Moulded building block to be fitted between a building wall and a floor or ceiling panel, and section of a building with such a moulded building block

Abstract

The present invention relates to a prefabricated building block (1) for arrangement between a reinforced concrete building wall (120) and a reinforced concrete floor or ceiling slab (110), for supporting the building wall (120) on the floor or ceiling slab (110).for supporting the ceiling slab (110) on the building wall (120), comprising a shaped body (2) made of a mineral building material, with a first contact area (4) for placing the shaped body (2) on the floor or ceiling slab (110) or above the building wall (120), and a second contact area (6) extending substantially parallel to the first contact area (4) for erecting the building wall (110) or placing the ceiling slab (110) on it, wherein the shaped body (2) has at least partially a material layer (14, 14', 20, 26) with elastic properties for force transmission to or from the building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab at at least one of its contact areas (4, 6).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a prefabricated block for arrangement between a reinforced concrete building wall and a reinforced concrete floor or ceiling slab for supporting the building wall on the floor or ceiling slab or for supporting the ceiling slab on the building wall. The present invention further relates to a building section comprising a floor or ceiling slab, a building wall arranged substantially vertically on or below the floor or ceiling slab, and at least one prefabricated block arranged between the floor or ceiling slab and the building wall.

[0002] Connection elements are known in the art for connecting a building wall to a floor or ceiling slab located below or above it. These known connection elements are intended to transfer compressive forces in a vertical direction from the cast floor or ceiling slab to the building wall located below or on top of it (e.g., also cast), or vice versa. In addition to transferring compressive forces, they are also intended to achieve thermal decoupling between the floor or ceiling slab and the building wall located below or above it. Revised description pages 2, 2a (fair copy)

[0003] European patent EP 2 405 065 B1 discloses, for example, an arrangement for connecting a building wall to a floor or ceiling slab. The arrangement comprises a pressure-transmitting and insulating connection element for connecting two cast components with an insulating body for thermal separation of the components. The insulating body includes pressure elements made of a concrete material that penetrate the insulating body from the lower to the upper bearing surface. These pressure elements in the insulating body transfer vertical compressive forces from a building wall located above the connection element into a floor or ceiling slab below. The pressure elements, arranged at intervals within the insulating body, are penetrated by rod-shaped, shear-transmitting elements that project substantially perpendicularly from the upper and lower bearing surfaces.The shear force-transmitting elements in such a connection element are designed to absorb forces acting primarily in the longitudinal direction or in a plane parallel to the floor or ceiling slab. These shear force-transmitting elements are fully and directly enclosed by the pressure elements within the insulation body. Such connection elements are typically prefabricated separately, which can be relatively complex.

[0004] The known insulating connection elements are intended to provide thermal separation between different floor levels of a building, while ensuring sufficiently high strength of the connection elements themselves. However, these two requirements can be conflicting, so a compromise must always be found between the desired or required strength and the achievable insulation performance.

[0005] EP 3 296 476 A1 discloses an arrangement for connecting a substantially vertical building wall to a floor or ceiling slab and for forming a wall connection system, comprising several shaped building blocks for arrangement between a building wall and a floor or ceiling slab, for supporting the building wall on the floor or ceiling slab or for supporting the floor or ceiling slab on the building wall. EP 3 296 476 A1 is prior art according to Article 54(3) EPC, which is not relevant for the question of inventive step.

[0006] DE 297 14 081 U1 further relates to an insulating block for installation between building walls and building ceilings. The insulating block has a cuboid base body made of foamed material, on whose opposing contact surfaces plates made of cement-bonded material are attached. Between the plates forming the contact surfaces, vertically extending pressure pieces run through the insulating material.

[0007] DE 94 13 502 U1 relates to a building element with a cuboid-shaped thermal insulation body. The building element has a uniformly distributed plurality of load-bearing columns made of a pressure-resistant material, which extend from the base surface to the bearing surface through the thermal insulation body.

[0008] EP 3 225 758 A1 discloses a connecting component for the load-bearing, vertical connection of building parts, which has a thermally insulating base body with two opposing contact surfaces for connection to the building parts and at least one pressure element inserted into the thermally insulating base body and penetrating it from one contact surface to the other.

[0009] The present invention is therefore based on the objective of addressing at least one of the aforementioned problems. In particular, a modular component of the aforementioned type is to be proposed that achieves a high insulating effect combined with high strength. Specifically, at least one alternative to the known wall connection elements is to be proposed.

[0010] According to the invention, a prefabricated building block is proposed according to claim 1. The prefabricated building block comprises a body made of a mineral building material with a first contact area for placing the prefabricated building block on the floor or ceiling slab or above the building wall, and a second contact area extending substantially parallel to the first contact area for erecting the building wall or placing the ceiling slab on it, wherein the prefabricated building block has, at least partially, a material layer with elastic properties for force transmission to or from the building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab at at least one of its contact areas. In particular, the building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab is provided as a component cast in concrete and, if necessary, cast together on-site with parts of the prefabricated building block.

[0011] A prefabricated building block is proposed, whose molded body forms a kind of base body made of a mineral building material, such as concrete. This molded body achieves force transmission between the floor or ceiling slab and the building wall. The base body, i.e., the molded body, constitutes an essential part of the prefabricated building block and gives it its fundamental strength for the necessary force transmission.

[0012] The molded body or base body forms the load-bearing structure within the molded building block, with at least the molded body preferably having an outer shape similar to a cuboid or cube. This is why the term "molded building block" is used, as the molded body made of mineral building material has the shape and / or properties of a stone or building block, or rather, can be considered a stone, and can be the defining element of the molded building block, at least with regard to its shape. The molded building block can, however, have additional elements; in particular, projecting or protruding elements can be provided on the molded body, especially at its contact areas corresponding with the floor or ceiling slab or building wall.

[0013] At least one of the contact areas of the molded element incorporates a material layer with elastic properties, at least partially, for force transmission to or from the corresponding building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab. This elastic material layer, which can also be referred to simply as the elastic layer, provides flexibility for force transmission to and from the molded element. The elastic layer allows for movement within the material itself, which concrete does not possess. This enables the compensation of even minor relative movements, such as those caused by thermal expansion. Particularly in the case of molded elements with high spring stiffness and no elastomer, a predetermined degree of flexibility in the contact area can be achieved via the elastic layer. Thus, the spring stiffness of the molded element can be selectively reduced by the elastomer layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the elastic layer at at least one of the contact areas of the modular building block with the building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab below or above it can enable improved thermal and / or acoustic decoupling of the building components coupled above it.

[0015] An elastic material layer is defined as a material that deforms when a corresponding force is applied to it and, once the force is removed, returns, at least partially, to its original shape. This can result in improved insulation and / or acoustic decoupling in the connection area. However, an elastic material also includes a variant where plastic deformation occurs when an applied force exceeds a predetermined value.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the material layer is an elastomer or has at least one elastomer, and / or the material layer covers more than 20%, preferably more than 30%, particularly preferably more than 40% of a contact surface formed at the contact area of ​​the molded body to the building wall or to the floor or ceiling slab.

[0017] Such an elastomer, i.e. a layer of an elastomer, can be applied in a simple way and its properties can be used here for the force transmission to / from the mold component.

[0018] The larger the area covered by the material layer at the contact surface, the greater the insulating capacity of the material layer and the greater the acoustic decoupling from the component. Furthermore, a more uniform force transmission can be achieved.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one contact area of ​​the molded component, in particular the molded body of the molded component, can be fully equipped with the material layer across its contact surface. This allows not only improved insulation and / or acoustic decoupling between two building components, but also further improved force transmission to or from the molded component. Unevenness on the surfaces that come into contact with each other can be compensated for by the elastic and thus deformable material layer. This ensures a uniform contact between the opposing contact areas of the molded component and the building wall or floor or ceiling slab. This may also have an advantageous effect on force transmission, because the force transmission can be better distributed by the leveling effect of the material layer.Recessed surfaces of an uneven surface can be better involved in force transmission by such an elastic leveling layer, and protruding surfaces can be protected from overloading in an equally simple way.

[0020] Preferably, the material layer has a hardness measured according to DIN ISO 7619-1 in the range of 30 to 90 Shore A, preferably in the range of 40 to 80 Shore A. Thus, the material used to form the layer on at least one, preferably both, contact areas of the molded body has a strength comparable, for example, to that of a rubber material used in car tires. The material layer on the first and / or second contact area of ​​the molded body is therefore subjected to noticeable or visible deformation when a force is applied.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the material layer has an average thickness of 1 mm to approximately 20 mm, preferably in a range of 2 to 10 mm. The use of a material layer of at least 1 mm, preferably at least 2 mm, particularly ensures the compensation of existing unevenness on the contact surfaces at the first and second contact areas of the molded part, but also on the contact surfaces of the building wall and / or the floor or ceiling slab. The elastic and thus deformable material layer increases the direct contact area between the molded part and the building wall or floor or ceiling slab.Preferably, from a thickness of approximately 5 mm, in addition to a more uniform force transmission between the contacting surfaces of the precast concrete block and the building wall or floor or ceiling slab, a noticeable thermal and / or acoustic decoupling between the contacting elements is achieved. Preferably, the material layers can have thicknesses of up to approximately 20 mm, with the material preferably exhibiting an increased degree of hardness relative to the thickness of the layer. In a preferred embodiment, the hardness of the elastic layer increases with increasing thickness, for example, approximately 40 Shore A at a thickness of approximately 5 mm and approximately 60 Shore A at a thickness of approximately 20 mm.

[0022] According to a further embodiment, it is proposed that the mold component be characterized in that the mold body has at least one clearance space adjacent to the material layer with elastic properties, in order to allow the material layer with elastic properties to deflect into this clearance space when subjected to pressure, wherein the material layer with elastic properties is preferably incompressible or only slightly compressible. It has been recognized that the material layer with elastic properties, which can also be referred to simply as the elastic material layer or simply the elastic layer, yields to pressure under compressive load and thereby creates advantageous properties in the area in which it or the mold component is used. However, particularly if the elastic layer is incompressible or only slightly compressible, it can only yield to pressure by deflecting.Preferably, a non-compressible or only slightly compressible elastic layer is proposed, because such elastic, non-compressible layers are usually suitable for very high compressive forces, like an elastomer, for example. The property of yielding under elastic deformation is thus taken into account by the proposed yielding space. This yielding space is provided as part or as an area of ​​the entire mold component. It is adjacent to the elastic layer, specifically next to it, so that under a corresponding compressive load, it can simply yield into this yielding space.

[0023] Preferably, the clearance space is wholly or partially filled with a flexible material that allows the elastic material, i.e., the elastic layer, to move into the clearance space. This ensures that the flexible material acts as a placeholder, particularly when manufacturing the precast concrete block with or from cast concrete, thus keeping this clearance space clear. This effect can also be achieved when installing the precast concrete block on cast concrete that is not yet liquid, and / or when concrete is poured onto it. The flexible material then prevents the concrete from unintentionally filling the clearance space.

[0024] In particular, it is proposed that the flexible material be designed as a foamed material. It could, for example, be a foam strip, similar to a sealing strip made of plastic foam. Such a foamed material consists essentially of air held in bubbles by a material, especially a plastic. This type of flexible material is inexpensive, easy to process, and can be compressed to a fraction of its uncompressed volume, thereby allowing the elastic layer to flex almost entirely within the available space.

[0025] It is preferably proposed that the clearance space surrounds the material with elastic properties substantially, at least in one plane, completely or partially. In particular, it is advantageous if the compliant material surrounds the material with elastic properties substantially, at least in one plane, completely or partially.

[0026] For example, a foam border can be placed around the elastic layer. The molded part can have a rectangular contact surface on which the elastic layer, also rectangular but with slightly smaller dimensions, is positioned. Due to the smaller dimensions, a border remains around the elastic layer, forming the compensating space, which can be filled with a foam border. The foam, which here acts as the compliant material, can be placed as a strip around the elastic layer on the contact surface of the molded part, where the elastic layer has left the border open. The elastic layer is then surrounded by a compensating space containing a compliant material that fills this space.

[0027] Preferably, the thickness of the material layer varies depending on the location, particularly to compensate for a surface structure on the contact or bearing surface. Depending on the surface structure or surface finish of the mold component according to the invention, the thickness of the material layer arranged or applied to the first and / or second contact area of ​​the molded part can vary. A contact area that exhibits unevenness and where a smooth surface is formed by the material layer has a layer thickness that varies depending on the location. Furthermore, projections or depressions formed, particularly on the contact area of ​​the mold component, can be covered with the material layer, the thickness of which can thus be individually adapted to the respective surface structure present on the first and / or second contact area. Preferably, the layer thicknesses of the applied orThe covering material layer varies depending on its orientation relative to the molded body. This allows the force application to be directed specifically to certain locations or areas of the mold component, preferably the molded body itself.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the material layer can be arranged on a support surface and / or horizontal surface and additionally or alternatively on at least one inclined, perpendicular surface of the otherwise non-horizontal surface. According to one embodiment, it is also proposed that different layer thicknesses be provided for the horizontal surfaces on the one hand and for at least one of the other surfaces on the other.

[0029] Preferably, the material layer has a surface with a profiled structure, in particular such that the surface of the layer forms a profiled structure at the contact areas as the surface of the mold component. In a preferred embodiment of the mold component according to the invention, the profiled structure on the surface of the material layer is formed by a locally varying layer thickness at at least one of the contact areas, preferably at both contact areas. Preferably, the material layer applied to the contact areas forms a predetermined pattern, e.g., a herringbone or wedge-shaped pattern, on the surface of the layer, which can be positive or negative. Preferably, the profiled structure has an additional layer thickness compared to the adjacent areas of the material layer, which is at least half the layer thickness of the adjacent areas.Thus, the entire material layer in the area of ​​the profiled structure has a thickness approximately 1.5 times that of a material layer without a profile, which forms a substantially flat surface. In one embodiment, it is proposed that the profiled structure projects by a predetermined projection, and this projection is preferably more than 3 mm, and more preferably more than 10 mm, to ensure sufficient positive engagement with the cast walls and / or floor / ceiling slab. In other words, a profile depth of more than 3 mm, and preferably more than 10 mm, is proposed.

[0030] According to the invention, at least one transmission projection is provided on the first and / or second contact area of ​​the molded block for receiving and transferring shear forces acting in the longitudinal direction of the building wall to the floor or ceiling slab arranged below or above it. Preferably, the molded block has a profiled structure on its surface, which, in contrast to the previously described embodiment, is now not solely generated by the applied material layer, but preferably by means of at least one dimensionally stable transmission projection formed on the first and second contact areas of the molded block, and in particular exclusively by one or more such transmission projections. A transmission projection projecting from or onto the contact areas of the molded block can have different dimensions.For example, a single transmission projection or the sum of the transmission projections on one of the contact areas can form a proportion of the total contact area of ​​the molded part in the range of 5% to 90%, preferably in the range of 30% to 60%. The values ​​of 30% to 60% ensure that the projections are large enough to absorb sufficient forces, while simultaneously allowing them to be formed individually to provide good, distinct points of application. Several small or one large transmission projection can be arranged or formed on a single contact area.

[0031] The transfer projection extends substantially perpendicularly, particularly at the first and / or second contact area of ​​the molded body, so that a building wall or floor / ceiling slab arranged above or below it overlaps the transfer projection laterally. Preferably, the at least one transfer projection formed at at least one contact area is at least partially covered by the elastic material layer according to the invention. Manufacturing tolerances between the transfer section and a corresponding recess in the building wall or the floor / ceiling slab, formed as a precast concrete element, can be compensated for in this way.

[0032] The building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab can also adapt to such protrusions by being cast, at least partially, and thus flowing alongside or between the protrusions before hardening.

[0033] Preferably, the first and / or second contact area has at least one profile element projecting from the first and / or second contact area to form the transmission projection, wherein the profile element is particularly covered by the material layer. The profile element projecting from the first and / or second contact area can absorb shear forces acting substantially parallel to the contact areas, which typically act in the longitudinal direction of a building wall, and introduce them into the modular form according to the invention and transfer them to the floor or ceiling slab arranged below or above it. In one embodiment of the modular form according to the invention, the first and / or second contact area is designed as a substantially flat bearing surface.The profile element, preferably formed in one piece at the first and / or second contact area, thus creates a kind of positive locking connection between the building wall, the formwork block, and the floor or ceiling slab in a substantially horizontal plane. This fixes the building wall relative to the floor or ceiling slab located below or above it by the proposed formwork block. For this purpose, the formwork block has profile elements at one or both contact areas of the formwork body. Preferably, more than one profile element, preferably two, three, or more profile elements, can be arranged at the first and / or second contact area.

[0034] Preferably, the profile elements run essentially transversely to the direction of extension of the building wall arranged above or below, in order to achieve a fixation of the building wall to the floor or ceiling slab in the longitudinal direction of the wall.

[0035] Preferably, the elastic material layer is arranged on a side surface of the transfer projection that projects at an angle of approximately 30 to 90° to the contact area. This allows for movement between the formwork element and the adjacent building component in the horizontal direction of the contact area. Any potential deformation of a building wall due to temperature changes in the horizontal direction, which would generate corresponding shear forces in the horizontal direction, can be preferably compensated for by the elastic layer. Preferably, the elastic layer is arranged on vertically extending side faces of the transfer projection.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the material layer has surface areas with different degrees of hardness and / or elasticity. This allows different surface areas of the first and / or second contact area on the molded body to exhibit different damping properties in the connection area to an adjacent building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab. This allows the force transmission in the contact areas between the molded block and the building wall or floor or ceiling slab to be adjusted. In particular, the spring stiffness of the molded block can thus be specifically modified and adapted to the technical requirements of the wall system. In a preferred embodiment of the molded block according to the invention, the transmission projections have contact surfaces that are essentially designed for shear transmission.For such contact surfaces, an elastic material layer is provided which has a higher degree of hardness than material layers of other surface areas, such as horizontally extending surfaces of at least one of the contact areas and / or a transmission projection.

[0037] According to a further development of the invention, the thickness of the material layer varies in the area of ​​a transmission projection at the first and / or second contact area compared to other surface areas of the contact areas. Preferably, the material layer at a transmission projection projecting at the first and / or second contact area has a greater or lesser thickness compared to a particularly adjacent surface area of ​​the contact areas. This allows the properties of the material layer to be adjusted with regard to thermal and acoustic decoupling. Furthermore, different layer thicknesses can be used to selectively influence the force transmission between the precast concrete element and the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab. In particular, the thickness of the material layer can vary depending on the orientation of the surface area to be covered by the material layer at the contact area.Preferably, surface areas of, in particular, a transmission projection extending from or projecting at the contact area, which run obliquely or vertically at the contact area, are provided with a layer thickness of the material layer that is different, preferably less, than that of the horizontally running surface areas at the contact area.

[0038] In a further embodiment, the molded block, preferably its molded body, comprises at least one passage for a tension element extending from the first contact area to the second contact area. With the aid of this passage, a tension element can be guided, in particular vertically, through the molded block. After completion of a building section, this tension element extends from a building wall through the molded block according to the invention into a floor or ceiling slab. With the aid of the tension element, tensile forces can then be transmitted between the building components in order to fix and / or stabilize the building components relative to each other in the vertical direction. At least one passage, preferably several passages, is provided in the molded block.In one embodiment, the penetration areas are penetration openings in the prefabricated modular unit suitable for the subsequent insertion of tension elements on a construction site, such as a steel tension element, also known as reinforcing steel, a threaded rod, or a tension element made of fiber-reinforced composite materials. In another embodiment, stainless steel is used to form the tension element.

[0039] In another embodiment, the tension elements are cast into the molded block, preferably made of concrete, during its production. The tension elements are already mounted in the molded block, and the completed molded block, preferably with the tension elements cast into it, is delivered to a construction site. Preferably, the passage area has a clear opening that is larger than the outer dimensions of the tension element. Preferably, the ratio of the clear opening of the passage area to the outer dimension, in particular the outer diameter of the tension element, is in the range of 1.1 to 6.

[0040] Preferably, according to a further embodiment of the mold block according to the invention, a sealing element for the tensioning element is provided, fixedly arranged in the penetration area, and preferably made of an elastic material. The sealing element is thus preferably an integral part of the mold block, which is arranged in the then open penetration area (penetration opening), particularly during the manufacturing of the mold block. In a preferred embodiment, the inner wall surface of the penetration area is defined by the sealing element. Preferably, the mold body of the mold block forms a positive connection with the sealing element arranged in the penetration area. This prevents the sealing element from being unintentionally pulled out of the penetration area in the longitudinal direction.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sealing body is designed as a sleeve body and comprises an elastic material whose inner diameter expands when the pulling element is passed through the passage area. The inner surface of the sealing body, designed as a sleeve body, rests against the pulling element as it passes through the passage area.

[0042] Preferably, the molded body is made essentially of a concrete material, preferably of an ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete. In one embodiment of the invention, the concrete used to form the molded body preferably has a thermal conductivity of more than 1.6 watts per meter Kelvin (W / m*K). The concrete used to form the molded body is preferably not lightweight concrete and / or, in particular, does not have significant thermal insulation properties. In particular, all penetration openings in the molded body are encased or surrounded by the concrete material, thereby giving the molded body its necessary compressive strength in the penetration area. The fiber-reinforced concrete used preferably has steel fibers with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, particularly preferably 0.16 mm to 0.24 mm.

[0043] A further development of the mold component according to the invention provides that at least one insulating body section is arranged in the mold body and / or on areas of the mold body. The insulating effect of the mold component according to the invention can be further increased by means of the insulating body section arranged within the mold body and / or on outer surface areas of the mold body.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the insulating body section has the shape of a cuboid, which is completely enclosed within the molded body, consisting of a mineral building material such as concrete. In another embodiment, alternatively or additionally to the insulating body section enclosed by the molded body, a further insulating body section is provided, which is arranged particularly on the side faces of the molded body, so that the molded body lies within an insulating cuboid and is at least partially enclosed by insulating sections. Preferably, the insulating body sections are made of insulating foam. EPS, PUR, and XPS composites are preferred materials. This allows for the creation of an insulating body or insulating section with good insulating properties combined with high weather resistance and resistance to common building materials.

[0045] According to a preferred embodiment, the mineral building material has a σ / λ ratio greater than 10, preferably greater than 20, and particularly preferably greater than 45. The building material used to form the molded body has a ratio between its compressive strength and its thermal conductivity that is at least greater than 10. Since λ is greater than 1.6 W / mK, the compressive strength is at least greater than 16 N / mm², preferably greater than 32 N / mm², and particularly preferably greater than 72 N / mm², which was determined by means of a compressive strength test on a test cube (cube compressive strength) or on cylindrical test specimens (cylindrical compressive strength), whereby predetermined conversion factors must be taken into account between the two compressive strength tests for a direct comparison due to the different geometries of the test specimens.

[0046] Furthermore, the invention relates to a building section comprising a floor or ceiling slab, a building wall arranged substantially vertically on or under the floor or ceiling slab, and at least one inventive building block arranged between the floor or ceiling slab and the building wall according to one of the embodiments described above.

[0047] In the connection area between the building wall and the floor or ceiling slab, at least one shaped component is thus arranged. Preferably, several shaped components are provided there, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, the connection area is formed entirely from the shaped components according to the invention. With several shaped components, these thus form an arrangement of shaped components, wherein the shaped components are arranged in a row one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the building wall between this and the floor or ceiling slab arranged below or above it.

[0048] Here too, the application of a material layer with elastic properties is proposed. This improves the force transmission from the building wall to the underlying floor or ceiling slab, or from the floor or ceiling slab to the building wall below. Furthermore, depending on the layer thickness, the elastomer layer can preferably improve the thermal and / or acoustic decoupling of the building components within the building section.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the building section has at least one tension element extending between the building wall and the floor or ceiling slab through the formwork block. By means of one, or preferably several, such tension elements, tensile forces acting within the building section can be reliably absorbed and transmitted through the formwork block(s). Furthermore, the transmission of shear forces acting longitudinally along the building wall can be further improved by means of the tension elements acting in the vertical direction.

[0050] The preferred embodiments and further developments described for the molded building block according to the invention are also preferred embodiments of the building section according to the invention.

[0051] The invention is described in more detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures. These figures show: Fig. 1 shows a sectional view from the side of an embodiment of a building section according to the invention; Fig. 2 shows a view of an embodiment of a molded component according to the invention; Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a building section according to the invention in a sectional view; Fig. 4 shows an enlarged view of a contact area according to an embodiment according to the invention; Fig. 5 shows an enlarged view of a contact area according to a further embodiment; and Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of a molded component according to the invention.

[0052] Figure 1Figure 1 shows a building section 100 according to the invention in a sectional view. The building section 100 comprises a floor or ceiling slab 110, a prefabricated block 1 arranged on the floor or ceiling slab 110, and a load-bearing concrete wall 120 arranged above the prefabricated block 1. Both the floor or ceiling slab 100 and the load-bearing concrete wall 120 are provided with reinforcement (not shown in detail), which is arranged inside the floor or ceiling slab and the building wall, respectively. Vertically acting compressive forces D are transferred from the building wall 120 by the prefabricated block 1, which are then dissipated into the wall. Figure 2 The lines shown are transferred to the floor or ceiling slab 110.

[0053] Furthermore, several implementation areas 10 extend into the molded body 2 of the molded component 1, as Figure 1 Illustrates several train elements 130. The implementation areas 10 are in Figure 2The tension elements 130 extend from the floor or ceiling slab 110 through the formwork block 1 to the vertically running building wall 120. Vertically directed tensile forces can be transferred from the building wall 120 to the floor or ceiling slab 110 and in the opposite direction by means of the tension elements 130.

[0054] The formwork block 1 has a molded body 2 made of a mineral building material, such as a concrete material, wherein the concrete material is a non-thermally insulating concrete with a thermal conductivity λ greater than 1.6 W / mK. The molded body 2 has a first contact area 4 facing the floor or ceiling slab and a second contact area 6 facing the building wall 120. The first contact area 4 is designed as a bearing surface and the second contact area of ​​the molded body as a support surface, which are essentially parallel to each other. In this embodiment, at least one insulating element 8 is arranged inside the molded body 2, which, as Figure 1 indicates that it extends parallel between the first and second contact areas 4, 6.

[0055] In Figure 2Figure 1 shows a molded component 1 according to the invention, the molded body 2 of which has a substantially rectangular first and second contact area 4, 6. The molded body 2 forms a base surface at the first and second contact areas, which can also be referred to here as the contact surface and bearing surface, respectively. This base surface is determined by the outer dimensions of the molded body, in particular by its side lengths a and b. Furthermore, the molded body 2 has passage areas 10 that extend from the first contact area 4 to the second contact area 6.

[0056] The penetration areas 10, designed as penetration openings, are equipped to accommodate tension elements 130 ( Figure 1) to accommodate, namely a tensile element 130 extending through the respective penetration area. The penetration area 10 can have a clear dimension that is larger by a predetermined amount than the outer dimensions, in particular the outer diameter of the tensile element 130. The resulting cavity between the wall surface of the penetration area 10 and the surface of the tensile element 130 can be filled with a potting compound (not shown). Preferably, the cavity between the wall surface of the penetration area 10 and the surface of the tensile element 130 is completely filled over the entire height of the molded body from the first contact area 4 to the second contact area 6.

[0057] How Figure 2Furthermore, as shown, at least one transmission projection 12, 12' is arranged on the surface of the first and / or second contact area 4, 6. The transmission projection 12, 12' is designed as a type of profile element, which is preferably formed integrally with the molded body 2. The transmission projections are used in particular to transfer shear forces acting between the building wall 120 and the floor or ceiling slab 110.

[0058] To improve the force transmission at the first and / or second contact area 4, 6 to the building wall 120 or to the floor or ceiling slab 10, a material layer 14, 14' made of an elastic material is provided at least partially at the first and / or second contact area. Figure 2 To clarify, the material layers can cover only partial areas of the first and / or second contact area 4, 6 or can completely cover the first and / or second contact area.

[0059] As in Figure 2 Furthermore, as shown, at least one insulating body section 8 is arranged inside the molded body 2.

[0060] Figure 3 Figure 1 shows a further embodiment of a building section 100' according to the invention in a sectional view with a floor or ceiling slab 110, a shaped building block 1' arranged on the floor or ceiling slab 110 and a load-bearing building wall 120 arranged above the shaped building block 1'. The illustration in Figure 3 The floor or ceiling slab 110 and the load-bearing concrete building wall 120 shown have reinforcement, not shown in detail, inside the floor or ceiling slab 110 and the building wall 120, respectively. The formwork block 1' comprises a formwork body 2', through which vertically acting compressive forces are transferred, similar to those on the formwork body 2 in Fig. 2 , transferred from the building wall 120 to the floor or ceiling slab 110.

[0061] How Figure 3As further illustrated, several tension elements 130 run through the penetration areas 10' in the formwork block 1'. These tension elements 130, extending from the floor or ceiling slab 110 through the formwork block 1' to the vertically running building wall 120, are designed to transmit tensile forces acting in a vertical direction and hold the superimposed building sections 110, 120 at a predetermined distance from one another. The formwork block 1' can be installed in the formwork body 2', similar to the following: Fig. 2 shown to have an insulating section or body 8.

[0062] The shaped body 2' of the molded block 1' is made of a mineral building material, namely non-thermally insulating concrete. The shaped body 2' has a base surface 4 and a bearing surface 6, each with a substantially vertically projecting transfer projection 22, 22'. At least one passage 10' extends through the shaped body 2' for the tension element. The transfer projection 22, 22' is formed integrally with the shaped body 2' as a type of profile element. The transfer projections 22, 22' have vertically extending side surfaces or flanks 24, which are located in the Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, the areas are partially covered by a material layer 26 with elastic properties. In the embodiment shown, the Fig. 5The flat surface 16, 16' of the molded body 2' is not covered by the elastic layer. The material layer 26 serves, in particular in the longitudinal direction of a building wall 120 to be arranged on the molded block 1', to compensate for shear forces in its longitudinal or horizontal direction and allows relative movement depending on the layer thickness between the building wall 120 and the floor or ceiling slab 110.

[0063] Figure 4Figure 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the molded body 2 at the first and / or second contact area 4, 6. The contact area 4, 6 has transfer projections 12, 12' designed as profile elements and is configured here as an interlocking joint with parallel, offset surfaces 16, 16' and flanks 18 running obliquely to them. The interlocking joint at the contact area 4, 6 allows for a positive fit between the contact areas 4, 6 of the molded component and a floor or ceiling panel 110 or the building wall 120 arranged above it. The same or a different configuration can also be provided on the underside. The surface of the contact area 4, 6 is covered with a material layer with elastic properties, which, in the embodiment shown, has different layer thicknesses, for example, in a range from 1 mm to approximately 20 mm.

[0064] Preferably, an elastomer is used as the material layer 20, which is compressed when a force is applied and returns almost to its original shape after the force acting on the elastomer is removed. How Fig. 4 As further shown, the thickness of the material layer 20 varies. In the illustrated embodiment, the layer thickness above the surface 16' forming the base of the toothed joint is greater than the layer thickness above the inclined flank 18, which forms the tooth flanks, and the surface 16 forming the head of the toothed joint. Furthermore, the different sections of the material layer on the various surfaces / flanks 16, 16', 18 can exhibit different elasticities or degrees of hardness.

[0065] The Figure 5The illustrated embodiment of a molded body 2' has a contact area 4, 6 which has one or more transmission projections 22 projecting from the surface of the molded body 2'. The transmission projection(s) 22 are designed as a type of cuboid material projection which is formed integrally with the molded body. In contrast to the one shown in Figure 4In the illustrated embodiment, the transfer projection 22 has flanks 24 extending substantially perpendicular to the base surface at the contact area 4, 6. This ensures a secure positive fit between the formwork element 1 and a floor or ceiling panel 110 or the building wall 120 to be brought into contact with it. The positive fit, and thus the transmission of shear forces, can also be guaranteed if the building wall or the floor or ceiling panel moves vertically to the contact area of ​​the formwork element 1. The vertical flank shape of the transfer projection 22 ensures a permanent positive fit.

[0066] In the Fig. 5 In the embodiment shown in the left section of the image, a material layer 26 with elastic properties is applied to surfaces 16, 16' and flank 24 of the transmission projection 22 at the contact area 4, 6, which has a uniform layer thickness there. In the embodiment shown in the right section of the image, Fig. 4 In the illustrated embodiment, instead of the entire contact area 4, 6, for example only the flanks 24 of the transmission projection 22 of the shaped body 2' are covered with the material layer 26 made of elastic material.

[0067] Figure 6 Figure 1 shows a precast concrete block 1" with a precast body 2" made of a concrete material, which has a substantially rectangular shape in the area of ​​its contact surfaces 4, 6 with a respective base plate or building wall. In contrast to the one in Figure 2In the embodiment shown, the molded body 2" has a material constriction 28 in cross-section along its height in at least one of its principal longitudinal directions. The molded body 2" of the molded block 1" has, in particular in a cross-section extending transversely to the longitudinal side a', an outer contour that tapers from the contact area 4 to approximately the center of the molded block, preferably uniformly, and which preferably widens again uniformly from the center of the molded block to the contact area 6 of the molded block. The longitudinal sides a' of the molded body 2" thus have a kind of wedge-shaped depression.

[0068] Preferably the in Figure 6The molded component 1" shown comprises two insulating body sections 30, 30' extending to both longitudinal sides a' of the molded body 2" and connected to or inserted into the surface areas of the wedge-shaped recesses on the molded body 2". The insulating body sections 30, 30' define at least the outer dimensions of the molded component 1" in the direction of its side length b. In the present embodiment, the insulating body sections 30, 30' have the same height as the molded body 2" between the two contact areas 4, 6. The insulating body sections are preferably made of an insulating foam, such as EPS, PUR, or XPS.

[0069] The Figure 6The mold block 1" shown further features substantially vertically projecting transfer projections 22' at its contact areas 4, 6 of the mold body 2", which, in the illustrated embodiment, have a cuboid shape. The dimensions of the transfer projection in the direction of the longitudinal side a' and in the direction of the longitudinal side b' of the mold block 1" are smaller than the dimensions of the mold body 2" at the level of the contact areas. The length of the transfer projection is defined as its dimension in the direction of, or parallel to, the longitudinal side a' of the mold block. The width of the transfer projection is defined as its dimension parallel to the longitudinal side b' of the mold block 1". The length of the transfer projection 22' has a ratio to the length of the mold block of approximately 0.5 to 0.9.The width of the transmission projection 22' has a ratio of approximately 0.3 to 0.8 to the width of the shaped body 2" at the level of the contact areas. The contact areas 4, 6 and the transmission projections have a material layer with elastic properties for force transmission to or from the building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab.

[0070] In the illustrated embodiment, the molded body 2" and the transmission projections 22' projecting at the contact areas 4, 6 have two passage areas, each for a tension element 130. In the illustrated embodiment, the tension elements 130 are cast directly into the molded body 2" and the transmission projections 22'. The tension elements 130 are cast directly into the molded body 2" and the projecting transmission projections 22' during the manufacture of the molded block, preferably using a concrete material. Reference sign list

[0071] 1, 1', 1" Mold block 2, 2', 2" Molded body 4, 6 Contact area 8 Insulating body section 10 Penetration area 12, 12' Transfer projection 14, 14' Material layer 16, 16' Surface 18 Flank 20 Material layer 22, 22' Transfer projection 24 Flank 26 Material layer 28 Material constriction 30, 30' Insulating body sections 100 Building section 110 Floor or ceiling slab 120 Building wall 130 Tension element

Claims

1. Moulded building block (1) for arrangement between a building wall (120), which is provided with reinforcement and is made of concrete, and a floor slab or ceiling slab (110), which is provided with reinforcement and is made of concrete, for supporting the building wall (120) on the floor slab or ceiling slab (110) and / or for supporting the ceiling slab (110) on the building wall (120), comprising - a moulded body (2) made of a mineral building material, having - a first contact region (4) for putting the moulded body (2) on the floor slab or ceiling slab (110) or above the building wall (120), and - a second contact region (6), which extends substantially parallel to the first contact region (4) and is intended for the building wall (110) to be placed thereon or the ceiling slab (110) to be put thereon, wherein, on at least one of its contact regions (4, 6), the moulded body (2) at least partially comprises a material layer (14, 14', 20, 26) with elastic properties for the transmission of force from or to the building wall and / or floor slab or ceiling slab, characterized in that at least one transmitting projection (12, 22) for absorbing and transmitting shear forces acting in the longitudinal direction of the building wall (120) into the floor slab or ceiling slab (110) arranged above or below the building wall is provided on the first and / or second contact region (4, 6).

2. Moulded building block (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that - the material layer (14, 14', 20, 26) is or comprises an elastomer and / or in that - the material layer (14, 14', 20, 26) covers more than 20%, preferably more than 30%, particularly preferably more than 40% of a contact surface formed at the contact area.

3. Moulded building block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the moulded body (2), comprises at least one deflection space adjacent to the material layer with elastic properties, in order to allow the material layer with elastic properties to deflect into this deflection space when this material layer is subjected to a compressive load, wherein the material layer with elastic properties preferably is not or is only slightly compressible.

4. Moulded building block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a or the at least one deflection space - is completely or partially filled with a flexible material, which permits the material with elastic properties to deflect into the deflection space, in particular in that the flexible material is in the form of a foamed material, and / or - completely or partially surrounds the material with elastic properties substantially at least in a plane, in particular in that the flexible material completely or partially surrounds the material with elastic properties substantially at least in the plane.

5. Moulded building block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one transmitting projection preferably in each case is in the form of a profile element and further preferably is covered by the material layer.

6. Moulded building block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material layer (26) is arranged on a side face (24), protruding from the contact region at an angle of approximately 30° to 90°, of the transmitting projection (12, 22) provided on the first and / or second contact region (4, 6).

7. Moulded building block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the moulded building block, preferably the moulded body (2), has at least one passage region (10), which extends in particular from the first contact region (4) to the second contact region (6), for a tension element (130).

8. Moulded building block (1) according to Claim 7, characterized by a sealing body for the tension element (130), which sealing body is arranged fixedly in the passage region (10) and is preferably made of an elastic material.

9. Moulded building block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the moulded body (2) is substantially made of a concrete material, preferably an ultra-high strength fibre-reinforced concrete.

10. Moulded building block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one insulating body portion (8) is arranged in the moulded body (2) and / or on regions of the moulded body, wherein preferably the moulded body is surrounded by the at least one insulating body portion, in particular forms an insulating collar.

11. Moulded building block (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mineral building material has a sigma / lambda ratio of greater than 10, preferably greater than 20, particularly preferably greater than 45.

12. Building section (100) comprising - a floor slab or ceiling slab (110), - a building wall (120) arranged substantially vertically on or under the floor slab or ceiling slab (110), respectively, - at least one moulded building block (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 11 arranged between the floor slab or ceiling slab (110) and the building wall (120), wherein the building section is in particular characterized by a tension element (130) extending through the moulded building block (1) between the building wall (120) and the floor slab or ceiling slab (110).

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