MEASURING METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AT LEAST ONE PHYSICAL PARAMETER FOR A BICYCLE

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The invention relates to a method for measuring at least one physical parameter, such as the speed and / or distance traveled by a bicycle.

[0002] The invention also relates to a system for measuring at least one physical parameter, such as a speed and / or a distance traveled by a bicycle for the implementation of the measurement method. STATE OF THE ART

[0003] To measure a physical parameter, such as the speed of a two-wheeled vehicle, a Bluetooth-type tachometer, typically powered by a battery, can be used. Another method involves using a speed measuring device with at least one permanent magnet mounted on a wheel and a magnetic sensor attached, for example, to a fork. This sensor determines the magnet's passage over the sensor as the wheel rotates. Such a speed measuring device generally requires a dedicated power source, which complicates both the design of the device and the method used to perform the speed measurement.

[0004] US patent 5,335,188 describes a device for managing and comparing ideal, past, and present performance on an exercise machine, such as a bicycle. To achieve this, it provides at least one permanent magnet attached to the bicycle wheel and a motion sensor on the bicycle fork to transmit measurement signals via cable to a microprocessor unit mounted on the handlebars. A battery is provided to power the device. The motion sensor can detect the passage of the permanent magnet as the wheel rotates. This motion sensor acts as a magnetic sensor to determine the wheel's rotational speed as the magnet passes near the sensor and deduce the distance traveled. As previously mentioned, a power source, such as a battery, is required for the measuring device to function, which complicates the design of the device to be mounted on the bicycle for speed measurement.

[0005] US patent application 2015 / 0285657 A1 describes a device for managing and recording bicycle activity. It includes at least one magnet mounted on the spokes of a bicycle wheel, a control unit mounted on a bicycle fork, and a smartphone placed on the handlebars. The control unit includes a Hall effect sensor to determine the magnet's passage as the bicycle wheel rotates, a microprocessor with proprietary software identical to the smartphone's software, and memory to store all measurements taken by the sensor(s). The device measures the bicycle's speed and distance traveled. However, a power source is required for the control unit, which complicates the design of the device mounted on the bicycle for speed measurement.

[0006] US patent application 2011 / 0018526 A1 describes a measuring device for measuring the relative rotational speed of a rotating rotor with respect to a stator at a vehicle wheel. An inductive pulse generator, supported by the stator, includes an induction coil in which an electrical voltage, representing a measurement signal of the rotor's rotational speed, is induced by the rotor's rotation. A permanent magnet is provided in the path of the induction coil. A transmitting device, powered by the voltage induced by the inductive pulse generator, wirelessly transmits at least one rotational speed measurement signal to a receiving device. No specific arrangement of a magnetic sensor and a permanent magnet mounted on a bicycle for measuring speed and distance traveled is described.

[0007] US patent application 2005 / 0156590 A1 describes a measuring device for measuring the passage of a magnet attached to a spoke of a bicycle wheel across a magnetic sensor measuring circuit mounted on the bicycle fork at the same distance from the wheel's axis of rotation as the magnet on the spoke. However, it does not precisely define calculations performed in a processing unit clocked by a precise, low-power oscillator.

[0008] Patent application DE 296 15 910 U1 describes a piece of sports equipment. This could be a tachometer with an odometer on a bicycle to indicate the distance traveled and the instantaneous speed. However, it primarily describes a speed detection system for roller skates, which includes magnets on each wheel and a sensor that detects their passage in order to transmit the measurement data to a receiver in a display device where, among other things, the speed is calculated.

[0009] Patent application DE 200 14 262 U1 describes an energy-autonomous rotational speed and temperature sensor, comprising an inductive rotational speed sensor, a semiconductor temperature sensor, a regulator, an energy storage unit, an associated controller, and a radio transmitter. The voltage pulses from the rotational speed sensor are rectified and amplified so that a controller can evaluate them to measure rotational speed. The rectified rotational speed pulses are stored cumulatively in an energy storage unit consisting of capacitors. The application makes no mention of measuring the speed or distance traveled by a bicycle.

[0010] US patent 9,424,739 B2 describes a self-powered wireless system. A magnet interacts with an inductor to generate a trigger and power signal. A measurement signal can be transmitted. This device can be mounted on a vehicle, but there is no indication of such an arrangement on a bicycle with a magnet and a measurement circuit located on the bicycle at the wheel.

[0011] Patent application DE 20 2012 011 461 U1 describes an electronic device for detecting the speed and mileage of a bicycle using at least one permanent magnet located on a wheel spoke and a sensor circuit, such as a Hall effect generator mounted on the bicycle frame. The sensor circuit detects the passage of the permanent magnet and provides a supply voltage to the electronic device. A calculation of the distance traveled and the average speed can then be performed. A data transmission unit is provided for transmitting data to at least one receiver. The sensor circuit is not suitable for easily determining several physical quantities or parameters simply by applying an electrical supply as the permanent magnet passes over the bicycle wheel during rotation.

[0012] Patent application DE 198 38 876 A1 describes an electronic tachometer, which is electrically powered by the passage of a magnet in front of an induction coil. The voltage supplied by the induction coil charges an energy storage capacitor via a rectification and voltage stabilization circuit. The induction coil can detect voltage variations induced by the passage of several permanent magnets and also acts as a rotation sensor. The speed of a wheel can be determined, and data can be transmitted via radio link to an evaluation unit. No reference is made to a bicycle.

[0013] US patent application 2010 / 0180664 A1 describes a rotary transducer and a method for monitoring transducer wear. The rotary transducer has a sensing device with a measuring sensor to generate a measurement signal representative of the angular position and velocity of an object connected to the rotary transducer. A monitoring device is connected to the measuring sensor to transmit data and to output a wear status signal of the rotary transducer, based on the measurement signal. No reference is made to a bicycle.

[0014] US patent 7,495,549 B2 and US patent application 2017 / 0115319 A1 describe a device for managing and recording bicycle activity. The device determines slope and elevation using an accelerometer combined with a barometer, but makes no mention of a measuring circuit equipped with an inclinometer mounted on a bicycle wheel.

[0015] US patent 3,723,966 A and German patent application DE 10 2014 203142 A1 describe a device for determining the tire pressure of a vehicle wheel, either by a battery-powered pressure sensor placed on the wheel rim or by a pressure sensor located on the wheel and powered by wireless communication. No connection is defined with a measuring circuit for measuring the speed or distance traveled by the vehicle.

[0016] Other physical parameters can be measured on a bicycle. These include tire pressure, soil type detection, soil temperature, angular acceleration using an accelerometer, and other types of measurements. For tire pressure measurement, a pressure sensor circuit can be installed on the wheel rim at the valve hole. This pressure sensor circuit is battery-powered and can wirelessly transmit measurement signals, similar to the Hutchinson Connec'Tires product. However, the need for a battery to power such a sensor circuit is a drawback. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0017] The invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above in order to simplify the measurement of at least one physical parameter, such as the speed and / or distance traveled by a vehicle, by providing, with a minimum of electrical energy, information such as the speed and / or distance traveled by wireless transmission to a portable device.

[0018] To this end, the invention relates to a method for measuring at least one physical parameter of a vehicle with at least one wheel, which includes the features of independent claims 1 and 2.

[0019] Specific steps of the measurement process are defined in dependent claims 3 to 14.

[0020] One advantage of the measurement method according to the invention lies in the fact that a permanent magnet is mounted on the frame or fork of a vehicle, such as a bicycle, and that a magnetic sensor measurement circuit is positioned on a wheel, for example, on a spoke of a bicycle wheel or on the rim, so that the magnetic sensor of the measurement circuit can pass close to the magnet as the wheel rotates. Thus, energy is recovered within the measurement circuit using a rectifier and a smoothing capacitor as the magnetic sensor of the measurement circuit passes in front of the magnet. The recovered energy powers the electronic components of the measurement circuit.

[0021] Each time the magnetic sensor passes in front of the magnet, a speed measurement of the vehicle, such as a bicycle, can be easily taken in a processing unit within the measurement circuit, clocked by a low-voltage quartz oscillator. Direct transmission of the measurement via a radio frequency signal, such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), can be made from the measurement circuit to a portable device carried by the vehicle's user or mounted on the handlebars. This portable device could be a mobile phone or headset to provide an audio signal to the user, or an electronic tablet mounted on the handlebars to display at least the bicycle's speed and the distance traveled (achieved by integrating the speed measurement).

[0022] According to the invention, the measuring circuit comprises at least two magnetic sensors, each positioned, for example, on a respective spoke of the bicycle's front wheel and, according to the invention, on the same side of the wheel or rim and 180° apart, or on the wheel rim. This allows for the recovery of more energy during a complete rotation of the bicycle wheel and enables the measurement of the bicycle's speed and / or distance traveled. Initial calibration of the bicycle wheel diameter and the mounting angle of the measuring circuit can be performed by transmitting the data from the portable device to the measuring circuit. Storing this data in the measuring circuit allows the system to measure the bicycle's speed at least after one complete wheel rotation, and subsequently the distance traveled.

[0023] Alternatively, all calculations and calibrations can be performed and stored within the portable device. In this scenario, the measurement circuit(s) are further simplified, transmitting only the wheel passage pulses over time, the total of these pulses, and optionally the sensor's raw tilt angle. Calibration is performed by the portable device, for example, while driving along a measured route or by inputting measured tilt and diameter values.

[0024] Using the measurement circuit(s), the time-induced voltage pulses generated by each magnetic sensor allow for the calculation of instantaneous speed, maximum speed over a specified period, and average speed within the processing unit. Furthermore, by integrating these values ​​into the processing unit, the distance traveled over a given period can be easily determined. All measurements can be stored and transmitted on demand, depending on the voltage level of the measurement circuit's supply voltage, which is recovered from the energy generated by the passage of the magnetic sensor(s) over the permanent magnet(s).

[0025] Other parameters can be measured and wirelessly transmitted by the measurement circuit(s) to a portable device based on the energy extracted as they pass by the permanent magnet(s). This could involve measuring tire pressure from a pressure sensor circuit powered by the magnetic sensor measurement circuit.

[0026] Advantageously, the measurement circuit is mounted on the tire or the rim of the front wheel, or even the rear wheel if the permanent magnet is mounted on a rear portion of the frame. The antenna mounted on the tire or rim becomes rotatable. This allows, by synchronizing with the physical position given by the position of the magnet, for the provision of measurable information through the propagation properties of the RF medium. This can include Doppler velocity and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements.

[0027] To this end, the invention also relates to a system for measuring at least one physical parameter of a vehicle with at least one wheel, such as a bicycle, for implementing the measurement method, which includes the features mentioned in independent claim 15.

[0028] Specific embodiments of the measurement system are defined in dependent claims 16 to 18. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0029] The aims, advantages, and characteristics of a method and system for measuring at least one physical parameter of a vehicle with at least one wheel will become clearer from the following description, based on at least one non-limiting embodiment illustrated by the drawings in which: there figure 1 is a side view of a vehicle, for example a two-wheeled vehicle, such as a bicycle equipped with a system for measuring at least one physical parameter of the bicycle according to the invention, the figure 2is a top view of a vehicle, for example a two-wheeled vehicle, such as a bicycle equipped with a variant embodiment of the system for measuring at least one physical parameter of the bicycle according to the invention, and the figure 3 represents a simplified block diagram of the electronic components of the measurement system for at least one physical parameter of a vehicle with at least one wheel according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] The following description refers to a method and system for measuring at least one physical parameter, such as the speed and / or distance traveled by a vehicle with at least one wheel, such as a bicycle. All electronic components, which are well known to a person skilled in this technical field, are described only in simplified form. The vehicle could be, for example, a two-wheeled bicycle designed to be set in motion by a user on a path, such as a road or in a forest.

[0031] THE figures 1 and 2 These figures represent a side and top view of a two-wheeled bicycle 10. The front wheel 11 is mounted freely to one end of a front fork 12. This front fork 12 is mounted in a front portion of the bicycle frame 13 to allow the front wheel 11 to rotate. The fork 12 is connected at its other end to handlebars 14. A crankset 15, operable by both feet of a user, is provided in conjunction with a chain to drive the rear wheel 11 in rotation on a rear portion of the frame 13.

[0032] A measuring system 1 is also mounted on the bicycle 10 for measuring at least one physical parameter, such as the speed and / or distance traveled by the bicycle in use. The measuring system 1 essentially comprises at least one permanent magnet 2 located on a rear portion of the frame 13 or on a front fork 12, and at least one measuring circuit 3 located on a front or rear wheel 11. Preferably, the permanent magnet 2 is located on the front fork 12 and a measuring circuit 3 is mounted on a rim or tire of the front wheel 11, or even on a spoke 21 of the front wheel.

[0033] The measuring system 1 may further include at least one portable device 4 for receiving, for example, speed and / or distance measurement information from the measuring circuit 3. Preferably, the measuring circuit 3 is placed on one side of the rim of the front wheel 11. The permanent magnet 2 is positioned on the front fork 12 at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the front wheel 11 as the measuring circuit 3 so as to be opposite the measuring circuit 3 as it passes during the rotation of the front wheel 11.

[0034] It is also possible to mount at least two measuring circuits 3, 3' on the rim of the front wheel 11, each on opposite sides of the rim, and two permanent magnets 2, 2' equidistant from the axis of rotation of the front wheel 11. The permanent magnets 2, 2' are positioned opposite one of the respective measuring circuits 3, 3' as they pass in front of the permanent magnets 2, 2'. The measuring circuits 3, 3' can be mounted in the same position on two different sides of the rim or tire of the front wheel 11, or even 180° apart on two different sides, or on the same side with only one permanent magnet 2 being used in this case. It is also possible to place the measuring circuits 3, 3' on each spoke 21 of the front wheel 11.

[0035] In the case of a single measuring circuit 3 used as shown in figure 3This measurement circuit 3 mainly comprises a magnetic sensor 31 to detect its passage in front of a permanent magnet 2, notably by means of a coil B, a rectifier with at least one diode 32 to rectify the induced voltage detected by the coil B of the magnetic sensor 31, and a smoothing capacitor CL to store the energy recovered following the rectifier 32. The energy recovered and stored on the smoothing capacitor CL provides a power supply to the electronic components of the measurement circuit 3.

[0036] The measuring circuit 3 essentially comprises a processing unit 34 directly connected to the output of the magnetic sensor 31 to calculate a physical parameter, such as the speed and / or distance traveled by the bicycle during use. The processing unit 34, which can be a processor, is clocked by an oscillator 33, which can be a quartz crystal oscillator or a MEMS oscillator. Each magnetic pulse, as it passes in front of the permanent magnet 2 near the magnetic sensor 31, and at a rate generated over time by the oscillator 33, allows the processing unit 34 to easily calculate the speed. Furthermore, the distance traveled can also be easily obtained by integration.

[0037] It is possible to calculate, using calculation unit 34, an instantaneous speed, a maximum speed over a given time period, and an average speed. The distance traveled by the bicycle can also be determined using calculation unit 34 over a given time period.

[0038] The measurements taken can be transmitted by an antenna 36 of a transmission-reception unit 35 connected at the output of the calculation unit 34, to a portable device 4. The transmission-reception unit 35 can be of the BLE type in advertising mode to transmit short-range S RF radio frequency signals to the portable device 4. This portable device 4 can be a mobile phone mounted on the handlebars of the bicycle, or an electronic tablet, or even an electronic earpiece to signal the measurements in audio form to the user.

[0039] In one embodiment, the calculation unit 34 of the measuring circuit 3 can be provided to determine the times of its passage in front of the fixed permanent magnet 2 opposite the magnetic sensor 31 based on the induced voltage pulses provided by the magnetic sensor 31. Then, the transmission-reception unit 35 of the measuring circuit 3 transmits data relating to the passage times of the magnetic sensor 31 in front of the permanent magnet 2 to the portable device 4 via the antenna 36. A calculation of the speed and / or distance traveled by the vehicle is performed directly in a processing unit 44 of the portable device 4.

[0040] This speed v of the bicycle is therefore obtained by knowing the time t between two peaks of induced voltage if there is only one magnetic sensor and one permanent magnet 2 and the dimension of the bicycle wheel with a diameter D. This gives v = π·D / t. With two measuring circuits 3, 3' for example arranged on the rim at 180° to each other, the speed can therefore be v = π·D / (2·t).

[0041] Of course, for the exact calculation of the speed of the bicycle, the diameter D of the front wheel 11 and possibly the angle of inclination of the measuring circuit 3 with the magnetic sensor 31 with respect to the horizontal must be intrinsically calibrated by the user of the bicycle in particular by means of the portable device 4 explained below.

[0042] As depicted in the figure 3It should be noted that the measuring circuit 3 may include a memory 37 connected to the processing unit 34 to store speed and distance measurements over time. This may be a non-volatile memory of the FLASH type to retain the data in case of a power failure, particularly when the bicycle is stationary or when the voltage stored on the smoothing capacitor CL is no longer sufficient.

[0043] The measuring circuit 3 may also include other sensors. An inclinometer 38 may be provided to allow, through integration, the calculation in the processing unit 34 of the elevation change experienced by the bicycle in use, or an instantaneous lateral tilt of the bicycle. The inclinometer may incorporate an accelerometer within the measuring circuit 3. The accelerometer provides a sinusoidal measurement signal during wheel rotation, with maximum acceleration when passing from the vertical at the highest point and minimum acceleration at the lowest point in contact with the path. The magnetic sensor 31 of the measuring circuit 3 detects the passage of the magnet 2, offset by the maximum and minimum values ​​of the accelerometer measurement signal. Measuring the time it takes for the magnetic sensor 31 to pass over the permanent magnet 2 allows the calculation of the elevation change experienced by the bicycle in use, or an instantaneous lateral tilt of the bicycle relative to the ground.

[0044] The measured data of positive and negative elevation gain are stored in non-volatile memory 37, as are the speed and distance traveled.

[0045] The measurement system 1 may further include a pressure sensor circuit (not shown) located at a tire valve on the wheel rim to measure tire pressure. Power may be supplied by the measurement circuit 3 via wireless communication, and the pressure measurement from the pressure sensor circuit is transmitted to the measurement circuit 3. This pressure measurement may be stored in the measurement circuit 3 or also transmitted to the portable device 4.

[0046] Soil type detection can be determined by measurement system 1. A temperature sensor can be provided for measurement circuit 3 to measure soil temperature, and an accelerometer to measure angular acceleration.

[0047] Thanks to the measurement circuit 3 mounted on the tire or the rim of the bicycle's front wheel, or even the rear wheel, synchronization can be achieved with the physical position given by the position of magnet 2. This also allows for the provision of measurable information through the propagation properties of the RF medium. This can include Doppler velocity and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements.

[0048] When the bicycle stops or travels at too low a speed, the transmit-receive unit 35 is designed to deactivate if the supply voltage from the smoothing capacitor CL falls below a first voltage threshold. When this supply voltage drops even further below a second critical voltage threshold, the entire measurement circuit 3 is deactivated, after all measurement data has been stored in the non-volatile memory 37. This stored data can then be retrieved and transmitted to the portable device 4 when the supply voltage is sufficiently above the first low voltage threshold while the bicycle is in use.

[0049] Of course, to ensure sufficient operating voltage for the entire measuring circuit 3, even at low speeds, depends on the size of the coil B of the magnetic sensor 31, with a specific number of turns, and the strength of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet(s) 2. The distance between the permanent magnet(s) 2 and the magnetic sensor 31 must be as small as possible. With a measuring circuit 3 and a permanent magnet 2, a bicycle speed just above, for example, 2 km / h may be sufficient for adequate energy storage on the smoothing capacitor CL.

[0050] The portable device 4 can be, as explained above, a mobile phone carried by the cyclist or attached to a part of the bicycle, for example, the handlebars. It can also be an electronic tablet, also attached to the handlebars, or an electronic earpiece worn by the cyclist to signal speed and distance measurements via an audio signal.

[0051] The portable device 4 includes a transmit-receive unit 45 for establishing S RF signal communication via an antenna 46 with the measuring circuit 3. The portable device 4 further includes an oscillator 43, which may also be a clock quartz oscillator or other type, for timing a data processing unit 44 connected to the transmit-receive unit 45. A non-volatile memory 47 allows for storing measurement information received from the measuring circuit or calculated within the portable device 4, and for providing parameterization or calibration data to the processing unit for transmission to the measuring circuit 3 via the transmit-receive unit 45. At least one display element 48, for example a liquid crystal display or LED, may also be provided to indicate to the user the bicycle's speed and the distance traveled upon receiving the S RF signals from the measuring circuit 3.

[0052] In the case of a portable device 4 in the form of an electronic headset, an audio element 48' such as a speaker may be provided. Therefore, both the audio element 48' and the display element 48 may be present for the portable device 4 in the form of a mobile phone or tablet. Thus, measurement information from the measurement circuit 3 can be provided to the user in audio form using speech synthesis.

[0053] It should also be noted that, since the distance between the portable device 4 mounted on the handlebars and the measuring circuit 3 is small, it is possible to significantly reduce the power of the S RF BLE signal. This allows the operating time of the measuring circuit 3 to be increased when the bicycle is stationary for a period of time.

[0054] The magnetic sensor 31 of the measuring circuit can be simplified to consist of only the multi-turn coil connected to the calculating unit 34. Furthermore, two measuring circuits 3, 3' can be provided, as shown in figure 2 These two measuring circuits 3, 3' can be positioned, for example, in the same location on the wheel, but on two different sides of the rim or tire of wheel 11. They can also be arranged 180° apart on the same side or on two different sides of the rim or tire of wheel 11. This ensures the proper functioning of at least one of the two magnetic sensor measuring circuits 3, 3' for the precise measurement of speed and distance traveled in measuring circuit 3, or another physical quantity. The magnetic sensor 31 can also be a Hall effect sensor.

[0055] Based on the description above, several embodiments of a method and system for measuring at least one physical parameter, such as the speed and / or distance traveled by a vehicle with at least one wheel, can be designed by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims. Several portable devices can be incorporated into the measurement system. Each portable device has its own power source, such as a battery, solar cell, or other energy source. The measuring circuits and the permanent magnet can also be mounted on the rear wheel side of the bicycle. Alternatively, the magnet can be integrated into the material of the frame or the front fork.

Claims

1. A method for measuring at least one velocity of and / or one distance travelled by a bicycle (10) when used by a user, by means of at least two measuring circuits (3, 3'), each measuring circuit comprising a magnetic sensor (31), the two measuring circuits (3, 3') being arranged on the same side of the wheel or of the rim and offset from each other by 180°, and by means of a permanent magnet (2) arranged on the part of the frame (13) or the fork (12) at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the wheel (11) as each measuring circuit (3, 3') so as to be facing each measuring circuit (3, 3') as it passes when the wheel (11) is rotating, the method comprising the following steps: - setting the bicycle (10) in motion on a path with the wheel (11) rotating with the measuring circuits (3, 3'), - detecting the passage of the magnetic sensor (31) on each measuring circuit (3, 3') facing the permanent magnet (2) and generating an induced voltage impulse at each passage of the rotating measuring circuit (3, 3'), - rectifying the voltage generated by the magnetic sensor (31) by means of a rectifier (32) and storing the rectified voltage on a smoothing capacitor (CL) to power the measuring circuit (3, 3'), - calculating a velocity and / or a distance travelled for the bicycle (10) in a computing unit (34), which is rated by a horological quartz oscillator (33) on each measuring circuit (3, 3'), on the basis of the induced voltage impulses received over time from the magnetic sensor (31), by knowing the value for the diameter of the wheel (11) of the bicycle (10), in that the velocity and / or the travelled distance measurements obtained by integration in the computing unit (34) in the measuring circuits (3, 3') are stored in a non-volatile memory (37) in each measuring circuit (3, 3'), and - wirelessly transmitting one or more measurement(s) of the velocity and / or of the distance calculated in the computing unit (34) in each measuring circuit (3, 3') to a portable device (4) carried by the user or on a part of the bicycle (10) via a signal transmission-reception unit (35) linked to an antenna (36) on the measuring circuit (3, 3').

2. A method for measuring at least one velocity of and / or one distance travelled by a bicycle (10) when used by a user, by means of at least two measuring circuits (3, 3'), each measuring circuit comprising a magnetic sensor (31), the two measuring circuits being arranged on the same side of the wheel or of the rim, the two measuring circuits being offset from each other by 180°, and by means of a permanent magnet (2) arranged on the part of the frame (13) or the fork (12) at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the wheel (11) as the measuring circuits (3, 3') so as to be facing each measuring circuit (3, 3') as it passes when the wheel (11) is rotating, the method comprising the following steps: - setting the bicycle (10) in motion on a path with the wheel (11) rotating with the measuring circuits (3, 3'), - detecting the passage of the magnetic sensor (31) on each measuring circuit (3, 3') facing the permanent magnet (2) and generating an induced voltage impulse at each passage of the rotating measuring circuits (3, 3'), - rectifying the voltage generated by the magnetic sensor (31) by means of a rectifier (32) and storing the rectified voltage on a smoothing capacitor (CL) to power the measuring circuits (3, 3'), - determining the passage times of the measuring circuits (3) with magnetic sensors (31) facing the permanent magnet (2) in a computing unit (34), which is rated by a horological quartz oscillator (33) on each measuring circuit (3, 3'), on the basis of the induced voltage impulses provided by the magnetic sensor (31),and - wirelessly transmitting data relating to the passage times of the magnetic sensor (31) facing the permanent magnet (2) to a portable device (4) carried by the user or on a part of the bicycle (10) via a signal transmission-reception unit (35) linked to an antenna (36) on the measuring circuits (3, 3') so as to calculate, in a processing unit (44) in the portable device (4), a physical parameter, such as a velocity and / or a distance travelled for the bicycle (10), and in that the velocity and / or the travelled distance measurements obtained by integration in the processing unit (44) in the portable device (4) are stored in a non-volatile memory (47) in each portable device (4).

3. The measuring method according to any of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that a distance travelled by the bicycle (10) over a determined period of time is calculated by integration into the computing unit (34) in each measuring circuit (3, 3') or into the processing unit (44) in the portable device (4), based on the induced voltage impulses received over time from the magnetic sensor (31), and in that the portable device (4) is arranged to display an instantaneous velocity measurement or velocity and / or travelled distance measurements on a display element (48) on the portable device (4), or to signal these measurements to the user by an audio signal via an audio element (48') on the portable device (4).

4. The measuring method according to claim 3, characterised in that one or more travelled distance measurement(s) are wirelessly transmitted to the portable device (4) at the same time as the velocity measurement(s) or separately.

5. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterised in that as soon as a velocity measurement is determined in the computing unit (34), this measurement is directly transmitted to the portable device (4) to display this instantaneous velocity measurement on a display element (48) on the portable device (4), or to signal this measurement to the user by an audio signal via an audio element (48') on the portable device (4).

6. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterised in that a maximum velocity value or an average velocity value is determined in the computing unit (34) over a determined period of time and transmitted to the portable device (4) to display this maximum or average velocity value on a display element (48) on the portable device (4) or to signal this measurement to the user by an audio signal via an audio element (48') on the portable device (4).

7. The measuring method according to claim 2, characterised in that a maximum velocity value or an average velocity value is determined in the processing unit (44) in the portable device (4) over a determined period of time to display this maximum or average velocity value on a display element (48) on the portable device (4) or to signal this measurement to the user by an audio signal via an audio element (48') on the portable device (4).

8. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterised in that as soon as the power voltage level on the smoothing capacitor (CL) goes below a first low power voltage threshold, the signal transmission-reception unit (35) is deactivated.

9. The measuring method according to claim 8, characterised in that before the power voltage level on the smoothing capacitor (CL) goes below a second power voltage threshold lower than the first low threshold, various calculations of the velocity of and / or distance travelled by the bicycle (10) are stored in a non-volatile memory (37) in the measuring circuit (3, 3').

10. The measuring method according any of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the temperature of the ground is measured by a temperature sensor in each measuring circuit (3, 3'), and in that the temperature measurement is transmitted to the portable device (4).

11. The measuring method according any of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that angular acceleration is measured by an accelerometer in each measuring circuit (3, 3'), and in that the angular acceleration measurement is transmitted to the portable device (4).

12. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterised in that the diameter of the wheel (11) of the bicycle (10) and the fixing angle of each measuring circuit (3, 3') are initially calibrated via transmission of parameterisation signals (SRF) from the portable device (4) to the measuring circuit (3, 3').

13. The measuring method according to claim 2, characterised in that the diameter of the wheel (11) of the bicycle (10) and the fixing angle of each measuring circuit (3, 3') are calibrated by the portable device (4) based on raw data transmitted by each measuring circuit (3, 3') and on absolute measured values or over a calibrated course.

14. The measuring method according to any of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that each measuring circuit (3, 3') communicates with the portable device (4) via BLE-type radiofrequency signals (SRF) in an advertising mode from the transmission-reception unit (35).

15. A bicycle comprising a system (1) for measuring a velocity of and / or a distance travelled by said bicycle (10), the measuring system being suitable for using the measuring method according to any of the preceding claims, the measuring system comprising at least two measuring circuits (3, 3'), each measuring circuit (3, 3') comprising a magnetic sensor (31), the measuring circuits (3, 3') being arranged on the same side of the wheel or of the rim, the two measuring circuits being offset from one another by 180°, and by means of a permanent magnet (2) arranged on the frame part (13) or the fork (12) at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the wheel (11) as the measuring circuits (3, 3') so as be facing each measuring circuit (3, 3') as it passes when the wheel (11) is rotating, and a portable device (4) arranged to wirelessly communicate radiofrequency signals with each measuring circuit (3, 3'), characterised in that each measuring circuit (3, 3') comprises: - the magnetic sensor (31) for detecting its rotational passage in front of the permanent magnet (2) and for generating an induced voltage impulse at each passage in front of the permanent magnet (2), - a rectifier (32) for rectifying the voltage generated by the magnetic sensor (31) and a smoothing capacitor (CL) for storing the rectified voltage to power the measuring circuit (3, 3'), - a computing unit (34) that is rated by a horological quartz oscillator (33), being arranged to calculate a velocity and / or a distance travelled for the bicycle (10) based on the induced voltage impulses received from the magnetic sensor (31) by knowing the value of the diameter of the wheel (11) of the bicycle (10) or to determine the passage times of the magnetic sensor (31) facing the permanent magnet (2) based on the induced voltage impulses provided by the magnetic sensor (31), and - a transmission-reception unit (35) linked to an antenna (36) arranged to transmit one or more velocity and / or distance measurement(s) calculated in the computing unit (34) to a portable device (4) carried by the user or on a part of the bicycle (10) or to transmit data relating to the passage times of the magnetic sensor (31) facing the permanent magnet (2) to the portable device (4) so as to calculate, in a processing unit (44) in the portable device (4), a velocity and / or a distance travelled for the bicycle (10), and in that the velocity and / or travelled distance measurements obtained by integration into the computing unit (34) are stored in each measuring circuit (3, 3') or in the processing unit (44) in the portable device (4), in a non-volatile memory (37) in the measuring circuit (3, 3') or in a non-volatile memory (47) in the portable device (4).

16. The bicycle (10) according to claim 15, in which each measuring circuit (3, 3') is placed on a spoke (21) or a rim or a tyre of a front wheel (11) of the bicycle (10), and the permanent magnet (2) is placed on the front fork (12) of the bicycle, characterised in that the portable device (4) is a mobile phone or an electronic tablet to be carried by the user or fastened to the handlebar of the bicycle, and in that one or more of the measurement(s) taken in each measuring circuit (3) are transmitted by BLE-type radiofrequency signals (SRF) to the portable device to be displayed on an display element (48) or signalled by an audio signal from an audio element (48') to a user of the bicycle.

17. The bicycle (10) according to claim 15, characterised in that each measuring circuit (3, 3') comprises a temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the ground to be transmitted to the portable device (4).

18. The bicycle (10) according to claim 15, characterised in that each measuring circuit (3, 3') comprises an accelerometer for an angular acceleration measurement to be transmitted to the portable device (4).