SHOCK-PROOF CEILING SYSTEM

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a shock-resistant ceiling system.

[0002] Compartment walls are used on ships to separate different spaces, such as cabins or passageways, between decks and bulkheads. These walls consist of thin, non-load-bearing panels and are solely designed to divide the space. A distinction is typically made between wall panels and ceiling panels. The ceiling panels are usually rigidly connected to the wall panels. The wall panels, in turn, are rigidly attached to the decks and held in place by vibration-damped brackets on the bulkheads.

[0003] However, this design has a significant disadvantage for naval vessels: in the event of a direct hit, the resulting shock wave traveling through the ship can cause severe damage. This danger arises because the shock wave is slowed down by internal damping within the ship's structure. The wall panels, however, exhibit different internal damping than the rest of the ship's structure. As a result, the wall and / or ceiling panels can move at a different speed than the surrounding bulkheads and decks, colliding with them and causing severe damage not only to the wall and / or ceiling panels themselves, but also to the bulkheads and decks. Consequently, falling panels can cause serious personal injury.

[0004] CN 208 981 609 U relates to an earthquake-resistant ceiling system for buildings. The ceiling system comprises ceiling panels connected to a connecting plate by means of rubber balls. The connecting plate is connected to a load-bearing beam via an intermediate support. The load-bearing beam is, in turn, attached to the ceiling by means of rods, with an oil chamber containing additional spring elements located between them. Furthermore, the ceiling panels are connected to each other by means of complementary tongue-and-groove joints. The ceiling panels are also held by side guides that are pre-tensioned by a spring. The oil chamber with the spring elements, as well as the rubber balls and the springs, are intended to dampen vibrations and prevent damage to the ceilings in the event of a shock caused by an earthquake. This document discloses a shock-resistant ceiling system according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0005] CN 209 874 208 U also relates to a ceiling system. In this system, the ceiling panel is connected to the load-bearing beam via an auxiliary beam. This beam is connected to the ceiling via a spacer. The spacer has a damping spring and a shock-absorbing unit in its base. The auxiliary beam has a shock-absorbing rubber mat. This ceiling system is designed to prevent damage in the event of an earthquake by means of the spring located in the base of the spacer and the shock-absorbing unit in combination with the shock-absorbing rubber mat.

[0006] DE 43 14 422 A1 relates to a partition wall arrangement, preferably for living decks of ships. A wall panel arrangement with removable panels is presented, the edges of which are enclosed by profiles and thus held in place by the profiles.

[0007] CN 109572941 A relates to a shock-absorbing structure for connecting a ceiling to the deck of a ship. The structure is intended to prevent damage to the ceiling caused by operational vibrations of the ship.

[0008] CN 201296367 Y relates to another shock-absorbing structure designed to prevent the negative consequences of operational vibrations.

[0009] Based on this, the invention aims to provide a ceiling system that is protected against the effects of a shock.

[0010] The invention solves this problem by means of a ceiling system with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are presented in the dependent claims and in the following description.

[0011] The shockproof ceiling system according to the invention, which is attached to a deck of a ship, comprises a supporting element arranged below the deck, a planar ceiling panel arranged below the supporting element and extending parallel to the deck, a first vibration damping unit, which movably connects the supporting element to the deck in the vertical and horizontal directions, which has a first vertical spring stiffness and a first vertical damping, and which has a first horizontal spring stiffness and a first horizontal damping, a second vibration damping unit, which movably connects the ceiling panel to the supporting element in the vertical direction and which has a second vertical spring stiffness and a second vertical damping, wherein the first spring stiffness is higher than the second spring stiffness, and the first damping is higher than the second damping. characterized by the fact that the first vibration damping unit is formed by a single spring-damper element.

[0012] The system according to the invention simultaneously meets two requirements. On the one hand, it fulfills the typical requirements placed on a cabin ceiling in an ordinary ship. On the other hand, the ceiling system according to the invention also fulfills the naval-specific requirement of being able to withstand shock loads.

[0013] The ceiling system features a flat ceiling panel that extends parallel to the deck. This ceiling panel limits the height of a cabin in the ship to the desired level. It also serves to conceal pipes or similar components located behind the panel, thus meeting the visual requirements for the cabin's interior.

[0014] The ceiling panel is movably connected to the supporting element via a second vibration damping unit. This second unit exerts a force that counteracts any relative movement between the ceiling panel and the supporting element. The force is determined, in particular, by the distance between the ceiling panel and the supporting element resulting from this relative movement, as determined by the second vertical spring stiffness. The force is also determined, as determined by the speed of movement between the ceiling panel and the supporting element relative to each other. This vibration-decoupled connection significantly reduces vibrations of the ceiling panel, especially during operation. This ensures the longevity of the ceiling panel and also reduces noise emissions.

[0015] The ceiling system according to the invention also includes a support element between the ceiling panel and the deck. The support element is connected to the deck via the first vibration damping unit. The support element is typically more rigid and heavier than the ceiling panel. For this purpose, it is designed, for example, as a metal beam construction, for which T-beams, tubes with a round cross-section, or profile rails can be used.

[0016] Under normal operating conditions, the high first vertical spring stiffness and first vertical damping of the first vibration damping unit ensure that only minimal relative movements occur between the deck and the supporting element. The resulting forces are generated in the same way as described above for the second vibration damping unit. The minimal relative movements of the supporting element during normal operation mean that the connection of the ceiling panel to the supporting element is comparable to the direct connection of the ceiling panel to the deck in conventional ceiling systems. As with conventional ceiling systems, the second vibration damping unit is primarily responsible for decoupling the ceiling panel from the supporting element.

[0017] In the event of a shock load, high accelerations of up to 100 g occur. The second vibration damping unit can then provide decoupling between

[0018] The load-bearing element and ceiling panel can no longer be guaranteed. Due to the significantly higher spring stiffness and damping of the first vibration damping unit compared to the second, the first unit can absorb the high accelerations and resulting high forces that occur during a shock load. The first vibration damping unit thus prevents any collision between the ceiling and the load-bearing element. Furthermore, it ensures that any vibration occurring after a shock-induced relative movement between the ceiling and the load-bearing element is strongly damped and decays quickly. The spring stiffness and damping of the first vibration damping unit are specifically matched to the combined weight of the load-bearing element and the ceiling panel. Therefore, the first vibration damping unit prevents damage to the ceiling system even under shock loads.

[0019] According to the invention, the first vibration damping unit is formed by a single spring-damper element. The number of elements depends on the size of the ceiling system, with more spring-damper elements being used in larger ceiling systems. In principle, any suitable spring-damper element can be used for the first vibration damping unit. In particular, the use of multiple spring-damper elements allows the forces acting upon a shock load to be distributed.

[0020] According to another design, the second vibration damping unit is also formed by one or more spring-damper elements. The number depends on the size of the ceiling system, with larger ceiling systems using more spring-damper elements. In principle, any suitable spring-damper element can be used for the second vibration damping unit. The use of multiple spring-damper elements, in particular, allows the forces acting on the second vibration damping unit to be distributed during normal operation.

[0021] According to the invention, the first vibration damping unit connects the supporting element to the deck in a horizontal direction so as to be movable and exhibits a first horizontal spring stiffness and a first horizontal damping in the horizontal direction. The first vibration damping unit allows decoupling of the ceiling system and the deck not only in the vertical direction, but also in a horizontal direction. Depending on the design, decoupling is possible in the longitudinal direction of the ship and / or in the transverse direction.

[0022] The horizontal decoupling allows the first vibration damping unit to ensure shock resistance of the ceiling system even under shock loads that do not act exclusively in the vertical direction. In this way, the ceiling system is protected under various loads. To achieve this, the second horizontal spring stiffness and second horizontal damping of the first vibration damping unit are matched to the expected shock load accelerations and the weight of the ceiling system.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the first vibration damping unit comprises a single wire spring element. A wire spring element typically includes a spirally wound wire spring and two opposing mountings. The wire spring is guided through bores in the mountings. The mountings are, in turn, connected to two objects to be decoupled, in this case, the ceiling system and the deck. The mountings can be attached directly to these objects or indirectly via brackets, such as angle brackets.

[0024] When there is relative movement between the objects to be decoupled, the wire spring deforms. Due to its construction from many individual, twisted wires, the deformation of the wire spring is strongly damped. The wire springs can also move within their mountings, resulting in further damping through friction.

[0025] Due to their design, wire spring elements are able to absorb large forces and generate high damping. At the same time, they require little maintenance because they do not need additional oil or other viscous fluid to generate damping.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the second vibration damping unit comprises one or more spacers with an elastomer element. A spacer with an elastomer element is connected to two objects to be decoupled from each other, in this case, a load-bearing element and a ceiling panel. The elastomer element allows damped relative movement between the objects to be decoupled. By selecting the spring stiffness and damping of the elastomer element, ceiling panel types of varying weights can be connected to the ceiling or the load-bearing element.

[0027] In one design, the ceiling panel has an upper metal layer and a lower metal layer, as well as an insulating layer between the upper and lower metal layers. The ceiling panel is constructed as a multi-layer panel to meet the diverse requirements placed upon it. The outer layers are made of metal, with an insulating layer in between. This insulating layer serves to dampen noise and provide thermal insulation. Other objects, such as vibration dampers, lights, fans, etc., can be easily attached to the outer metal layers.

[0028] In one design, a ceiling panel is enclosed along one vertical edge by an edge profile. To protect the multi-layered ceiling panel and also to define its edges, one edge of the ceiling panel can be enclosed by an edge profile. The edge profile can be a U-shaped metal profile with an opening that is as large as the thickness of the ceiling panel. This allows the edge profile to be slid onto the edge of the ceiling panel. Other objects, such as partition walls, can easily be attached to the edge profile.

[0029] In one design, the load-bearing element is a profile rail (profile beam), specifically a C-, U-, T-, or double-T profile rail. Profile rails with various cross-sections are available in a wide range of sizes, are easy to work with, have a high area moment of inertia that contributes to their bending stiffness, and are easy to dimension when designing the ceiling system. Furthermore, a profile rail can be designed so that it can be easily combined with other profile rails to form a profile rail system. Typically, such profile rails have a C-shaped cross-section, which further enhances their favorable processing and load-bearing properties. In particular, it is also possible to use U-shaped profile rails, double-T profile rails, T-profile rails, or even square tubes. These profiles all exhibit a high area moment of inertia, resulting in high bending stiffness at a low weight.

[0030] Depending on the design, the ceiling system may have one or more supporting elements. A wall system may have one or more ceiling panels. A wall system may also have one or more supporting elements. Multiple ceiling panels and / or supporting elements are necessary when the ceiling system is intended to enclose correspondingly large spaces. Furthermore, the use of several of these components may be advantageous when there are specific requirements regarding the insulation or visual properties of the ceiling system.

[0031] In one design, several load-bearing elements are connected to one another. If multiple load-bearing elements are planned, they can be connected. For example, they are bolted, welded, or joined using another suitable joining method. Connecting the load-bearing elements ensures that they together form a system. This simplifies the design and allows larger chambers to be fitted with a ceiling.

[0032] It is also possible to assemble all the supporting elements together, which simplifies the assembly process. By selecting appropriate joining methods and using a sufficient number of supporting elements, different ceiling sizes and load scenarios can be accommodated.

[0033] In one design, several support elements have different orientations. To accommodate a sufficient number of support elements in larger compartments, these elements are oriented differently. Typically, some support elements are arranged longitudinally along the ship, while others are oriented transversely. Together, these differently oriented support elements cover the entire deck area above a compartment, or the desired area.

[0034] In one design, the ceiling system comprises one or more ceiling panels. In another design, several ceiling panels are connected. If multiple ceiling panels are used, they can be connected to create a continuous enclosure within the chamber. The ceiling panels can be directly joined using a suitable joining method, such as welding. However, the use of adapter plates or additional, smaller intermediate profiles is also possible. The use of such additional connecting elements allows for various joining techniques, such as riveting or screwing.

[0035] In one design, two ceiling panels are connected by an elongated, flat profile filled with insulating material, with its main direction of expansion being horizontal. This elongated, flat profile allows for easy connection of the ceiling panels. The profile also creates a shadow gap, thus contributing to the visual appearance of the ceiling system. To create the shadow gap, the ceiling panels are, for example, attached to the underside of the elongated, flat profile with a gap between them.

[0036] Besides their aesthetic appeal, the elongated, flat profiles allow for simplified disassembly of ceiling panels, for example, for maintenance, when multiple panels are present. The ceiling panels simply need to be removed from the elongated, flat profiles. This would not be possible with a conventional ceiling construction where individual ceiling panels interlock to form a continuous ceiling. With such a construction, all ceiling panels would have to be removed, starting from one wall.

[0037] According to one embodiment, the second vibration damping unit is attached to elongated, flat profiles. Attaching the second vibration damping unit to the elongated profile(s) to which the ceiling panels are connected allows for simple design and manufacturing of the ceiling system. The elongated, flat profiles are stiffer than the larger, flat ceiling panels, so connecting the second vibration damping unit to the elongated, flat profiles is advantageous with regard to force transmission.

[0038] In one design, the shock-resistant ceiling system is connected to a flat wall extending perpendicular to the ceiling. The ceiling system serves to define the upper boundary of a chamber. Additionally, the wall serves to delimit the chamber laterally, for example, to create passageways or shafts. As with the ceiling system, the wall provides both visual separation and vibration and thermal insulation. The wall can be connected directly or indirectly via an adapter or other connecting elements. The connection is particularly easy to achieve if the ceiling panel has an edge profile to which the wall can be attached. An adapter can be implemented, for example, as a profile into which the wall panel is inserted, or as a bracket using angles or other spacers.

[0039] In this document, the terms top, bottom, left, right, front, and aft refer to positions and directions relative to the orientation of a ship in which the ceiling system according to the invention is installed. The bow of the ship is considered front, and the stern is considered aft. Starboard corresponds to left, and port to right. Furthermore, the keel is positioned below, and the decks are located above the keel. In this context, "vertical" means from top to bottom or bottom to top, and "horizontal" is a direction perpendicular to the vertical.

[0040] Furthermore, in this document, an indefinite article refers to any corresponding object. Quantities are indicated by corresponding numerical words, e.g., "a single object".

[0041] The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. The figures show: Fig. 1 a side view of part of the shock-resistant ceiling system, Fig. 2 a front view of part of the shock-resistant ceiling system, Fig. 3 a top view of part of the shock-resistant ceiling system, Fig. 4 a side view of part of a shock-resistant ceiling system with connection to a shock-resistant wall system.

[0042] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows a side view of a part of the shock-resistant ceiling system according to the invention. In the upper part of the drawing, a deck 1 is visible, to which a main frame 2 and a frame 3 are attached. Below the deck 1 are the day element 4 and the ceiling panels 5.

[0043] The supporting element 4 is included in the representation of Fig. 1 connected to further support elements 6 that are not readily apparent (see above). Fig. 2), which are arranged transversely to the support element 4. Wire spring elements 7 are attached to the further, transversely arranged support elements 6. The wire spring elements are also indirectly attached to the support element 4 through the connection between the support element 4 and the support elements 6. The wire spring elements 7 are connected to the deck 1, so that the support element 4 is connected to the deck via wire spring elements 7. In the illustrated embodiment, the support elements 4 and the otherwise identical support elements 6 arranged transversely to them are formed by C-profile rails.

[0044] The ceiling panels 5 are connected to the elongated, flat profiles 8. Two ceiling panels 5 are screwed to the underside of each elongated, flat profile 8. A gap remains between the ceiling panels, through which the elongated, flat profiles are visible from below. This shadow gap contributes to the appearance of the ceiling. Spacers with elastomeric elements 9 are also attached to the elongated, flat profiles 8. The spacers with elastomeric elements 9 connect the elongated, flat profiles 8, as well as the ceiling panels 5 attached to them, to the supporting element 4.

[0045] Because the spacers with elastomeric elements 9 are attached to the elongated, flat profiles 8, the disassembly of the ceiling panels 5 is simplified. They simply need to be unscrewed from the elongated, flat profiles 8. Despite the ease of maintenance, a sealed ceiling is achieved. In a conventional construction, the ceiling panels 5 would have to interlock to create a sealed ceiling. In such a case, disassembly would be significantly more difficult because all ceiling panels 5 would have to be removed, starting from one side, to replace a ceiling panel 5 or to access the space behind it.

[0046] Between deck 1 and support element 4, there is space for coordination. Coordination refers to the placement of the necessary cables, hoses, pipes, etc., within the ship. Smaller components of the coordination system, such as flexible ventilation hoses, can also be housed in the space between support element 4 and ceiling panels 5.

[0047] The wire spring elements 7 each consist of an upper bracket 10 and a lower bracket 11, as well as a spirally wound wire spring 12. The upper bracket is L-shaped and connected to the frame 3. The lower bracket is also L-shaped and connected to a transversely arranged, but not visible, support element 6. The wire spring 12 connects the two brackets 10 and 11. Each bracket has a receptacle through which the wire spring 12 passes. During relative movement between the support elements 4, 6 and the deck 1, the wire spring 12 is stretched or compressed. The wire spring 12 is formed from several intertwined wires. These wires move relative to each other when the wire spring 12 compresses or retracts.The compression and rebound of the springs results in high damping, so that even at high accelerations, such as those occurring during a shock load, the forces generated are absorbed without a collision between the ceiling system and the deck, and the resulting vibration quickly subsides.

[0048] The spacers with elastomeric element 9 each consist of a rod 13 and an elastomeric element 14. The rods 13 are connected to the support element 4. The elastomeric elements 14 are connected to the elongated, flat profile 8. The elastomeric elements 14 allow relative movement between the support element 4 and the ceiling panels 5, which are connected to the support element 4 via the elongated, flat profiles 8. The elastomeric elements 14 dampen these movements, preventing or significantly weakening the transmission of vibrations from the ship's structure to the ceiling panels 5. This increases the service life of the ceiling panels 5 and reduces noise levels in the compartments. In the event of a shock load, the spring stiffness and damping of the spacers with elastomeric element 9 are insufficient to absorb all the resulting forces. They then move approximately in conjunction with the support element 4.As previously described, the supporting element is decoupled from the deck by the wire spring elements 7, even under shock load, so that the ceiling panels 5 are also decoupled from the shock load.

[0049] In the background, a wall 15 can be seen, which forms the side boundaries of the chamber shown. The wall 15 is attached to support elements 4 via further spacers with elastomeric elements 16. These support elements 4 are located behind the support element 4 shown and are therefore not visible.

[0050] Fig. 2 Shows a front view of a part of the shock-resistant ceiling system according to the invention. The main frame 2 and frame 3 are also shown in this view. Compared to Fig. 1The previously unseen support element 6 is now visible. The lower brackets 11 of the wire spring elements 7 are attached to this element. From this view, it is particularly clear that the wire springs 12 are wound in a spiral. It is also evident that spacers with elastomer elements 9 are attached to the support element 6, to which the ceiling panels 5 are attached by means of the elongated, flat profiles 8.

[0051] In this view, a wall 15 for the boundary of the chamber and further spacers with elastomer element 16 can also be seen in the background.

[0052] Fig. 3Figure 1 shows a top view of a portion of the shock-resistant wall system according to the invention. Frames 3, to which the wire spring elements 7 are attached, are again visible. The support elements 4 and the support elements 6 arranged transversely to them are also visible. The wire spring elements 7 are attached to the transversely arranged support elements 6. The elongated, flat profiles 8 and the ceiling panels 5 attached to these are additionally attached to the support elements 4 and 6 via spacers with elastomeric elements 9.

[0053] Fig. 4Figure 1 shows a side view of a section of a shock-resistant ceiling system with a connection to a shock-resistant wall system. The figure again shows the load-bearing element 4, as well as a load-bearing element 6 mounted transversely to it, ceiling panels 5, an elongated, flat profile 8, a spacer with an elastomeric element 9, another spacer with an elastomeric element 16, and the wall 17. Further details of these components are visible, which are not shown in the previous figures.

[0054] It can be seen that the long, flat profile 8 is filled with insulating material 17 and is connected to the spacer with elastomeric element 8 via the clamp 18, which serves as a lower receptacle. The clamp 18 surrounds the long, flat profile 8 and is connected to the elongated, flat profile 8 at each side by screws. The elastomeric element 14 is attached to the top of the clamp 18. The rod 13 is connected to the support element 4 via an upper receptacle 19.

[0055] The ceiling panels 5 are attached to the underside of the elongated, flat profile 8 with screws 20. The ceiling panels 5 have outwardly projecting profiles that are flush with the top surface of the ceiling panels 5. These profiles abut the underside of the elongated, flat profile 8, and the screws 20 pass through these profiles. The ceiling panels 5 are also filled with insulating material 21. This insulating material provides thermal and acoustic insulation.

[0056] An edge profile 22 encompasses the vertical edge of the ceiling panel 5. The edge profile 22 is also attached to the head profile 23 of the wall 15 by a rivet. Insulating material 24 is located in the head profile 23. The wall panel 25, which is also filled with insulating material 26, projects into the lower area of ​​the head profile. In the event of a shock, or even during normal operation, relative movement between the ceiling profile 23 and the wall panel 25 is possible through the downward-facing opening of the head profile 23. The head profile 23 is a U-shaped profile with straight side walls. The straight side walls of the head profile 23 are vertically oriented and thus guide the movement of the wall panel 25 in the vertical direction. The insulating material 24 located in the head profile 23 is compressed and thereby dampens the movement of the wall panel 25.Particularly in the event of a shock, the entire vertical movement space available in the head profile 23 for the wall panel 25 can be utilized, with the insulating material 24 absorbing the resulting forces and thus preventing damage to the wall panel 25 as well as to the rest of the ceiling system. Due to its ability to withstand shock loads, the wall is also shock-resistant. Reference sign

[0057] 1 Deck 2 Main frame 3 Frame 4 Load-bearing elements 5 Ceiling panels 6 Load-bearing elements 7 Wire spring elements 8 Elongated, flat profile 9 Spacer with elastomer element 10 Upper bracket 11 Lower bracket 12 Wire spring elements 13 Rod 14 Elastomer element 15 Wall 16 Spacer with elastomer element 17 Insulation material 18 Clamp 19 Upper mounting 20 Screw 21 Insulation material 22 Edge profile 23 Head profile 24 Insulation material 25 Wall panel 26 Insulation material

Claims

1. Shock-resistant ceiling system attached to a deck (1) of a ship, comprising a) a support element (4) arranged below the deck, b) a planar ceiling panel (5) arranged below the support element (4) and extending parallel to the deck, c) a first vibration damping unit, i) connecting the support element (4) to the deck (1) movably in vertical and horizontal directions, ii) having a first vertical spring stiffness and a first vertical damping, and iii) having a first horizontal spring stiffness and a first horizontal damping, d) a second vibration damping unit, i) connecting the ceiling panel to the support element movably in the vertical direction, and ii) having a second vertical spring stiffness and a second vertical damping, e) wherein i) the first vertical spring stiffness is higher than the second vertical spring stiffness, ii) the first vertical damping is higher than the second vertical damping, characterized in that f) the first vibration damping unit is formed by a single spring-damper element.

2. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to claim 1, wherein the second vibration damping unit has a single or multiple spacers with an elastomer element (9).

3. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the ceiling panel (5) has an upper metal layer and a lower metal layer as well as an insulation layer (21) arranged between the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer.

4. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a ceiling panel (5) is enclosed at a vertical edge by an edge profile (22).

5. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the support element (4) is a profile rail, in particular a C-, U-, T- or double-T-profile rail.

6. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 5, which has a single or multiple support elements.

7. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to claim 6, wherein multiple support elements (4) are connected to one another.

8. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 6 or 8, wherein multiple support elements (4) have different orientations.

9. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 8, which has a single or multiple ceiling panels (5).

10. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to claim 9, wherein multiple ceiling panels (5) are connected.

11. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to claim 10, wherein two ceiling panels (5) each are connected by an elongated, flat profile (8), which is filled with insulating material (17) and whose main direction of extension is horizontal.

12. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to claim 11, wherein the second vibration damping unit is attached to elongated, flat profiles (8).

13. Shock-resistant ceiling system according to one of claims 1 to 12, which is connected to a planar wall (15) extending perpendicular to the deck.