; 102 and the laminating roller 103; 103' in the respective application unit 101; 101' intersect, for example, at most at an acute angle α, which is, for example, a maximum of 20°, advantageously a maximum of 5°, particularly at 0°, so that in the latter case the axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' of the two application units 101; 101' cooperating in a two-sided laminating gap 107 lie in the same plane or run parallel but vertically offset from each other.

[0065] In one initial design variant, the two planes run in a common horizontal plane or horizontally, but vertically offset from each other (see e.g. Fig. 8 ).

[0066] In a second embodiment, which is advantageous, for example, with regard to a small wrap-around, the two planes run in a common plane inclined to the horizontal, or in two planes inclined to the horizontal but offset vertically from each other. The common plane or the two offset planes are inclined to the horizontal at an acute angle β of 2° to 15°, in particular 3° to 10° (see, for example, Fig. 9 ).

[0067] In addition to the respective metering roller 102; 102' and the second roller 103; 103', a further roller 118; 118' in the aforementioned manner of a calender roller 118; 118' can also be provided here in an advantageous embodiment (see, e.g., the dashed lines in the figure for all embodiments of the second group). Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 ).

[0068] For the above-mentioned design variants and forms, in a first configuration for the roller bearing, a first of the two laminating rollers 103 or a further roller of a first of the two coating units 101, effective as a laminating roller, with its axis of rotation R103, can be operationally stationary, even if possiblyadjustable, mounted, while the second of the laminating rollers 103' or a further roller acting as a second laminating roller with the associated metering roller 102; 102' are mounted in pairs via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a common actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106', and in addition to this, the respective metering rollers 102; 102' are mounted via bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or actuators 109; 109'; 111; 111' in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respective associated laminating roller 103; 103' or further roller. In the case of one or more additional rollers between the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller acting as a laminating roller, for example,These can also be adjusted together in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106' via the common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or the common actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0069] In a first, advantageous embodiment, a position-based actuator 109; 109' in the above sense and / or in a version described above is provided for positioning the respective metering roller 102; 102'. For positioning the second laminating roller 103' with its associated metering roller 102' in pairs, a force-based actuator 111; 111 can be provided for force-based positioning in the above sense and / or in a version described above.

[0070] In a second embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' can be adjusted by force and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 by position. The above is to be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0071] In a third embodiment, however, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 can be adjusted by force, and in a fourth embodiment, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 can be adjusted by position. The above is to be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0072] In an advantageous fifth embodiment, a combined positioning mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 is provided for positioning at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least for positioning the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 in the above sense and / or in the above embodiment, which optionally allows position-based positioning of the pair against the laminating roller 103'; 103, which acts as a counter-pressure roller 103'; 103, via a position-based actuator 109; 109' and force-based positioning via a force-based actuator 111; 111'.

[0073] For all embodiments of the two groups of exemplary embodiments with jointly adjustable rollers 103'; 102'; 103; 102, these can be mounted on both sides in supports 122'; 122, in particular in side parts of a base frame, which in turn are mounted in a frame receiving the application units 101; 101' via bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113'; 113 formed by linear bearings 112; 112'; 113'; 113.

[0074] Alternatively, the two rollers 102; 103; 102; 102' that can be adjusted together can be mounted on both sides in supports, in particular in side parts of a base frame, which in turn are pivotably mounted about a pivot axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the first, stationary laminating roller 103; 103' (see e.g. Fig. 12 ).

[0075] As already mentioned, in a respective order unit 101; 101', at least one further roller, acting as a laminating roller and forming the laminating gap 107; 107' with the counter-pressure roller 106; 103', can be provided between the second roller 103; 103' and the nip point to the counter-pressure roller 106; 103'.

[0076] For all embodiments of the two groups of exemplary embodiments, a particularly advantageous further development in the respective assembly 101; 101' includes, for example, a material removal device 127; 127', which can be selectively attached to and detached from the outer surface of the first roller 102; 102' for cleaning purposes. This removal device extends, for example, at least over the width of the roller outer surface effective for film formation.

[0077] Instead, or advantageously in addition to this, the material removal unit 127; 127' in the respective application unit 101; 101' comprises two removal devices 116; 116', spaced apart from each other and arranged parallel to the axis of the second roller 103; 103', and attached or adjustable to the second roller 103; 103', by which a dry film 003; 003' conveyed over the second roller 103; 103' can be removed in the area of ​​its lateral edges and, for example, discharged into a collecting device 117; 117'. This removal serves, for example, as so-called edge trimming, to maintain a straight edge and / or a desired width b003; b003' of the dry film 003; 003. The collected quantity can be, for example, B. be returned to the supply of the powder mixture 004; 004'. Such a removal device 116; 116' can also be used to remove an edge strip 008; 008', which e.g.in determining the density ρ of the material layer 003; 003', as is shown below in connection with, for example, the . Fig. 20 has been explained.

[0078] For cleaning purposes, it is advantageous to provide a removal device 129; 129', in particular a cleaning squeegee 129; 129', which can be attached to and detached from the outer surface of the second roller 103; 103', and which extends, for example, at least over the width of the roller outer surface effective for film formation, and optionally a suction or collection device not shown.

[0079] For the supply or introduction of the powder mixture 004; 004' into the first gap 004; 004, a powder supply device 700; 700' is provided for supplying a powdered material, wherein in the area of ​​the gusset above the gap 104; 104' between the first and second roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' a filling and / or dispensing chamber 126 with a width extending in the axial direction of the second roller 103; 103' is preferably formed and / or provided.

[0080] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, two axially parallel partitions 124, in particular side plates 124, are provided in the coating unit 101; 101' above the first gap 104; 104'. These partitions are spaced apart from each other in an axially parallel direction to the first roller 102; 102' and are adjustable in the axially parallel direction. Each partition seals off a region of the upper gusset formed between the outer surfaces of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' towards both end faces of the coating unit 101; 101', thereby forming an intermediate filling and / or storage space 126, preferably variable in width, for receiving the powder mixture 004; 004'. Depending on the desired width and / or position of the dry film 003; 003' the filling and / or dispensing space 126 can thereby be varied or variable in the position of its lateral boundary 124 on at least one, preferably on both sides.As an alternative to a filling and / or dispensing chamber 126 directly limited in the lower area by the outer surfaces, a filling and / or dispensing chamber 126 in the form of a filling or dispensing funnel, e.g. comparable to an insertion aid mentioned below, could also be provided directly in or above the gusset – at least where this does not contradict other design features of the assembly 101; 101' or the powder feed 700; 700'.

[0081] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or configurations, the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' of the first roller 102; 102 is preferably designed such that a gap width for the first gap 104; 104' can be operationally adjusted to a variable clear width at the narrowest point of at least 15 µm, advantageously at least 30 µm, in particular at least 50 µm, and / or that the gap width of the first gap 104; 104' can be adjusted at least via the above-mentioned position-based drive means 132; 132' and / or via at least one-sided stop means limiting an angle position in the direction of the nip point and adjustable in their position, i.e., for example, an above-mentioned adjustable or positionable stop.

[0082] Alternatively or additionally, the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' are advantageously designed to set and / or apply a line force of, for example, at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, preferably a line force between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm, in the first gap 104; 104' at least in the area of ​​their width contributing to film formation, between the rollers 102; 102'; 102; 103' forming the first gap 104; 104', at least in the area of ​​their width contributing to film formation.

[0083] As mentioned above, for positioning the metering roller 102; 102' against the second roller 103; 103' - e.g. in one of the above embodiments and / or in the above sense - a combined positioning mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 can be provided, which optionally allows - e.g. in one operating mode - position-based positioning via a position-based actuator 109; 109' and - e.g. in a second operating mode - force-based positioning via a force-based actuator 111; 111'.

[0084] For all the above-mentioned versions, variants, configurations, embodiments or designs, and e.g., regardless of the above-mentioned implementation of the coating device 100; 100* with individual coating units 101; 101' with respective counter-pressure rollers 106; 106 or with combined coating units 101; 101' with mutually acting counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first and second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' is adjustable on the basis of a position-based actuator 109; 109' in the above sense, i.e., adjustable to a constant and / or defined gap width, e.g., positionable to a predetermined gap width or controllable via, e.g., a control chain or via, e.g., a control mechanism. B. a control loop, is controllable, whereby the position-based positioning is specifically aimed at a defined and constant relative position orThe gap width of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103 is directed in their working position, and / or the laminating gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106; 103'; 103 is adjustable in the above sense on the basis of a force-based actuator 111; 111', i.e., adjustable to a constant and / or defined actuating or line force, e.g., controllable with regard to a predetermined or desired actuating force via, for example, a pressure regulating valve or, for example, via a control section comprising such a pressure regulating valve, or, for example, controllable via such a control section comprising such a pressure regulating valve, wherein the force-based actuating is in particular to a defined and / or constant actuating or line force between the two rollers 106; 107' involved in the second gap. 106'; 103'; 103 is directed in its working position.For the avoidance of doubt, it should be noted that the line force or positioning force acting between the two rollers involved in the gap does not act directly, but rather via the material guided through the gap, in the case of the film formation gap 104; 104', for example, via the powdered material 004; 004', and in the case of the lamination gap 107; 107', via the product strand 002 which has the dry film 007 on one or both sides.

[0085] Without limiting the above specific embodiments, in principle any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can be adjusted by the corresponding actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or mounted on corresponding adjustment mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' as described above. This also applies to embodiments in which one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is mounted together with another roller involved in this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' non-participating roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' is jointly positioned in such a way as to be adjustable.

[0086] Also, e.g., regardless of the above implementation of the coating device 100; 100* with individual coating units 101; 101' with respective counter-pressure rollers 106; 106 or with combined coating units 101; 101' with mutually acting counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first and second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' of the same coating unit 101; 101' and / or the laminating gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the cooperating counter-pressure roller 106; 106; 103' is in a particularly advantageous embodiment with regard to optimal adjustability. 103 - for example, not only position- or force-based, but - based on a combined actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' optionally - especially in the above sense - position-based, e.g. positionable with respect to the gap width, controllable via e.g. a control chain or controllable via e.g. a control loop, i.e. in e.g.The system is designed to be adjustable in one operating mode to a constant and / or defined relative position of the two rollers and / or a constant and / or defined gap width, or in another operating mode, it is designed to be force-based, e.g., with respect to the actuating force via, for example, a pressure regulating valve or a control section comprising such a pressure regulating valve, or to be regulated via, for example, a control section comprising such a pressure regulating valve, i.e., adjustable in another operating mode to a defined and / or constant actuating or line force, e.g., with respect to a predetermined or desired actuating force via, for example, a pressure regulating valve or a control section comprising such a pressure regulating valve, or to be regulated via, for example, a control section comprising such a pressure regulating valve.In particular, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is selectively mounted in a combined adjusting mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 so that it can be adjusted either positionally or force-based, and / or the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can be selectively adjusted to a constant and / or defined gap width or to a constant and / or defined actuating or line force in the above sense. Here too, without limiting the above specific embodiments, any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 107' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can be used. 106' can be adjusted by the corresponding combined actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or mounted on corresponding combined actuating mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' as described above.This also applies to embodiments in which one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is mounted together with another roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' not involved in this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' in such a way as to be adjustable.

[0087] The combined actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' is in an advantageous embodiment formed by a force-based actuator 111; 111' with an actuating mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112', in whose actuating path a stop can optionally be inserted for position limitation, e.g. via drive or actuating means.

[0088] For positioning, the first roller 102; 102' can be mounted via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or an actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111', which may be position-based, force-based, or optionally position- or force-based, in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respective second roller 103; 103'. Additionally or instead, the counter-pressure roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103 can be mounted via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or an actuator 109; 109'; 111, which may be position-based, force-based, or optionally position- or force-based. 111' in a direction with at least one movement component towards the second or an intermediate further roller 103; 103' be mounted so that it can be positioned towards and / or away from it.

[0089] Alternatively, the first roller 103; 103' with its associated second roller 102; 102' can be mounted in pairs via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or a common, e.g., position-based or force-based, or optionally position- or force-based actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' so that it can move in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106', and in addition, the respective first roller 102; 102' can be mounted via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or an, e.g., position-based or force-based, or optionally position- or force-based actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' is mounted in a direction with at least one movement component towards the respective second roller 103; 103' positioned towards and / or away from it.

[0090] For all the above-mentioned versions, variants, configurations, embodiments or designs, the first roller 102; 102' and the second roller 103, 103' forming the first gap 104; 104' with it can be driven or operated in opposite directions and with different circumferential speeds and / or by different drive motors, in particular at least speed-controllable or controllable servo motors, mechanically independently of each other.

[0091] The first roller 102; 102' is operated at a lower speed, wherein the first roller 102; 102', in particular metering roller 102; 102', and the associated second roller 103; 103', in particular laminating roller 103; 103', can be operated or are operated in an operational ratio V102(102') : V103(103') of their peripheral speed of the first to the second roller 102, 102'; 103; 103', which is in a range between 1 : 5 to 3 : 5, in particular at 1 : 4.

[0092] The rollers 103; 106; 103; 103' forming the second gap 107; 107' are preferably driven or operated at the same circumferential speed by a common drive motor, in particular a servo motor, or preferably by different drive motors, in particular servo motors, mechanically independently of each other.

[0093] In an advantageous embodiment, the mechanically independent drive motors can be operated from a drive control system via an electronic, in particular virtual, guide axis.

[0094] A further development is particularly advantageous in which the first roller 102; 102' has a surface that is more material-repellent and / or less adhesively effective with regard to the powder mixture in the area of ​​its surface that contributes to film formation than the second roller 103; 103' in the area of ​​its surface that contributes to film formation.

[0095] At least the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can have a polished and / or chrome-plated or ceramic-coated surface, at least in the area of ​​its outer surface contributing to film formation. The first roller 102; 102' can have a structured or material-repellent surface, at least in the area of ​​its outer surface contributing to film formation.

[0096] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or configurations, the first and / or the second roller 102; 102; 103; 103' is temperature-controlled, in particular heatable, preferably such that its outer surface - e.g. at an ambient temperature of 25°C - can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C.

[0097] Instead or preferably in addition to this, the roller 106; 106' of the first group of embodiments, which acts only as a counter-pressure roller 106; 106'; 103; 103, can also be temperature-controlled, in particular heated, preferably such that its outer surface - e.g. at an ambient temperature of 25°C - can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C.

[0098] For all the aforementioned versions, variants, configurations, embodiments, or configurations, the two application units 101; 101' can, in an advantageous embodiment, be mounted together with one or more substrate guide elements 121, optionally arranged directly in front of, behind, or between them, in a common frame, e.g., two end-face side walls of the same frame. This allows for a compact and / or inherently rigid and / or mutually defined arrangement of the application units 101; 101' in a laminating unit 100; 100* designed as an aggregate 100; 100*, e.g., a laminating unit 100; 100*.

[0099] In the event that a calender 600; 600*, also referred to as calender 600, 600* and described below, is provided in the substrate path – e.g., directly – downstream of the laminating unit 100; 100*, the rollers 601; 601'; 602; 602* encompassed by the calender 600; 600* can, in an advantageous embodiment, also be mounted in this frame 603 or, in an advantageous variant, e.g., as a separate unit 600; 600*, e.g., calender unit 600; 600*, in the side walls of a separate frame 603 arranged directly on and / or above the frame 128 supporting the coating units 101; 101'.

[0100] For example, in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 In the illustrated embodiment of the machine, which may be somewhat longer, but in which, for example, the risk of vibration transmission between the units 100; 100*; 600; 600*, in particular at least between the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600; 600*, is reduced, the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600 provided therein are arranged horizontally side by side, preferably even in separate frames 128; 603, which are, for example, vibrationally isolated from each other. The calendering unit 600; 600* can, in a variant not shown, be configured as follows: Fig. 15 and / or Fig. 16 also omitted.

[0101] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or configurations, the actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' encompassed by it, at least of the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107', preferably designed to form a gap width b107 of at least 15 µm, advantageously of at least 30 µm, in particular of at least 50 µm, at the narrowest point during operation and / or, in particular at least within the limits defining the maximum travel distance, a product strand 002; 002' to be formed between the two rollers 103; 106; 103; 103' and / or by at least one actuating mechanism 112; 112' and / or at least an actuator 109; 109' to form a gap width adjusting the pressure or line force caused by the actuating or line force, and / or in the second gap 107; 107' at least in the area of ​​its width contributing to film formation a line force of e.g.at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, preferably a line force between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm, is to be set and / or applied between the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107', and / or to enable the maintenance of a constant desired line force even with fluctuating dry film thickness by – e.g., automatic or controlled – adjustment of at least one of the two rollers 103; 106; 103; 103'. In contrast to adjustment controlled via a control loop, automatic adjustment is, for example, adjustment that is carried out by the drive means itself and without adjustment via an additional control loop.

[0102] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or configurations, a particularly advantageous further development provides an extraction system 123; 123' above the respective assembly 101; 101' or assembly 101; 101', through which any escaping gases or vapors that may be generated can be extracted.

[0103] The rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' of the above-mentioned coating units 101; 101' are preferably designed with a width usable for film formation and / or coating in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm, in particular from 500 mm to 700 mm.

[0104] Although in principle any device designed for supplying powdered material 700; 700' can be provided, through which powder mixture 004 can be supplied to the application unit 101; 101' in the first gap 104; 104' formed between the first and the second roller, a supply 700; 700' is particularly preferred, through which a defined and / or controllable stream of powder mixture 004 can be supplied to the gap 104; 104' directly or indirectly, or via a feed aid 711 provided above the roller gap 104; 104', e.g. in the form of a funnel trough 711, evenly across the entire discharge width.The following are particularly advantageous embodiments or variants for the device for feeding powdered material 700; 700', which can be considered individually or advantageously in combination with any embodiment or configuration of the described applicator units 101; 101' and / or coating devices 100; 100* and / or machine configurations. The devices for feeding powdered material 700; 700' shown in the figures relating to the configurations of the applicator units 101; 101' and / or coating devices 100; 100* and / or machine configurations can be understood schematically and can be implemented in one of the following embodiments.

[0105] In a preferred embodiment, the device for supplying the powdered material 700; 700' may have at least one dispensing device 701 that controls and / or defines the dispensed quantity. This dispensing device 701 may, for example, be designed as a metering device 701 or may at least comprise a metering unit 704; 721. A dispensing device 701 designed as a metering unit 701 or comprising a metering unit 704; 721 may, in principle, be configured in a wide variety of ways such that a controlled flow of material 004; 004' can be dispensed by it in the manner described above. In a preferred embodiment, the flow of powdered material 004; 004' can be dispensed by means of the dispensing device 701 to a downstream conveying device 702, for example, a linear conveyor 702, preferably designed as a conveyor belt 702. Through this conveying device 702, the powdered material 004; 004' - e.g.The powder can be conveyed downstream on a conveying width extending transversely to the conveying direction TP – in the manner of a powder bed or layer – and preferably directly or, if necessary, indirectly, e.g., via one or more further conveying devices, fed directly to the nip 104; 104' or the optionally provided feed aid 711 on a feed width extending transversely to the conveying direction TP. The conveying device 702, in particular a roller 705 enclosed by the conveyor belt 702, e.g., a deflection roller 705, in particular a drive roller 705, is preferably variable with respect to the conveying speed and can be driven, for example, by a drive means 712 that is variable with respect to the speed, e.g., a drive motor 712, in particular a servo motor 712. To facilitate transport, the surface of a conveyor device 702 designed as a conveyor belt 702 may preferably be rough and / or may have an incline descending in the conveying direction TP.The feed width here corresponds exactly or at least approximately, i.e. with e.g. a maximum deviation of ± 10 %, to a feed width of a filling and / or feed space 123 which is limited in width on both sides and receives the material 004; 004' directly in the roller gap 104; 104' or in an insertion aid possibly provided above it.

[0106] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, e.g., with regard to a defined and / or uniform feed into the conveying section of the powder feed device 700; 700', the powder feed device 700; 700' comprises a dispensing device 701, 701' designed in the manner of a metering device 701; 701', which, as a metering device 704 relating in particular to the conveying speed, comprises a linear conveyor 704, which is preferably designed as a vibratory conveyor 704 – in particular an electromagnetically operated or operable one – and by which powdered material 004, 004' can be metered to a downstream conveying device 702, e.g., a linear conveyor 702, in particular a downstream conveyor belt 702. The dispensing to orThe material is not fed onto the conveyor belt 702 at a single point in a narrowly defined location, but rather section by section or continuously across a discharge width which – at least in the operating position – preferably corresponds exactly or at least approximately, i.e., with a maximum deviation of ± 10%, to the relevant feed width for feeding into the nip 104; 104'. Preferably – e.g., to adapt to different product formats or for correction purposes – the discharge width for the discharge of the material 004; 004' by the metering device 701, i.e., when fed onto the conveyor belt 704 transversely to the conveying direction TP, is adjustable in width and / or lateral position, e.g., manually or advantageously remotely by means of a drive mechanism. Additionally, e.g.,Lateral limits 717, e.g., side guides 717, are provided on the vibrating table 706 – for example, manually or, in a further automatable version, remotely operated by a drive means – which can be moved transversely to the conveying direction TP. This means that no significant change in the flow width is required on the subsequent conveying device 702, which could otherwise potentially have a disruptive effect on the horizontal height profile.

[0107] In an advantageous further development, the conveying width on the conveyor belt – e.g., for the reasons mentioned above – is also adjustable in width and / or lateral position. For this purpose, lateral limits 716, e.g., side guides 716, which can be moved transversely to the conveying direction TP, are provided, for example, manually or, in a further automatable version, remotely by means of a drive mechanism. These limits can be varied in their lateral position via a corresponding mechanism, e.g., a threaded spindle or threaded spindle sections. The discharge width corresponds – at least in the operating position – preferably exactly or at least approximately, i.e., with a maximum deviation of ± 5%, to the feed width ultimately relevant and desired for feeding into the nip 104; 104'. The discharge and conveying widths can be adjustable mechanically independently of each other, mechanically coupled, or coupled via the control system.

[0108] The metering device 701 or the effective dispensing device 701 or the at least one metering device 704; 721 is preferably adjustable in such a fine way in the powder stream that, in the relevant area for the specific, i.e. width-related dispensing rate, a constant and / or, in particular with an accuracy in the dispensing quantity of a maximum of 3%, in particular a maximum of 2% deviation from the target dispensing quantity, controllable stream of powder mixture 004 can be dispensed to a conveying device 702, in particular the conveyor belt 702, which is operated in particular at a constant and / or controlled speed, in the relevant area for the specific, i.e. width-related dispensing rate.

[0109] For example, in Fig. 17 In a particularly advantageous embodiment, e.g., with regard to a defined and / or uniform transport in at least a first part of the conveying path of the powder feed device 700; 700', a linear feeder 704, preferably electromagnetic, and in particular designed as a vibratory feeder 704, is provided as a first or only metering device 704. This extends in the width running in the axial direction of the rollers 102, 103; 102'; 103', e.g., over a discharge width which preferably corresponds exactly or at least approximately, i.e., with a maximum deviation of ± 5%, to the feed width ultimately relevant and desired for feeding into the nip 104; 104'. The discharge width is preferably adjustable. Above this vibratory feeder 704, an outlet of a supply device 703 opens, extending sectionally or continuously over an outlet width. B. a supply line 703 or, for example, in Fig. 17 The figure shows a feed container 703 from which powdered material can be dispensed to the linear conveyor 704. A supply device 703 designed as a feed container 703 can, for example, be configured as a funnel-shaped container, at least in its lower part, e.g., in the form of a feed funnel 703, and can be filled, e.g., manually or via a piping system. It can advantageously include a fluidizing device, such as a device for injecting a gaseous medium, in particular air. In the illustrated and advantageous embodiment, the metering device 701 comprises the vibratory conveyor 704 and a supply device 703 that holds at least a certain amount of material 004; 004' and can be referred to here, e.g., as a metering device with a vibratory drive 701 or, in short, as a metering vibrator 701, and, e.g.,a unit representing a sub-assembly and available as such, which can be refilled, for example, manually or via a supply line from a stock.

[0110] The vibratory conveyor 704 comprises, for example, a vibratory table 706 and a drive means 707 driving it, in particular a vibratory or shaking drive 707 driving it, especially an electromagnetically excited one, wherein the terms vibratory or shaking drive 707 are understood here to mean synonymous with a drive device 707 driving a shaking or shaking device. The vibratory or shaking drive 707 or a control unit controlling this vibratory drive 707 is preferably variable in its vibration frequency and / or amplitude, and / or the vibratory table 706 is adjustable with respect to its gradient in the conveying direction TP, either manually or by means of a drive means 715, e.g., an actuator 715.

[0111] In addition to the metering device 704 formed by a vibratory conveyor 704, a metering device 721 can be provided in a system that varies the discharge flow at the outlet and thus the feed flow onto the conveyor 702, for example, with regard to a particularly well-defined feed flow and / or for pre-metering. Such a device can be provided, for example, by a Fig. 17 The actuating mechanism 721, which is only schematically indicated, may be provided by means of associated drive means 722, e.g. by one or more actuators 722; 722.x, in conjunction with a metering device 721 relating to the feed level on the conveying device 702, e.g. a distance between the outlet and the top of the linear conveyor 704 and / or in conjunction with a metering device 721 relating to the discharge flow at the outlet, e.g. a free flow cross-section from or in the supply device 703 can be varied.

[0112] As a metering device 721 relating to the discharge flow at the outlet, a controllable actuating mechanism 721, which varies the outlet cross-section via one or more associated drive means 722; 722.x, e.g., one or more actuators 722, can be arranged upstream or downstream of the outlet of the supply device 703. Such an actuating mechanism can be configured as follows: Fig. 17 The actuating element 723, shown here only symbolically, may comprise a flap 723 extending across the outlet width and actuated by the actuator 722, or a slide 723, or several actuating elements 723.x arranged side by side across the outlet width and adjustable independently of one another by several actuators 722.x, such as flap or slide segments 723.x (see, for example, the example in Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 In the case of several actuating elements 723.x that can be adjusted by means of drive means 722.x, the flow cross-section or discharge flow can, for example, be varied and / or individually corrected across the discharge width.

[0113] As an additional or alternative metering device 721 relating to the feeder 702, one or more associated drive means 722; 722.x, e.g. one or more actuators 722, may be provided which vary the distance between the outlet of the supply device 703 and the top of the linear conveyor 704 via a corresponding actuating mechanism 723, e.g. a gearbox, in particular raising or lowering the supply device 703 or the part comprising the outlet.

[0114] In principle, regardless of the design of the dispensing device 701 with a metering unit 704 designed as a vibratory feeder 704 and the presence and / or design of a further metering unit 721 mentioned above, but preferably in conjunction with a metering unit 704 designed as a vibratory feeder 704 and / or, for example, at least one further metering unit 721 mentioned above, in an embodiment of the powder feed device 700; 700' that is particularly advantageous, for example, with regard to a more uniform material flow, the feed unit is located above the linear feeder 702 downstream of the dispensing device 701 in the conveying direction TP between the point of material feed onto the linear feeder 702 and a discharge point at the roller gap 104; 104' or the optionally provided feed aid 711, or optionally...A receiving device 708, extending horizontally over at least the conveying width and adjustable in distance to the top of the linear conveyor 704, is provided on a further downstream conveying device.

[0115] Provided that the underside of the take-up device 708 and the top of the linear conveyor 704 are parallel over at least its effective length, a desired and uniform layer thickness of the material 004; 004' to be conveyed on the linear conveyor 702 or conveyor belt 702 can be determined or represented across the conveying width. If material 004; 004' of a thickness at least equal to the distance between the take-up device 708 and the top of the linear conveyor 704 is applied across the entire conveying width upstream of the take-up device 708, a material flow with a uniform layer thickness of the powdered material 004; 004', defined by the position of the take-up device 708, is ensured downstream of the take-up device 708.

[0116] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the take-off device 708 is designed as a take-off blade 708, preferably adjustable transversely to the conveying direction TP, which performs, for example, an oscillating or alternating back-and-forth movement during operation. For this purpose, the take-off blade 708 is, for example, axially movable and driven in an alternating or adjustable manner by a drive means 709, e.g., a drive motor 709. This drive motor 709 can be designed directly as a linear motor or as a rotary motor driving the take-off blade 708 via an alternating gear. In an advantageous further development, the take-off device 708 is equipped with a - e.g., Fig. 17 The drive element 719, shown only schematically, e.g. an actuator 719, for example remotely operated via a signal connection S6, adjustable in distance to the conveyor device 702.

[0117] In an alternative embodiment, the take-off device 708 can be a roller, in particular a so-called roller doctor blade, which is rotatable or rotating on its underside in the opposite direction of conveying TP. In a further development, this roller can additionally be changeable in the manner described above via appropriate drive means and bearings.

[0118] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of a powder feed device 700; 700', which is applicable, for example, to all embodiments, configurations, and variants of the powder feed device 700; 700' presented here, at least one sensor system with a preferably non-contact sensor 713; 714 is provided, which, for example, provides information on the vertical position of a powder layer surface and / or which, for example, is based on a non-contact measuring principle, e.g.based on sound waves or electromagnetic radiation and / or which, together with a control and / or regulating device 724 connected via a signal connection S1; S3, in particular with a control logic or electronic control circuit included by the control and / or regulating device 724, and with one of the or a metering or conveying device 702; 704; 721 for varying the delivery or conveying rate, forms a control loop R11; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37 via a respective signal connection S2; S4; S5; S7.

[0119] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, applicable to all embodiments, configurations and variants of the powder feed device 700; 700' presented here, a sensor, in particular a level sensor, is provided as a sensor providing information on the height of a powder layer. This sensor 713, hereinafter referred to as a level sensor 713, provides information on the fill level in the roller gap 104; 104' or in the feed aid 711. The level sensor 713 is directed – in particular from above – into the cleavage of the roller gap 104; 104' or into the interior of a feed aid 711, which may be provided above the roller gap 104; 104', and is directed towards the powder layer, in particular the powder layer surface, and thereby provides information corresponding to a fill level in the roller gap 104; 104 or in the feed aid 711 – at least at the location under consideration.

[0120] An advantageously provided control loop R11; R14; R15; R17 comprises a level sensor system with sensor 713 for detecting information representing the fill level of powdered material 004; 004' in the roller gap 104; 104 or in the feed aid 711. In such a control loop R1; R1', for example, sensor 713, which provides information on the fill level in the roller gap 104; 104' or in the feed aid 711, is connected via signal to a control logic or circuit comprised of a control and / or regulating device 724, which in turn is connected via signal connection S2; S4; S5; S7 to the control means of one or more drive means 712; 722; 715; 707 of one or more conveying and / or metering devices 702; 704; 721 for varying the conveying and / or discharge or feed rate of powdered material 004, 004'.

[0121] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, especially for phases of changing machine speeds such as a start-up phase, a control loop R12 relating to the conveying speed of the conveying device 702 is provided. In this loop, the level sensor is connected via the control and / or regulating device 724, or a control logic or circuit encompassed and appropriately configured by it, to a drive element 712 that drives the conveying device 702, here, for example, the dispensing device 701 that drives the conveyor belt 702. The conveying speed is controlled by the respective drive element 712, for example, depending on the level, such that the conveying speed is increased when a defined lower limit for the level is undershot and decreased when a defined upper limit is exceeded.

[0122] Instead of, or in addition to, the level-dependent variation, the drive of the conveyor 702 can be controlled by a control system that correlates with a quantity V representing the machine speed via a stored relationship. This allows the conveyor 702 to operate faster, for example, when the machine speed increases, and slower when the machine speed decreases. The level-dependent control mentioned above can be subordinate to this control system.

[0123] Instead of or in addition to the aforementioned control loop R12 concerning the delivery rate and / or the machine speed-dependent control of the conveying device 702, an advantageous embodiment may provide a control loop R15; R14; R17 concerning the dispensing device 701, in particular the delivery rate of the dispensing device 701 to the conveying device 702, in which the level sensor is connected via the control and / or regulating device 724 or a control logic or circuit comprised by it and appropriately configured, in signal connection S4; S5; S7 with one or more drive means 722; 722.x; 707; 715 comprised by the dispensing device 701 for metering purposes, e.g. in a control loop R15 concerning the dispensing device 701 with a drive means 722; 722.x.x of the actuating mechanism 721 upstream of or associated with the outlet and / or in another control loop R14 relating to the dispensing device 701 to the vibration drive 707 and / or in a further control loop R117 relating to the dispensing device 701 to the actuator 715 for the table slope. The aforementioned control loops R15; R14; R17 relating to the dispensing device 701 can be provided individually, in pairs or all together, wherein in the case of several such control loops R15; R14; R17 a cascading or prioritization of individual control algorithms is preferably provided.

[0124] A control of the dispensing device 701 based on the level sensor, in particular of the control loop(s) R15; R14; R17 or control loops R15; R14; R17 relating to the dispensing rate of the dispensing device 701 to the conveying device 702 by the respective drive means 722; 722.x; 707; 715, is carried out, for example, in a level-dependent manner, such that if a defined lower limit for the level is undershot, the dispensing rate is increased and if a defined upper limit is exceeded, the dispensing rate is reduced.

[0125] Instead of varying the dispensing rate based on the fill level, or preferably in addition to this, the dosing by the dosing device 701 can be subject to a control system correlated with a quantity V representing the machine speed. This control system allows the dosing device 701, or one or more dosing devices 704; 721 encompassed by it, to increase the dispensing rate when the machine speed increases, for example, by appropriately controlling one or more of the aforementioned drive means 722; 722.x; 707; 715, and to decrease the rate when the machine speed decreases. This control system can be correlated with the aforementioned machine-speed-dependent control of the conveying device 702 and / or be subordinate to the aforementioned fill-level-dependent control of the dispensing device 701.

[0126] In a further development of the version comprising the take-off device 708, the feed rate can also be varied, e.g. preset, by manually or remotely actuating via a signal connection S6 or, if necessary, by varying the distance of the take-off device 708 via an associated drive means 719 in a control loop (R16) not explicitly shown here.

[0127] In principle independent of, but advantageously in conjunction with, the aforementioned level sensor and / or one or more of the aforementioned control loops R12; R14; R15; R17 (R16) that are based on the level, an advantageous embodiment, particularly comprising a linear conveyor 702, provides, for example, an alternative or further sensor providing information on the vertical position of a powder layer surface, namely a layer level sensor. This sensor provides information on the vertical level of the powder layer surface on the conveyor 702. This includes a sensor 714, preferably operating without contact, which provides information on the layer height or at least the level of the powder layer surface on the conveyor 702.The optical or ultrasonic sensor is directed at the profile of the powder layer from one side and provides at least information on the vertical position of at least one highest elevation of the powder layer across the conveying width perpendicular to the conveying direction TP. Assuming a stable vertical position of the conveying device 702 during operation, the level of the powder layer surface represents the resulting powder layer thickness.

[0128] In a simple case, the 714 sensor, for example, merely monitors whether a certain level of the highest point is exceeded or fallen below, and the result is used, for instance, for control purposes. Monitoring for exceeding or falling below a specific height can be achieved, for example, with a single-beam light barrier or a linear ultrasonic sensor. In a more complex, but potentially more informative, design, the sensor can also provide information—at least within a certain bandwidth—about the vertical position of the highest point currently present across the conveyor width. For this purpose, a sensor extending vertically over a certain height, such as a light curtain or an ultrasonic sensor with vertical resolution, can be used.

[0129] In principle independent of, but advantageously in conjunction with, one or more of the aforementioned level-based control loops R12, R15, R14, or R17 and / or a aforementioned speed-dependent control, a control loop R35, R34, or R37 is provided in an advantageous embodiment of a device comprising the dispensing device 708, which includes a layer level sensor with a layer level sensor 714. In such a control loop R35, R34, or R37, this sensor is connected via a signal to a control logic or circuit comprised of a aforementioned control and / or regulating device 724, which in turn is in signal communication with the control means of one or more drive means 707, 722, or 715 of one or more aforementioned metering devices 704 or 721 for varying the dispensing rate of the metering device 701. Control of the metering device 701 with regard to the dispensing rate or...The dispensing rate of a dosing device 704; 721 included by the respective drive means 707; 722; 715 is, for example, level-dependent, i.e., dependent on the information supplied by the layer level sensor, for example, in such a way that if a defined lower limit for the surface level or a setpoint is undershot, e.g. by more than a permissible tolerance, the dispensing rate dispensed by the dispensing device 701 or fed onto the conveying device 702 is increased, and if a defined upper limit or the setpoint is exceeded, e.g. by more than a permissible tolerance, the dispensing rate is reduced by at least one control loop R35; R34; R37 comprising the layer level sensor 714.

[0130] Instead of or in addition to a control loop R12 concerning the conveying rate and / or the machine speed-dependent control of the conveying device 702 and / or a control loop R15; R14; R17 concerning the dispensing device 701, in particular the dispensing rate of the dispensing device 701 onto the conveying device 702 as a function of the fill level, an advantageous embodiment may therefore include a control loop R35; R34; R37 concerning the dispensing device 701, in particular the dispensing rate of the dispensing device 701 onto the conveying device 702 as a function of the layer level, in which the layer level sensor is in signal communication with one or more drive means 722; 722.x; 707; 715 included by the dispensing device 701 for metering purposes via the control and / or regulating device 724 or a control logic or circuit comprised by it and appropriately configured, e.g.in a control loop R35 relating to the dispensing device 701 with a drive means 722; 722.x of the actuating mechanism 721 upstream of or associated with the outlet and / or in another control loop R34 relating to the dispensing device 701 with the vibration drive 707 and / or in a further control loop R37 relating to the dispensing device 701 with the actuator 715 for the table slope. The aforementioned control loops R35; R34; R37 relating to the dispensing device 701 can be provided individually, in pairs or all together, wherein in the case of several such control loops R35; R34; R37 a cascading or prioritization of individual control algorithms is preferably provided.

[0131] A powder feed device 700; 700 with a metering device 701, in particular a metering device 701 with a metering unit with a vibration drive 702, and a downstream conveying device 702, in particular a linear conveyor 702, is advantageously operated as follows: The dispensing device 701, which is designed in particular as a metering device 701, is initially and during operation filled as required with powdered material 004; 004' to be processed, and the material is metered from the metering device 701 to the conveying device 702, in particular by vibration. In a particularly advantageous embodiment using aThe dispensing device 708 dispenses slightly more material 004; 004' to the conveying device 702 than is actually dispensed, for example, up to 10%, preferably only up to 5%. This excess material is then removed or retained to a specific, in particular adjustable, height by the preferably variable dispensing device to ensure a uniform material layer thickness. The dispensing rate of the dispensing device 701 to the conveying device 702 can be controlled, for example, via a control loop R35; R34; R37 comprising the level sensor 14 on the conveying device 702, such that the detected level always corresponds at least to the set distance to the conveying device 702, and advantageously even exceeds it.

[0132] The powdered material 004; 004' conveyed on the conveying device 702, preferably under the receiving device 708 in the manner described above, is conveyed by the conveying device 702 directly or, if necessary, via a further conveying device into the gap 104; 104' or an introduction aid 711 provided thereon.

[0133] The conveying device 702 and, if applicable, a subsequent conveying device can, in an advantageous embodiment, be controlled via a control loop R12 with a level sensor 713, which monitors the level in the gap 004; 004' or in the insertion aid 711, in the manner set out above.

[0134] In an advantageous further development, for a format change in the product 001; 002 to be manufactured, the dispensing width of the dispensing device 701 and / or the conveying width of the conveying device 702 is adjusted manually or preferably remotely via appropriate drive means.

[0135] In order to vary, for example, the maximum material feed beyond dosing by the dispensing device 701 or alternatively to this, the distance of the dispensing device 708 to the conveying device 702 can be varied in an advantageous embodiment.

[0136] For the above-mentioned versions and variants of the powder feed device 700 (e.g. in conjunction with Fig. 17 ) and especially for deviations from this, e.g. in connection with Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 The presented designs and design variants for the dispensing or metering device 701 are – fundamentally independent of the aforementioned sensors 713; 714 or control circuits R12; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more of the aforementioned sensors 713; 714 or control circuits R12; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37 – to measure the powder flow exiting the powder feed device 700 and fed into the roller gap 104, 104' or into the feed aid 711 optionally arranged above it – in particular in a drop section between the conveying device 702 or a last conveying device 702 encompassed by the powder feed device 700; 700' and the roller gap 104; 104" or an insertion aid 711, if provided, - sensors 726; 731 directed at at least one point or preferably over the entire width, in particular drop width, continuously or at several points, either pointwise or sectionally, e.g.Powder flow sensor 726; 731, comprising, for example, a sensor 728; 733, is provided, which makes it possible to provide information on the powder flow, in particular on its size and / or homogeneity. Such sensor 726; 731, or the information obtained therefrom, can, in the first embodiment, provide an integral quantity I; F, i.e., a sum obtained over the considered width, e.g., the entire width or a continuous or partially interrupted section, in particular the drop width of the powder flow, e.g., the measured quantity I; F, or, in the second embodiment, preferably provide individual, spatially resolved values ​​of such a quantity Ix; Fx within the width.

[0137] In the first embodiment, information about the powder flow in the observed area can be obtained via an integral value of the quantity I; F. If detection is not performed across the entire width, this value can be used as a first approximation for the total flow. This allows, for example, the control of a powder flow in a control loop R82; R85 as described below, e.g., keeping it constant or—for example, if empirically determined relationships exist between the measured quantity I; F and the throughput—controlling or regulating the powder flow with respect to its throughput.

[0138] In an advantageous embodiment of this first design, a control loop R82; R85 is provided, comprising an integral powder flow sensor 726; 731 with a sensor 728; 733. In such a control loop R82; R85, this sensor is connected via a signal connection S8 to a control logic or circuit comprised of a control and / or regulating device 724, which in turn is connected via a signal connection S2; S5; S7 to the control means of one or more drive means 712; 707; 722; 715 of one or more conveying or metering devices 704; 721 for varying the conveying rate of the conveying device and / or the dispensing rate of the metering device 701. The control logic or circuit in question is connected to the control means of one or more drive means 712; 707; 722; 715 of one or more conveying or metering devices 704; 721 for varying the conveying rate of the conveying device and / or the dispensing rate of the metering device 701. B. in a control loop R82 concerning the delivery rate via the drive means 712 driving the conveying device 702 and / or in a control loop R85 concerning the dispensing device 701 with a drive means 722; 722.x of the actuating mechanism 721 upstream of or associated with the outlet in signal connection S2; S5. For an embodiment with a dispensing device with a vibratory feeder 704, a control logic or circuit of the control and / or regulating device 724, connected to a sensor 728; 733 of the powder flow sensor 726; 731, can be connected in another control loop (not shown) relating to the dispensing device 701 to the vibratory drive 707 and / or in a further control loop relating to the dispensing device 701 (not shown) to the actuator 715 for the table slope. The aforementioned control loops R82; R85 relating to the dispensing device 701 and / or conveying device 702 can be provided individually, in groups, or all together, whereby in the case of several such control loops R82; R85, a cascading or prioritization of individual control algorithms is preferably provided.

[0139] In a second embodiment, with sensors 726; 731 provided at several points or in sections, individual, spatially resolved values ​​of a quantity Ix; Px can be obtained across the width for each individual section or measuring point, providing information about the powder flow in the respective section or at the respective measuring point, each representing a measure of the powder flow in the respective section or at the respective measuring point. This allows, for example, a total powder flow to be controlled in a control loop R82; R85 as described above – e.g., after summation or averaging – and, for example, kept constant, or – for example, if empirically determined relationships exist between the determined quantity I; F and the throughput – the powder flow to be controlled or regulated with respect to its throughput.Instead of or in addition to this integral evaluation and a control based on it, however, for several or all sections or measuring points in respective control loops R82; R85 a powder fraction flow can be controlled or regulated at least relative to powder fraction flows in other sections or at other measuring points or - for example, if there are empirically determined relationships between the determined quantity Ix; Fx and the quantity of the throughput - the powder fraction flow in question, in particular the powder fraction flow, can be controlled or regulated with regard to the throughput.

[0140] In an advantageous embodiment of this second design, a control loop R82; R85 is provided for several or all sections or measuring locations, each with its own sensor 728.x; 733.x. This sensor 728.x; 733.x is connected in such a control loop R82; R85 to a control logic or circuit comprised of a control and / or regulating device 724, which in turn is connected to control means of several drive means 722.x of a metering device 721 that can be adjusted in width section by section or segment for the section-by-section variation of the dispensing rate from the metering device 701. Sections or measuring locations with their own sensors 728.x; 733.x correspond to sections or segments, in particular actuator segments 723.x, of a metering device 721 that can be adjusted in sections, e.g. B. with above and actuating element segments 723.x driven by drive means 722.x, e.g. flap or slide segments 723.x.The control of the individual actuators 723.x or actuator segments 723.x is achieved, for example, by ensuring that the same powder flow is detected by the sensors 726; 731 in all sections under consideration. If required, the control can also be directed towards a desired profile, i.e., with different powder flows across the width of the sections under consideration.

[0141] In an advantageous embodiment (see e.g. Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 ) includes the powder feed device 700; 700' as already mentioned above. Fig. 17 A conveying device 702 is shown, through which powdered material 004, 004' is conveyed across a conveying width and from there fed to an underlying roller gap 104; 104 or to a feed aid 711, if provided. The feeding itself is effected in particular by the powder stream falling after reaching the end of the conveying device 702 or a last conveying device, via a drop path and into the roller gap 104; 104' or the feed aid 711.

[0142] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of a powder feed device 700; 700' in one of the embodiments or variants set out above or below, the powder flow sensor 726; 731 is provided in the area of ​​the fall path between the single or downstream last conveying device 701 of the powder feed device 700; 700' and the roller gap 104; 104' or the optionally provided feed aid 711.

[0143] Such a powder flow sensor 726; 731 is, for example, in conjunction with an advantageous embodiment for the dispensing device 701 according to Fig. 18 and Fig. 19 shown, whereby for these, the same reference symbols as previously shown apply to functionally comparable or identical parts. Fig. 17 use. Unlike the one based on Fig. 17 In the illustrated embodiment, the dispensing device 701 is shown here without a vibratory feeder 704, but instead with, for example, a Fig. 17 The metering device 721, which is only schematically indicated and relates to the discharge flow at the outlet of the supply device 703, is shown. This device allows, for example, the free flow cross-section in or from the supply device 703 to be varied. However, the design described for the powder flow sensor 726; 731 is also applicable to an embodiment with a vibratory feeder 704 as described above, or to any other embodiment in which the powder flow from a conveying device 702 is fed via a drop section to the roller gap 104; 104' or to an inlet aid 711 that may be provided above it.

[0144] In conjunction with the control loop R85 described above, comprising the powder flow sensor 726; 731 and based on an integral value for the quantity I; F, the dosing device 721 can be configured with a continuous or segmented actuator 723; 723.x, whereby, for the latter, when controlled via a single integral value of the quantity I; F, for example, the actuators 723.x are positioned simultaneously. If, based on the information provided via the quantity I; F, an insufficient powder flow or an undesired decrease in the powder flow is detected, the continuous actuator 723 or the actuator segments 723.x are opened further to allow a greater material flow, and vice versa. Furthermore, if such a relationship exists, the system can be controlled to achieve a specific throughput.

[0145] Alternatively or additionally, the speed of the conveying device can also be controlled in a control loop R82 on the basis of the integral value for the quantity I; F by appropriately controlling the drive means 712.

[0146] In conjunction with the control loop R85 described above, which comprises the powder flow sensor system 726; 731 and allows for control in individual sections based on individual values ​​for a quantity Ix; Px, the dosing device 721 includes actuators 723.x formed section by section by actuator segments 723.x. The actuator segments 723.x or their actuators 722.x are set, for example, via respective control loops R82; R85, according to the specified control task based on individual values ​​for the quantity Ix; Px at the relevant sections or measuring points. Control can be achieved, for example, to a profile that is uniform across the width or, if applicable, to a specified profile with varying powder flows across the width. Furthermore, if such a relationship exists, control can be achieved to a profile with a uniform or varying throughput across the width.In the respective control loop R82; R85, one or more further circuit elements 729, such as a dead-time element 729, may be provided.

[0147] In a first advantageous embodiment of the powder flow sensor 726 (see e.g. Fig. 18 This is based on a measurement using electromagnetic radiation, in particular light in the UV, IR, or visible wavelength range, especially in the form of a light barrier 726. For this purpose, for example, a radiation source 727, e.g., a light source 727, is provided on one side of the falling path, and a sensor 728; 728.x, in particular a radiation receiver 728; 728.x, is provided on the other side. The quantity I; Ix providing information about the powder flow is a radiation intensity I; Ix registered at the sensor 728. In the case of an integral determination and evaluation in the above sense using only a single value for the quantity I, a single radiation source 727, e.g., in particular a directed light source 727, and / or a single radiation receiver 728, e.g., a photodiode 728 or a phototransistor 728, can be provided. For the second case, which involves rules in individual sections based on individual values ​​for such a quantity I.x; Px allows, an extended radiation or light source 727.x, e.g., in the form of a light grid 726, a plurality of individual light sources 727.x or a light bar 727.x, and a plurality of radiation receivers 728.x, an extended, in particular spatially resolved radiation receiver 728.x, or radiation receiver segments 728.x, such as a radiation receiver array 728.x, a photodiode array 728.x, or a line scan camera 728.x, can be provided. By detecting the radiation intensity I; Ix, the constancy of a mass flow can be checked; if, for example, an empirically determined relationship exists, the powder flow can even be controlled or regulated with respect to its throughput – depending on the design, section by section or integrally.

[0148] In a second advantageous embodiment of the powder flow sensor 731 (see e.g. Fig. 19 This is based on the application of force measurement, in particular on the measurement of the force acting by the momentum of the falling powder particles on a sensor 733; 733.x designed as a force transducer 733; 733.x. The quantity F; Fx providing information about the powder flow is used here as a value for a force F; Fx registered at the sensor 733; 733.x. In the case of an integral determination and evaluation in the above sense using a value for the quantity I, a single force transducer 733 can be provided, on which the powder flow of the entire width or of a section representative of the width acts. In the second case of control in individual sections based on individual values ​​for such a quantity Fx, a plurality of individual force transducers 733.x, e.g., as a force transducer array 733.x – for example, a piezoelectrically operating one – can be provided.

[0149] The effect on the force transducer(s) 733; 733.x can, in principle, be realized in any way such that an impulse of the material 004; 004' falling across the width or a partial section in the powder stream is transmitted to the respective force transducer 733; 733.x. In the advantageous embodiment shown here, an impact element 732; 732.x, e.g., an impact plate 732; 732.x, is provided for each section to be considered, i.e., across the entire width, a representative partial section, or several individual partial sections. This impact element is located in the fall path of the section to be considered and is operatively connected to an associated force transducer 733; 733.x. The impact plate 732; 732.x can be designed in the manner of a deflecting plate 732; 732.x must be implemented so that an impulse can be transmitted, but the material 004, 004' continues to flow towards the roller gap 104; 104' or a feed aid 711 provided above it. The impact element 732; 732.x can be pivotally or elastically mounted and / or supported against the force transducer 733; 733.x, so that, for example, with increasing load from the powder flow, the force F; Fx registered by the force transducer 733; 733.x increases. The measuring principle is based on an impact with a change in direction, whereby the resulting force F is based on the physical relationship F = mxa (force = mass x acceleration) and the change in direction during the impact. By measuring the force F, the constancy of a mass flow can be checked; if, for example, an empirically determined relationship exists, the powder flow can even be controlled or regulated with regard to its throughput.

[0150] In principle independent of, but particularly advantageous in conjunction with one of the above-mentioned versions, variants, configurations, embodiments or configurations of the coating device 100; 100* and / or one of the above-mentioned versions or variants for the powder feed device 700; 700* and / or one of the equipment and / or configurations for the machine explained in more detail below, a e.g. in Fig. 20 An exemplary measuring arrangement 801, or device for determining the density ρ of a layer of material 003; 003' conveyed on a surface of one of the rollers 103; 103' of the coating unit 101; 101', is provided. Such a measuring arrangement 801 could be conceptually supplemented in conjunction with a coating device 100; 100* and / or a powder feed device 700; 700*.

[0151] The measuring arrangement 801 or device comprises one or the aforementioned sampling device 114; 114'; 116; 116', which is adjustable or positioned against the surface of the roller 103; 103' during rotation to sample at least a portion of the material layer 003; 003' at a point on the circumference of the roller 103; 103' over at least a portion of a usable working width, e.g., the width of the roller shell surface effective for film formation. The sampling device 114; 114'; 116; 116' takes at least the portion of the material layer 003; 003' relevant for determining the density ρ during rotation of the roller 103; 103' over an angular range Δ φ , e.g. also angle interval Δ φ , between a first and a second angular position φ 1; φ 2 away, whereby in the case of more than one revolution to be completed, the second angular position φ 2. The value greater than 360° is to be calculated according to the angular difference traversed. The portion of the material layer 003; 003' relevant for determining the density ρ can result from the decrease during one, more than one, or part of a full revolution. This is equivalent to referring to an angular range Δ relevant for the decrease. φ or the relevant angular interval Δ φ The following is where the reference to the angular position is made. φ or the angle range Δ φ Unless a direct reference to time t is explicitly excluded, a time interval Δt with a first time t1 for the start of the decrease at, for example, a first angular position is also possible. φ 1 and a second time t2 for the end of the decrease at, for example, a second angular position φ 2 to understand.

[0152] In principle, the material layer 003; 003' can be sampled by means of a sampling device 114; 114' extending over the entire width of the roller shell surface effective for film formation, for example, over a certain length or a certain angular range Δ. φ be removable or can be removed. This is particularly the case, for example, in the case of a support structure 101; 101', through which a layer of material 003; 003' interrupted by free sections is applied to the support substrate 006.

[0153] In an advantageous embodiment, for example, in which a continuous layer of material 003; 003' is applied to the substrate 006 over a multiple or multiple revolutions of the laminating roller 103; 103', a removal device 116; 116' is provided, which is positioned or attached to the outer surface of the roller 103; 103' at a point on the circumference of the roller 103; 103' over only a portion of a usable working width for the removal of only a portion 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003', in particular a strip of material 008; 008', which is formed in the edge region, i.e., an area located at one end of the material layer 003; 003' when viewed axially, by an edge strip 008; 008'. The material strip 008 is cut off along a circumferential cutting line s and lifted off the surface.The edge strip 008; 008' may be a use of the edge trimming above to maintain a straight edge.

[0154] The measuring arrangement 801 or device further comprises a weighing device 802, on which a removed, in particular defined and / or detectable, portion 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' previously conveyed on the roller 103; 103' can be collected. For this purpose, the removed portion of the material layer 003; 003', which serves at least to determine the density ρ, is collected, for example, in a weighing container 803, e.g., a weighing pan 803, mounted on a scale 809, and its mass m is determined. A dead time can be taken into account, for example, to account for the path of the removed portion of the material layer 003; 003', which serves to determine the density ρ, from the point of removal to the weighing device 802.

[0155] In principle, an embodiment is conceivable in which, during the operation of the coating device 100; 100*, an edge strip 008; 008' is continuously removed and collected on the weighing device 803 or in the appropriately dimensioned weighing container 803, whereby the mass m of the over the angular range Δ relevant for determining the density ρ is φ The mass of the removed part 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' is determined by calculating a difference between the mass m registered by the weighing device 802 at time t2 of the end and at time t1 of the start of the determination process.

[0156] In an advantageous and, for example, in Fig. 20 In the exemplary embodiment shown, in which, for example, during the operation of the coating device 100; 100*, an edge strip 008; 008' can also be continuously removed and, if necessary, collected by a collecting device 117; 117' and possibly discharged via this device, a separation device 808, actuated by, for example, a drive means 818, is provided, by which - e.g., via a defined and / or a for removal in the relevant angular range Δ φ e.g. a time interval Δt correlating over a dead time - which is used to determine the density ρ in the relevant angular range Δ φ The separated part 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' can be directed to the weighing device 802 specifically provided for this purpose, in particular to the weighing container 803. The separation device 808 can be designed as a diverting device 808 in the form of a switch 808 with a switch blade 817 actuated, for example, by a drive means 818, or in the form of a diverter 808 with a slide 817 or bottom 817 actuated, for example, by the drive means 818. In a variation with, for example, a material layer 003; 003' interrupted by free sections, a number of material layer sections to be used for determination can be separated into an edge area 008 by such a separation device 808 in the above manner, wherein, for example, the B. possibly other edge areas 008 in a collecting device 117; 117'. The on or.The sample material of the removed material layer 003; 003' taken up in the weighing container 803 can, for example, be emptied, in particular tipped, into a larger material receiving container 816, for example a container 816, after a determination cycle via a drive means 814, e.g. a tipping drive 814.

[0157] Furthermore, a measuring device 806 is provided, by which a thickness d, e.g., layer thickness d, of the material layer 003; 003' conveyed on the roller 103; 103' can be determined. As a first approximation, the thickness d003, e.g., layer thickness d003, can, in principle, be determined at any point on the width b003; b003' of the material layer 003; 003' and / or at a time during stationary operation of a device encompassing the roller. Preferably, however, the thickness d008 or layer thickness d008 of the material layer 003; 003' is determined in the material strip 008; 008' to be removed. Such a measuring device 806 is preferably based on a non-contact measurement and is, for example, designed as an ultrasound-based, inductive, or capacitive measuring device 806 with a corresponding measuring head.

[0158] The determination of the density ρ is carried out - e.g. in data processing means 811 provided for this purpose and for example in a control device 807 controlling the process for determining the density ρ - e.g. according to: ρ = m / V = ​​m / (A· d).

[0159] In the simplest case, with, for example, a sufficiently straight side edge of the material layer 003; 003' conveyed on the roller 103; 103' and a width 008 of the material strip 008; 008' to be removed or removed, known via the axial position of the removal device 116; 116', it is possible to use information about an angular range Δ swept over during sampling of the part 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' relevant for determining the density ρ. φ and a radius r of the roller 103; 003', a measure for the area A and, together with the layer thickness, a measure for the volume V of the portion 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' relevant for determining the density ρ can be directly determined. In determining the density ρ, the known width b008 can be used as the width b, and, to a good approximation, the radius r can be directly the radius of the roller 103; 103' in the area of ​​the usable surface itself, or a radius corrected upwards – e.g., slightly, for example by the average layer thickness d008. With a known width b, the area A for the above relationship is determined, for example, according to: A = b · 2 r π · Δ φ / 360°.

[0160] For example, if the material layer 003; 003' conveyed on the roller 103; 103' does not have a sufficiently straight side edge and / or the width b008 of the material strip 008 to be removed is unknown, a sensor 804, e.g. an optical sensor 804, can be provided, which measures the angle Δ over the angular range to be considered. φ that the width b; b008 of the edge strip 008; 008' to be removed or a course of the width b; b008 or the side edge can be determined and, for example, an average width can be determined from this, whereby in the latter case, the average width is used as width b in the above relation.

[0161] In an advantageous alternative for the case of an unknown and / or varying width b008 of the material strip 008, a sensor 804 with corresponding evaluation means can be provided, by which, given the known position of the cutting line s, taking into account the rotational movement over the angular range Δ φ or a corresponding time interval Δt and a radius r, the area A is determined directly, e.g., integrated during the rotational motion.

[0162] The sensor 804 or the optically operating sensor 804 can, for example, be formed by a camera 804, in particular a line camera 804.

[0163] One of the current angular positions φ Information representing the roller 103; 103' or information relating to an angular range Δ swept over during sampling of the part 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' relevant for determining the density ρ φ The data processing equipment 811 can, for example, be supplied via a signal connection from an angular position sensor 813, which is coupled, for example, directly or indirectly to the roller rotation axis, or via a signal connection from a drive control which specifies the angular position of the roller 103; 103' directly or indirectly.

[0164] The density ρ of a material layer 003; 003' conveyed on a lateral surface of a roller 103; 103' mentioned above is thus determined by rotating the roller 103; 103', which carries the material layer 003; 003' on its lateral surface, about its axis of rotation R103; R103', at a point on the circumference between an intake and a downstream discharge of the material layer 003; 003' to another roller 103; 103' or to, for example, a carrier substrate 006 mentioned above, the material layer 003; 003' over its entire width b003; b008 or a part 008; 008' of its width during rotation by a discharge device 114; 114'; 116; 116' over an angular range Δ φ The mass m is taken from the lateral surface by weighing and measured over the angular range Δ φ The thickness of the removed part 008 of the material layer 003; 003' is determined by a measuring device 806 before removal, a determination of a layer thickness d; d003; d008 of the material layer 003; 003', preferably in the area to be removed, is carried out, an area A of which in the angular range Δ φ the removed or to be removed layer of material 003; 003' on the roller is determined on e.g. one of the above ways, and finally a value for the density of the layer of material 003; 003' conveyed on the roller 103; 103' is obtained from the area A, the mass m and the layer thickness.

[0165] The determined value for the density ρ can, for example, be displayed via a display device 812, e.g. a display 812, and / or be used in a control device controlling the coating device 100; 100*.

[0166] By means of a device for determining the density ρ or a corresponding method, the density ρ and thus the quality of the material layer 003; 003', which is formed, for example, as a powder composite film 003; 003' and / or active material layer 003; 003, for example, in the manner of a dry film 003; 003', can be checked during production – inline or in a specially provided run – and, if necessary, countermeasures can be taken if there is a deviation from a target value or permissible target range. These countermeasures can, for example, if the density ρ is too low, involve increasing the pressure, e.g., via the line force mentioned above, or reducing the gap width b104 in a roller gap mentioned above. Conversely, if the density is too high, a pressure can be reduced, e.g., via the line force mentioned above, or increasing the gap width b104 in a roller gap mentioned above. 104' e.g., at too low a density ρ, a reduction in the slit width may occur.Instead or in addition to this, a modification of the powder composition and / or a temperature at, for example, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' involved in the material layer formation and / or a modification of the speed difference between the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' involved in the material layer formation is also possible.

[0167] A machine for manufacturing, especially in an inline process, a multi-layered product (see e.g. Fig. 3 , Fig. 10 , Fig. 15 or Fig. 16 ), which has a dry film 003; 003' formed from a powder mixture on at least one side of a carrier substrate 006, preferably comprises a substrate feed 200 through which the carrier material 006 can be supplied to the machine on the input side, a first substrate path section 300 through which the carrier substrate 006 is fed to an application stage 100; 100* for applying the dry film 003; 003' to at least one side of the carrier substrate 006, and a second substrate path section 400 through which the carrier material 006, provided with the dry film 003 on at least one side, can be fed to a product intake 500 through which the product can be combined into product packages, e.g., into rolls or stacks.

[0168] In a particularly preferred embodiment, order level 100; 100* is implemented in one of the above-mentioned embodiments, configurations, designs, or variants for the device 100; 100* described above. Instead of the exemplary ones shown in Fig. 3 In the depicted order stage 100, all versions, designs, configurations, and embodiments of the first group of exemplary embodiments can occur and replace the examples shown in Fig. 10 , Fig. 15 or Fig. 16 The depicted order level 100* includes all members of the second group. In the Fig. 15 , and Fig. 16 The illustrated embodiments of the machine also include variants of versions, designs, configurations, embodiments or variants of the first group for the application stage 100, i.e. with separate application devices 101; 101'.

[0169] The substrate feed 200 is advantageously configured by a substrate unwinder 200, in particular a roll changer 200, preferably by a roll changer 200 comprising several roll positions and / or qualified for non-stop roll changes. It can advantageously include a substrate guide element 202 designed as a motor-driven positive-drive roller 202, in particular a tension roller 202, and / or a substrate guide element 203 in the form of a dancer roller 203 – e.g., spring-loaded on a lever or a guide transverse to the substrate path.

[0170] At the substrate unwinder 200, the carrier substrate web 006 is unwound and fed to the substrate path leading through the machine at the point of unwinding.

[0171] In the case of a traction roller 202 encompassed by the substrate unwinder and structurally assigned to it (see, for example, in Fig. 3 or Fig. 10 ) this can be comprised of a traction unit 207, in particular a feed unit 207, which, for example, in addition to the traction roller 202, has a drive means that drives the traction roller 202 – in particular independently of other traction rollers – and whose speed can be regulated and / or controlled, in particular a drive motor, e.g. in the form of a servo drive motor, and / or pressure rollers that can be adjusted to the traction roller 202 to increase friction. The roller 202 or the drive means can also be operated in a generating or inhibiting manner, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements present before and after the roller 202, for example, in order to...to establish or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension in the substrate path section 300 extending to the next clamping or track tension point or in a part of the substrate path section 300 formed by a subsequent substrate path section.

[0172] ZB, either structurally still assigned to the substrate path in the roll unwinder 200 or already to the first substrate path section 300, a substrate guide element 208; 307 can be used in the substrate path as a measuring roller 208, e.g. web tension measuring roller 208; 307 (exemplary of all versions, e.g. in Fig. 16 (as shown), be designed by which, for example, the web tension or at least a quantity representing the web tension can be determined in order to use it, for example, for controlling the web tension, e.g., via the conveying speed of individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular, motor-driven web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502.

[0173] The substrate feed 200, designed as a roll changer 200, advantageously comprises a roll drive that is mechanically independent of the rest of the machine and / or driven by a single motor and / or a lifting device to support a roll loading and / or roll unloading process.

[0174] In an advantageous embodiment, a device for lateral web edge control 204 (exemplary of all embodiments, e.g., in) can be installed in the substrate path section attributable to the substrate supply 200 and / or in the subsequent first substrate path 300. Fig. 15 (as shown), in particular a sensor system for detecting a web edge and an actuator for causing a lateral displacement of the carrier substrate, e.g., a pair of reversing rods pivotable about an axis perpendicular to the transport direction Ts, are provided. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the web edge control 204 is combined with an adhesive device 206, e.g., an adhesive table 206.

[0175] Instead or additionally, in an advantageous embodiment a wide-tracking device, in particular a single- or multi-segmented track guide element with a convex outer surface, is provided in the substrate path section of the substrate feed 200 and / or in the first substrate path 300.

[0176] In an advantageous further development, a one- or multi-part pretreatment station 302, in particular a cleaning and / or deionization station 302, is provided in the first substrate path 300, by which the carrier substrate 006 is or can be freed from surface contaminants, e.g. dust or cutting residues, and / or electrical charge carriers on one or both sides in a contactless or contacting process.

[0177] In the first substrate path 300, particularly downstream of any purification stage, a measuring station 303, particularly with a sound- or radiation-based measuring device 303, is advantageously provided, by which the material thickness of the carrier material 006 can be checked for its thickness and / or homogeneity in thickness and / or for impurities and, for example, in the event of impermissible deviations from a target specification, an optical and / or acoustic warning signal and / or an error signal is transmitted to a machine control and / or a control station.

[0178] For all versions of the machine, a substrate guide element 208; 307 can advantageously be provided as a measuring roller 307 in a substrate path section structurally associated with the roll unwinder 200 and / or in a substrate path section adjoining it of the first substrate path 300 (exemplary for all versions, e.g., in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 (as shown) are designed by which, for example, the web tension can be determined in order to use it, for example, for controlling the web tension via the conveying speed of individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular, motor-driven web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502. Only one of the two measuring rollers 208; 307 or, advantageously, both measuring rollers 208; 307 may be provided, whereby in the latter case, for example, the downstream measuring roller 307 is used to determine and / or control the web tension in the substrate path section upstream of the first or only application point, as described below. In an advantageous embodiment, the first substrate path 300 is equipped with a measuring roller 307. B. a pretreatment station 304 designed as an application station 304 is provided, through which the carrier material 006 can be coated on one or both sides with a binder and / or a primer.In this case, a dryer not shown, e.g. a hot air or radiation dryer, can preferably be provided directly downstream of the application station 304.

[0179] In a particularly preferred embodiment, considered on its own but advantageously in combination with one or more of the other embodiments of the machine, a thermal pretreatment station 306, in particular a temperature control station 306, e.g. an infrared radiation source 306, is provided in the substrate path immediately upstream of the application stage 100; 100*, i.e., downstream of the last substrate guide element 301; 307 interacting with the carrier substrate web 006, by which the carrier material 006 can be heated above ambient temperature, in particular to above 60°C, preferably to at least 80°C. This can be particularly advantageous, for example, for activating a bond-supporting or bond-inducing agent 007; 007' provided or applied to the carrier substrate 006.Independently of this, but advantageous in conjunction with such a temperature control station 306, a sensor 311 for determining the temperature of the carrier substrate track 006, e.g., a temperature sensor 311, in particular a non-contact and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311, can be provided. The sensor 311, e.g., as a temperature sensor 311, can be part of a control loop for regulating the temperature of the carrier substrate track 006 with the temperature control station 306, if provided.

[0180] Instead of a traction roller 202 or traction unit 207 attributable to the substrate unwinder 200, or possibly in addition thereto, a traction roller 308 or traction unit 309 may be provided in the substrate path section 300 adjoining the substrate unwinder 200 and / or leading to the point of the first or only dry film application, i.e., to the first or only laminating gap 107; 107'. In the case of only one traction roller 202; 308 or only one traction unit 207; 309 in the substrate path between the unwinding from the roll 201 and the entry into the first or only laminating gap 107; 107', such a traction roller 202; 308 or 309 may be provided in the substrate path between the unwinding from the roll 201 and the entry into the first or only laminating gap 107; 107'.Such a tensioning device 207; 309 may, in principle, be structurally connected to the substrate unwinder 200, a substrate path section 300 extending between the substrate unwinder 200, in particular from the unwinding, and the application stage 100; 100*, in particular the first or only application point, or it may just as easily be structurally assigned or associated with the application stage 100; 100* on the inlet side. It is essential here that such a tensioning roller 202; 308 or such a tensioning device 207; 309 is arranged upstream of the first application point, i.e., the first or only laminating gap 107; 107', in the substrate path, in order to establish or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension, for example, in the subsequent substrate path section or in a part of the substrate path section formed by a subsequent substrate path section. The tensioning device has – corresponding to the tensioning device 207 already described above – a B.In addition to the traction roller 308, a drive element, e.g., a servo drive motor, is used to drive the traction roller 308 – particularly independently of other traction rollers – and whose speed can be regulated and / or controlled. Pressure rollers can also be attached to the traction roller 308 to increase friction. Depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements before and after the roller 308, the roller 308 or the drive element can also be operated in a generating or inhibiting manner, for example, to establish or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension in the subsequent substrate path section extending, for example, to the next clamping or web tension point, or in a part of the substrate path section formed by a subsequent substrate path section.

[0181] In an advantageous embodiment, a calender 600 or a calendering unit 600 with two gaps, e.g., calender gaps, between forming rollers 601; 602, is provided in the second substrate path 400, in particular in the substrate path immediately after the application stage 100; 100*, in particular calendering rollers 601; 602, of which, e.g., at least one, preferably both, is / are heatable, in particular such that their outer surface - e.g., B. at an ambient temperature of 25°C - to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C and / or between which a pressure with a preferably adjustable line force of at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, preferably a line force between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm can be applied.The product strand 002, coated on at least one side, can be passed through the calender gap for the purpose of further compaction of the dry film 003; 003' by applying pressure and / or a temperature higher than the ambient temperature.

[0182] In principle independent of, but advantageous in conjunction with, one or more of the other embodiments of the machine, a cooling device 402, e.g. with one or more partially enclosed temperature-controlled cooling rollers 402.1; 402.2, is provided in the second substrate path 400 after the application stage 100; 100*, in the case of a calendering unit 600 which may be provided downstream of it, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, through which a product strand 002 passed through can be cooled, e.g. by at least 20°C, in particular by at least 50°C.

[0183] In a further advantageous embodiment, an inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2, based in particular on optical and / or acoustic measurement, is provided in the second substrate path 400, e.g., with a sensor 403.1 directed to one side and a sensor 403.2 directed to the other side, by which the product surface can be checked for defects or flaws, e.g., for completeness in the area and / or thickness of the applied dry film 003; 003'. The inspection device 403; 403.1, 403.2 can be used, e.g., in Fig. 15 shown - in the substrate path downstream of the calendering plant 600 or - as e.g. in Fig. 16 The inspection device 403 is shown to be located in the substrate path downstream of the application stage 100; 100', but upstream of the calendering unit 600. In the first case, defects caused by calendering can be detected, while in the second case, the aim is to detect defects that may have originated in the application stage 100; 100' as early as possible. The inspection device 403 preferably comprises a camera, e.g., a line scan camera, as sensors 403.1; 403.2 on each side, through which the respective surface is captured or optically scanned and evaluated for defective or missing areas by a downstream evaluation unit.

[0184] In principle independent of, but also advantageously in conjunction with, other embodiments of the machine, and in particular in connection with an inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2 provided on the substrate path, a device for marking defects 412 is provided, which can be formed, for example, by a printing device, e.g., an inkjet printhead, or an insertion device, the latter being able, for example, to insert or apply a marking element, e.g., a so-called marking flag or marking label, onto the carrier substrate web 006.

[0185] For all embodiments of the machine, at least one substrate guide element 409 can advantageously be designed as a measuring roller 409 in the second substrate path 400, by which, for example, the web tension can be determined in order to use it, e.g., for controlling the web tension, e.g., via the relative conveying speed of individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular, motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. Preferably, at least in the stage downstream of the application stage 100; 100*, in particular the position of the last or only application, and in a calendering unit 600 that may be provided, in particular at the position of a possibleIn the substrate path section 400 preceding the calendering process, and in particular preferably in both the substrate path section 400 and the substrate path section downstream of the calendering unit 600 provided in an advantageous embodiment, at least one substrate guide element 409 is designed as a measuring roller 409. Alternatively or additionally, a substrate guide element 507 structurally associated with the product winder 500 can be designed as a measuring roller 507 downstream of the calendering unit 600 in the substrate path.

[0186] To ensure optimal substrate flow through the application stage 100; 100*, an advantageous embodiment provides a substrate guide element 401, designed as a motor-driven traction roller 401, in the second substrate path 400, preferably directly downstream of the application stage 100; 100*, but upstream of any calendering unit 600. This guide element can be comprised of a traction unit 411, which, for example, includes a drive element 411 that, in addition to the traction roller 401 itself, drives the traction roller 401—particularly independently of other traction rollers—and whose speed is adjustable and / or controllable, e.g., in the form of a servo output motor, and / or pressure rollers that can be positioned against the traction roller 401 to increase friction. In this context, the roller 401 or the drive means can, in principle, also be operated in a generator-like manner, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements present before and after the roller 401.The feed of the carrier substrate web 006 can be operated or is operated in a way that inhibits or restricts the feed, but here it is motor-driven for the purpose of building up and / or maintaining web tension on the upstream substrate path section, i.e., the carrier substrate web 006 is conveyed in the transport direction Ts or operated or can be operated with a lead over, for example, the speed at an upstream next traction roller 202; 301 and / or the peripheral speed of the last or only laminating roller 107; 107' or of the pair of laminating rollers 107; 107'.

[0187] Alternatively or additionally, in a preferred embodiment, a web tension compensation and / or control device 406 (e.g., in) is provided in the second substrate path 400 downstream of the application stage 100, 100*, optionally between the application stage 100; 100* and a calendering unit 600 provided in an advantageous embodiment. Fig. 15 (illustrated as an example for all embodiments), with, for example, a dancer roller 407 – spring-loaded, for example, on a lever or a guide transverse to the substrate path – by which, for example, fluctuations in web tension can be compensated and / or the conveying speed of an upstream or downstream unit 100; 100*; 600 or one or more web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502, in particular motor-driven, can be controlled – in particular via the deflection of the dancer roller 407.

[0188] For all the machine designs and variants mentioned here, an embodiment is particularly advantageous in which, in the substrate path downstream of the application stage 100; 100* – in the case of a calendering unit 600; 600 provided in the substrate path downstream of this single or last calendering unit 600; 600 – before the product is gathered into the product container 501 in the product intake – a measuring station 408 is provided for determining the product strand thickness, in particular the total thickness (e.g. in Fig. 15 , and Fig. 16 (illustrated as an example for all versions).

[0189] Instead of or in addition to the aforementioned cooling device 402 in the second substrate path section 400, such or further cooling devices 402; 504 can also be provided in the substrate path section attributable to the product receiving unit 500 or on its frame. Such a cooling device 504 can, for example, be formed by a substrate guide element 504 designed as a cooling roller 504. Alternatively, such a cooling device 504 – attributable to the second substrate path section 400 or structurally to the product receiving unit 500 – can also be formed by one or more successively partially enclosed, temperature-controlled cooling rollers 504.1; 504.2.

[0190] In further development, a sensor 508 for determining the temperature of the product 002, in particular of the product strand 002, in the substrate path downstream of the calender 600, but at the latest before the discharge, e.g., before winding in the product winder 500, can be provided – e.g., downstream of the cooling device 504, if applicable – in the substrate path downstream of the calender 600, but at the latest before the discharge, e.g., before winding in the product winder 500. The sensor 508, e.g., as a temperature sensor 508, is in particular a non-contact and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311 and / or can be part of a control loop for regulating the temperature together with the cooling device 504, if applicable.

[0191] In an advantageous embodiment, the product receiving 500 is designed as a product winder 500, in particular in the form of a roll changer 500.

[0192] Preferably, the product winder 500 is qualified for non-stop roll changes and / or comprises a substrate guide element 502 designed as a motor-driven positive-forced pull roller 502 and / or a substrate guide element 503 in the form of a dancer roller 503 - e.g. spring-loaded on a lever or a guide transverse to the substrate path.

[0193] To ensure optimal substrate flow between the optional calender 600 and the winding on the product winder 500, a substrate guide element 401; 502, designed as a motor-driven positive-velocity pull roller 401; 502, can be advantageously provided in the second substrate path 400 or in a substrate path section attributable to the product winder 500. This guide element can be comprised of a pull unit 411; 506, which, for example, in addition to the pull roller 401; 502, has a drive means that drives the pull roller 401; 502 – in particular independently of other pull rollers – and whose speed can be regulated and / or controlled, e.g., in the form of a servo drive motor, and / or pressure rollers that can be adjusted to the pull roller 401; 502 to increase friction.

[0194] In a particularly advantageous embodiment for stable and low-interference continuous inline operation of a machine comprising, for example, a calender unit 600, a first substrate path section is located both in a first substrate path section situated between the point of unwinding from the substrate roll 201 in the substrate unwinder 200 and the entry into the single or first laminating gap 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100*, and in a second substrate path section situated between the point of exit of the carrier substrate web, which is then provided at least on one side with the dry film 003; 003', from the single or downstream last laminating gap 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100* and – for the embodiment with calender unit 600; 600* – the entry into the calender gap between the two calender rollers 601; 602, the substrate path section is equipped with at least one forced-driven traction roller 202; 308; 401 and / or at least one measuring roller 208; 307; 409 for determining web tension.In an advantageous further development for the design with calendering unit 600; 600*, a positively driven tension roller 502 and / or a measuring roller 409; 507 for determining a web tension is also provided in a third substrate path section located between the point of exit of the carrier substrate web 006, which is provided at least on one side with the dry film 003; 003', from the calendering gap and the point of winding onto the product roll 501 in the product winder 500.

[0195] Preferably, a web tension control device (not shown here) is provided, which is connected on the input side to one or more measuring rollers 208, 307, 409 located in the first and second substrate path sections mentioned above, and on the output side to one or more drive controls for the roller drives of the traction rollers 202, 308, 401 located in the first and second substrate path sections mentioned above, and which in particular includes data processing and / or electronic switching means that are configured to establish and / or maintain a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference for the two substrate path sections by appropriately controlling the drive control of the drive of one or more of the traction rollers 202, 308, 401 in each of the two substrate path sections.In further development, the web tension control device can be additionally equipped on the input side with one or more measuring rollers 409; 507 provided in the third substrate path section above, and on the output side with a drive control unit for the drive of the respective traction roller 502 provided in the third substrate path section above, and can, for example, also be controlled by these with respect to a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference to the upstream substrate path section.

[0196] In general, and especially for the above-mentioned version of the machine without a calender downstream of the application stage 100; 100*, the above description of the traction rollers 202; 308; 401 and measuring rollers 208; 307; 409, the signal connections and the web tension control device applies to a design with at least one measuring and / or at least one traction and / or at least one dancer roller 202; 208; 203 in the first substrate path section between the unwinding and the point of the initial application by the application stage 100; 100* and / or with at least one measuring and / or at least one traction and / or at least one dancer roller 409; 507; 401; 502; 407; 503 in a substrate path section between the exit of the single or last point of the dry film application by the application stage 100; 100* and the winding in the roll winder 500 to transfer or apply.

[0197] A dancer roller 203; 407; 503 and a control loop encompassing it – and, for example, integrated into a web tension control device – allow for the compensation or regulation of fluctuations in web tension and / or the conveying speed of an upstream or downstream unit 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular, motor-driven web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502, such as the drive of an upstream substrate unwinder 200 or downstream substrate winder 500 or an upstream or downstream traction roller 202; 308; 401; 502, in particular via the deflection of the dancer roller 407. It is – e.g. B. on a guide or on a lever - spring-loaded transversely to the substrate path, in particular against the direction of action of the web tension of the substrate web 006 (or of the product strand 002) which wraps around the roller in a loop shape, pneumatically or elastically pre-tensioned with a force.

[0198] A traction roller 203; 308; 401; 502 comprises, for example, a drive motor, in particular a servo motor, which can be regulated and / or controlled with respect to its speed, and / or works together with one or more pressure elements, e.g., pressure rollers, for example, to improve the conveying behavior, and / or, depending on its position in the substrate path, can be operated as a motor – for example, to generate or maintain an upstream web tension – or as a generator, i.e., with a braking effect – for example, to generate or maintain a downstream web tension, and / or is included, e.g., as an actuator, in a control loop that regulates the web tension and is, for example, integrated into a web tension control device.

[0199] As an alternative to the machine configuration with a product holder 500 designed as a roll winder 500, a particularly advantageous embodiment may include a cross-cutting device in the second substrate path 400 or at the entrance of the product holder 500, by which a product strand 002 produced in the machine can already be cut transversely into product sections 001. The product holder 500 is, for example, configured as a stacking boom, in particular as a multi-stacking boom that lays out several stacks one behind the other.

[0200] In a machine and / or device 100; 100* described above, for example, a web-shaped carrier substrate 006 is continuously and preferably on both sides provided with a dry film 003; 003' of a width smaller than the carrier substrate width, so that an uncoated edge of carrier substrate 106 remains on both sides. Reference symbol list

[0201] 001 Product, end product, product section, electrode unit, electrode 002 Product, intermediate product, product strand, electrode strand 003 Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (esp. solvent-free) 003' Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (esp. solvent-free) 004 Material, powdery, powder mixture (esp. dry) 004' Material, powdery, powder mixture (esp. dry) 005- 006 Carrier substrate, carrier substrate web, current collector substrate, current collector foil, web-shaped 007 Bonding agent, primer, binder, adhesive 007' Bonding agent, primer, binder, adhesive 008 Part, material strip, edge strip 100 Coating device, coating unit, application stage, unit, laminating unit, laminating unit 100* Coating device, coating unit, application stage, unit, laminating unit, laminating unit 101 First application unit 101' Second application unit 102 First roller, metering roller 102' First roller, metering roller 103 Second roller, laminating roller, counter-pressure roller 103' Second roller, laminating roller, counter-pressure roller 104 First nip, film formation nip, metering nip, roller nip 104' First nip, film formation nip, metering nip, roller nip 105-106 Roller, counter-pressure roller 106' Roller, counter-pressure roller 107 Second nip, application nip, laminating nip 107'Gap, second, application gap, laminating gap 108- 109 Actuator, positioning device, position-based 109' Actuator, positioning device, position-based 110- 111 Actuator, positioning device, force-based 111' Actuator, positioning device, force-based 112 Positioning mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing 112' Positioning mechanism,Bearing mechanism, linear bearing 113 Adjusting mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing, linear bearing 113' Adjusting mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing, linear bearing 114 Removal device, doctor blade, cleaning doctor blade 114' Removal device, doctor blade, cleaning doctor blade 115- 116 Removal device, doctor blade, side edge doctor blade 116' Removal device, doctor blade, side edge doctor blade 117 Collection device, collection tray 117' Collection device, collection tray 118 Roller, other, calender roller 118' Roller, other, calender roller 119- 120- 121 Substrate guide element, guide roller, deflection roller 122 Support, side parts (base frame) 122' Support, side parts (base frame) 123 Extraction 123' Extraction 124 Limit, side plate 125- 126 Filling and / or dispensing area 127 Material take-up 127' Material take-up 128 Rack (application stage) 129 Take-up device, squeegee, cleaning squeegee 130- 131- 132 Propulsion device 133 Propulsion device , 200 Substrate feeder, substrate unwinder, roll changer 201 Roll, substrate roll 202 Substrate guide element, roller, tension roller, positively driven 203 Substrate guide element, dancer roller 204 Web edge control 205- 206 Gluing device, gluing table 207 Pulling unit, infeed unit 208 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller 300 Substrate path section, conveying section, first, upstream side, feed side 301 Substrate guide element, roller, guide roller, deflection roller 302 Pretreatment station, cleaning station, deionization station 303 Measuring station (carrier substrate thickness) 304 Pretreatment station, application station 305-306 Pretreatment station, thermal, temperature control station, infrared radiation source 307 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller 308 Substrate guide element, roller, tension roller, positively driven 309 Traction unit 310-311 Sensor, temperature sensor 400 Substrate path section, conveying section, second, downstream side, discharge side 401 Substrate guide element, roller, traction roller, positively driven 402 Cooling device 402* Cooling device (alternative or additional) 403 Inspection device (defects) 404 Substrate guide element, roller, guide roller, deflection roller 405- 406 Web tension equalization and / or control device 407 Dancer roller 408 Measuring station (product strand thickness) 409 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller 410- 411 Traction unit 412 Defect marking 500 Product intake, product winder, roll changer 501 Product container, roll, product roll 502 Substrate guide element, traction roller, positively driven 503 Dancer roller 504 Cooling device, substrate guide element, roller, cooling roller 504.1 Cooling roller 504.2 Cooling roller 505- 506 Traction unit 507 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller 508 Sensor, temperature sensor 600 Calender, calender, unit, calender unit 600* Calender, calender (alternative or additional), unit, calender unit 601 Roll, calender roll, first, heated 601* Roll, calender roll, first (alternative or additional) 602 Roll, calender roll, second, heated 602* Roll, calender roll, second (alternative or additional) 603 Frame (calender) 700 Device for feeding powdered material, powder feeding device 700' Device for feeding powdered material, powder feeding device 701 Dispensing device, metering device, metering unit with vibratory drive, metering vibrator 702 Conveying device, linear conveyor, conveyor belt 703 Provisioning device, supply line, feed container 704 Metering device, linear conveyor, vibratory conveyor 705 Roller, deflection roller, drive roller 706 Vibrating table 707 Drive, vibratory drive 708 Removal device, removal scraper 709 Drive, drive motor 710- 711 Feeding aid, hopper 712 Drive, drive motor, servo motor 713 Sensor, level sensor 714 Sensor, level sensor, layer level sensor 715 Drive, actuator 716 Limit, lateral, side guide 717 Limit, lateral, side guide 718- 719 Drive means, actuator 720- 721 Metering device, actuating mechanism 722 Drive means, actuator motor 722.xDrive, actuator 723Actuating element, flap, slide 723.xActuating element, flap segment, slide segment, actuating element segment 724Control and / or regulating device 725- 726Sensor, powder flow sensor, light barrier, light grid 727Radiation source, light source 727.xExtended radiation source, light source, light bar 728Sensor, radiation receiver, photodiode, phototransistor 728.xExtended sensor, radiation receiver, radiation receiver segments, radiation receiver array, photodiode array, line scan camera 729Circuit elements, dead time element 730- 731Powder flow sensor 731.xPowder flow sensor 732Impact element, impact plate, deflector plate 732.xImpact element, impact plate, deflector plate 733Sensor, force transducer 733.xSensor, force transducer extended force transducer array. 801 Measuring arrangement for determining density 802 Weighing device, scale 803 Weighing container, weighing pan 804 Sensor, optical sensor, camera, line scan camera 805- 806 Measuring device, ultrasound-based, inductive, capacitive 807 Control device 808 Separation device, diverter, diverter 809 Scale 810- 811 Data processing device 812 Display device, display 813 Angular position sensor 814 Drive device, tilting drive 815- 816 Material intake, container 817 Switch blade, slide, bottom 818 Drive device, cylinder-piston system bWidth dThickness, layer thickness b003Width (003; 003') b006Width (006) b008Width (008) d003Thickness, layer thickness (003) d003'Thickness, layer thickness (003') d006Thickness (006) d008Thickness, layer thickness (008) F (measured quantity, force) F.x (measured quantity, force) I (measured quantity, radiation intensity) I.x (measured quantity, radiation intensity) φ Angular position ρdensity rradius mmass R12 control loop R14 control loop R15 control loop R17 control loop R34 control loop R35 control loop R37 control loop R82 control loop R85 control loop R102 Rotation axis R102' Rotation axis R103 Rotation axis R103' Rotation axis R106 Rotation axis R106' Rotation axis S1 Signal connection, sensor signal S2 Signal connection, control signal S3 Signal connection, sensor signal S4 Signal connection, control signal S5 Signal connection, control signal S6 Signal connection, control signal S7 Signal connection, control signal S8 Signal connection, sensor signal sIntersection line tTime t1Time point, first t2Time point, second TsTransport direction (carrier substrate 006) TP Conveying direction (powdered material 004) V machine speed representing quantity

Claims

1. Machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film (003) applied to a carrier substrate (006), the machine comprising: - a substrate unwinder (200), by which web-format carrier substrate (006), in the form of a carrier substrate web (006), to be unwound in a substrate roll (201) can be fed or is fed to the machine on the input side; - a first substrate path section (300) via which the web-format carrier substrate (006) can be fed and / or is fed to an application stage (100; 100*) comprised by the machine, wherein at least a first dry film (003; 003') can be produced by the application stage (100; 100*) from a powdered material (004; 004') and is or can be applied to at least a first side of the carrier substrate (006); and - a second substrate path section (400) via which the web-format carrier material (006), which has been provided on at least one side with the dry film (003), can be fed and / or is fed as a product strand (002) to a product winder (500) comprised by the machine, wherein the substrate web (006), which is coated at least on one side in the application stage (100; 100*), in the form of a product strand (002) can be combined or is combined into a product roll (501) by the product winder (500), a positively driven draw roller (202; 308) being arranged in the substrate path of a first substrate path segment located between the location at which the unwinding from the substrate roll (201) in the substrate unwinder (200) takes place and the entry into a first or only application gap (107; 107') of the application stage (100; 100*), and / or in that a positively driven draw roller (401; 502) is arranged in the substrate path of a second substrate path segment located between the outlet from a last or only application gap (107; 107') of the application stage (100; 100*) and the location at which the product strand (002) is wound onto the product roll (501), characterized in that a dancer roller (203; 407; 503) is arranged in the substrate path of the first substrate path segment and / or in the substrate path of the second substrate path segment.

2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a measuring roller (307) supplying the web tension in the carrier substrate path (006) or a variable representing this web tension is arranged in the substrate path of the first substrate path segment located between the location at which the unwinding from the substrate roll (201) in the substrate unwinder (200) takes place and the entry into a first or only application gap (107; 107') of the application stage (100; 100*), and / or in that a measuring roller (409; 507) supplying the web tension in the product strand (002) or a variable representing this web tension is arranged in the substrate path of the second substrate path segment located between the outlet from a last or only application gap (107; 107') of the application stage (100; 100*) and the location at which the product strand (002) is wound onto the product roll (501).

3. Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that a web tension control device is provided, which on the input side is connected to the measuring roller (208; 307; 409; 507) provided in the first and / or in the second substrate path segment and on the output side is connected to the drive of the draw roller (202; 308; 401) provided in the first and / or in the second substrate path segment, and which comprises data processing means and / or electronic circuit means which are equipped to build and / or to maintain a respective specified web tension and / or a web tension difference specified for the two substrate path segments by appropriate activation of the drive controller of the drive of one or both draw rollers (202; 308; 401; 502) in the relevant or each of the two substrate path segments.

4. Machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a calendering unit (600) comprising a calendering gap is arranged downstream from the application stage (100; 100*) in the second substrate path section (400), through which the carrier substrate (006), which is provided with the dry film (003; 003') at least on one side, can be guided or is guided as a product strand (002), applying pressure and / or an increased temperature.

5. Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the draw roller (401) located in the second substrate path segment and / or the measuring roller (409) located in the second substrate path segment is arranged in the substrate path between the last or only application gap (107; 107') of the application stage (100; 100*) and the calendering unit (600).

6. Machine according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the or each positively driven draw roller (202; 308; 401) is designed so as to be drivable mechanically independently of the or any other draw roller (202; 308; 401) arranged in the substrate path by a drive means that can be controlled by closed loop and / or open loop control in terms of the speed.

7. Machine according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that a thermal pretreatment station (306) is arranged in the substrate path prior to the entry into the first or only application gap (107; 107'), but downstream from a last substrate guide element (301; 307) cooperating with the carrier substrate web (006), and a sensor (311) for ascertaining the temperature of the carrier substrate web (006) is arranged between the pretreatment station (306) and the entry into the first or only application gap (107; 107').

8. Machine according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that a cooling unit (504) is arranged in the substrate path of the second substrate path section (400) upstream from the point where the rolling in the product winder (500) takes place, and a sensor (508) for ascertaining the temperature of the product strand (002) is arranged downstream from the cooling unit (504) at the substrate path.

9. Machine according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the only or respective application gap (107; 107'), through which the carrier substrate (106) to be coated can be guided and, in the process, can have the first dry film (106) applied to at least the first side, is formed in the nip between an application roller (103) of a first application unit (101) and a roller (103'; 106) that is effective as a counter-pressure roller (103'; 106).

10. Machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the application gap (107; 107') between the application roller (103) of the first application unit (101) and the counter-pressure roller (103'; 106) is designed so as to be adjustable based on a force-based positioning drive (111; 111'), that is, is designed so as to be settable toward a constant and / or defined contact force or linear force by way of a force-based positioning drive (111; 111') and / or a force-based positioning mechanism (112; 112').

11. Machine according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the first application unit (101) comprises a metering roller (102), which between the outer cylindrical surface thereof and the outer cylindrical surface of the application roller (103) or of a further roller of the first application unit (101) located in a roller train between the metering roller (102) and the application roller (103) forms a metering gap (104), which is used for forming the film and through which a dry powder mixture (004) for producing the first dry film (003') can be conveyed.

12. Machine according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that the counter-pressure roller (103') forming the application gap (107) together with the application roller (103) of the first application unit (101) is formed by an application roller (103') of a second application unit (101'), by which the carrier substrate (106) guided through the application gap (107) can have a second dry film (106) applied to the second side, and in that a metering roller (102') comprised by the second application unit (101') is provided, which together with the application roller (103') of the second application unit (101') or a further roller of the second application unit (101') located in a roller train between the metering roller (102') and the application roller (103') forms a metering gap (104'), which is used for forming the film and through which a dry powder mixture (004) for producing a second dry film (003') can be conveyed.

13. Machine according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the metering gap (104; 104') is designed so as to be adjustable based on a position-based positioning drive (109; 109'), that is, can be set toward a constant and / or defined gap width by way of a position-based positioning mechanism (113; 113').

14. Machine according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that an inspection device (403; 403.1; 403.2) is provided at the substrate path of the substrate path section (400) arranged downstream from the application stage (100; 100'), by which the product strand surface of the product strand (002) passing the measuring station (408) can be checked and / or is checked for completeness of the surface and / or for the thickness of the applied dry film (003; 003').

15. Machine according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14, characterized in that a measuring station (408) is provided at the substrate path of the substrate path section (400) arranged downstream from the application stage (100; 100'), by which a product strand thickness of the product strand (002) passing the measuring station (408) can be determined and / or is determined.