ANATOMIC JAW MODEL FOR SIMULATING A DENTAL GESTURE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of dental care, and more particularly to the learning of techniques and a dental art gesture such as anesthesia.

[0002] In many professions, it is essential to practice different techniques before putting them into practice. This practice, which allows for the development of safe and precise movements, is especially important in professions involving living beings, to avoid injuring or causing them pain, such as dentistry.

[0003] A dentist must learn numerous techniques, each with its own specific characteristics. Furthermore, techniques are constantly evolving, and new ones are being developed, forcing dentists to continuously train and practice in these new techniques.

[0004] To train, dentists can practice on patients under the supervision of an instructor. This method allows the trainee dentist to fully experience the sensations they need to perceive for each of the techniques they learn.

[0005] However, since the dentist in training does not yet have perfect control over his movements, this method creates a risk of injury or pain for the patient.

[0006] Indeed, for example, during intraosseous anesthesia, to inject under optimal conditions, the needle must be placed close to the root tips of the teeth. If the injection is not deep enough, the area is less vascularized, which can lead to bone necrosis depending on the injected anesthetic. It is also crucial not to insert the needle below the root tips, as this risks causing injury. Furthermore, it is important not to insert the needle fully, so that it can be easily removed should it break.

[0007] The depth of needle penetration is therefore a crucial element for achieving anesthesia without post-operative complications.

[0008] To train, dentists can also practice by simulating procedures on anatomical jaw models, including an upper jaw model and a lower jaw model. Such anatomical models have the advantage of combining many patient-related cases into a single model. These models also ensure that patients are not put at risk until the dentist has fully mastered their techniques.

[0009] US patent 2010 / 256649 A1 (CAPSAL JEAN [FR] ET AL) describes a human head model comprising an oral cavity with elastic buccal and lingual surfaces into which an anesthetic injection needle can be inserted. The model includes 12 electrical contacts concealed beneath the buccal and lingual surfaces at the patient's nerve locations to provide audible and / or visual feedback that the correct needle position has been reached during insertion through the buccal and lingual surfaces.

[0010] However, existing anatomical models of the jaw do not allow the dentist in training to visualize the correct angulations, penetration depths, and even less to feel the sensations he will perceive when putting the learned techniques into practice on a patient.

[0011] The objective of the invention is to provide an anatomical model of the jaw for the simulation of anesthesia techniques, allowing the dentist to practice alone while acquiring the most precise gestures possible in order to effectively treat his future patients without risking injury or pain to them.

[0012] The present invention relates to an anatomical model of a living being's maxilla comprising a gum representing the maxilla of said living being as defined in independent claim 1 and to a method for simulating anesthesia techniques as defined in independent claim 9.

[0013] To this end, it is proposed, firstly, an anatomical model of a maxilla of a living being including a gum representing the maxilla of said living being.

[0014] This anatomical model allows a dentist to practice dental art techniques without risk of injuring or hurting a patient.

[0015] The anatomical model further includes at least one tool guide integrated into the gum to allow an operator to simulate a dental art gesture.

[0016] The anatomical model then allows the dentist to practice alone while acquiring the most precise movements possible.

[0017] Various additional features can be provided, either alone or in combination: The guide passes through the gingiva and includes a needle guidance slide extending into the gingiva and forming a substantially cylindrical hole through the gingiva to allow a dentist to practice an anesthesia technique; the slide forms an angle between the roots of the teeth and the cortical bone with a direction in which the needle enters between the roots or into the cancellous bone if the septum is not present; the guide includes a main internal wall disposed in the slide across said hole so that a needle inserted into the slide perforates the main internal wall to simulate drilling into the cortical bone; a thickness of the main internal wall along the direction of needle insertion is between 0.1 and 2 mm plus or minus 20%; the anatomical model includes at least one tooth disposed on the gingiva;the guide includes at least one secondary internal wall disposed in the slide across said hole, the secondary internal wall being disposed downstream of the main internal wall in the direction of needle insertion, so that a needle inserted into the slide first perforates the main internal wall and then the secondary internal wall in order to simulate the drilling of the cortical bone and then the trabecular bone of the maxilla; a thickness of at least one secondary internal wall along the direction of needle insertion is between 0.1 and 2 mm plus or minus 20%; the guide includes at least two secondary internal walls separated from each other and from the main internal wall by a distance of between 0.3 and 2 mm plus or minus 20%;The guide includes a stop aligned with the hole formed by the slide and positioned upstream of the slide in the direction of tool insertion to teach the dentist the correct depth of tool insertion; the stop being positioned at a distance from the main inner wall of between 2 and 7 mm plus or minus 20%; the guide includes a protective wall for the free end of the needle, the protective wall being aligned with the hole formed by the slide and positioned downstream of the slide in the direction of needle insertion to protect the dentist when manipulating the anatomical model after needle insertion; the protective wall includes a viewing window for the free end of the needle, allowing the practitioner to see the position of the needle tip;The guide includes a needle orientation slide, the slide forming an angle of 10 degrees plus or minus 20% with a direction tangent to the point of contact of the needle on the gum.

[0018] Secondly, a device for simulating anesthesia techniques is proposed, the device comprising an anatomical model of an upper jaw of a living being as previously described, an anatomical model of a lower jaw of a living being as previously described and a model of a perioral area of ​​the living being, each anatomical model comprising a means of attachment to the perioral area model, the perioral area model comprising a means of fixing in space and an opening revealing the two anatomical models.

[0019] Thirdly, a method for simulating anesthesia techniques is proposed, the method comprising inserting the needle of a syringe into a hole in a gum representing a maxilla of a living being, the hole being formed by a slide of a guide integrated into the gum, a perforation of a main internal wall of the guide, the main internal wall being disposed in the slide across said hole, and a visualization of the free end of the syringe by a viewing window.

[0020] The invention will be better understood, and other objects, features, details and advantages thereof will become more apparent from the following explanatory description made with reference to the accompanying drawings given solely by way of example, illustrating several embodiments of the invention and in which: [ Fig. 1 ] - there figure 1 is a schematic view, from a first perspective, of a method of embodiment of an anatomical model of the jaw comprising two anatomical models of the upper and lower jaws, including guides for the simulation of anesthesia techniques; [ Fig. 2 ] - There figure 2 is a schematic view from a second perspective of the anatomical model of the jaw represented on the figure 1 ; a syringe inserted into a guide is shown; Fig. 3 ] - There figure 3 is a schematic view from a third perspective of the anatomical model of the jaw represented on the figures 1 et 2 ; a syringe inserted into a guide is shown; Fig. 4A ] - There figure 4A is a schematic view, from a first perspective, of a first method of implementing the guides; [ Fig. 4B ] - There figure 4B is a schematic view from a second perspective of the first embodiment of the guides; [ Fig. 4C ] - There figure 4C is a schematic view of a cross-section of the first embodiment of the guides along plane IVc shown on the figure 4A ; Fig. 5A ] - There figure 5A is a schematic view, from a first perspective, of a second embodiment of the guides; [ Fig. 5B ] - There figure 5B is a schematic view of a cross-section of the second embodiment of the guides along the Vb plane shown on the figure 5A ; Fig. 6 ] - There figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of the guides; [ Fig. 7 ] - There figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of a simulation device comprising an anatomical model of the jaw and a model of a perioral area; [ Fig. 8A ] - There figure 8A is a schematic view from a first perspective of a variant of the first embodiment of the guides, this variant simulating a cortical bone of a child patient, whereas the variant illustrated on the figures 4A à 4C simulates a cortical bone of an adult patient; [ Fig. 8B ] - There figure 8B is a schematic view of a cross-section of the variant of the first embodiment of the guides along plane VIIIb shown on the figure 8A .

[0021] THE figures 1 à 3 represent an anatomical model of the jaw comprising a 100 anatomical model of the upper jaw and a 100 anatomical model of the lower jaw of a living being.

[0022] According to the embodiment shown, each anatomical model 100 includes a gum 110 and teeth 130.

[0023] The 130 teeth preferably have characteristics, such as spacing, angle or size, recreating a large number of cases that can be found in such a living being.

[0024] According to the illustrated embodiment, each anatomical model 100 also includes guides 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d for simulating anesthesia techniques. The guides 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d include a slide 121 allowing the needle 210 of a syringe 200, which a dentist in training inserts into the gum 110, to slide along this slide 121 in order to teach the dentist in training the correct procedure.

[0025] As depicted on the figure 2 The 120a, 120b, 120c, and 120d guides form an angle α between 10° and 90° relative to a portion of the anatomical model 100. This angle α differs according to each type of anesthesia represented by the 120a, 120b, 120c, and 120d guides.

[0026] This angle allows the dentist in training to acquire the gesture corresponding specifically to the anesthesia technique for which he is training.

[0027] The guides 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d also preferably include a stop 123 and / or a stop panel 126 blocking the insertion of the Syringe 200 to a certain depth in the gum 110. This insertion depth depends on the type of anesthesia represented by the guide 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d.

[0028] This depth of insertion allows, once again, the dentist in training to refine his action according to the anesthesia technique for which he is training.

[0029] THE figures 4A à 4C and the figures 8A et 8B represent a first embodiment of guide 120a, 120d. This embodiment allows the simulation of intraosseous anesthesia in an area of ​​the jaw including a septum and therefore a relatively developed trabecular bone.

[0030] The first embodiment of the guide 120a, 120d is preferably located in an area including a tooth 130 of the anatomical model 100 of the maxilla.

[0031] According to this first embodiment, the slide 121 forms a hole in the gum 110. The hole is, for example, cylindrical with a circular base. The diameter of the hole is greater than that of the needle 210.

[0032] According to this first embodiment, the tube passes through the top of the septum and goes between the roots of the 2 teeth.

[0033] According to the embodiment shown on the figures 4A à 4C , the slide 121 is divided into at least three sections by a main internal wall 122 and by at least a secondary internal wall 125 arranged across the slide 121.

[0034] The main internal wall 122 and the secondary internal wall(s) 125 are arranged and configured along the slide 121 so that the needle 210 of a syringe 200 inserted into the first embodiment of the guide 120a along the slide 121 passes first through the main internal wall 122 and then, secondly, through the secondary internal wall(s) 125.

[0035] The main internal wall 122 thus represents the cortical bone of the maxilla. The secondary internal wall(s) 125 thus represent the trabecular bone of the maxilla.

[0036] The variant of this first embodiment of the 120d guide, illustrated on the figures 8A et 8B , simulates what can be felt on a child's jaw and preferably does not include a secondary internal wall 125.

[0037] The thickness e1 of the main internal wall 122 in the version simulating a cortical bone of an adult patient of this first embodiment, represented on the figures 4A à 4C , is preferably 2mm plus or minus 20%.

[0038] The thickness e1 of the main internal wall 122 in the version simulating a cortical bone of a child patient of this first embodiment, represented on the figures 8A et 8B , is preferably between 0.1mm and 1mm plus or minus 20%.

[0039] The thickness e2 of the secondary internal wall(s) 125 in this first embodiment is preferably between 0.1mm and 2mm plus or minus 20%.

[0040] The distance dp separating the main internal wall 122 and the secondary internal wall(s) 125 in this first embodiment is preferably between 0.5 and 2mm plus or minus 20%.

[0041] According to the embodiment illustrated on the figures 4A à 4C and the figures 8A et 8B , the guide 120a, 120d includes a stop 123 configured to block the body 220 of the Syringe 200.

[0042] The distance db separating the stop 123 and the main internal wall 122 in this first embodiment is preferably between 0.5mm and 2mm plus or minus 20%.

[0043] The first embodiment of the guide 120a, 120d preferably includes, beyond the last internal wall 122, 125 in the direction of insertion of the needle 210 into the guide 120a, a protective wall 124.

[0044] This protective wall 124 is configured to protect the dentist in training from a puncture when handling the anatomical model 100 of the maxilla after inserting the Syringe 200 into the guide 120a.

[0045] The protective wall 124, for example, has a flared shape to simulate the area into which the free end of the needle 210 can arrive after being inserted into the guide 120a, 120d.

[0046] The protective wall 124 preferably includes a viewing window 124a of the free end of the needle 210.

[0047] The viewing window 124a allows the dentist in training to appreciate the depth of needle insertion 210 into the gum 110 for intraosseous anesthesia in an area of ​​the jaw including a septum.

[0048] THE figures 5A et 5B represent a second embodiment of guide 120b. This embodiment allows the simulation of intraosseous anesthesia in an area of ​​the jaw that does not include a septum and therefore a poorly developed trabecular bone.

[0049] The second embodiment of the 120b guide is preferably placed in an edentulous area of ​​the anatomical 100 model of the maxilla.

[0050] According to this second embodiment, the slide 121 forms a hole in gum 110.

[0051] According to this second embodiment, the angle formed between the 120b guide and the bone cortex at this location is between 70° and 110°.

[0052] According to the embodiment shown on the figures 5A et 5B , the slide 121 is divided into two sections by a main internal wall 122 arranged across the slide 121.

[0053] The main internal wall 122 is arranged and configured along the slide 121 so that the needle 210 of a syringe 200 inserted in the second embodiment of the guide 120b along the slide 121 passes through the main internal wall 122.

[0054] The main internal wall 122 thus represents the cortical bone of the maxilla.

[0055] The thickness e1 of the main internal wall 122 in this second embodiment is preferably between 0.1mm and 2mm plus or minus 20% (for example to differentiate a version simulating a cortical bone of a child patient and an adult patient).

[0056] According to the embodiment illustrated on the figures 5A et 5B , the guide 120b includes a stop 123 configured to block the body 220 of the Syringe 200.

[0057] The distance db separating the stop 123 and the main internal wall 122 in this second embodiment is preferably between 0.5mm and 2mm plus or minus 20%.

[0058] The second embodiment of the guide 120b preferably includes, beyond the main internal wall 122 in the direction of insertion of the needle 210 into the guide 120b, a protective wall 124.

[0059] This protective wall 124 is configured to protect the dentist in training from a puncture when handling the anatomical model 100 of the maxilla after inserting the Syringe 200 into the guide 120b.

[0060] The protective wall 124, for example, has a flared shape to simulate the area into which the free end of the needle 210 can arrive after being inserted into the guide 120b.

[0061] The protective wall 124 preferably includes a viewing window 124a of the free end of the needle 210.

[0062] The viewing window 124a allows the dentist in training to appreciate the depth of insertion of the needle 210 into the gum 110 for intraosseous anesthesia in an area of ​​the jaw not including a septum.

[0063] The first and second embodiments of the guide 120a, 120b, 120d preferably have a different external shape allowing them to be differentiated when these guides 120a, 120b, 120d are placed on the same anatomical model 100 of the maxilla.

[0064] There figure 6 represents a third embodiment of guide 120c. This embodiment allows the simulation of anesthesia of the mucosa of a patient.

[0065] According to this third embodiment, the slide 121 is outside the gum 110.

[0066] Slide 121 is preferably open, allowing the dentist in training to see the entire needle 210.

[0067] According to this third embodiment, the angle formed between the guide 120c and a tangent at the point of contact of the needle 210 with the gum 110 is 10 degrees plus or minus 10 percent.

[0068] According to the embodiment illustrated on the figure 6 , the 120c guide includes a 126 stop pan configured to block the insertion of the free end of the 210 needle.

[0069] According to one embodiment, the guides 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d are made of resin.

[0070] According to one embodiment, guides 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d are manufactured by 3D printing.

[0071] In the first and second embodiments, the guide 120a, 120b, 120d preferably includes, above each internal wall 122, 125 in the direction of the needle 210 being inserted into the guide 120a, 120b, 120d, a day 127 allowing the material to be evacuated during the manufacture of the guides 120a, 120b, 120d.

[0072] The thicknesses e1, e2 of the primary and secondary internal walls 122, 125 differ, preferably, according to the location of the guide 120a, 120b, 120d in the jaw. These thicknesses e1, e2 are, for example, greater when the guide 120a, 120b, 120d is positioned at the level of the molars than when the guide 120a, 120b, 120d is positioned at the level of the incisors.

[0073] All numerical data is provided as an example only. This numerical data is intended to best represent for the dentist in training the sensations they should have when interacting with a human patient.

[0074] There figure 7 represents a simulation device for at least one anesthesia technique.

[0075] The device includes a 300 perioral area model and at least one 100 anatomical maxillary model comprising at least one 120a, 120b, 120c, 120d guide.

[0076] The 300 perioral zone model includes a 320 opening revealing at least one 100 anatomical model of the maxilla.

[0077] The anatomical model 100 includes, according to one embodiment, at least one means 140 for securing it to the perioral area model 300. Thus, the anatomical models 100 can be changed once the anesthesia has been administered.

[0078] The anatomical model 100 also includes, according to one embodiment, at least one means 150 of association with another anatomical model 100. This allows the jaw to be given an adequate opening angle and reinforces the strength of the maxillary anatomical models 100.

[0079] The 300 perioral zone model also preferably includes a 310 means of securing it in place. This 310 means of securing it is, for example, a hook-and-loop or elastic band for attaching it to the headrest of a dental chair. In this way, the actual conditions of a dental practice can be recreated.

[0080] The 300 perioral area model is advantageously made of a material soft and elastic enough to represent a patient's cheeks.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the 300 perioral zone model is made of polyurethane foam.

Claims

1. An anatomical model (100) of a maxilla of a living being comprising a gingiva (110) representing the maxilla of said living being, the anatomical model (100) being characterized in that it comprises at least one tool guide (120a;120b;120c;120d), integrated into the gingiva (110) to allow an operator to simulate a dentistry gesture, and in that the guide (120a;120b;120d) passes through the gingiva (110) and comprises a slideway (121) for orienting a needle (210) extending in the gingiva (110) and forming a substantially cylindrical hole through the gingiva (110).

2. The anatomical model (100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the guide (120a;120b;120d) comprises a main internal wall (122) arranged in the slideway (121) across said hole, so that a needle (210) inserted into the slideway (121) pierces the main internal wall (122).

3. The anatomical model (100) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide comprises a protective wall (124) for the free end of the needle (210), the protective wall (124) being aligned with the hole formed by the slideway (121) and arranged downstream of the slideway (121) in the needle (210) insertion direction.

4. The anatomical model (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one tooth (130) arranged on the gingiva (110).

5. The anatomical model (100) according to the preceding claim when dependent on claim 2, characterized in that the guide (120a) comprises at least one secondary internal wall (125) arranged in the slideway (121) across said hole, the secondary internal wall (125) being arranged downstream of the main internal wall (122) in the needle (210) insertion direction, so that a needle inserted into the slideway (121) first pierces the main internal wall (122) and then the secondary internal wall (125).

6. The anatomical model (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide (120a;120b;120d) comprises a stop (123) aligned with the hole formed by the slideway (121) and arranged upstream of the slideway (121) in the tool (210) insertion direction.

7. The anatomical model (100) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the protective wall (124) comprises a window (124a) for viewing the free end of the needle (210).

8. A device for simulating anaesthesia techniques, the device comprising an anatomical model (100) of an upper maxilla of a living being according to any one of the preceding claims, an anatomical model (100) of a lower maxilla of a living being according to any one of the preceding claims, and a model (300) of a perioral area of the living being, each anatomical model (100) comprising a means (140) for securing to the perioral area model (300), the perioral area model (300) comprising a means (310) for fixing in space and an opening (320) revealing the two anatomical models (100).

9. A method for simulating anaesthesia techniques, the method comprising inserting the needle (210) of a syringe (200) into a hole of a gingiva (110) representing a maxilla of a living being, the hole being formed by an orientation slideway (121) of a guide (120a;120b;120d) integrated into the gingiva (110), piercing a main internal wall (122) of the guide (120a;120b;120d), the main internal wall (122) being arranged in the slideway (121) across said hole, and viewing the free end of the syringe (200) through a viewing window (124a).