Formwork for producing finished concrete parts

Abstract

Formwork (1) for the production of precast concrete elements with projections, in particular knobs or pyramids, comprising two side parts (3.1, 3.2) with a height H and an upper (5) and a lower part (7) with a length L and a width B, characterized in that the upper (5) and / or the lower part (7) comprise indentations (30) or protrusions (20) which are essentially congruent to the shape of the projections, in particular knobs or pyramids, and at least the upper part (5) and / or the lower part (7) is designed to be displaceable along the height H of the side part.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a formwork for the production of precast concrete elements.

[0002] A disadvantage of formwork for the production of precast concrete elements as currently used was that a separate formwork had to be manufactured for each precast concrete element with different dimensions, both in terms of size and shape. Another disadvantage of the prior art was that precast concrete elements always had smooth surfaces, so that stacked precast concrete elements were held together only by friction. This then led to stacked precast concrete elements of conventional design, which were only connected by friction, easily sliding off each other, leading to the collapse of the stacked precast concrete elements.

[0003] DE 806 344 B discloses a mold frame for producing artificial stone. The mold frame known from DE 806 344 B comprises movable mold walls, which have projections and recesses. The movable mold walls according to DE 806 344 B serve to ensure that freshly formed stones can be removed without damage. Wood is used as the material for the mold frame according to DE 806 344 B. DE 806 344 B makes no statements about the exact design of the projections and recesses. The material thicknesses of the mold frame are also not specified.

[0004] DE 133 846 B shows an adjustable mold frame for the production of cement boards. Projections and recesses are not shown in DE 133 846 B.

[0005] DE 199 60 461 A1 shows a frame with rigidly connected side walls with which large concrete blocks can be produced.

[0006] US 5,332,191 A also shows a frame with side walls that can be moved relative to each other for the production of concrete parts.

[0007] Neither DE 199 60 461 A1 nor US 5,332,191 A disclose any projections or depressions.

[0008] From DE 100 02 390 A1, a shaped concrete block with at least two support surfaces on the top and bottom, offset in steps and running parallel to each other, has become known.

[0009] US-A-2522603 discloses a formwork for producing precast concrete elements with projections by pouring liquid concrete into the formwork, comprising two side parts and an upper and a lower part, wherein the upper and / or the lower part comprise indentations and / or bulges that are substantially congruent with the shape of the projections, and at least the upper part and / or the lower part is designed to be displaceable along the height of the side part or to be fastened at different heights of the side part. .

[0010] The object of the invention is to provide a formwork for precast concrete elements, whereby the precast concrete elements can be easily stacked on top of each other and are firmly positioned. In particular, the precast concrete elements should not merely engage with each other by friction when stacked, but should be significantly more stable. Furthermore, it should be possible to produce precast concrete elements that differ completely in height and width.

[0011] According to the invention, this object of the invention is achieved by a formwork for producing precast concrete elements according to claim 1. According to the invention, the precast concrete elements have projections.

[0012] Furthermore, the formwork according to the invention comprises at least two side elements with a height H and a cover and a lower part with a length L and a width B, wherein the cover and / or the lower part is characterized in that indentations and / or bulges are provided which are substantially congruent with the shape of the projections of the precast concrete element.

[0013] In order to produce completely different precast concrete elements, the invention provides that the cover and / or the lower part with the bulges and indentations is designed to be displaceable along the height of the side part.

[0014] The ability to move the side panel along the height H is achieved by suspending the upper and lower sections, or the cover and / or lower sections, into the side panel at different heights, for example, in openings recessed into the side panel. This makes it possible to provide different formwork heights, particularly in the range from 100 mm to 5000 mm, preferably in the range from 100 mm to 2000 mm, and preferably from 300 mm to 1200 mm.

[0015] This means that the height of the precast concrete element produced in the formwork can be between 100 mm and 2000 mm, preferably between 300 mm and 1200 mm.

[0016] According to the invention, the projections are in the form of trapezoidal or round studs. Round studs, in particular, have the advantage that different precast concrete elements can be very easily stacked on top of each other due to the symmetry of the round studs, and any tilting or twisting of stacked precast concrete elements can be easily compensated for.

[0017] The material thickness in the area of ​​the upper and / or lower part for the trapezoidal knobs or the round knobs is in the range 1 to 10 mm, preferably 2 to 10 mm, in particular 2 to 4 mm.

[0018] A material thickness of 1 to 10 mm, in particular 2 to 10 mm, has the advantage that the cover and / or base part has sufficient stability, which is particularly advantageous during the pouring process of the concrete, in particular the liquid concrete, into the formwork according to the invention. If the material thickness is less than 1 mm, the formwork can warp during the pouring process. If the material thickness is too great, the formwork is too heavy. A material thickness of 2 to 10 mm is therefore an inventive selection that, on the one hand, provides sufficient stability with low weight, and on the other hand, prevents the formwork from warping, for example, during the pouring process. In addition, formwork with this type of material thickness is still lightweight, cost-effective, and easy to handle.

[0019] High stability of stacked precast concrete elements is achieved when the round or trapezoidal studs have a diameter in the range of 60 to 200 mm. Round studs also provide a certain degree of stability to the cover and / or base, which is preferably designed as a sheet metal part, especially a sheet metal surface. Furthermore, round studs allow the precast concrete elements manufactured in the formwork to be stacked more easily and centered more precisely.

[0020] As an alternative to precast concrete elements that can be stacked on top of each other, it is also possible to obtain a precast concrete element that can be used, for example, as a bench, slope reinforcement, or garden wall. For this purpose, it is particularly advantageous if the formwork has a conventional cover and base section, as well as an L-shaped insert, preferably with a material thickness of 2 to 10 mm.

[0021] Particularly preferred is one of the following materials for the cover and base or the L-shaped insert and the side part: Steel Stainless steel Aluminium Plastic Wood

[0022] The materials have the following advantages: steel is cost-effective, easy to handle, flexible and durable.

[0023] Stainless steel in particular is characterized by its exceptional durability.

[0024] Aluminum, on the other hand, is very light and therefore very flexible in its use.

[0025] Like wood, plastic is a very cost-effective material.

[0026] To provide the greatest possible variability for the precast concrete elements produced using the formwork, it is advantageous for the height of the side part to be in the range of 100 mm to 5000 mm, preferably 1000 mm to 5000 mm. It is particularly preferred if the height of the side part is in the range of 100 mm to 2000 mm. If the height H of the side part is within the specified range, it is possible to obtain formwork and thus precast concrete elements of different heights by suspending the cover or upper and / or lower parts at different heights of the side part.

[0027] The length L of the formwork, i.e., the length of the upper and / or lower sections, can be between 200 mm and 10,000 mm. Widths of 3,000 mm to 6,000 mm are also possible. Precast concrete elements manufactured in such a formwork then have heights of between 100 mm and 2,000 mm and lengths of between 200 mm and 10,000 mm. The width B of the precast concrete element is determined by the width B of the side section and the upper and / or lower sections. The width B of the side section is in the range 100 mm to 6,000 mm, preferably between 200 mm and 4,000 mm, in particular between 400 mm and 1,000 mm.

[0028] In order to fix the displaced cover and / or lower parts in the formwork at a specific height for the production of a specific precast concrete element, it can be provided that the cover and / or lower part are securely locked at a specific height of the side part with a bolt-wedge lock.

[0029] In In a further developed embodiment of the invention, at least one intermediate part is provided between the upper and lower parts, wherein the intermediate part is designed to be movable between the upper and lower parts. This movable feature allows the distance between the upper and lower parts to be adjusted and thus the size of the precast concrete elements to be formed and inserted into the formwork.

[0030] In a first embodiment, the intermediate part between the upper and lower parts has a distance of 300 mm to 800 mm, preferably 400 mm to 700 mm. Furthermore, the intermediate part has both indentations and bulges, so that the precast concrete elements that are removed from the formwork have studs and indentations corresponding to the studs on the underside of the precast concrete element, so that the precast concrete elements produced in this way can be stacked on top of one another. During stacking, the studs then engage in the indentations, for example, so that the concrete parts are stacked on top of one another with a form fit and not just a friction fit as in the prior art. In a further developed embodiment, more than one intermediate part can be provided between the upper and lower parts, so that, for example, when two intermediate parts are used in one formwork, three precast concrete parts can be produced.

[0031] The invention will be described below with reference to the figures by way of example without limitation thereto.

[0032] They show: Fig. 1a: a cross-section of a formwork according to the invention with cover and base Fig. 1b1 and 1b2: side view of the formwork from Fig. 1a Fig. 1c: Top view with cover part of a formwork according to Fig. 1a Fig. 1d:Lower part of a formwork according to Fig. 1a Fig. 2:Formwork in three-dimensional view Fig.3a:Individual parts of a formwork according to Fig. 1a - Fig. 2 with precast concrete element manufactured in the formwork Fig. 3b - 3d: Precast concrete element manufactured in a formwork according to Fig. 3a Fig. 4:L-shaped precast concrete element produced with the help of an insert in three-dimensional view Fig. 5:Individual parts of a formwork for the production of an L-shaped precast concrete element according to Fig. 4 Fig. 6a - 6b: Formwork with an intermediate part

[0033] Fig. 1a shows a cross-section through a formwork 1 consisting of two side parts, 3.1, 3.2 as well as a cover or upper part 5 and a lower part 7. The two side parts 3.1, 3.2 as well as the upper part 5 and the lower part 7 together result in the formwork into which a flowable mass, for example a concrete mass, can be poured. The concrete mass is introduced into the free space 10 between the individual formwork elements, i.e. the side part in 3.1, 3.2 as well as the lower part 7 and the upper part 5. If the formwork 1 according to the invention is removed, a concrete part is obtained which has the outer contour predetermined by the formwork. According to the invention, it is provided that the cover part 5 and the lower part 7 have bulges 20 on the lower part and indentations 30, which are designed to be congruent with the bulges of the lower part 7, on the cover or upper part 5. Due to the indentations 30 andThe prefabricated element produced with the formwork 1 according to the invention comprises corresponding bulges or indentations of the bulges 20, so that prefabricated concrete elements produced with the aid of the formwork 1 according to the invention can be stacked on top of one another very easily and securely. For this purpose, as described above, the concrete mass to be formed is introduced into the free space 10 between the two side parts 3.1, 3.2 and the upper part 5 and lower part 7. In the present form, the indentations 30 or bulges are designed as quadrangular pyramids. The quadrangular pyramids are identified by reference numeral 100 and are very clearly visible in the plan view of the cover or upper part 5 and the lower part 7. In the example shown, the width of the quadrangular pyramid is approximately 150 mm, and the height 120 mm.The four upwardly extending sides of the pyramid are clearly visible in the top view of the upper and lower sections and are designated by the reference numerals 102.1, 102.2, 102.3, and 102.4. A plateau 104 is formed in the center of the pyramid, as shown, for example, in the side view according to FIG. Fig. 1a Due to the formwork's dimensions, with a flexible height H, preferably between 100 mm and 2000 mm, and a length L of preferably 200 mm to 10,000 mm, it is possible to easily produce precast concrete elements with a height of 100 mm to 2000 mm and a length of 200 mm to 10,000 mm. The width B of the precast concrete element is between 100 mm and 6,000 mm. The weight of a precast concrete element with the dimensions L = 1,800 mm, W = 600 mm, H = 1,200 mm is 3,109 kg.

[0034] While the Fig. 1c und 1d the cover or upper part 5 and the lower part 7 are shown in the Figuren 1b1 und 1b 2 Side parts 3.1, 3.2 and the side plates of the formwork are shown. The side parts are marked with reference numbers 3.1, 3.2 and are clearly visible in the three-dimensional view according to Fig. 2 The side parts 3.1, 3.2, in the form of continuous sheets, have a plurality of holes 180.1, 180.2, etc., into which the upper part or cover part 5 can be suspended and thus fixed in position. If the lower part 7 is rigidly connected to the side part, then the upper part 5 is designed to be movable along the height of the side part. The upper part 5 can be suspended in the openings provided at various heights in the side part 3.1, 3.2, in particular holes 180.1, 180.2, in order to produce precast concrete elements of different heights using one and the same formwork. The locking of the upper part 5 in the bores 180.1, 180.2 in the side part 3.1, 3.2 is carried out with a bolt-wedge locking in a secure manner at the height of the respective openings or bores 180.1, 180.2 In this way, precast concrete elements can be manufactured very easily in different heights without having to exchange formwork parts.This allows the same side panels to be used for precast concrete elements of different heights. The width of the precast concrete elements is determined by the length of the upper, cover, and / or lower sections. Here, too, different lengths of upper, cover, and / or lower sections can be used.

[0035] In Fig. 2 The formwork according to the invention, consisting of two side parts 3.1, 3.2, as well as upper and lower parts 5 and 7, is shown in a three-dimensional view. Clearly visible is the free space 10, into which liquid concrete material is poured to produce the precast concrete elements.

[0036] Fig. 3a shows the individual parts of the formwork, as well as the precast concrete element produced from liquid concrete in the formwork. The sides of the precast concrete element, which are created by resting on the side parts 3.1, 3.2, are designated 503.1 and 503.2. The surface of the precast concrete element, created with the help of the upper part 5, with studs, is designated 505, and the studs are designated 500. The studs 500 are created by the bulges / indentations in the upper and lower parts 5, 7 of the formwork when liquid concrete is poured into the formwork. Corresponding to the studs 500, the underside of the precast concrete element has indentations or impressions, not shown here, into which the studs 500 engage. For this purpose, the lower part 7 has bulges 20. To bulge the studs 505 on the top side of the precast concrete element, the upper part has a corresponding indentation (not shown). Fig. 3b shows a side view of the precast concrete element cast in the formwork, Fig. 3c a front view and Fig. 3d a top view. Fig 3b bis 3d have the same reference numbers as Fig. 3a The upper part 5 can be inserted or locked into the openings or holes of the side part at different heights, so that precast concrete elements of different heights H can be easily manufactured using one and the same side part and the lower part of the formwork with a movable upper part. Figur 3d shows the elevations of the precast concrete element as four-sided pyramids, each pyramid having side surfaces 102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4.

[0037] In Fig. 4 A product is shown that can be obtained by using an L-shaped insert in the formwork with two side parts 3.1, 3.2 and lower part 7. In the case of the L-shaped insert (see Fig. 5 ) is preferably a product that can be used as a bench 200 or slope reinforcement, for example on garden walls. The width B of the bench is given by the width of the upper or lower part and is between 200 and 800 mm, preferably between 500 mm. The height H is in the range from 500 mm to 1500 mm, preferably approximately 1000 mm, and the height HC is in the range from 100 mm to 700 mm, preferably approximately 400 mm. The width of the backrest 210 created by the L-shaped insert is between 50 mm and 400 mm, preferably approximately 100 mm. The angle of incidence α of the backrest surface 210 relative to the standing surface is more than 90°, preferably between 95° and 120°.

[0038] In Figur 5 is a formwork 1 for the manufacture of a product according to Figur 4 shown. Same components as in Figur 1a bis 3a are assigned the same reference numbers. To assemble the precast concrete element as shown in Fig. 4 To provide the upper part 5 was different than in Fig. 3a The upper part 5 contains an L-shaped molded part or L-shaped insert 900 instead of indentations or in addition to the indentations. The lower part 7 is as in Fig. 3a with studs 20. The side parts 3.1, 3.2 are analogous to Fig. 3a The L-shaped components can be easily replaced by changing or exchanging the upper part with the same side parts and lower parts, as is the case for the production of precast concrete elements such as in Fig. 3b shown, are produced.

[0039] Clearly visible in the Fig. 1a - 3d and Fig. 5 Also included are the indentations and bulges of upper part 5 and lower part 7, which are designed as four-sided pyramids and lead to corresponding studs. The pyramids each have side surfaces 102.1, 102.2, 102.3, 102.4 and a top surface 104 as shown in Fig. 3d shown, on.

[0040] Instead of the pyramid-shaped elevations and depressions or

[0041] Round studs can also be used for bulges and indentations in the upper or lower sections. The advantage of round studs is that different precast concrete elements can be placed on top of each other and centered very easily. The side panels of the formwork are preferably made of steel, stainless steel, aluminum, plastic, but also wood.

[0042] By moving the upper part 5, a precast concrete element can be produced in a very simple manner using one and the same formwork, which has different heights, preferably in the range 100 mm to 2,000 mm, in particular 300 mm to 1,200 mm.

[0043] In the Figuren 6a bis 6b a formwork according to the invention with an intermediate floor is shown. Fig. 6a shows a side view, Fig. 6b a top view. Same components as in the Figuren 1a bis 3d are assigned the same reference numerals. The upper part is designated 5, the lower part 7. The lower part 7 comprises protrusions 20, the upper part 5 indentations (not shown). In a further developed embodiment, an intermediate part, in this case an intermediate plate 1000, is arranged between the upper part 5 and the lower part 7. The intermediate plate 1000 has both protrusions 20 and indentations 30 (not shown). This makes it possible to Fig. 6a With the formwork shown with intermediate plate 1000, it is possible to produce two precast concrete elements in one formwork with upper part 5 and lower part 7. When using two intermediate parts, three concrete elements can be produced in one formwork, etc. The bulges and indentations can be made as before with the Figuren 1a bis 3d described and have the advantages described therein. The distance of the intermediate plate 1000 from the upper part 5 and / or lower part 7 to the intermediate plate 1000 is preferably 300 mm to 800 mm and is designated A 1 and A 2 respectively. The side parts are designated 3.1 and 3.2 respectively. The intermediate plate 1000 can be suspended in the side parts, for example, in holes. The distance of the intermediate plate 1000 to the upper part 5 can be changed differently from the distance to the lower part 7, so that precast concrete parts of different sizes can be produced. Figur 6b shows a top view of a formwork with intermediate plate analogous to a formwork without intermediate plate as in Fig. 1c Same components as in Fig. 1c are marked with the same reference numbers.

[0044] The invention provides, for the first time, a formwork that allows for the very simple production of precast concrete elements of different sizes, especially heights, since the insert or upper part of the formwork is variable in design. Furthermore, precast concrete elements with elevations and indentations, or elevations and depressions, are provided that can be easily stacked and offer secure support due to the positive locking of the elevations and indentations instead of merely a frictional fit.

Claims

1. Formwork (1) for producing precast concrete elements by a pouring process of liquid concrete into the formwork with protrusions in the form of trapezoidal studs or round studs, comprising - two side parts (3.1, 3.2) having a height H, - an upper part (5) and a lower part (7) having a length L and a width B, wherein the upper part (5) and / or the lower part (7) comprise indentations (30) and / or protrusions (20) in the form of trapezoidal studs or round studs, which are essentially congruent with the shape of the projections, and at least the upper part (5) and / or the lower part (7) is designed to be displaceable along the height H of the side part (3.1, 3.2) or to be fastened at different heights of the side part, wherein the trapezoidal studs or round studs have a material thickness of 2 to 10 mm and the upper and / or lower part is designed as sheet steel or stainless steel sheet.

2. Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the trapezoidal studs or round studs have a material thickness of 2 to 4 mm.

3. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that at least one intermediate plate (1000) with indentations (30) and protrusions (20) is arranged between the upper part (5) and the lower part (7).

4. Formwork according to claim 3, characterized in that the intermediate plate (1000) is designed to be movable along the height H of the side part.

5. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the intermediate plate (1000) has a first distance (A1) from the lower part and / or a second distance (A2) from the upper part or a third distance from a further intermediate plate.

6. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first (A1) and / or the second (A2) and / or the third distance is in the range of 200 mm to 2000 mm.

7. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the trapezoidal studs or round studs have a diameter of 20 to 300 mm.

8. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the formwork comprises a lower part (7) and the upper part (5) is designed as an L-shaped insert.

9. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the height H of the side parts (3.1, 3.2) is in the range of 100 to 5000 mm, and / or the width B of the side parts (3.1, 3.2) is in the range of 100 mm to 6000 mm.

10. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the length L of the upper and / or lower part is in the range of 200 mm to 10,000 mm.

11. Formwork according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the upper (5) and / or lower parts (7) that can be moved along the height H of the side part (3.1, 3.2) are securely locked at a specific height H of the side part by a bolt-wedge lock.

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