PANEL WITH TWO SURFACES CONNECTED BY A UNIFORM CONNECTING STRUCTURE

Description

Technical field of the invention

[0001] The invention relates to a panel comprising two fabrics connected by a supporting structure as well as the use of such panels as a construction material. Prior art

[0002] A wide variety of panels are used in the construction industry. These include structural panels such as concrete or plasterboard, or insulating panels such as polyurethane, rock wool, and wood fiber.

[0003] These panels can be made of a single type of material, for example plaster, and are then often referred to as "solid". They can also be made of several separate materials and assembled to improve one or more specific qualities and are then often referred to as "composites".

[0004] Document US2017 / 0044766 describes a composite floor covering made of a so-called "3D" fabric comprising two flat textile faces connected by spacers which keep the two faces apart and parallel, this 3D fabric being in the form of a mesh through which cement can be poured in order to create a reinforced floor. This structure must be laid on a horizontal support, as the panel cannot contain the filling material.

[0005] Document WO2019 / 197319 describes a composite material consisting of a 3D fabric comprising two faces whose spacing is regulated by spacers and a polyurethane foam, this material being intended to form a shoe sole, the spacers ensuring a mechanical holding function by maintaining the space between the two faces of the fabric, which makes it possible to resist successive crushing suffered by the sole.

[0006] Documents US2010 / 0233417 and WO2015 / 053842 describe a flexible textile composite that can "set" (in the same way that a cement "sets"), i.e., that can become rigid or semi-rigid by applying a liquid or radiation, this composite being made up of a 3D fabric comprising two flat faces and spacers and containing a powder. The powder is incorporated by one of the faces of the fabric, this face being able to deform to create the spaces necessary for the incorporation of said powder and to retract to contain it, the face(s) of the fabric being moreover permeable to the liquid or radiation necessary for the setting of the powder in order to stiffen the composite. The faces are kept at a distance from each other by the spacers which can be individually made up of a group of fibers, or a monofilament.Although, according to US2010 / 0233417 there is theoretically no limit to the thickness of the composite, the constraints listed, and in particular the capacity for the liquid to penetrate to the core of the powdery material before the outer parts have hardened, the capacity of the faces to support the weight of the powder as well as the rigidity constraints on the spacers so that they can correctly fulfill their function of maintaining the space between the two internal faces of the composite limit these composites to relatively low thicknesses, typically of the order of a few millimeters as shown in the examples of typically, as shown in the examples of WO2015 / 053842.

[0007] Document WO2015 / 187826 describes a textile composite comprising a non-woven fabric, one side of which is permeable to liquid and the other side impermeable, the fabric being filled with a material that can stiffen upon contact with liquid. The two sides of the fabric are separated by a set of self-supporting fibers, i.e., which as a whole maintain the spacing between the two sides and resist mechanical crushing forces. When this composite is bent, before the filling material hardens, folds form on its surface.

[0008] The development of expanded materials such as cementitious foams, however, cannot be implemented in such composites which either comprise cementitious materials in dry and divided form or cannot retain a fluid material.

[0009] Document DE 28 55 194 describes a panel that may comprise divided materials such as cement, or foams of such materials. However, the spacers of the material described in this document must be rigid, sufficiently to maintain the gap between the two faces of the fabric.

[0010] To meet these needs, the applicant has developed a panel having a first fabric, a second fabric connected to the first fabric by a connecting structure, filled with a filling material which is a cementitious foam. Definitions

[0011] The carbon-containing compounds mentioned in the description may be of fossil or bio-sourced origin. In the latter case, they may be, partially or totally, derived from biomass or obtained from renewable raw materials derived from biomass. This includes, in particular, polymers, plasticizers, fillers, etc.

[0012] By "substantially parallel" or "extending substantially along" is meant that the angle formed by the two directions in question is less than 10°, preferably less than 5°, more preferably less than 2° and very preferably less than or equal to the error in measuring the angle by a suitable method.

[0013] Two lengths are substantially equal if they are equal, within the measurement tolerance usually used to measure such lengths or within the tolerance of the manufacturing process using these elements of substantially the same length.

[0014] A fabric is said to be non-deformable if the filamentary elements that compose it have an elongation at break of less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, and most preferably less than 20%. The fabric can, however, deform by mechanical sliding of the filamentary elements over each other. Fabric panel

[0015] The invention relates to a panel comprising: a first fabric comprising thread elements (C1), called warp elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a so-called warp direction, constituting a first main direction of the first fabric, thread elements (T1), called weft elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a so-called weft direction, constituting a second main direction of the first fabric and different from the first main direction of the first fabric; a second fabric comprising thread elements (C2), called warp elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a so-called warp direction, constituting a first main direction of the second fabric, second thread elements (T2), called weft elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a so-called weft direction, constituting a second main direction of the second fabric, different from the first main direction of the second fabric;a connecting structure comprising n wire elements connecting the first fabric to the second fabric, each wire element comprising at least one wire portion, called a stay, extending between the first and second fabric and connecting the first fabric to the second fabric, each stay i having a resting length hi and extending from a point of attachment to the first fabric to a point of attachment to the second fabric; ; characterized in that each stay of the connecting structure has a length at rest substantially equal to the average of the lengths at rest hm shrouds, m representing the total number of shrouds of the connecting structure, in that the first and second fabrics are non-deformable and in that the panel comprises, between the internal face of the first fabric and the inner face of the second fabric, a filling material, said filling material being a cementitious foam.

[0016] By average of resting lengths hm of the stays, we mean the average of the rest lengths of the stays of the connecting structure, the total number of stays of the connecting structure of the panel according to the invention being equal to m, an integer strictly greater than 0. Thus, h m ¯ = 1 m ∑ i = 1 m h i The total number of guy wires is adjusted according to the geometry of the panel, the desired stiffening effect, as well as the flow characteristics of the filling material. The elongations at break of the wire elements are measured according to ASTM D885-03. Filling material

[0017] The panel according to the invention comprises, between the internal face of the first fabric and the internal face of the second fabric, a filling material, this material being cementitious foam.

[0018] Cementitious foams, or insulating mineral foams, are well known to those skilled in the art and consist of a mixture of a cementitious material and a gas. The gas, for example air, is trapped in the cementitious material in the form of bubbles, thus forming an expanded material having excellent thermal and / or acoustic insulation properties, fire resistance, with a wide range of possible densities, which can range for example from the order of 40 to more than 1000 kg / m 3< . Such materials are commercially available, for example from the company Lafarge Holcim under the brand name "Airium" or from the company Vicat under the brand name "Aircimat". Panel fabrics according to the invention

[0019] The first fabric of the panel according to the invention comprises thread elements (C1), called warp elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a so-called warp direction, constituting a first main direction of the first fabric, thread elements (T1), called weft elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a so-called weft direction, constituting a second main direction of the first fabric and different from the first main direction of the first fabric.

[0020] Preferably, the first and second fabrics comprise, independently of each other, a material chosen from a polyester, a polyamide, a polyketone, a polyurethane, a natural fiber, a mineral fiber and an assembly of these materials, preferably chosen from a polyester, a polyamide, a polyketone, a polyurethane, a natural fiber and an assembly of these materials, more preferably chosen from a polyester, a natural fiber and an assembly of these materials.

[0021] In a preferred arrangement, at least one of the fabrics comprises a flame retardant material, either by its nature or by a flame retardant treatment. Linking structure

[0022] The panel according to the invention comprises a connecting structure comprising wire elements connecting the first fabric to the second fabric, each wire element comprising at least one wire portion, called a stay, extending between the first and second fabric and connecting the first fabric to the second fabric, each stay i having a resting length hi and extending from a point of attachment to the first fabric to a point of attachment to the second fabric, each stay of the connecting structure having a resting length substantially equal to the average resting length hm shrouds.

[0023] The resting length of the stay means the length of the stay in the longitudinal direction in the absence of any external stress exerted on the stay (other than atmospheric pressure). A stay at rest in its longitudinal direction is neither in extension nor in compression in this direction and therefore has zero elongation in this direction. Similarly, and generally speaking, the resting length of a wire element means the length of the wire element in its longitudinal direction in the absence of any external stress exerted on the wire element (other than atmospheric pressure).

[0024] By wire element is meant any elongated element of great length relative to its cross-section, whatever the shape of the latter, for example circular, oblong, rectangular or square, or even flat, this wire element being able to be for example twisted or wavy. When its cross-section is circular in shape, the diameter of this section is preferably less than 5 mm, more preferably within a range from 100 µm to 1.2 mm.

[0025] Each wire element of the connecting structure, in particular each stay which connects the internal faces of the first and second fabrics to each other, can be characterized geometrically by its length at rest LP and by its average section SP, which is the average of the sections obtained by cutting the stay by all the surfaces parallel to the first and second fabrics and included between the first and second fabrics. In the most frequent case of a constant section of the wire element and the stay, the average section SP is equal to this constant section.

[0026] Each wire element of the connecting structure, in particular each stay, typically has a smaller characteristic dimension E than its average section SP, preferably at most equal to 0.02 times the average resting length hmstays and a shape ratio R of its average section SP preferably at most equal to 3. A smallest characteristic dimension E of the average section SP of the supporting element at most equal to 0.02 times the average rest length hm shrouds exclude any massive load-bearing element with a large volume.

[0027] An aspect ratio R of its mean section SP at most equal to 3 means that the largest characteristic dimension V of its mean section SP is at most equal to 3 times the smallest characteristic dimension E of its mean section SP. As examples, a circular mean section SP, having a diameter equal to d, has an aspect ratio R=1, a rectangular mean section SP, having a length V and a width V', has an aspect ratio R=V / V', and an elliptical mean section SP, having a major axis B and a minor axis B', has an aspect ratio R=B / B'.

[0028] The average resting length hmof the stays is preferably greater than 8 mm, preferably between 10 and 2000 mm, preferably between 10 and 1000 mm, preferably between 10 and 500 mm, very preferably between 30 and 100 mm, very preferably between 40 and 70 mm. This average resting length can be adjusted according to the intended use of the panel according to the invention.

[0029] A stay cable has a wire-like mechanical behavior, that is, it can only be subjected to extension or compression forces along its center line. Each stay cable of the connecting structure is flexible. That is, it can bend without breaking or plastically deforming. The connecting structure is such that it cannot support by itself the spacing between the two faces of the panel according to the invention. Without filling or internal pressure, the two faces can move towards each other without effort.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, each wire element of the connecting structure is textile. By textile, it is meant that each wire element of the connecting structure is non-metallic, for example made of a material chosen from a polyester, a polyamide, a polyketone, a polyvinyl alcohol, a cellulose, a mineral fiber, a natural fiber, an elastomeric material or a mixture of these materials. Among the polyesters, mention will be made, for example, of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PBN (polybutylene naphthalate), PPT (polypropylene terephthalate), PPN (polypropylene naphthalate). Among the polyamides, mention will be made of aliphatic polyamides such as polyamides 4-6, 6, 6-6 (nylon), 11 or 12 and aromatic polyamides such as aramid.

[0031] For example, each thread element of the connecting structure is a textile assembly comprising one or more monofilament or multifilament textile fibers, twisted together or not. Thus, in one embodiment, it may be possible to have an assembly in which the fibers are substantially parallel to each other. In another embodiment, it may also be possible to have an assembly in which the fibers are wound in a helix such as a twist or an overtwist. In yet another embodiment, each thread element is made of a monofilament. Each monofilament or multifilament fiber has a diameter that can range from a few hundredths of a millimeter to a few millimeters, typically between 0.001 and 5 mm, preferably between 5 and 50 µm, preferably between 10 and 40 µm.

[0032] In a preferred arrangement, each filamentary element of the connecting structure is a multi-filament textile fiber, each fibril constituting the textile fiber having a diameter of between 0.001 and 0.5 mm, preferably between 5 and 50 µm, preferably between 10 and 40 µm. Such filamentary elements have the advantage of being more flexible than monofilament filamentary elements. The fabric according to the invention comprising such filamentary elements can thus be stored very compactly by bringing the inner faces of the first fabric and the second fabric closer together. Preferably in this arrangement, the filamentary elements are arranged such that the stays cannot, by themselves, maintain the spacing between the inner faces of the two fabrics when the panel is subjected to a compressive force, i.e. to a force exerted on the panel perpendicular to its surface and in its direction.This arrangement is obtained by adjusting the density of the stays, expressed as the number of stays per square meter, and / or by adjusting the flexibility of the stays via the count or chemical nature of the wire elements. However, the stays must have sufficient strength to maintain the spacing between the two internal faces of the fabrics once the filling material has been introduced between the two internal faces of the panel according to the invention by resisting the pressure induced by the introduction of the filling material, i.e. by having sufficient resistance to extension. This resistance can be adjusted by the density of the stays and / or their toughness and / or their chemical nature.

[0033] In another embodiment, each wire element of the connecting structure is metallic, for example a metal monofilament or an assembly of metal monofilaments, each metal monofilament having a diameter that can range from a few hundredths of a millimeter to a few millimeters, typically between 0.01 and 5 mm. In one embodiment, each wire element of the connecting structure is made up of an assembly of several metal monofilaments. In another embodiment, each wire element is made up of a metal monofilament.

[0034] In one embodiment, each wire element of the connecting structure alternately extends from the first fabric to the second fabric and from the second fabric to the first fabric when moving along the wire element.

[0035] In one embodiment, each wire element of the connecting structure comprises a first wire portion for anchoring each wire element of the connecting structure in the first fabric extending the stay in the first fabric.

[0036] Preferably, each first anchoring wire portion is interlaced with the first fabric. Such an assembly has the advantage of being able to be manufactured in a single step. However, it is also possible to envisage manufacturing the panel according to the invention in two steps, a first step of manufacturing the first fabric and a second step of interlacing the wire element(s) of the connecting structure with the first fabric. In both cases, the interlacing of each wire element of the connecting structure with the first fabric makes it possible to ensure the mechanical anchoring of each wire element of the connecting structure in the first fabric and thus to confer the desired mechanical properties on the connecting structure.

[0037] In one embodiment, in order to ensure the mechanical anchoring of the anchoring wire portion, each first anchoring wire portion is wound at least in part around at least one wire element of the first fabric.

[0038] Preferably, the first fabric comprises: wire elements, called warp elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a direction, called warp, substantially parallel to the first main direction of the first fabric, and wire elements, called weft elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a direction, called weft, and intersecting with the warp wire elements, each first anchoring wire portion being wound at least in part around at least one weft wire element of the first fabric, preferably around at least two adjacent weft wire elements in the first main direction of the first fabric.

[0039] In one embodiment, each first anchoring wire portion extends in a direction substantially parallel to the first main direction of the first fabric.

[0040] Preferably, each first anchoring wire portion passes alternately from one face of the first fabric to the other face of the first fabric between two adjacent weft wire elements around which the first anchoring wire portion is wound.

[0041] Preferably, at least one of the first fabric and second fabric is arranged so as to be impervious to the filling material. Thus, the filling material cannot flow through the fabric arranged so as to be impervious to said material. Preferably, the two fabrics of the panel according to the invention are arranged so as to be impervious to the filling material. Panel manufacturing

[0042] In a step of forming the three-dimensional fabric part of the panel according to the invention, the first wire elements 64, 66 are assembled so as to form the first fabric 26 and the second wire elements 68, 70 so as to form the second fabric 28. The carrier elements, optionally coated with an adhesive composition, preferably crosslinked, 32 are also assembled with the first and second fabrics 26, 28. In the embodiment described as an example, the first and second wire elements 64, 66, 68, 70 are assembled in a single step, and therefore simultaneously, with the carrier elements 32 so as to form the three-dimensional fabric part of the panel 24. In another embodiment, each first and second fabric 26, 28 are first formed separately, then the first and second fabrics 26, 28 are connected together with the carrier elements optionally coated with an adhesive composition, preferably crosslinked, 32.The step of forming the fabric of the panel 24 according to the invention is implemented in a manner known to those skilled in the art of woven fabrics.

[0043] The cement foam is then injected through at least one end of the panel thus formed.

[0044] Thus, the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a panel as described herein comprising at least the following steps: Arranging on a surface a three-dimensional fabric comprising: o a first fabric comprising thread elements (C1), called warp elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a direction called warp, constituting a first main direction of the first fabric, thread elements (T1), called weft elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a direction called weft, constituting a second main direction of the first fabric and different from the first main direction of the first fabric;∘ a second fabric comprising thread elements (C2), called warp elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a direction called warp, constituting a first main direction of the second fabric, second thread elements (T2), called weft elements, substantially parallel to each other and extending in a direction called weft, constituting a second main direction of the second fabric, different from the first main direction of the second fabric;o a connecting structure comprising n wire elements connecting the first fabric to the second fabric, each wire element comprising at least one wire portion, called a stay, extending between the first and second fabric and connecting the first fabric to the second fabric, each stay i having a resting length hi and extending from a point of attachment to the first fabric to a point of attachment to the second fabric, each stay of the connecting structure has a resting length substantially equal to the average of the resting lengths; hm shrouds, and in that the first and second fabrics are non-deformable; injecting a filling material through at least one end of said panel between the internal face of the first fabric and the internal face of the second fabric, said filling material being a cementitious foam.

[0045] The injection of the filler material can be carried out in a number of ways. For example, the cementitious foam can be injected through at least one end of the three-dimensional fabric using one or more nozzles, with the foam gradually flowing into the three-dimensional fabric either by gravity or by being "pushed" by the flow of foam.

[0046] Cannulas can also be introduced into the three-dimensional tissue, with these cannulas being gradually withdrawn as the foam is injected into the three-dimensional tissue. Assembly

[0047] The invention also relates to an assembly comprising at least one panel according to the invention. An assembly is a set that can group together any element including at least one panel according to the invention. Such an assembly can be, for example and without limitation, a building such as a warehouse, a building, a house, an aircraft, a boat or a land vehicle. This assembly can also be a sheath, a conduit or a container. Description of figures

[0048] [ Fig 1 ] Top view of the panel according to the invention. [ Fig 2 ] Sectional view of the panel according to the invention according to the section plane PP' shown in the figure 1 .

[0049] We represent on the figure 1 a top view of a panel (10) according to the invention and on the figure 2 a schematic view of a cross-section of a panel (10). In both figures, the same elements are numbered in the same way.

[0050] The first fabric 26 comprises two longitudinal edges 26A and 26B. The first fabric 26 extends along a first main direction of the first fabric G1 substantially parallel to each longitudinal edge 26A, 26B. The first fabric 26 comprises threaded elements 64, called warp threaded elements, and threaded elements 66, called weft threaded elements. The warp threaded elements 64 of the first fabric 26 are substantially parallel to each other and extend along a so-called warp direction C1, substantially parallel to the first main direction G1. The weft threaded elements 66 of the first fabric 26 are substantially parallel to each other and extend along a so-called weft direction T1 and intersect with the warp threaded elements 64. The warp threaded elements 64 extend continuously over the entire length of the first fabric 26.

[0051] Each wire element 64, 66, is here, for example, a textile wire element.

[0052] The wire elements 64 are all substantially identical. Each warp wire element 64 comprises first and second wire members 65, 67. The second wire member 67 is substantially rectilinear and the first wire member 65 is wound substantially helically around the second wire member 67. Here the first wire member 65 is a multifilament strand of PET having a count equal to 110 tex and the second wire member 67 is a multifilament strand of rayon of 23 tex.

[0053] The wire elements 66 here comprise two wire members, the second wire member being substantially rectilinear and the first wire member being wound substantially helically around the second wire member. Here the first wire member is a multifilament strand of PET having a count equal to 110 tex and the second wire member is a multifilament strand of rayon of 23 tex.

[0054] The second fabric 28, shown on the figure 2 , extends along a first main direction of the second fabric G2. The second fabric 28 comprises threaded elements 68, called warp threaded elements, and threaded elements 70, called weft threaded elements. The warp threaded elements 68 of the second fabric 28 are substantially parallel to each other and extend along a so-called warp direction C2, substantially parallel to the first main direction of the second fabric G2. The weft threaded elements 70 of the second fabric 28 are substantially parallel to each other and extend along a so-called weft direction T2 and intersect with the warp threaded elements 68. The warp threaded elements 68 extend continuously over the entire length of the second fabric 28.

[0055] Each wire element 68, 70, is here, for example, a textile wire element.

[0056] The filamentary elements 68 are all substantially identical and are here a multifilament strand of PET having a count equal to 110 tex.

[0057] The wire elements 70 are all substantially identical and are here a multifilament strand of PET having a count equal to 167 tex.

[0058] The panel (10) comprises a connecting structure comprising wire elements connecting the first fabric (26) to the second fabric (28), each wire element comprising at least one wire portion (74), called a stay, extending between the first and second fabrics and connecting the first fabric to the second fabric. Each wire element 32 extends alternately from the first fabric 26 to the second fabric 28 and from the second fabric 28 to the first fabric 26 when moving along the carrier wire element 32. Each carrier wire element 32 is here a textile carrier wire element, made of PET and with a 55 tex count.

[0059] Each wire element 32 comprises a supporting wire portion 74 extending between the first and second fabrics 26, 28, in particular between the internal faces 42 and 46. Each supporting wire element 32 comprises first and second anchoring wire portions 76, 78 of the supporting wire element 32 respectively in the first fabric 26 and the second fabric 28. Each first and second anchoring wire portion 76, 78 extends the supporting portion 74 respectively in each first fabric 26 and second fabric 28. Each first and second anchoring wire portion 76, 78 is interlaced respectively with each first fabric 26 and second fabric 28. Each first and second anchoring wire portion 76, 78 is wound at least in part around respectively at least one first wire element 64, 66 of the first fabric 26 and at least one second wire element 68, 70 of the second fabric 28.Thus, each anchor wire portion 76, 78 connects two carrier wire portions 74 to each other and each carrier wire portion 74 connects two anchor wire portions 76, 78 to each other.

[0060] In this case, each first anchoring wire portion 76 is wound at least in part around at least one weft wire element 66 of the first fabric 26 and here, preferably, around at least two adjacent weft wire elements 66 along the first main direction of the first fabric G1. Similarly, each second anchoring wire portion 78 is wound at least in part around at least one weft wire element 68 of the second fabric 28, preferably around at least two adjacent weft wire elements 66 along the first main direction of the second fabric G2.

[0061] Each first and second anchoring wire portion 76, 78 extends in a direction substantially parallel to the first main direction of the first and second fabric G1, G2 respectively.

[0062] Each first anchoring wire portion 76 passes alternately from face 41 to face 42 between two adjacent weft wire elements 66 around which the first anchoring wire portion 76 is wound. Similarly, each second anchoring wire portion 78 passes alternately from face 46 to face 49 between two adjacent weft wire elements 68 around which the second anchoring wire portion 78 is wound.

Claims

1. Panel comprising: • a first woven fabric comprising filamentary elements (C1), referred to as warp elements, which are substantially parallel to one another and extend in a direction referred to as the warp direction, which constitutes a first main direction of the first woven fabric, filamentary elements (T1), referred to as weft elements, which are substantially parallel to one another and extend in a direction referred to as the weft direction, which constitutes a second main direction of the first woven fabric, different from the first main direction of the first woven fabric; • a second woven fabric comprising filamentary elements (C2), referred to as warp elements, which are substantially parallel to one another and extend in a direction referred to as the warp direction, which constitutes a first main direction of the second woven fabric, second filamentary elements (T2), referred to as weft elements, which are substantially parallel to one another and extend in a direction referred to as the weft direction, which constitutes a second main direction of the second woven fabric, different from the first main direction of the second woven fabric; • a linking structure comprising n filamentary elements linking the first woven fabric to the second woven fabric, each filamentary element comprising at least one filamentary portion, referred to as a stay, extending between the first and second woven fabrics and linking the first woven fabric to the second woven fabric, each stay i having an at-rest length hi and extending from a point of attachment to the first woven fabric to a point of attachment to the second woven fabric; each stay of the linking structure has an at-rest length that is substantially equal to the mean hm of the at-rest lengths of the stays, m representing the total number of stays of the linking structure, in that the first woven fabric and the second woven fabric are non-deformable and in that the panel comprises, between the internal face of the first woven fabric and the internal face of the second woven fabric, a filling material, said filling material being a cement-based foam, characterized in that the linking structure is such that it is unable by itself to support the spacing between the two faces of the panel.

2. Panel according to the preceding claim, wherein the first and second woven fabrics comprise, independently of one another, a material selected from a polyester, a polyamide, a polyketone, a polyurethane, a natural fibre, an inorganic fibre and a collection of these materials, preferably selected from a polyester, a polyamide, a polyketone, a polyurethane, a natural fibre and a collection of these materials, and more preferentially selected from a polyester, a natural fibre and a collection of these materials.

3. Panel according to either one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the woven fabrics comprises a material that is fire-retardant either through its nature or by having a fire-retardant treatment.

4. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each filamentary element of the linking structure is a textile element.

5. Panel according to the preceding claim, wherein each filamentary element of the linking structure is a multifilament textile fibre, each fibril that makes up the textile fibre having a diameter comprised between 0.001 and 0.5 mm, preferentially comprised between 5 and 50 µm, and preferentially comprised between 10 and 40 µm.

6. Panel according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein each filamentary element of the linking structure is a metallic element.

7. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mean at-rest length hm of the stays is greater than 8 mm, preferably comprised between 10 and 2000 mm, preferentially comprised between 10 and 1000 mm, preferentially comprised between 10 and 500 mm, highly preferentially comprised between 30 and 100 mm, and as a very strong preference, comprised between 40 and 70 mm.

8. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the first woven fabric and second woven fabric is arranged in such a way as to be impervious to the filling material.

9. Assembly comprising at least one panel according to any one of Claims 1 to 8.

10. Method for manufacturing a panel according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, comprising at least the following steps: • Laying down on a surface a three-dimensional woven fabric comprising: i. a first woven fabric comprising filamentary elements (C1), referred to as warp elements, which are substantially parallel to one another and extend in a direction referred to as the warp direction, which constitutes a first main direction of the first woven fabric, filamentary elements (T1), referred to as weft elements, which are substantially parallel to one another and extend in a direction referred to as the weft direction, which constitutes a second main direction of the first woven fabric, different from the first main direction of the first woven fabric; ii. a second woven fabric comprising filamentary elements (C2), referred to as warp elements, which are substantially parallel to one another and extend in a direction referred to as the warp direction, which constitutes a first main direction of the second woven fabric, second filamentary elements (T2), referred to as weft elements, which are substantially parallel to one another and extend in a direction referred to as the weft direction, which constitutes a second main direction of the second woven fabric, different from the first main direction of the second woven fabric; iii. a linking structure comprising n filamentary elements linking the first woven fabric to the second woven fabric, each filamentary element comprising at least one filamentary portion, referred to as a stay, extending between the first and second woven fabrics and linking the first woven fabric to the second woven fabric, each stay i having an at-rest length hi and extending from a point of attachment to the first woven fabric to a point of attachment to the second woven fabric, each stay of the linking structure has an at-rest length that is substantially equal to the mean hm of the at-rest lengths of the stays, and in that the first woven fabric and the second woven fabric are non-deformable; • Injecting a filling material between the internal face of the first woven fabric and the internal face of the second woven fabric, via at least one end of said panel, said filling material being a cement-based foam.