SYSTEM WITH A BATTERY AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A SYSTEM WITH A BATTERY

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for operating a system with a battery and to a system with a battery.

[0002] In particular, the present invention relates to the problem of calendar aging of batteries.

[0003] It is known that batteries, especially lithium-ion batteries, age over time. This aging manifests itself in a decrease in the battery's performance, particularly in a reduction of its capacity (the maximum amount of charge that can be drawn from the battery) or an increase in its internal resistance. Different types of aging can be distinguished: calendar aging and cyclic aging.

[0004] Calendar aging of a battery is an aging process that occurs even when the battery is only stored or not used, in particular when it is neither actively discharged (e.g., through use) nor charged.

[0005] Cyclic aging of a battery is an aging process that occurs through battery use, particularly charging and discharging cycles. With heavy use or numerous charging and discharging cycles, a battery ages faster than with light use or few charging and discharging cycles. Furthermore, cyclic aging depends on a variety of parameters, such as charging and discharging currents and the extent of discharges and charges.

[0006] However, directly measuring the aging or state of aging of a battery is difficult or not practical in daily use of the battery.

[0007] DE 10 2020 214182 A1 relates to a method for determining the aging state of a device battery of a battery-operated device, in particular a vehicle battery of an electrically powered vehicle, taking into account calendar aging, comprising the following steps: After detecting the start of an inactivity phase, determining a state of charge and a battery temperature at regular intervals; upon activation of the device, providing a calendar aging state depending on a course of the battery temperature, which results from the measured battery temperatures during the inactivity phase, and depending on a course of the state of charge, which is determined from one or more of the states of charge measured during the inactivity phase, using a predefined aging state model.

[0008] German patent application DE 10 2021 203868 A1 relates to a method for providing an electrochemical battery model and an aging state model for a device battery. The aging state model comprises at least one physical aging model based on a further system of differential equations and is designed to model an aging state as a function of the operating parameters of the device battery. The physical aging model is used to determine an aging state.

[0009] German patent DE 10 2021 002742 A1 relates to a method for predicting the capacity and internal resistance profile of an electrochemical system, such as a battery. This method determines events based on the analysis and evaluation of load-time functions of the electrochemical system, operating data from real applications, or simulation results, taking predefined criteria into account. Phases with very small and slow changes in the state of charge are identified and treated as calendar aging events with varying mean state of charge, temperature range, and current harmonics.

[0010] The present invention is therefore based on the objective of providing a solution with which an aging state, in particular a calendar aging state, of a battery can be reliably and / or easily determined.

[0011] The problem underlying the invention is solved by a method according to claim 1 or a system according to claim 13. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0012] According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method for operating a system with a battery, wherein the battery is in particular designed as a lithium-ion battery. In the method, the state of charge and / or temperature of the battery is recorded by automatically measuring or determining the state of charge and / or temperature at several points in time, in particular by means of a measuring device of the system, and storing it at least temporarily. Using the stored states of charge and / or temperatures, a calendar-based aging state of the battery is automatically determined.

[0013] Recording the charge levels and / or temperatures allows for a simple and cost-effective reliable determination of the calendar aging state of the battery, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0014] As a measure of the battery's calendar-based aging state, a decrease in the battery's capacity compared to its nominal capacity and / or an increase in the battery's internal resistance compared to its nominal resistance are determined. The decrease in capacity and / or the increase in internal resistance represent reliable and / or easily determined quantities for representing the aging state.

[0015] To determine the calendar aging state, an aging function is preferably used that assigns a calendar aging state to different storage charge states and / or storage temperatures of a battery type after storage for one or more defined periods. The aging function is preferably empirically determined and / or battery-type specific. The use of the aging function enables a quick and easy determination of the calendar aging state in a simple and reliable manner.

[0016] To determine the aging function, measurement series are preferably carried out in which several batteries of the same type are stored for a defined period or periods with different charge levels and / or at different storage temperatures. At the end of the defined period or periods, the respective calendar aging state is measured, in particular a decrease in the battery capacity compared to its nominal capacity and / or an increase in the battery's internal resistance compared to its nominal resistance. This allows for a precise determination of the aging function of a specific battery type.

[0017] The aging function is preferably specific to the respective battery type. In particular, several aging functions for different battery types are stored electronically in a database. Furthermore, information about the battery type is preferably assigned to the battery, and the aging function corresponding to the battery type is selected using this information to determine the calendar-based aging state of the battery. The use of a battery-type-specific aging function enables a particularly reliable and accurate determination of the aging state of a battery.

[0018] The determination of the battery's aging state is preferably repeated multiple times and / or regularly. In particular, the aging state is re-determined after each measurement of the battery's charge level and / or temperature. Furthermore, the system preferably issues a notification about the determined aging state, for example, via a user interface or app of the system that is or can be connected to the battery. This notification allows a user of the battery to be informed about its aging state or to monitor the battery's aging state.

[0019] Based on the determined state of aging, a notification, preferably a recommendation, regarding the use and / or storage of the battery is issued, particularly via a user interface or app of the system. This allows a user to adjust or modify their battery usage in such a way as to extend the battery's lifespan and / or slow down its aging.

[0020] Alternatively or additionally, the system's charging behavior can be automatically adjusted based on the specific aging state, for example, by reducing the charging speed or power and / or the amount of charge. In particular, different battery aging states can be assigned a maximum state of charge, a minimum state of charge, and / or a maximum charging current. Preferably, the system's charging behavior is adjusted such that the maximum state of charge assigned to the battery's aging state is not exceeded, the minimum state of charge assigned to the aging state is not undershot, and / or the maximum charging current assigned to the aging state is not exceeded. This contributes to a longer battery lifespan and / or slower aging.

[0021] The measurement and storage of the charge level and / or temperature is preferably carried out at regular intervals. This enables continuous recording or regular updates as well as an accurate determination of the aging state.

[0022] The intervals at which the state of charge and / or temperature are measured are preferably adjusted depending on usage, the state of charge, and / or the temperature of the battery. This facilitates an accurate and / or reliable determination of the battery's aging state.

[0023] Preferably, as the state of charge decreases and / or when a lower limit for the state of charge is reached or fallen below, the intervals at which the state of charge and / or temperature are measured are increased. Alternatively or additionally, when a lower limit for the state of charge is reached or fallen below, the recording of the state of charge and / or temperature is stopped or interrupted. This reduces the power consumption of the measurement and thus prevents deep discharge of the battery or a predetermined minimum resting voltage of the battery from being reached or fallen below. This is particularly important for lithium-ion batteries, as they must not be recharged after reaching or falling below a predetermined minimum resting voltage, as this can lead to damage or destruction of the battery.

[0024] Preferably, the system automatically detects when a predefined temperature limit is reached, fallen below, or exceeded. Specifically, when a predefined temperature limit is reached, fallen below, or exceeded, the state of charge and / or temperature are measured and stored. This temperature-limit-dependent measurement and storage is performed in addition to the measurement and storage of the state of charge and / or temperature at regular intervals. It has been shown that extreme temperature values ​​have a particularly significant impact on the calendar aging of the battery, so the additional temperature-limit-dependent measurement and storage enables a particularly reliable determination of the calendar aging state.

[0025] The battery can have multiple cells, in which case the state of charge and / or temperature is preferably recorded separately for individual or all cells. This facilitates the most accurate possible determination of the aging state.

[0026] Preferably, at the times when the state of charge and / or temperature are measured, additional information on charging and / or discharging processes of the battery occurring during those times is recorded. This additional information allows for a more precise determination of the battery's aging. For example, a charging or discharging process affects the battery's temperature, so it is important to know whether the measured temperature corresponds to the battery's storage or ambient temperature or is caused by a charging or discharging process. The information therefore includes, in particular, the charging or discharging current of the charging or discharging process. Alternatively or additionally, the information includes the duration of the charging or discharging process, so that it can be estimated whether the measured state of charge corresponds to a storage state of charge or a storage state of charge.whether the measured temperature corresponds to a storage temperature or whether the state of charge and / or the temperature are caused by the respective charging or discharging process.

[0027] If it is determined that the battery is being charged or discharged during the measurement of the state of charge and / or temperature, this is preferably taken into account. In particular, the measurement can be repeated at a later time, preferably after the charging or discharging process has finished. Furthermore, it is possible to consider the fact that the battery was being charged or discharged during the measurement of the state of charge and / or temperature when determining the calendar aging state, for example, by weighting the measured values ​​with a lower weighting when determining the aging state or by not using the measurement for determining the aging state.

[0028] It is preferred that, in addition to the calendar aging state, a cyclic aging state of the battery is also determined. For this purpose, in particular, the discharge rate, depth of discharge, battery or cell temperature, recharge current, and / or recharge level are recorded. By additionally considering the cyclic aging of the battery, a more precise determination or specification of the battery's aging state can be achieved.

[0029] According to a further aspect, which can also be implemented independently, the present invention relates to a system with a battery, which is preferably a lithium-ion battery and is designed in particular for operating a household appliance.

[0030] The system is preferably designed to carry out the procedure described herein.

[0031] The system preferably comprises a battery-powered and data-connected or connectable device, in particular a household appliance, a communication device, in particular data-connected or connectable to the battery and / or device, and / or a database, in particular data-connected or connectable to the communication device, the device and / or the battery.

[0032] Preferably, the database contains an aging function for determining a calendar aging state of the battery, wherein the aging function assigns a calendar aging state to different storage charge states and / or storage temperatures of the battery after storage for one or more defined periods of time.

[0033] The system preferably includes a measuring device for measuring the state of charge and / or temperature of the battery, as well as a communication interface for transmitting measured values ​​measured with the measuring device.

[0034] In particular, the system achieves corresponding advantages of the process.

[0035] The aforementioned aspects, features and process steps of the present invention, as well as the aspects, features and process steps of the present invention resulting from the claims and the following description, can in principle be implemented independently of one another, but also in any combination or sequence.

[0036] Further aspects, advantages, features and properties of the present invention will become apparent from the claims and the following description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the figures. These show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a system according to the invention; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of the decrease in the capacity of a battery during storage; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of an increase in the internal resistance of a battery during storage; Fig. 4 a schematic representation of an aging function; and Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a procedure for determining the state of aging.

[0037] In the figures, the same reference symbols are used for identical, similar or comparable parts and components, whereby corresponding or comparable properties or advantages are achieved, even if a repeated description is omitted.

[0038] In Fig. 1A system 1 according to the invention is shown schematically. The system 1 includes a battery 2. Optionally, but preferably, the system 1 includes, in addition to the battery 2, a device 3, a communication device 4, a data processing unit 5 and / or a database 6.

[0039] The battery 2 is preferably a lithium-ion battery. Preferably, the battery 2 comprises several cells, in particular connected in parallel and / or in series. The nominal capacity or maximum capacity K of the battery 2 is preferably more than 1,000 mAh and / or less than 10,000 mAh. The open-circuit voltage of the battery 2 is preferably more than 5 V and / or less than 50 V. The weight of the battery 2 is preferably less than 3 kg.

[0040] Preferably, the battery 2 has a data storage device 2B. In particular, (battery-specific) data D can be stored or is stored in the data storage device 2B. This will be explained in more detail later.

[0041] The battery 2 preferably has a unique identification number SN, in particular a serial number. The identification number SN preferably enables the unique identification of the respective battery 2 and, in particular, the differentiation of the battery 2 from other batteries 2 of the same battery type AT. The identification number SN is preferably stored in the data memory 2B.

[0042] The battery 2 is preferably assigned to the device 3 and / or designed to operate the device 3. In particular, the battery 2 provides the energy required to operate the device 3.

[0043] Device 3 preferably includes battery 2. Battery 2 is preferably removable from device 3.

[0044] Device 3 is preferably a household appliance, in particular a battery-powered (floor) cleaning device, most preferably a robotic vacuum cleaner, vacuum cleaner, wet / dry vacuum cleaner, window cleaner, or the like. However, device 3 can, in principle, be any battery-powered device or household appliance.

[0045] The communication device 4 is preferably a mobile terminal, a mobile phone, in particular a smartphone, a laptop, a tablet computer, a PC or the like, in particular belonging to a user or owner of the device 3.

[0046] The data processing device 5 is preferably a cloud, a server, a data center or the like, in particular belonging to the manufacturer of the device 3. Preferably, the data processing device 5 includes the database 6.

[0047] The battery 2 is preferably connected or connectable to the device 3, the communication device 4, the data processing unit 5 and / or the database 6. For this purpose, the battery 2 preferably has a communication interface 2A. In particular, the battery 2 is designed for (data) communication with the device 3, the communication device 4, the data processing unit 5 and / or the database 6, especially by means of the communication interface 2A.

[0048] The device 3 is preferably connected or connectable to the battery 2, the communication device 4, the data processing unit 5 and / or the database 6. For this purpose, the device 3 preferably has a communication interface 3A. In particular, the device 3 is designed for (data) communication with the battery 2, the communication device 4, the data processing unit 5, and / or the database 6, especially by means of the communication interface 3A.

[0049] The communication device 4 is preferably connected or connectable to the battery 2, the device 3, the data processing unit 5 and / or the database 6. For this purpose, the communication device 4 preferably has a communication interface 4A. In particular, the communication device 4 is designed for (data) communication with the battery 2, the device 3, the data processing unit 5 and / or the database 6, especially by means of the communication interface 4A.

[0050] The communication device 4 preferably includes an app for operating and / or controlling the device 3. The communication device 4 or the app is preferably connectable to the device 3, in particular via the communication interfaces 3A, 4A of the device 3 and the communication device 4. Preferably, information about the device 3 and / or the battery 2 can be retrieved via the app and / or settings for the operation of the device 3 can be made or changed via the app.

[0051] The data processing unit 5 is preferably connected or connectable to the battery 2, the device 3, the communication device 4 and / or the database 6. For this purpose, the data processing unit 5 preferably has a communication interface 5A. In particular, the data processing unit 5 is designed for (data) communication with the battery 2, the device 3, the communication device 4 and / or the database 6, especially by means of the communication interface 5A.

[0052] The database 6 is preferably connected or connectable to the battery 2, the device 3, the communication device 4 and / or the data processing unit 5. For this purpose, the database 6 preferably has a communication interface 6A. In particular, the database 6 is designed for (data) communication with the battery 2, the device 3, the communication device 4 and / or the data processing unit 5, especially by means of the communication interface 6A.

[0053] The data connections or communication links between the battery 2, the device 3, the communication device 4, the data processing unit 5 and the database 6 or their communication interfaces 2A-6A are in Fig. 1 especially indicated by arrows.

[0054] It is preferred that battery 2 communicates only with device 3, device 3 communicates only with battery 2 and communication device 4, and communication device 4 communicates only with device 3 and data processing unit 5 or database 6. However, direct communication between all components of system 1 is fundamentally possible. For example, battery 2 can communicate not only with device 3, but alternatively or additionally directly with communication device 4 and / or data processing unit 5 or database 6.

[0055] Preferably, the (data) communication between the battery 2, device 3, communication device 4, data processing unit 5 and / or database 6 (each) takes place wirelessly, for example via NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, radio, the mobile network and / or the Internet.

[0056] System 1 preferably has a user interface 7. In particular, the battery 2, the device 3 and / or the communication device 4 (each) have a user interface 7, which in this case together form the user interface 7 of System 1.

[0057] User interface 7 is, in particular, a device through which settings for battery 2 and / or device 3 can be made, controlled, or operated, and / or information about battery 2 and / or device 3 can be retrieved, especially by a user of battery 2 or device 3. Specifically, user interface 7 includes an app that is linked to or can be linked to battery 2 or device 3.

[0058] It is therefore particularly preferred that the communication device 4, especially a smartphone or the like, has an app through which settings for the battery 2 and / or device 3 can be configured and information about the battery 2 and / or device 3 can be retrieved. In addition to the app, the user interface 7 can of course include further features on the battery 2 and / or device 3, in particular input devices such as keys or buttons, and output devices such as displays and / or speakers.

[0059] System 1 is configured to perform the procedure described herein for operating System 1. Therefore, whenever a procedure step is described below, System 1, or the component of System 1 that performs the procedure step, is configured to perform the procedure step, even if this is not explicitly stated.

[0060] The method according to the invention is preferably a computer-implemented method.

[0061] System 1 is preferably a data processing system comprising means for executing the method described herein. Preferably, System 1 comprises one or more processors configured to execute the method.

[0062] Furthermore, the present invention preferably relates to a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause it to execute the method described herein.

[0063] Finally, the present invention also relates to a computer-readable storage medium comprising the computer program product and / or instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause it to execute the method described herein.

[0064] In the method according to the invention, the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T of the battery 2 are recorded by automatically measuring and storing the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T at several points in time. The times at which the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T are measured and stored are preferably also recorded or captured and stored. This can be done, for example, by assigning a timestamp to each of the measured and stored states of charge SC and / or temperatures T.

[0065] A "recording" of the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T of battery 2 is therefore in particular an automatic measurement and storage of the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T at several times, especially at regular intervals.

[0066] Preferably, the system 1 or the battery 2 includes a timer, in particular a clock or a real-time clock (RTC). In particular, the timer can be used to record the times of measurement of the state of charge SC and / or temperature T. Furthermore, the timer or the real-time clock preferably enables equidistant and / or time-stamped recording.

[0067] Using the stored charge states SC and / or temperatures T, a calendar aging state SH (State of Health, or SOH) of battery 2 is automatically determined, in particular by system 1. Specifically, the aging state SH quantifies the calendar aging of battery 2 and represents it as a value or number.

[0068] The measured charge states SC and / or temperatures T are preferably stored in the data memory 2B of the battery 2. Alternatively or additionally, the measured charge states SC and / or temperatures T can also be stored in the device 3, the communication device 4 and / or the data processing unit 5 or database 6.

[0069] Preferably, the system 1, in particular the battery 2 and / or the device 3, has a measuring device 8 for measuring the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T of the battery 2.

[0070] Furthermore, system 1, in particular battery 2 and / or device 3, preferably includes a controller 11 for controlling the measuring device 8 and / or for controlling the recording or measurement and storage of the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T. In particular, system 1 or battery 2 and / or device 3 is configured by means of the controller 11 to record the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T of battery 2.

[0071] The measuring device 8 includes, in particular, one or more temperature sensors 9 or thermometers for measuring the temperature T of the battery 2. Alternatively or additionally, the measuring device 8 preferably includes one or more voltmeters 10 for measuring the voltage, in particular the open-circuit voltage, of the battery 2 and / or individual cells of the battery 2.

[0072] The state of charge SC is, in particular, a measure of the amount of charge that can still be extracted from battery 2 (at a specific time).

[0073] The state of charge SC can be measured, for example, by measuring the open-circuit voltage of battery 2 or similar methods. In particular, the open-circuit voltage of battery 2 is measured using voltmeter 10.

[0074] The state of charge (SC) is preferably expressed or represented as the ratio between the amount of charge that can be extracted from battery 2 (at a given time) and the maximum amount of charge that can be extracted from battery 2, and is particularly specified in %.

[0075] The maximum amount of charge that can be extracted from battery 2 is the amount of charge that can be extracted from battery 2 when it is fully charged.

[0076] Thus, the state of charge SC of a fully charged battery 2 is SC = 100%. Accordingly, a state of charge SC of SC = 60% means that the amount of charge that can be drawn from battery 2 is 60% of the amount of charge that could be drawn from battery 2 if it were fully charged.

[0077] Alternatively or additionally, the state of charge SC can also be expressed or represented by the open-circuit voltage of battery 2. In particular, the open-circuit voltage is equivalent to the ratio between the amount of charge that can be drawn from battery 2 (at a specific time) and the maximum amount of charge that can be drawn from battery 2, or the open-circuit voltage can be converted into this ratio.

[0078] The open-circuit voltage of battery 2, also known as the no-load voltage, is specifically the voltage at one output side of battery 2 when no load is connected to battery 2 or when no (external) load, in particular device 3, is being operated with battery 2. Specifically, the open-circuit voltage of battery 2 is the voltage at the output side of battery 2 when battery 2 is deactivated.

[0079] Battery 2 is deactivated in particular when battery 2 or device 3 is switched off or in standby mode and / or when battery 2 is removed from device 3.

[0080] Preferably, the charge level SC is determined or measured, especially automatically, when or before the battery 2 and / or the device 3 are deactivated.

[0081] The state of charge SC is measured in particular by measuring the open-circuit voltage of battery 2. However, it is also possible that the current state of charge SC of battery 2 is continuously, regularly and / or constantly measured or monitored and / or automatically stored, in particular in the data memory 2B of battery 2, so that a measurement or determination of the state of charge SC is simply carried out by retrieving the stored state of charge SC.

[0082] A measure of the calendar aging state SH is preferably determined by a decrease in the capacity K of the battery 2 compared to a nominal capacity and / or an increase in the internal resistance R of the battery 2 compared to a nominal resistance.

[0083] The capacity K of battery 2 is preferably the maximum amount of charge that can be extracted from battery 2, i.e., the amount of charge that can be extracted from battery 2 when it is fully charged. The capacity K of battery 2 preferably decreases with the progressive aging of battery 2.

[0084] In particular, the (current) capacity of battery 2 may therefore differ from the nominal capacity of battery 2. The nominal capacity of battery 2 is, in particular, the capacity of battery 2 without losses due to aging.

[0085] If the capacity K of battery 2 has decreased due to aging, less charge can be drawn from battery 2 fully charged to capacity K than would be possible from battery 2 fully charged to its nominal capacity. For example, if the capacity is 80% of the nominal capacity, then even when fully charged, battery 2 can only draw a maximum of 80% of the charge that would be possible from battery 2 fully charged to its nominal capacity.

[0086] The Fig. 2 shows a diagram in which the (measured) capacity K of battery 2 after storage for a specific storage period LZ at a specific storage temperature LT is plotted against the storage charge state LC of the respective battery 2.

[0087] The capacity K is in Fig. 2The capacity K of battery 2 is normalized to the capacity K before or at the start of storage, such that a value of K = 1 means that the capacity K at the end of storage is equal to the capacity K at the start of storage, while a value of K < 1 means that the capacity K of battery 2 has decreased during storage. For example, with K = 0.8, the capacity K after storage is only 80% of the capacity K at the start of storage.

[0088] In the legend of Fig. 2 The storage temperature LT (in the example illustration 25°C, 40°C and 50°C) at which battery 2 was stored is specified.

[0089] For the curves labeled LZ = 10M in the legend, battery 2 was stored for ten months, so the respective value Q represents the (relative) capacity K of battery 2 after ten months of storage. For the curve labeled LZ = 5M in the legend, battery 2 was stored for five months (at a storage temperature LT of 25°C), so the respective value Q represents the (relative) capacity K of battery 2 after five months of storage.

[0090] Out of Fig. 2 It is evident that the capacity K of a battery 2 decreases during storage. The decrease in capacity is greater the higher the storage state of charge LC and the higher the storage temperature LT.

[0091] The Fig. 3 shows a diagram in which the (measured) internal resistance R of battery 2 after storage for a specific storage period LZ at a specific storage temperature LT is plotted against the storage charge state LC of the respective battery 2.

[0092] The internal resistance R is in Fig. 2 The value is normalized to the internal resistance R of battery 2 before or at the start of storage, such that a value of R = 1 means that the capacity K at the end of storage is equal to the internal resistance R at the start of storage, while a value of R > 1 means that the internal resistance R of battery 2 has increased due to or during storage. For example, with R = 1.6, the internal resistance R is 1.6 times, or 160%, of the internal resistance R at the start of storage.

[0093] In the legend of Fig. 3 The storage temperature LT (in the example illustration 25°C, 40°C and 50°C) at which battery 2 was stored is specified.

[0094] For the curves labeled LZ=10M in the legend, battery 2 was stored for ten months, so the respective value R represents the (relative) internal resistance R of battery 2 after ten months of storage. For the curve labeled LZ=5M in the legend, battery 2 was stored for five months (at a storage temperature LT of 25°C), so the respective value R represents the (relative) internal resistance R of battery 2 after five months of storage.

[0095] Out of Fig. 3 It is evident that the internal resistance R of a battery 2 decreases during storage. The increase in internal resistance is greater the higher the storage state of charge LC and the higher the storage temperature LT.

[0096] The representations in Figs. 2 and 3These curves are purely exemplary for a specific AT battery type and are intended to illustrate the decrease in capacity or increase in internal resistance during or due to storage. Different curves may apply to other AT battery types.

[0097] Out of Figs. 2 and 3 It can be deduced that a battery 2 ages faster the higher its storage temperature LT is and the higher its storage charge level LC is, since with increasing storage temperature LT and increasing storage charge level LC the capacity K decreases faster and / or the internal resistance R increases faster.

[0098] A "storage charge state" within the meaning of the present invention is in particular a charge state SC during or at the beginning of storage of the battery 2. It is possible that the charge state SC of the battery 2 decreases during storage, for example due to self-discharge of the battery 2.

[0099] A "storage temperature" within the meaning of the present invention is in particular a temperature T of the battery 2 or its environment during or at the beginning of storage of the battery 2.

[0100] Battery 2 is considered to be in "storage" in a state where it is not in use and / or the device 3 is not powered by it. When battery 2 is in storage, it may be inserted into or removed from the device 3. Specifically, battery 2 is considered to be in storage when the device 3 is not powered by it and / or when battery 2 or the device 3 is deactivated, particularly when it is switched off or in standby mode.

[0101] A "self-discharge" of system 1 is in particular a discharge of system 1 or battery 2 that occurs when battery 2 is stored and / or without the device 3 being operated with battery 2 and / or when device 3 and / or battery 2 are deactivated, in particular switched off or in standby mode.

[0102] Preferably, an aging function FH is used to determine the calendar aging state SH.

[0103] The aging function FH is determined empirically. Preferably, the aging function FH is battery-type specific. Preferably, the aging functions FH of different battery types AT differ.

[0104] The battery type AT specifically includes the cell type of battery 2, i.e., information about the type and / or number of cells that battery 2 has. Different batteries 2 or cells can differ, for example, in their capacity K, open-circuit voltage, connection (e.g., parallel or series connection), and / or cell chemistry or cell type (e.g., lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), or lithium cobalt(III) oxide (LCO)).

[0105] The aging function FH assigns a calendar aging state SH to different storage charge states LC and / or storage temperatures LT of a battery type AT after storage for one or more defined periods.

[0106] The defined period(s) are hereinafter also referred to as storage period LZ or storage periods LZ.

[0107] The aging function FH is, in particular, a discrete function, i.e., a function in which a (calendar) aging state SH is assigned to each discrete or countably many storage charge states LC and / or storage temperatures LT. The aging function FH is preferably presented in the form of a table or lookup table. However, other solutions are also possible, for example, that the aging function FH is presented as a diagram, a function equation, or another assignment rule.

[0108] The Fig. 4 This shows an example of an aging function FH in tabular form. According to Fig. 4 Each combination of values ​​for storage charge state (LC), storage temperature (LT), and storage time (LZ) is assigned a corresponding aging state (SH). For example, the combination of storage charge state LC1, storage temperature LT1, and storage charge period LZ1 is assigned the aging state SH1, and so on.

[0109] When using the aging function FH to determine the aging state SH, a direct measurement of the aging state SH of the battery 2 can be dispensed with. According to the invention, the aging state SH of the battery 2 is determined indirectly, instead of by direct measurement, by recording the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T of the battery 2 and then determining the aging state SH using an aging function FH based on the recorded state of charge SC and / or temperatures T, in particular averaged values ​​of the recorded state of charge SC and / or temperature T.

[0110] To determine the aging function FH, measurement series are carried out in particular in which several batteries 2 of battery type AT are stored with different storage charge states LC and / or at different storage temperatures LT. The storage is carried out in particular for one or more storage periods LZ.

[0111] It is therefore preferred that, to determine the aging function FH of a specific battery type AT, several (identical) batteries 2 of battery type AT are stored. Some batteries 2 are stored with different storage charge states LC, but at the same storage temperature LT. Furthermore, several batteries 2 are stored at the same storage temperature LT, but with different storage charge states LC. This is preferably done for at least one defined storage period LZ, for example, several days, weeks, or months. However, it is also possible that the storage takes place for several defined storage periods LZ or that the aging state LC is measured at several points in time during a storage period LZ.

[0112] The measurement of the aging state SH is carried out in particular by measuring the internal resistance R and / or the capacity K of battery 2. The decrease in capacity K compared to a nominal capacity and / or the increase in internal resistance R compared to a nominal resistance then serve as a measure of the calendar aging state SH of battery 2.

[0113] Based on the measurement series, it can be determined how much a battery 2 (of a specific battery type AT) ages in a certain time when it is stored at a specific storage temperature LT and / or with a specific storage charge level LC.

[0114] Subsequently, the aging function FH is created based on the measurement series or the measured state of aging SH. The aging function FH thus indicates, in particular, how the calendar state of aging SH of a battery 2 or of a specific battery type AT changes when it is stored at a specific storage temperature LT, with a specific storage condition LC, and for a specific storage period LZ.

[0115] Preferably, measurement series are carried out for different battery types AT to determine the aging function FH for the respective battery type AT.

[0116] The determined aging function FH(s) are preferably stored (electronically), in particular in database 6. Preferably, database 6 contains several aging functions FH, each assigned to or specific to a battery type AT. In particular, aging functions FH for various battery types AT are stored in database 6. However, it is also possible to store the aging function(s) FH in the battery 2, in particular its data storage 2B, the device 3, and / or the communication device 4.

[0117] Battery 2 is preferably assigned information about the battery type AT. Using this information, the aging function FH corresponding to battery type AT is preferably selected when determining the calendar aging state FH of battery 2.

[0118] The basic procedure for determining the calendar aging state SH is particularly relevant in Fig. 5In schematic representation or summary: First, several batteries 2 of the same battery type AT are stored at different storage temperatures T1, T2, T3, ... and / or different storage charge states LC1, LC2, LC3, ... for a storage period LZ. At the end of the storage period LZ, the internal resistance R and / or the capacity K of each battery 2 are measured, or the aging state SH of each battery 2 is determined. Based on this information, the aging function FH is created, which assigns a (calendar) aging state SH to each storage state LC, storage temperature LT, and / or storage period LZ. During operation of system 1, battery 2, or device 3, the temperature T and / or the charge state SC of battery 2 are recorded. Using the recorded, especially averaged, temperatures T and / or charge states SC, the current aging state SH of battery 2 is then determined with the aid of the aging function FH.

[0119] Individual steps in determining the calendar aging state SH are preferably carried out on different components of the system 1, as explained in more detail below: First, the aging function FH is determined based on measurement series - in particular separately from the use or operation of the system 1, battery 2 and / or device 3 as described above.

[0120] During operation of system 1, battery 2, or device 3, the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T of battery 2 are preferably recorded, in particular by measuring and storing the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T at regular intervals. Preferably, the state of charge SC and / or temperature T is stored in data storage device 2B. Alternatively or additionally, the state of charge SC and / or temperature T can also be stored in device 3, communication device 4, and / or database 6.

[0121] It may be possible to delete (older or more distant) stored charge states SC and / or temperatures T from the data storage 2B and / or to delete individual stored charge states SC and / or temperatures T if they are identical or very similar to previously or subsequently measured charge states SC or temperatures T and / or if they have been transferred from the battery 2 to the device 3, the communication device 4 and / or the data processing unit 5 or database 6.

[0122] The battery 2 preferably has battery-specific data D. Battery-specific data D are, in particular, those data D that distinguish the battery 2 from other structurally identical batteries 2 or other batteries of the same battery type AT. The data D are preferably stored in the battery 2 or data storage device 2B, but can alternatively or additionally also be stored in the device 3, the communication device 4 and / or the database 6.

[0123] The state of charge SC, the temperature T, the unique identification number SN and / or the battery type AT represent, in particular, battery-specific data D.

[0124] After measuring and storing the state of charge SC and / or temperature T, the data D, in particular the measured and stored values ​​of the state of charge SC and / or temperature T and preferably the identification number SN and / or the battery type AT, are preferably transmitted, in particular from the battery 2 to the device 3, the communication device 4 and / or the data processing unit 5 or database 6. This is done in particular by means of the respective communication interfaces 2A-6A.

[0125] Preferably, the device 3 transmits the data D received by the battery 2 to the communication device 4. The communication device 4 preferably transmits the data D to the data processing unit 5 or database 6. The transmission of data is particularly important in Fig. 1 symbolized by corresponding arrows.

[0126] The determination of the aging state SH is preferably carried out using the data processing unit 5. For this purpose, the data processing unit 5 preferably selects the aging function FH corresponding to or associated with the battery 2 based on the identification number SN and / or the battery type AT. Preferably, the (calendar) aging state SH is then determined based on the recorded charge states SC and / or temperatures T and the selected aging function FH. In particular, the periods for which the battery 2 was stored at a specific temperature T and / or with a specific charge state SC are taken into account.

[0127] Preferably, based on the recorded charge states SC and / or temperatures T, one or more storage charge states LC and / or one or more storage temperatures LT of battery 2 are first determined. For example, a storage charge state LC or a storage temperature LT can be calculated as a mean or average value of recorded charge states SC or temperatures T. In particular, it is possible to weight individual measured charge states SC or temperatures T differently when calculating the mean or average value. This allows, for example, different time intervals between measurements, particularly high or low charge states SC or temperatures T, and / or charging or discharging processes that occurred at the time of a charge state SC or temperature T measurement to be taken into account.

[0128] Based on the determined storage charge states LC and / or storage temperatures LT, the (calendar) aging state SH is then determined using the selected aging function FH. This is done in particular by selecting or determining as the aging state SH that is assigned in the aging function FH to the determined storage charge state LC and / or the determined storage temperature LT.

[0129] It may also be possible to determine, starting from a last determined or stored aging state SH, only the additional aging or change in the aging state SH that has occurred after the last determined or stored aging state SH.

[0130] The specified aging state SH is preferably stored in the data processing unit 5 or database 6.

[0131] Furthermore, it is preferred that the specified aging state SH is transmitted alternatively or additionally to the communication device 4, the device 3 and / or the battery 2 and stored there. The transmission preferably takes place via the communication interfaces 2A-6A.

[0132] However, other solutions are also possible in principle. In particular, the aging function(s) FH, which in the described particularly preferred embodiment is / are stored in the database 6, can also be stored on the battery 2, the device 3 and / or the communication device 4.

[0133] It is also possible that the determination of the aging state SH is not carried out, or not completely carried out, by means of the data processing unit 5, but alternatively or additionally by means of the battery 2, the device 3 and / or the communication device 4. Individual steps of the determination of the aging state SH can also be carried out on different components of the system 1.

[0134] As previously explained, the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T are preferably measured and stored at regular intervals. For example, the measurement and storage of the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T can take place at intervals of one or more days, one or more weeks, or one or more months.

[0135] Preferably, the intervals at which the state of charge SC and / or temperature T are measured are adjusted. This adjustment is made particularly depending on the use of battery 2 and / or on the measured states of charge SC and / or temperatures T of battery 2. Preferably, this adjustment is made automatically and / or by means of the controller 11.

[0136] For example, it is preferred that the intervals be chosen to be shorter the higher the state of charge SC of battery 2 and / or the higher the temperature T of battery 2. This is because it has been shown that at higher states of charge SC and / or storage charge LC and at higher temperatures T or storage temperatures LT of battery 2, the aging of battery 2 is more pronounced, which is particularly evident in Figs. 2 and 3This is illustrated by example. A corresponding adjustment of the intervals at which the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T are measured is therefore conducive to improved accuracy in determining the calendar aging state SH.

[0137] According to a preferred embodiment, the intervals between measurements are short, or several measurements of temperature T and / or state of charge SC are performed over a short period, for example, one or two days. For example, the measurements can be performed at intervals of several hours, in particular at least or more than two hours and / or at most or less than twelve hours, especially preferably about six hours, and / or at least two and / or at most six, particularly preferably about four, measurements can be performed within the period. If the values ​​measured during these measurements within the short period differ only slightly, or if the deviation of the values ​​is below a predefined limit, the measurements are preferably suspended for a longer period, for example, several days, in particular about five days.The process is then preferably repeated, i.e., measurements are again carried out at short intervals over a short period, and afterwards, if there are only minor deviations, no measurements are carried out for a longer period.

[0138] Preferably, the time of measurement is recorded or stored when measuring temperature T and / or charge level SC. In particular, this is done using a timer.

[0139] With heavy or frequent use, especially with numerous charge and discharge cycles of battery 2, high depths of discharge, and / or high charge and / or discharge currents, the cyclic aging of battery 2 increases more significantly, so that calendar aging is less of a factor in relation to the overall aging. This can be taken into account, for example, by increasing the intervals between measurements of the state of charge (SC) and / or temperature (T).

[0140] Furthermore, it can be advantageous to increase the intervals between measurements and recordings of the state of charge SC and / or temperature T as the state of charge decreases. This is done automatically and / or by means of the controller 11. When a lower limit for the state of charge SC is reached or fallen below, the time intervals for measuring the state of charge SC and / or temperature T are preferably increased, or the recording of the state of charge SC and / or temperature T is preferably stopped or interrupted. Since recording the state of charge SC and / or temperature T causes a (slight) discharge of the battery 2, this measure can prevent further discharge of the battery 2 and thus prevent deep discharge of the battery 2, and consequently damage or destruction of the battery 2.

[0141] Preferably, even after such an adjustment, the state of charge SC and / or temperature T are measured and stored at regular intervals. It is therefore preferred that the state of charge SC and / or temperature T are measured at regular intervals, with the intervals being chosen to be larger or smaller depending on the use of battery 2 and the measured states of charge SC and / or temperatures T of battery 2.

[0142] Preferably, the system automatically detects when the temperature T reaches, falls below, or exceeds a predefined temperature limit. The occurrence of reaching, falling below, or exceeding the temperature limit is preferably recorded or logged. In particular, the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T are measured and stored when a predefined temperature limit is reached, fallen below, or exceeded, especially in addition to the recording or measurement and storage of the state of charge SC and / or temperature T at regular intervals. This allows critical events, especially critical thermal events, to be detected that lead to particularly rapid calendar aging of the battery 2. The accuracy in determining the calendar aging state SH can thus be improved.

[0143] Furthermore, it is possible to issue a notification when such a critical event is detected. This allows the user to be informed. In particular, the notification can contain a recommendation or instruction, for example, that battery 2 should be stored at a higher or lower temperature T, or that extreme temperatures, especially temperatures above or below a predefined temperature limit, should be avoided during storage.

[0144] To detect when a temperature limit is reached, exceeded, or fallen below, the system 1, in particular the battery 2 and / or the device 3, may include a circuit, in particular a comparator circuit, which detects the corresponding event and then initiates a measurement and storage of the state of charge SC and / or temperature T. The circuit may in particular include or be coupled to the temperature sensor(s) 9.

[0145] Preferably, the circuit or comparator circuit triggers when the predefined temperature limit is reached, fallen below, or exceeded, thus waking up a microcontroller to measure and store the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T. In particular, the circuit or comparator circuit is part of a protective electronics or battery management system designed to block charging of battery 2 when a minimum resting voltage of battery 2 is reached or falls below a certain level.

[0146] The determination of the aging state SH is preferably repeated several times and / or regularly. In particular, the determination of the aging state SH is carried out after each measurement of the charge state SC and / or the temperature T.

[0147] The specified aging state SH is preferably stored, in particular in the database 6. However, it is also possible to store the specified aging state SH alternatively or additionally in the battery 2, in particular its data storage 2B, the device 3 and / or the communication device 4.

[0148] After each determination of the aging state SH, a message regarding the determined aging state SH is preferably issued. In particular, the message is issued automatically and / or via the system 1, most preferably via the user interface 7 of the system 1. It is especially preferred that the message be issued by a push notification, a display, an acoustic and / or vibratory signal, and / or other communication in an app of the communication device 4, and / or by visual, acoustic, and / or vibratory output via the device 3 and / or battery 2.

[0149] Preferably, the manufacturer of battery 2 or device 3 is also informed about the specific aging state SH.

[0150] Preferably, based on the specific aging state SH, a message, in particular a recommendation, regarding the use and / or storage of the battery 2 is issued. This is done in particular via the user interface 7 or the app of the communication device 4.

[0151] For example, if it is found that battery 2 is aging excessively and / or that battery 2 is (frequently) stored at high temperatures T and / or high charge levels SC, the user may be advised to store battery 2 at low temperatures T and / or with a lower charge level SC, in particular to slow down the aging process or to extend the lifespan of battery 2.

[0152] It can also be provided that, preferably by means of the control unit 11, the charging behavior of the system 1 or battery 2 is automatically adjusted on the basis of the determined aging state SH, in particular in combination with a usage log in which the use of the battery 2 or device 3 is recorded.

[0153] For example, the usage log can record when battery 2 or device 3 is / was used and / or how much battery 2 was discharged during use. In particular, it can be stipulated that battery 2 or device 3 is not charged immediately after use, so that battery 2 is stored after use with a lower charge level (SC), for example, 50%, which does not accelerate the aging process. Alternatively or additionally, it can be stipulated that battery 2 is not recharged immediately after use or is only charged to a certain charge level (SC), for example, 70% or 80%, so that battery 2 is not stored with a charge level of 100% (SC).

[0154] Furthermore, it may be planned to recharge battery 2 only shortly before a planned or expected reuse of battery 2 or device 3.

[0155] Alternatively or additionally, the charging behavior of system 1 or battery 2 can be automatically adapted to the specific aging state SH. In particular, specific values ​​of the aging state SH can be assigned a maximum and / or minimum state of charge and / or a maximum charging current. Specifically, the charging behavior is adjusted so that the maximum charging current is not exceeded, the minimum charging current is not undershot, and / or battery 2 is only charged with the specified maximum charging current.

[0156] The specified maximum state of charge and / or maximum charging current are preferably lower the older the battery 2 is or the more advanced the aging state SH of the battery 2 is.

[0157] As already explained, the battery 2 preferably has several cells. In this case, the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T are preferably recorded separately for individual, and in particular all, of the cells. In this way, the accuracy of the aging state SH can be improved, or the aging state SH can be determined separately for individual cells or groups of cells. It is fundamentally possible that individual cells of the battery 2 age at different rates.

[0158] Preferably, the state of aging SH is determined for individual cells and / or the state of aging SH of the entire battery 2 is determined based on the aging or state of aging SH of the individual cells of the battery 2. The state of aging SH of the battery 2 can be a mean or average value of the states of aging SH of individual cells. However, it is also possible to choose the highest state of aging SH of the individual cells of the battery 2 as the state of aging SH of the battery 2.

[0159] Preferably, in addition to the calendar aging state SH, a cyclic aging state SH of battery 2 is also determined. In other words, the cyclic aging of battery 2 can be taken into account in addition to the calendar aging.

[0160] To determine cyclic aging, appropriate parameters, in particular a discharge rate, depth of discharge, battery temperature and / or cell temperature, recharge current and / or recharge level, are preferably recorded. In particular, based on these parameters and with the aid of an aging function FH, which describes the cyclic aging of battery 2 as a function of the parameters, the cyclic aging state SH of battery 2 can be determined.

[0161] The cyclic aging function FH is particularly battery-specific and / or is determined empirically. Particularly preferred for determining the cyclic aging function FH, similar to the determination of the aging function FH for describing the calendar aging of battery 2, are measurement series in which the aforementioned parameters are varied and the respective cyclic aging is determined as a function of these parameters, and the cyclic aging function is created accordingly.

[0162] Preferably, at the times when the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T are measured and stored, additional information on charging and / or discharging processes of battery 2 that take place during the respective time is recorded. In particular, the corresponding charging or discharging current is recorded.

[0163] The information therefore includes, in particular, the charging current and / or the discharging current. Alternatively or additionally, the duration of the charging or discharging process at the time of measurement can also be recorded. Preferably, the duration of the charging or discharging process up to the point of measurement of the state of charge (SC) and / or temperature (T) can be recorded.

[0164] This information allows, in particular, an assessment of whether the measured state of charge and / or temperature T corresponds to the state of charge SC and / or temperature T at which battery 2 is stored or was stored before the measurement, or whether the state of charge and / or temperature T were significantly determined or changed by the respective charging or discharging process. For example, battery 2 is typically heated by charging and / or discharging, so that the temperature measured during a charging or discharging process is usually increased by the charging or discharging process and does not correspond to the temperature at which battery 2 was stored prior to the charging or discharging process.

[0165] If, during the measurement of the state of charge SC and / or temperature T, battery 2 is being charged or discharged, or if this is detected, the recording of the state of charge SC and / or temperature T, or the determination of the state of aging SH, will preferably be adjusted. For example, it may be possible to ignore the measurement and / or repeat it at a later time. It may also be possible to consider the measurement only with a specific weighting factor or the like when determining the state of aging SH.

[0166] Furthermore, it may also be possible to monitor the open-circuit voltage of individual cells of battery 2 or to measure and store the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T at the time of measurement and storage. The measured open-circuit voltage is preferably compared with previously measured open-circuit voltages. If the open-circuit voltage of a cell drops particularly sharply, this may indicate a fault in battery 2 or the cell. In this case, a corresponding message can be issued, particularly via the user interface 7 or the app of the communication device 4.

[0167] Preferably, information about the first use of battery 2 by a customer or user of battery 2 or device 3 is stored in system 1, in particular in battery 2. For example, a specific discharge current and / or depth of discharge, typical for the (first) operation of device 3 with battery 2, can be considered an indicator of first use by the customer or user. Alternatively or additionally, the (first) pairing or establishment of a data connection between battery 2 and device 3 and / or communication device 4 can also be considered an indicator of first use of battery 2. In this way, it is possible to divide the calendar aging of battery 2 into storage of battery 2 before commissioning or use by the customer or user and calendar aging after this commissioning.

[0168] Preferably, the described measurement and storage of the state of charge SC and / or the temperature T, or determination of the calendar aging state, is carried out before initial commissioning by the user. This allows verification that the battery 2 was stored correctly before delivery to the customer or user, for example, at the correct or prescribed storage temperature LT and / or with the correct or prescribed storage state of charge LC.

[0169] Individual aspects, features and process steps of the present invention can be implemented independently of one another, but also in any combination or sequence. Reference symbol list:

[0170] 1 System 2 Battery 2 Communication interface 2 Data storage 3 Device 3 Communication interface 4 Communication device 4 Communication interface 5 Data processing device 5 Communication interface 6 Database 6 Communication interface 7 User interface 8 Measuring device 9 Temperature sensor 10 Voltage meter 11 Control AT Battery type D Data F Storage function K Capacity LC Storage charge level LT Storage temperature LZ Storage period R Internal resistance SC Charging level SH Storage status SN Identification number T Temperature

Claims

1. Method for operating a system (1) having a rechargeable battery (2), in particular a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, wherein a state of charge (SC) and / or a temperature (T) of the rechargeable battery (2) are recorded by automatically measuring and storing the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) at a plurality of times, and wherein a calendar-aging state of health (SH) of the rechargeable battery (2) is automatically determined by means of the stored states of charge (SC) and / or temperatures (T), characterized in that, in the determination of the calendar-aging state of health (SH), an in particular empirically determined and / or rechargeable-battery-type-specific aging function (FH) is used, wherein the aging function (FH) assigns to different storage states of charge (LC) and / or storage temperatures (LT) of a rechargeable battery type (AT) in each case a calendar-aging state of health (SH) after storage for one or more defined periods of time, and in that, in order to determine the aging function (FH), measurement series are carried out, wherein, in the measurement series, a plurality of rechargeable batteries (2) of the rechargeable battery type (AT) are stored for the defined period of time or the defined periods of time with different storage states of charge (LC) and / or at different storage temperatures (LT), wherein the respective calendar-aging state of health (SH) is measured at the end of the defined period of time or the defined periods of time.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a decrease in a capacitance (K) of the rechargeable battery (2) in relation to a rated capacity and / or an increase in an internal resistance (R) of the rechargeable battery (2) in relation to a rated resistance is / are determined as a measure of the calendar-aging state of health (SH) of the rechargeable battery (2).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of aging functions (FH) for different rechargeable battery types (AT) are stored in a database (6), wherein information about the rechargeable battery type (AT) is assigned to the rechargeable battery (2), and wherein, by means of the information, the aging function (FH) corresponding to the rechargeable battery type (AT) is selected in order to determine the calendar-aging state of health (SH) of the rechargeable battery (2).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the determination of the state of health (SH) is repeated multiple times and / or regularly, in particular after each measurement of the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) of the rechargeable battery (2), preferably wherein the system (1) outputs a notification about the determined state of health (SH).

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, on the basis of the determined state of health (SH), a notification, in particular a recommendation, for use and / or storage of the rechargeable battery (2) is output and / or a charging behavior of the system (1) is automatically adapted, in particular in such a way that a maximum state of charge (SC) of the rechargeable battery (2) assigned to the state of health (SH) is not exceeded, a minimum state of charge (SC) of the rechargeable battery (2) assigned to the state of health (SH) is not undershot and / or a maximum charging current assigned to the state of health (SH) is not exceeded.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring and storing of the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) takes place at regular intervals and / or in that the intervals of the times at which the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) are measured are adapted depending on a use, the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) of the rechargeable battery (2).

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, as the state of charge (SC) falls and / or when a lower limit value of the state of charge (SC) is reached or undershot, the time intervals at which the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) are measured are increased and / or in that, when a lower limit value of the state of charge (SC) is reached or undershot, the recording of the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) is ended or interrupted.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) are measured and stored when a predefined temperature limit value is reached, undershot or exceeded, in particular in addition to the measuring and storing of the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) at regular intervals.

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rechargeable battery (2) has a plurality of cells, wherein the recording of the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) takes place separately for individual or all of the cells.

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at the times at which the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) are measured, information about charging processes and / or discharging processes of the rechargeable battery (2) which take place during the respective time is additionally recorded, preferably wherein the information comprises a charging current strength, a discharging current strength and / or a duration of the charging process or discharging process.

11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that, if it is determined that the rechargeable battery (2) is charged or discharged during the measurement of the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T), the measurement is repeated at a later time, in particular after completion of the charging or discharging process, and / or it is taken into account in the determination of the calendar-aging state of health (SH) that the rechargeable battery (2) was charged or discharged during the measurement.

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in addition to the calendar-aging state of health (SH) of the rechargeable battery (2), a cyclic state of health (SH) of the rechargeable battery (2) is determined, preferably wherein, in order to determine the cyclic state of health (SH), a discharge rate, discharge depth, cell temperature, recharging current strength and / or recharging level is / are recorded.

13. System (1) having a rechargeable battery (2), preferably a lithium-ion rechargeable battery, in particular wherein the rechargeable battery (2) is designed for operating a domestic appliance, preferably wherein the system (1) has, in addition to the rechargeable battery (2), a device (3), in particular a domestic appliance, which is operable with the rechargeable battery (2) and is or can be connected with the rechargeable battery (2) in terms of data technology, a communication device (4), in particular a communication device (4) which is or can be connected with the rechargeable battery (2) and / or the device (3) in terms of data technology, and / or a database (6), in particular a database (6) which is or can be connected with the communication device (4), the device (3) and / or the rechargeable battery (2) in terms of data technology, characterized in that the system (1) is designed for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims.

14. System according to claim 13, characterized in that the database (6) contains an aging function (FH) for determining a calendar-aging state of health (SH) of the rechargeable battery (2), wherein the aging function (FH) assigns to different storage states of charge (LC) and / or storage temperatures (LT) of the rechargeable battery (2) in each case a calendar-aging state of health (SH) after storage for one or more defined periods of time, wherein the system (1) has a measuring device (8) for measuring the state of charge (SC) and / or the temperature (T) of the rechargeable battery (2) and a communication interface (2A-6A) for transmitting measured values measured with the measuring device (8).