SET OF BUILDING ELEMENTS FOR A WOODEN BUILDING

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a set of building elements for a building made of wood, comprising a plurality of base elements and wall or ceiling elements that can be placed on these and are detachably connectable to one another.

[0002] Wooden houses, or buildings made of wood, are known in a wide variety of types and designs, be it as garden sheds, temporary dwellings, log cabins, or the like. Likewise, building components or sets of components from which such buildings can be constructed are readily available. For most such wooden buildings, as well as the sets of components required for their construction, it should be noted that a team of specialists is necessary for erecting the buildings. This is due to various factors, such as the transport and assembly of prefabricated walls on site, the weight of the individual components, or the fact that the buildings cannot be erected at all without the appropriate knowledge, tools, and machinery.However, existing technical documentation already describes buildings that can be assembled quickly and relatively easily, intended as holiday homes or temporary housing, and which can sometimes even be assembled without the assistance of professionals. Almost all of these prefabricated building kits have in common that they must be assembled by screwing or nailing the individual components together, followed by the insertion of stiffening elements, sealants, pipes or conduits, and plastering. Because the components must also be connected with screws, nails, or rivets during assembly to ensure that walls erected from the components do not tend to tip over, gape apart, or similar problems, it is clear that constructing these buildings without significant assistance and the cooperation of several people seems impossible.

[0003] US5165212A describes a wall made of hollow panels, which are connected to form a wall by means of elongated plates arranged in the floor or ceiling area and connecting elements.

[0004] EP 0 117 205, for example, describes an assembly method for prefabricated plates and connecting elements, which plates have complementary recesses in their end areas into which breaking, rod-shaped, contoured connecting elements can be inserted.

[0005] From EP 2 116 657 a kit with a double density barrier can be taken, in which two walls arranged at a distance from each other are connected to each other by means of connecting and stiffening elements.

[0006] US4850170A describes a component and a method for manufacturing walls from this component, in which two spaced-apart, plate-shaped elements are connected to each other by means of a clamp.

[0007] US2394443A discloses the construction of a wall consisting primarily of box-shaped elements, which can be connected to one another by means of interlocking locking elements. The locking elements engage in corresponding grooves in the box-shaped profiles and are themselves designed to be connected to one another in the manner of a carriage bolt.

[0008] US2017183869A1 discloses a generic set of building components for a building made of wood.

[0009] The aim of the present invention is to provide a set of building components with which it is possible to erect a complete building, with which it is particularly possible to achieve the connection of the individual building components purely mechanically and without aids made of materials other than wood.

[0010] To solve this problem, the set of building elements according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the wall or ceiling elements are formed from essentially box-shaped elements having a rectangular cavity in their interior, each consisting of side walls, tops and bottoms, that the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements have a U-shaped profile on two outer sides, that the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elementsCeiling elements have recesses at at least one end area for the engagement of connecting elements, that the recesses in the essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements are essentially designed as a one-sided dovetail profile and are formed on two opposite sides of the essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements, that each connecting element has at least two recesses arranged horizontally in the building in two essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements.Ceiling elements are equipped with locking elements that represent essentially complementary extensions and a connecting part having a groove, and that at least one stiffening element, in particular two essentially wedge-shaped stiffening elements with beveled sides that are complementary to each other, are inserted into grooves formed for this purpose in the connecting elements between each pair of opposing connecting elements. Because the wall and ceiling elements are formed from essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements having a rectangular cavity, it is possible to...To provide ceiling elements that can have any dimensions, in particular those that can have a rectangular cavity of any size inside, in order to subsequently construct a timber building from these elements without having to fear warping or sagging of individual wall or ceiling elements due to, for example, uneven loading, an uneven floor surface, or the like. The rectangular cavity provided inside the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements, which can of course also be square, serves the purpose of providing space for pipes or the like.through the interior of the individual building elements, and on the other hand, thereby providing a corresponding wall thickness, which is defined in advance, that can ensure a stable structure, sufficient sealing against external weather conditions, and, above all, sufficient stability of a building constructed from it. By designing the recesses in the essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements as a one-sided dovetail profile and on two opposite sides of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements...When ceiling elements are formed, it is possible to provide a connecting profile into which connecting elements can be inserted and at the same time it can be ensured that these do not tear out due to the intended essentially one-sided dovetail profile, that no gaps are formed by expansion or shrinkage of the wood forming these parts, or the like.

[0011] In order to ensure that two or more wall or ceiling elements connected to each other by connecting elements can reliably withstand any pressure on a wall formed thereby, such as pressure caused by weather conditions, such as snow load, wind or the like, the invention is further developed in such a way that at least one stiffening element, in particular two stiffening elements having beveled sides that are complementary to each other and essentially wedge-shaped, are inserted between each pair of opposing connecting elements in grooves formed for this purpose in the connecting elements.By inserting two wedge-shaped stiffening elements, each with complementary beveled sides, into the designated grooves of the connecting elements, it is possible to ensure secure bracing of the individual wall and ceiling elements, as well as the connecting elements, by driving in one of these elements and simultaneously arranging the second stiffening element in, for example, the corresponding groove or recess of the connecting element, without the use of screws, nails, or the like. This allows an entire building to be erected and stabilized without any screws, nails, or other fasteners. Furthermore, the two stiffening elements reliably brace the building even in the event of settlement, as their sliding action ensures they always occupy the maximum available space between the connecting elements.

[0012] By providing the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements with a U-shaped profile on two outer sides, an additional cavity is created. This cavity remains free after erection, particularly when two such essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements are stacked on top of each other. Sealing material can be inserted into this cavity, pipes can be routed through it, or, for example, a base element can be inserted, either for stiffening purposes or to form a floor slab. Furthermore, by providing recesses at at least one end of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements for the engagement of connecting elements, two or more of the wall or ceiling elements can be joined together using these connecting elements, without the need for screwing or nailing them together.By equipping each connecting element with two locking elements extending or arranged horizontally in the building direction, a plurality of essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements can be stacked one above the other and connected to each other with a connecting element that projects above the height of an essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element, without having to ensure that these stacked essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements are not displaced relative to each other or are not precisely aligned. With such a design of the set of building elements, it is possible to assemble an entire house or building without the use of screws, nails, or other connecting elements.to erect buildings and to connect the walls to each other in a captive manner solely by providing connecting elements with locking elements.

[0013] Furthermore, by designing the set of building elements such that the side walls of the essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements project vertically beyond the connecting floor and ceiling surfaces, a space is created both in the floor area beneath and above the essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements. Various other elements, such as electrical conduits, can be inserted into these spaces. In a further development of the invention, the set of building elements is designed such that the base elements are designed as slidable plates that can be inserted between the projecting ends of the side walls of the essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements. In this way, a floor slab for a building constructed from the set of building elements can be provided without the need for a separate foundation or similar structure.needs to be erected or a modification of the shape of individual, essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements would be required.

[0014] To reliably prevent the displacement of superimposed wall or ceiling elements and also to reliably prevent the formation of cracks or gaps between superimposed wall or ceiling elements, the invention is further developed in such a way that the side walls of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements each have at least one groove or a projection, in particular a rib, that fits into the groove on their upper and lower surfaces. By providing grooves or projections such as ribs or the like that fit into one another, it is possible, on the one hand, to ensure the correct alignment of individual essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements and, on the other hand, to prevent any formation of cracks between superimposed essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements.To prevent cracks, gaps, or unintentional shifting of the individual, essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements relative to one another, the entire wall of the building can be constructed simply by stacking multiple, essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements and then connecting them by inserting connecting elements. Regarding the connecting elements, it should be noted that they can be prefabricated in any length and either cut to length once the total height of a building wall has been reached, or they can be used as prefabricated individual pieces of a specific length, with multiple pieces stacked on top of each other.

[0015] By designing the essentially box-shaped element such that the bottom and top surfaces of each essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element are inserted into its side walls by means of a tongue-and-groove profile, which is particularly glued, a secure and permanent connection between the side walls and top or bottom surfaces of each essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element is provided, whereby the gluing also prevents unintentional separation. For a particularly secure connection, the invention is further developed in that the glued tongue-and-groove profile is designed as a glued dovetail profile. Dovetail profiles are significantly more secure in this context than, for example, profiles formed only by rectangular or square ribs that are inserted into a corresponding groove.

[0016] To increase the rigidity of the entire building and, in particular, of the individual wall and ceiling elements, the invention is further developed in such a way that the floor and ceiling surfaces of each essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element are made of wooden boards with a wood grain inclined at an angle of between 20 and 60°. By making the floor and ceiling surfaces of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element from wooden boards whose grain does not run parallel to or is not perpendicular to the grain of adjacent surfaces, and which, in particular, includes an angle of 20 to 60° relative to a horizontally or vertically inclined grain, it is possible to achieve a further special stiffening of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element.To provide ceiling elements that, in particular, reliably prevent the individual boards forming the box from cracking along the grain. Finally, to further improve stiffening, the design can be such that the grain runs in the opposite direction from the bottom surface to that of the top surface.

[0017] In order to be able to manufacture any desired building from the set of building elements, the invention is further developed in such a way that the recesses for the engagement of connecting elements in the essentially box-shaped elements are formed on at least one end face or at least one side face of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element. By forming the recess for the engagement of connecting elements in the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements on the end face or at least one side face of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element, either two essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements can be arranged directly one behind the other, corner connections can be formed by connecting one of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements to the other.Ceiling elements have recesses for the engagement of connecting elements at the end face and at the end of a side face, or they can be used to form partition walls of a building, for example, by having the recesses for the engagement of the connecting element in a central area of ​​at least one side wall of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element. In this way, with an extremely small number of components and, in particular, with the use of only a very limited number of machines for cutting the profiles, it is possible to provide all the elements for the construction of an entire building. The elements can be secured against each other, and especially against falling apart, by stacking and wedging or clamping them together, i.e., by connecting elements or wedge-shaped stiffening elements.With such a set of building elements, any building can be constructed.

[0018] It goes without saying that the essentially box-shaped wall elements can also be used as ceiling elements, whereby they are simply placed over the space spanned by the wall elements, whereby securing them is possible not only by engaging the existing grooves or ribs but also by fixing them to the underlying wall elements using the connecting elements, for which the corresponding recess for receiving a connecting element simply has to be cut out at another point on the essentially box-shaped ceiling element.

[0019] For simplified production of the building element set, these elements are made of solid wood. When constructing a building from this set, it is possible to arrange the individual, essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements in a staggered pattern, using connecting elements and stiffening elements that extend only the height of a single wall or ceiling element. Alternatively, multiple wall and ceiling elements can be stacked vertically, with their ends aligned, using a single connecting element extending the height of the stacked elements and the corresponding stiffening elements. It goes without saying that in practice, both variants are used in the same building to ensure stable cohesion between the individual wall and ceiling elements.To enable ceiling elements.

[0020] It goes without saying that sealing materials such as natural sealing materials, be it sheep's wool, sawdust, wood shavings, rock wool or the like, can be introduced into the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements, and that, should this be desired, a building constructed from the set of building elements can have further sealing materials on its exterior or interior, such as plate-shaped seals, plaster or even wooden battens or wooden shingles, as is often found in the Alpine region.

[0021] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing. In this drawing, Fig. 1 a perspective view from the front of two superimposed, essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements with a base element inserted underneath, Fig. 2 a connection of two essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements by means of two opposing connecting elements, Fig. 3 a perspective partial section of a floor or top surface of an essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element, which is glued together using a dovetail profile, and Fig. 4 a schematic representation of a corner joint of two floor or ceiling surfaces of an essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element.

[0022] In Fig. 1 The elements 1 are essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements, which, in the illustration shown, are arranged to fit one another and into each other via a tongue-and-groove joint consisting of a rib 2 and a groove 3. The essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements 1 each consist of side walls 4 and top surfaces 5 or bottom surfaces 6. The side walls 4 project vertically beyond the top surfaces 5 and 6, respectively, and the top surfaces 5 and 6 are glued into the side walls 4 by means of a glued tongue-and-groove profile 7. Because the side walls 4 project vertically beyond the top and bottom surfaces 5 and 6, sealing material, pipes, or the like can be inserted into the resulting space. In the illustration shown Fig. 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the base plate 9 is inserted into the lower formed free space 8. Sealing materials, pipes, wastewater pipes, electrical cables, or the like can be installed not only in the formed free spaces 8, but also in the interior of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element, without requiring an excessive number of openings or the like in the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements.

[0023] In order to connect two essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements 1, as shown in Fig. 2 As shown, a connecting element 10 is inserted in the end region of each essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element 1. The connecting element 10 is designed such that a connecting element 10 is inserted into grooves formed in the end region of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element 1 on both sides of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element 1, in this case essentially dovetail-shaped grooves 11, wherein the connecting element 10 has two essentially complementary extensions 12 corresponding to the dovetail profile 11, and a connecting part 13 which keeps the two adjacent, essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements 1 apart. In the connecting parts 13, on the side facing the inside of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element 1, aOn the side of the connecting element facing ceiling element 1, a groove 16 is formed, into which groove 16 fits. Fig. 2 The stiffening elements 14, not shown, can be used. The stiffening elements 14 are each formed from two complementary, chamfered, and essentially wedge-shaped stiffening elements 14.

[0024] Fig. 3 Figure 1 shows a detail of a top or bottom surface of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element 1, which is glued into the side wall 4 of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element 1 by means of a dovetail profile. This design offers increased safety and will, in particular, reliably prevent the loss or breakage of side walls from the top or bottom surfaces.

[0025] In Fig. 4 A schematic representation of a corner joint is shown, in which the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements 1 are connected to each other by means of connecting elements 10. The connecting elements 10 are embedded in the end face of one of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements 1 and in a side face 4 of a second essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element 1. The connection is made by inserting an essentially dovetail-shaped profile 12 of the connecting element 10 into a corresponding recess 11 in the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element 1, the recess 11 being formed either on the end face or on the side face of the same, thus enabling a simple and reliable corner joint to be formed.

[0026] Out of Fig. 4Two complementary, essentially wedge-shaped stiffening elements 14 are evident, which are inserted into grooves 15 that form the area 13 of the connecting elements 10.

[0027] It goes without saying that other profile shapes can be used instead of dovetail profiles to ensure a secure connection between two of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements 1, without departing from the scope of the present invention. A key aspect of the present invention is that it enables the construction of a building without the use of screws, nails, or the like, and that prefabricated parts can be easily and reliably connected directly on the construction site without requiring excessive labor and, in particular, machinery.

[0028] Just as it is possible to erect a building from the set of building elements according to the invention, such a building can not only have insulating or sealing material inside the individual, essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling element 1, but the walls formed therefrom can of course be insulated, sealed, plastered, clad with battens or otherwise covered in any way from the outside.

[0029] To form a ceiling from the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements, these are placed by means of a groove onto the corresponding projections of the essentially box-shaped wall element below in such a way that they span the free space of a room formed from the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements 1.

Claims

1. A set of building elements for a building made of wood, comprising a plurality of base elements (9) and wall or ceiling elements (1) which can be placed thereon and which can be releasably connected to one another, wherein the wall and ceiling elements (1) are essential formed from box-shaped elements comprising a rectangular cavity in their interior, each comprising side walls (4) and upper faces (5) or lower sides (6), wherein the essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements (1) have a U-shaped profile at two outer sides, wherein the essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements (1) have recesses (11) for the engagement of connecting elements (10) in at least one end region, wherein the recesses (11) in the essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements (1) are formed essentially as a one-sided dovetail profile (11) and are formed at two mutually opposite sides of the essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements (1), wherein each connecting element (10) is provided with at least two locking element arranged in the horizontal direction of the building, insertable into two essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements (1), representing essentially complementary extensions (12) and comprising a connecting part (13) comprising a groove (16) and wherein between each two mutually opposite connecting elements (10) at least one stiffening element (14), in particular two essentially wedge-shaped stiffening elements (14) each having sides bevelled to one anot1her in a complementary manner, are introduced into grooves (16) formed for the purpose in the connecting elements (10).

2. The set of building elements according to claim 1, characterised in that side walls (4) of the essentially box-shaped wall or ceiling elements (1) project in the height direction over these connecting floor and ceiling areas (5, 6).

3. The set of building elements according to claim 2, characterised in that the side walls (4) of the essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling elements (1) each comprise at their upper and lower sides at least one groove (3) or a projection fitting into the groove (3), in particular a rib (2).

4. The set of building elements according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the floor and ceiling areas (5, 6) of each essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling element (1) is inserted in the side wall (4) by means of an in particular glued tongue-and-groove profile (7).

5. The set of building elements according to claim 4, characterised in that the glued tongue-and-groove profile (7) is formed as a glued dovetail profile (11).

6. A set of building elements according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the floor and ceiling surfaces of each essentially box-shaped wall and ceiling element (1) is made from wooden planks with a wood grain inclined at an angle of 20 to 60°C.

7. The set of building elements according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the base elements (9) are formed as a plates that can be inserted between projecting ends of the side walls (4).

8. The set of building elements according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the recesses (11) for engagement of connecting elements (10) in the essentially box-shaped elements are formed on at least one end face or at least one side face (4) of the essentially box-shaped element.

9. The set of building elements according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the building elements are formed from solid wood.