Method and device for generating a synthetic acoustic vortex field with a supermode number

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic wave imaging and underwater communication, and in particular relates to a method and device for generating synthetic vortex sound field (SVSF) with more mode number.Background

[0002] At present, the research on vortex sound field (VSF) is still in the stage of theoretical exploration and preliminary laboratory test. Because the sound wave has no polarization or spin effect, VSF has no spin angular momentum and can only carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). As a new degree of freedom for acoustic manipulation, the acoustic orbital angular momentum (AOAM) has important scientific significance and application value. Theoretically, using the multiplexing technology of AOAM can improve the channel capacity of underwater acoustic signal transmission and ensure high transmission accuracy for underwater high-speed communication. The increase of AOAM mode number (referred as mode number hereinafter) can improve azimuth resolution, which is of great significance for nondestructive testing in industry, medicine and so on.

[0003] In the prior art, VSF (including vortex ultrasonic field) is usually generated by a transducer array (such as a circular array) formed by arrangement of a plurality of transducer units. The mode number of VSF generated by this method is limited by the number of transducer units in the transducer array, that is, the mode number of sound field generated by the transducer array composed of N units is less than N / 2.Therefore, in order to obtain the VSF with more mode number, we can only increase the number of transducer units in the transducer array. This will increase the complexity of the equipment, and in order to provide the space to accommodate more transducer units, the volume of the equipment will also be increased, which is not conducive to the application of VSF. This means that it is impossible to generate a VSF with a more mode number in a small radius plane. At present, there is a lack of other research on improving the OAM mode number of VSF. CN 111 740 223 A relates to a method for synthesizing high-mode-number orbital angular momentum vortex electromagnetic fields. Specifically, it provides a method for synthesizing vortex electromagnetic fields by arranging N antenna units in a circular array. By adjusting the phase of each antenna unit in the array, vortex electromagnetic fields with mode numbers greater than or equal to 1 (N ≥ 1) are synthesized. This method enables the generation of high-mode vortex electromagnetic fields with fewer antennas, enhancing the resolution in imaging systems. It is applicable in high-resolution imaging, medical imaging, radar, and wireless communication. CN 111447015 A discloses a multi-stage acoustic orbital angular momentum emission transducer base station. It addresses the issue of difficult generation of acoustic orbital angular momentum information with high precision and speed. The base station includes a first and second transducer array arrangement. These arrays are arranged in a spiral shape and aligned in parallel. It is mainly used for underwater communication. CN 112083432 A discloses an ultra-precision 3D imaging method based on acoustic orbital angular momentum. The method constructs a 3D acoustic imaging system by combining far-field signals and vortex wave beams. By performing phase modulation on the wave signals, a two-dimensional acoustic image is formed. After further processing, a three-dimensional ultra-precise image is obtained. This design significantly improves image resolution while reducing the number of arrays used. It is mainly applied in remote sensing and exploration.Summary of the Present Invention

[0004] In view of the lack of relevant research on improving the mode number of AOAM of VSF in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and device generating SVSF with more mode number, which aims to generate an infinite mode number by using a limited number of transducer units as well as adjusting the position and phase of each transducer in the array.

[0005] A method for generating SVSF with more mode number includes the following steps: (1) Constructing a transducer array comprising N transducer units, and emitting a sound field from each transducer unit, to generate an initial sound field; (2) Simultaneously changing the position of each transducer unit and the phase of the sound field emitted by each transducer unit, wherein each change produces a sound field, thus changing s times means to produce s of sound fields, wherein the way to change the position of each transducer unit is to rotate the transducer array as a whole; (3) Superimposing the initial sound field generated in step (1) with s of sound fields generated in step (2), to obtain SVSF with more mode number; wherein N is an integer of > 1, s is an integer of >0, and N*s is not less than 4.

[0006] The transducer array forms a virtual synthetic transducer array before and after rotation, and the number of array elements in the synthetic transducer array is N s , N s =(s+1)×N.

[0007] The array elements of the synthetic transducer array are arranged on one ring. Preferably, the array elements on the ring are evenly arranged.

[0008] The phase of the sound field generated by the m-th array element in the synthetic transducer array is: α ′ ∗ 2 π m − 1 N s , wherein 1≤m≤N s , m is an integer, α' is the mode number of said SVSF, − N s 2 < α ′ < N s 2 .

[0009] According to the invention, in the transducer array, the transducer units are arranged on a ring, and the rotation axis of the transducer array passes through the center of the ring; preferably, the transducer array is evenly arranged on the ring.

[0010] Preferably, the phase of the sound field generated by the n-th transducer unit at the initial position is: α ′ ∗ 2 π n − 1 N , wherein 1≤n≤N, n is an integer, and α' is the synthetic mode number, − N s 2 < α ′ < N s 2 , and / or the angle for each rotation of the transducer array is 2 π N s , and thus after the n-th transducer unit rotates for the i-th time, the phase of the generated sound field is: α ′ ∗ 2 π n − 1 N + α ′ ∗ 2 π N s ∗ i, wherein 1≤i≤s, 1≤n≤N, i and n are integers, and α' is a synthetic mode number of SVSF, − N s 2 < α ′ < N s 2 .

[0011] The present disclosure also provides a non-claimed VSF generated by the method mentioned above.

[0012] The present disclosure also provides the non-claimed use of the VSF mentioned above in underwater communication or acoustic imaging.

[0013] The present invention also provides a device generating a SVSF with more mode number according to claim 5. Preferably, in the transducer array, the transducer units are evenly arranged on the ring. Preferably, the rotating device is a precision rotating table.

[0014] The present disclosure also provides a non-claimed equipment of underwater communication or acoustic imaging including the device mentioned above.

[0015] In the present invention, the symbol "*" indicates multiplication. "Super mode number" means a rather more number of modes. The synthetic vortex ultrasonic field generated by the method of the present invention using a limited number of transducer units has a significantly more number of modes (i.e. a more number of maximum synthetic modes) than that generated by the prior art.

[0016] The method of "sound field superposition" is the vectors of the expressions (or measured values) for the initial sound field generated in step (1) and s of sound fields generated in step (2) are added, to obtain a new expression (a measured value), and the sound field represented by the new expression (the measured value) is the superimposed sound field. The expression denotes the sound pressure expression of the detection point T(r, φ, θ).

[0017] "An axis of a ring" denotes the center line on the ring, which passes through the center of the ring and is perpendicular to the plane of the ring.

[0018] The present invention has the following advantages: (1) it can simply and effectively increase the number of AOAM modes, obtain a higher mode of vortex ultrasonic field, and then improve the directivity and azimuth resolution of VSF. (2) By the technical solution of the present invention, the number of AOAM modes can be increased using a limited number of transducer units, to generate a higher mode of VSF, which overcomes the limitation that the number of transducer units must be increased to increase the number of AOAM modes in the prior art, so that the device for generating a high mode of VSF can have a simpler structure and smaller volume, and that provides a technical route for realizing high-resolution imaging by acoustic wave. (3) The construction of a higher mode of VSF can increase the capacity of system information acquisition.

[0019] Therefore, the method and device for generating VSF in the present application can be used for underwater communication or acoustic imaging, achieve the effect of improving its channel capacity and / or resolution, and thus has a good application prospect.

[0020] Obviously, based on the above content of the present invention, according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field, without department from the above basic technical spirits, other various modifications, alternations, or changes can further be made.

[0021] By following specific examples of said embodiments, the above content of the present invention is further illustrated. But it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples. The techniques realized based on the above content of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] FIG. 1. The schematic diagram of a uniform circular transducer array; FIG. 2. The vortex ultrasonic field with a mode number of 1 (a), 2 (b) and 3 (c) obtained by 8 uniform circular transducer arrays in the prior art; and a schematic diagram of 8 transducer units unable to generate a VSF with a mode number of 4 (e); FIG. 3. A schematic diagram of the state of the basic array formed by the transducer units before rotation and after two rotations, and the synthetic transducer array formed by them; FIG. 4. A schematic diagram of a VSF with a mode number of 4 generated by rotating the transducer basic array with N=8 once in the example and simulating N s =16 transducer arrays; FIG. 5. A schematic diagram of a VSF with a mode number of 8 generated by rotating the transducer basic array with N=8 twice in the example and simulating N s =24 transducer arrays; FIG. 6. The directivity of a VSF with a mode number of 3 directly generated by the transducer basic array with N=8 in the example; FIG. 7. The directivity of a VSF with a mode number of 3 synthesized by this method using the transducer basic array with N=8 in the example; FIG. 8. The directivity of a VSF with a mode number of 4 generated by the transducer basic array with N=8 in the example; FIG. 9. The directivity of a VSF with a mode number of 4 synthesized using this method by rotating the transducer basic array with N=8 once in the example. EXAMPLES

[0023] The technical solution of the present application was further illustrated in the following by specific examples.

[0024] In the prior art, the method generating a VSF by a uniform circular transducer array was as follows: Assuming that the uniform circular array composed of N circular transducers is located in the XOY plane, As shown in FIG. 1, the array radius is R, and the modulation azimuth of the n-th transducer (i.e. the phase of the generated sound field) was ϕ n =2π(n-1)α / N, α is the number of topological charges (i.e. the number of modes). An excitation signal was applied to each transducer: s n = A * exp j 2 πft + jϕ n where A is the amplitude of the sound wave, f is the signal frequency, t is the time, and j is the imaginary unit.

[0025] Supposing that the coordinate of observation point T in a rectangular coordinate system was (x, y, z), and its coordinate in a spherical polar coordinate system is (r, φ, θ) (wherein r is the distance between the observation point and the coordinate origin, φ is the angle of the line between the observation point and the origin of coordinate axis from X-axis, and θ is the angle of the line between the observation point and the origin of coordinate axis from Z-axis), the sound pressure detected at the observation point is: p T = A R n exp j 2 πft + jϕ n + jkR n wherein k is the wave number, φ n is the spatial azimuth of the transducer in the spherical coordinates, φ n =φ n / α, R n is the distance from any transducer to the observation point T, R n could be expressed as: R n = rsin θ cosφ − Rcosφ n 2 + rsin θ sinφ − Rsinφ n 2 + rcos θ 2

[0026] When N of transducers are superimposed, the sound pressure at the detection point T(r, φ, θ) could be expressed as: p n = exp − jωt ∑ n = 1 N A R n exp jϕ n + jkR n

[0027] The complex exponential form of formula (1-4) was expanded into a trigonometric function form: p n ′ = A R n cos kR n + 2 απ n − 1 N + j A R n sin kR n + 2 απ n − 1 N

[0028] After multiple transducers are superimposed, the amplitude expression of the sound field was as follows: P = ∑ n = 1 N A cos kR n + 2 απ n − 1 N / R n 2 + ∑ n = 1 N A sin kR n + 2 απ n − 1 N / R n 2 − 6

[0029] The phase expression of the formed sound field was as follows: ϕ = arctan ∑ n = 1 N A sin kR n + 2 απ n − 1 N / R n ∑ n = 1 N A cos kR n + 2 απ n − 1 N / R n

[0030] The experimental parameters used were the frequency f=1000 Hz, the sound velocity c=340 m / s, the sound amplitude A=1, the number of array elements N=8, the number of modes α=1, 2, 3, 4, and the array radius R=0.2 m. The VSF obtained by formula (1-6) and formula (1-7) is shown in FIG. 2. According to FIG. 2, when α=4, the VSF could not be formed. The characteristic of VSF was that the central sound intensity was 0, and the wave front in the propagation direction was spiral. Its characteristics were originated from the phase distribution of wavefront linear variation.Example: VSF for the Synthetic Orbital Angular Momentum (SOAM) with More Mode Number According to the Present Invention

[0031] In this example, the parameters were defined as follows:

[0032] The number of original transducer units was N;

[0033] The number of transducer elements in the synthetic transducer array was N s ; N s =(s+1)×N;

[0034] The synthetic mode number was α', α' was an integer, and met the following requirements: − N s 2 < α ′ < N s 2 ;

[0035] If there are N of original transducer units, the number of vortex field modes that could be formed was α, which was an integer, and met the following requirements: − N 2 < α < N 2 .

[0036] If the synthetic mode number was α', the modulation phase difference between two adjacent transducer units in the synthetic transducer array was: Δ ϕ s = 2 π α ′ N s .

[0037] The rotation number of the transducer array was recorded as s; Synthetic transducer array denotes the array formed by taking the position of each transducer unit as an array, when each transducer unit used to synthesize a VSF generated a sound field. For example, in the prior art, when the transducer array was not rotated, the synthetic transducer array was the original transducer array. If the transducer array was rotated once (as shown in FIG. 3), the synthetic transducer array was a combination of the original transducer array and the transducer array obtained after rotation (as shown in the right figure of FIG. 3).

[0038] Therefore, in order to obtain a greater α', it is necessary to increase the number N s of transducer units in the synthetic transducer array. In the traditional method, the number N of original transducer units must be increased. For the present method, it was only needed to increase the rotation times s of the original transducer array.

[0039] In particular, the operation method of this example was: (1) N transducer units were evenly distributed on the ring with radius of R, and the obtained annular transducer array was controlled by the precision rotary table, which could drive the annular transducer array to rotate in the set direction (clockwise or counterclockwise). (2) If a virtual vortex sound field with a mode number of α' was synthesized, at the initial position, the phase of the sound field generated by the n-th transducer unit was α ′ ∗ 2 π n − 1 N , in which − N s 2 < α ′ < N s 2 . (3) If a synthetic transducer array with N s of synthetic array elements was required, the annular transducer array needed to be rotated k-1 times, to allow N s =kN. The ring was controlled by the precision rotary table, which would drive the transducer array to rotate in the set direction (clockwise or counterclockwise). The angle of the ring transducer array rotated each time is: 2 π N s . After the transducer array was rotated i times (1≤i≤s), the phase of the sound field successively transmitted by the n-th transducer was: α ′ ∗ 2 π n − 1 N + α ′ ∗ 2 π N s ∗ i, in which − N s 2 < α ′ < N s 2 . (4) By superimposing the original sound fields with different mode numbers formed at different positions of the array, the VSF with SOAM mode numbers could be synthesized.

[0040] The method of "sound field superposition" was: the vectors of the expressions (or measured values) for the initial sound field generated in step (1) and s of sound fields generated in step (2) were added, to obtain a new expression (a measured value), and the sound field represented by the new expression (the measured value) was the superimposed sound field. The expression denoted the sound pressure expression of the detection point T(r, φ, θ).

[0041] As the operation of the above method, the result was shown in FIG. 4. The sound field with a mode number of 4 (equal to N / 2) was generated by the transducer basic array with N=8, as shown in FIG. 4 panel a, and then the sound field with a mode number of 4 was generated by rotating the basic array once, as shown in FIG. 4 panel b. Both of generated sound fields were superimposed to simulate the VSF with a mode number of 4 generated by N s =16 transducer arrays, as shown in FIG. 4 panel c. As shown in FIG. 5, the sound field with a mode number of 8 was generated directly with the transducer basic array of N=24, as shown in FIG. 5 panel a. If the basic transducer array with N=8 was used to generate the synthetic vortex sound field with a mode number of 8, the array needed to be rotated twice. After the spatial position of the array was rotated, the phase needed to be changed. The initial sound field generated by the transducer basic array with N=8 was shown in FIG. 5 panel b; after rotating the transducer base array with N=8 once, and the phase of the sound field emitted by each transducer unit was correspondingly changed, the generated sound field was shown in FIG. 5 panel c; after rotating the transducer base array with N=8 again, and the phase of the sound field emitted by each transducer unit was correspondingly changed, the generated sound field was shown in FIG. 5 panel d; after superimposing the sound fields emitted by the array at three different spatial positions, the synthetic vortex sound field with a mode number of 8 was obtained as shown in FIG. 5 panel e. Using the above method, the synthetic vortex sound field with a mode number of 8 was generated by 8 transducer units. As shown, this method could generate VSF having more mode number with less transducer units. Other parameters of this example were consistent with those used in the above method of VSF generated by uniform circular transducer array.

[0042] In order to demonstrate the advantages of the present application, the directivity of the sound field generated by this example was described below. The directivity function of the circular transducer array used in this example is: D s = 1 N ∑ n = 1 N e − j 2 πf ∗ R c sinθcos 2 π ∗ n N ⋅ 2 J α 2 πf c asinθ 2 πf c asinθ wherein R is the array radius, c is the sound velocity, j is the imaginary unit, and a is the radius of the transducer unit.

[0043] FIG. 6 is the directivity of a VSF with a mode number of 3 directly generated by the transducer basic array with N=8; FIG. 7 is the directivity of a VSF with a mode number of 3 synthesized by this method using the transducer basic array with N=8 in the example;

[0044] FIG. 8 is the directivity of a VSF with a mode number of 4 generated by the transducer basic array with N=8 in the example; FIG. 9 is the directivity of a VSF with a mode number of 4 synthesized using this method by rotating the transducer basic array with N=8 once in the example.

[0045] Obviously, by comparison of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 as well as by comparison of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, it is clear that the VSF synthesized using the method of this example has better directivity. Therefore, it had better imaging resolution and better transmission performance in the process of imaging and data transmission.

[0046] From the above example, it could be shown that the present application could synthesize a VSF with more mode number by rotating the transducer array composed of less transducer units, adjusting the phase of each transducer unit, and superimposing the VSF generated after each rotation with that generated before rotation. Compared with the prior art, the synthetic vortex ultrasonic field generated by the method of the present invention had better directivity. Applying this method to underwater communication, biomedical imaging and other equipment could reduce the number of transducer units and thus simplify the equipment. The information carrying capacity and imaging resolution could be increased as the increase of the mode number of VSF; the enhancement of directivity also made it have better imaging resolution and better transmission performance in the process of imaging and data transmission. Therefore, the application potential of the technology of the present invention was significant.

Claims

1. A method for generating synthetic vortex sound field (SVSF) with more mode number, wherein it includes the following steps: (1) constructing a transducer array comprising N transducer units, and emitting a sound field from each transducer unit to generate an initial sound field; (2) simultaneously changing the position of each transducer unit and the phase of the sound field emitted by each transducer unit, wherein each change produces a sound field, and thus changing s times means to produce s of sound fields, wherein the way to change the position of the transducer unit is to rotate the transducer array as a whole; (3) superimposing the initial sound field generated in step (1) with s of sound fields generated in step (2), to obtain SVSF with more mode number; wherein N is an integer of > 1, s is an integer of >0, and N*s is not less than 4; wherein the transducer units are arranged on a ring, and the rotation axis of the transducer array passes through the center of the ring, characterized in that the transducer array before rotation in combination with the transducer array after rotation form a virtual synthetic transducer array, and the number of array elements in the synthetic transducer array is Ns, wherein Ns=(s+1)×N; wherein the array elements of said synthetic transducer array are arranged on one ring, and the phase of the sound field generated by the m-th array element in the synthetic transducer array is: α ′ ∗ 2 π m − 1 N s , wherein 1 ≤ m ≤ Ns, m is an integer, α' is the mode number of said SVSF, − N s 2 < α ′ < N s 2 ; wherein the method is applied to underwater communication and acoustic imaging.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the array elements on the ring are evenly arranged.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the transducer array is evenly arranged on the ring.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the phase of the sound field generated by the n-th transducer unit at the initial position is: α ′ ∗ 2 π n − 1 N , wherein 1 ≤ n ≤ N, n is an integer, and α' is the mode number of said SVSF, − N s 2 < α ′ < N s 2 ; and / or the angle for each rotation of the transducer array is 2 π N s , and thus after the n-th transducer unit rotates for the i-th time, the phase of the generated sound field is: α ′ ∗ 2 π n − 1 N + α ′ ∗ 2 π N s ∗ i, wherein 1 ≤ i ≤ s, 1 ≤ n ≤ N, i and n are integers, and α' is the mode number of SVSF, − N s 2 < α ′ < N s 2 .

5. A device generating a SVFD with more mode number, the device being used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the device includes a rotating device and at least one transducer array composed of N transducer units, and the rotating device is used to drive the transducer array to rotate in order to simultaneously change the position of each transducer unit and the phase of the sound field emitted by each transducer unit during the generation of an initial sound field, wherein each change produces a sound field, and thus changing s times means to produce s of sound fields, wherein the way to change the position of the transducer unit is to rotate the transducer array as a whole, wherein N is an integer of > 1, s is an integer of >0, and N*s is not less than 4; wherein the transducer units are arranged on a ring, and a rotating shaft by which the rotating device drives the transducer array to rotate passes through the center of the ring formed by the arrangement of transducer units, characterized in that the transducer array before rotation in combination with the transducer array after rotation form a virtual synthetic transducer array, and the number of array elements in the synthetic transducer array is Ns, wherein Ns=(s+1)×N; wherein the array elements of said synthetic transducer array are arranged on one ring, and the phase of the sound field generated by the m-th array element in the synthetic transducer array is: α ′ ∗ 2 π m − 1 N s , wherein 1 ≤ m ≤ Ns, m is an integer, α' is the mode number of said SVSF, − N s 2 < α ′ < N s 2 ; wherein the method is applied to underwater communication and acoustic imaging.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that in the transducer array, the transducer units are evenly arranged on the ring; the rotating device is a precision rotating table for accurately controlling each rotation angle of the transducer array.

7. The device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the device is applied to underwater communication or acoustic imaging.