Stamping machine for stamping labels and covers

Abstract

The invention relates to a stamping machine for labels and covers comprising a servomotor as a driving element. The servomotor can be directly or indirectly connected to a spindle which causes the stamp to move forward in a linear manner.

Description

[0001] The subject matter of the invention is a punching machine for punching labels and lids according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

[0002] The invention further relates to a method for controlling the feed of the punch according to claim 21.

[0003] The punching of labels and flat lids is well known and is performed in various ways. On the one hand, the labels and lids, which are made of paper, cardboard, metal foils, or laminated materials such as metal and plastic, can be produced by a punching process with a linearly driven punching die, or on the other hand, between two rotating drums. The method described here only involves punching with a punching die against a die and, in particular, the punching of labels and lids from a continuously fed strip of raw material.

[0004] EP 1 790 470 A2 and CH 712 241 A2 describe methods and punching machines for punching labels and lids from strip material.

[0005] In conventional punching machines, the strip-like material is unwound or drawn off from a coil and fed between the punch and the die. One or more labels are punched out simultaneously per stroke. After the punching process, the resulting punched grid of the supplied strip is removed, rolled up onto a roller, or vacuumed off and chopped into small pieces.

[0006] Problems often occur with conventional punching machines when feeding the punching material step by step and removing the punching grid, as well as when driving the punching die, which can lead to production interruptions or defective punches.

[0007] Problems arise when feeding the material to be cut, particularly from elastic materials such as plastic film, as the tensions at the edges are not the same as in the center of the material to be cut, which can result in wrinkles forming during transport of the material to be cut (hereinafter referred to as film). These different tensions at the edges and in the center of the film depend on the film material used and / or the width of the film and / or the shape and size of the die-cuts. This means that, if at all possible, at the start of a new job, settings must be made to one or more of the interacting elements of the die-cutting machine to suit the properties of the film. This is time-consuming and requires highly trained personnel.

[0008] Removing the punched grid is difficult because the film is no longer solid but, due to a large number of punches, has the shape of a grid. This grid can contract significantly perpendicular to the pull-off direction when pulled off, thereby creating effects that extend into the punching tool. The wrinkling is primarily caused by large elastic strains in the edge areas and only small elastic strains in the middle of the solid piece of strip material. The different strains lead to lateral constriction in the solid piece of strip material and the associated wrinkling. The reason for the differences in strain between the edge and middle areas in the solid piece of strip material is that the punched grid with its holes locally interrupts the flow of force and typically transfers almost the entire strip tension in the edge areas.Suction extraction, which is often used as a pull-off process, causes the cutting grid to contract significantly, depending on the size and shape of the punched lids. This can lead to wrinkles within the punching tool or geometrically irregular die cuts. Furthermore, the cutting grid can collide with the punching die and / or other components as it advances through the punching tool. This leads to unwanted production interruptions and requires time-consuming manual intervention by personnel. Both processes are costly and reduce productivity and, potentially, the quality of the punched labels or lids.

[0009] Another disadvantage has proven to be the lack of flexibility regarding the timing of the punching stroke on existing punching machines. The eccentrically driven punching tools can only be adjusted manually, and only when the machine is at a standstill. This means that when changing the film material or even just the width of the film, the punching machine must always be manually adjusted to the new conditions.

[0010] Today, the foil strip is usually guided in the tool using so-called strip lifters. Such strip lifters have many unfavorable properties: The punches hit the strip lifters suddenly. This results in a shock that, at high cycle rates, generates considerable noise. Strip lifters are spring-mounted and therefore tend to vibrate or bounce. The strip lifters guide the strip in only one direction. Strip lifters only ensure a minimum clearance between the strip and the die; the distance between the strip and punch is not affected by the strip lifters. Strip lifters do not center the strip in the tool's opening gap.

[0011] Furthermore, access to the tool area is poorly addressed on current machines. Either mechanical structures block access, or the possible opening travel of the lifting and main drive is limited. Threading the material belt and cleaning the tool area are therefore laborious and inconvenient. Poor accessibility is usually accompanied by poor visibility into the tool area. Problems with belt transport are therefore difficult or impossible to detect.

[0012] Conventional feeders fail to achieve the required cycle rates or only pull the film at the edges. Since the pressing force between the two rollers can only be applied at their ends, to ensure even film compression, the rollers must either be extremely rigid or thickly rubberized. The inertia of such rollers is so high at the required strip widths that the servo drive systems available on the market are too weak. Large servo drive systems do not solve the problem, as their inherent inertia increases to such an extent that no external performance improvement results.

[0013] An object of the present invention is to create a punching machine that enables flawless, uninterrupted punching and, in particular, ensures flawless advancement of the foil to be punched to and into the punching device, as well as subsequent smooth removal of the unstable punched grid. Furthermore, the possibility of smoothly feeding the punched grid through and out of the punching device is to be created.

[0014] A further task is to be able to set and adjust the timing of the punching stroke at any time, in particular to adapt the timing of the insertion and removal into the film as well as the necessary punching forces of the film to be processed.

[0015] A further object of the invention is to provide a method with which the course of the punching stroke can be adapted to the properties of the film.

[0016] The problem is solved by the features of patent claims 1 and 24. Advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

[0017] The use of a servo motor to directly drive the punch instead of an eccentric drive not only allows the punch's insertion depth to be adjusted, but also, in particular, the timing of the punch's insertion and retraction, as well as the punch's holding time during the insertion phase. A spindle connected to or integrated into the servo motor enables extremely precise temporal implementation of different feed speeds and stroke profiles. The use of a servo motor and a spindle for the linear feed is low-maintenance. Mounting the spindle on a tool carriage ensures precise positioning of the punch. The servo motor allows the punch's timing from the rest position to the working position, or its end after immersion and cutting of the film, to be adjusted as required.In particular, a smooth start and a high feed rate can be generated until impact with the film. Then, shortly before or upon arrival of the punch on the surface of the film, the speed profile can be changed almost arbitrarily until the end of the punch's immersion in the die, depending on its physical properties. A short stop, for example, before immersion in the film, is also possible. Another major advantage of using a servo motor is that the immersion depth can also be changed, and in particular the speed upon impact with the film, regardless of the thickness of the film. Compared to the prior art, where both the speed profile and the immersion depth are fixed, these parameters can be set and adjusted via a touch panel according to the invention.

[0018] In the new punching machine, a play-free and precisely guided tool carriage and a play-free, precisely guided moving tool part are rigidly bolted together. The rigid connection of the two components creates a guide system with a large guide spacing, which allows virtually no deformation and thus ensures a uniform cutting gap between the punch and die (2-3 micrometer gap).

[0019] The system of a tool slide with a rigid connection between the tool slide and the tool and a free-flying tool is unique and offers great advantages in terms of accessibility to the tool area and a precise and stable guidance system.

[0020] A slow start-up when switching on the main drive of the machine is no longer necessary. Even the first punching cycle can be carried out at full operating speed. Process fluctuations due to speed influences are therefore virtually eliminated. The feed unit can be scaled to any width, and the strip compression remains constant regardless, as it is independent of the flexural rigidity of the drive rollers.

[0021] In the preferred embodiment, the feed device comprises two interacting, rotatably driven rollers with a casing made of rubber or another coating with a high coefficient of friction. Axially spaced-apart magnets are inserted into at least one of the shafts of the rollers which carries the casing. These ensure that the contact pressure between the two interacting rollers is constant over their entire length, i.e. between the bearing points, and thus the film can be fed to the punching device at a precisely predetermined speed without slippage. Because the magnets are arranged stationary on the shaft at a distance from the axis of rotation of the rollers, the force of attraction and thus the surface pressure of the two rollers can be adjusted and / or set by rotating the shaft, the distance to the opposite shaft or a ferromagnetic core arranged in the opposite shaft.

[0022] At the ends of the tubes forming the sleeves, gears are attached, over which a toothed belt, preferably one with teeth on both sides, rotates. By partially wrapping around the two gears simultaneously, they are driven at exactly the same circumferential speed. This increases the accuracy of the film feed and, in particular, ensures distortion-free feed across the entire width of the film.

[0023] The drivable conveyor roller pairs, arranged opposite each other on the base plate of the punching device, constantly hold and convey the film taut both transversely to the transport direction and in the transport direction. These two pairs of rollers, mounted in pairs, ensure that the film and, after the punching stroke, the punching grid are always held at the film's original width, thus preventing rippling and potentially entanglement of the punching film webs with parts of the punching device. Two conveyor roller pairs can each be mounted on a common axis, or the axially opposite conveyor roller pairs can be arranged at a slightly acute angle so that they constantly pull and tension the film outwards during transport.

[0024] The bearing housings of the conveyor rollers can be raised or lowered perpendicular to the base plate to increase the distance between the foil and, later, the cutting grid and the die and punch, thus further preventing the cutting grid from becoming caught in the cutting device when withdrawn from the die. Preferably, the linear guides are mounted with roller cages for vertical adjustment. By arranging the conveyor roller pairs at the corners of a rectangle, the foil and the cutting grid always retain their original shape.

[0025] A first deflection roller is mounted between a second pair of take-off rollers arranged downstream of the punching device in the working direction, which, like the first pair of take-off rollers, can be configured upstream of the punching device. The amount of displacement caused by tension changes or changes in conveying speed is measured by a position sensor. This sensor can be used to regulate the take-off speed in order to keep the film and subsequently the punch grid under tension throughout the entire transport path.

[0026] The deflection rollers, over which the punched grid is guided after the punching process, are mounted in bearing blocks, which can be moved relative to each other on guide profiles in order to adapt the clamping gap to the thickness of the film or the punched grid.

[0027] The invention is explained in more detail below using an illustrated embodiment. Shown are: Figure 1 a schematic side view of a punching machine, Figure 2 a top view of the main drive, Figure 3 a perspective view of the main drive, Figure 4 a top view of the tool carriage for the punching tool, Figure 5 a perspective view of a fixed shaft with magnets for the feed rollers, Figure 6 the fixed shaft with mounted bearing rings, Figure 7 two rollers arranged on a bearing block with a film guided between the rollers, Figure 8 the two rollers and the bearing block, additionally equipped with two drive motors, drive toothed belts and shaft bearings, Figure 9 a schematic side view of the Figure 7 , Figure 10 a front view of the Figure 8, Figure 11 a perspective view of the base plate with an inserted die and foil drive arranged on the base plate, Figure 12 a vertical section with a view of the punched grid drive with the conveyor rollers, Figure 13 a view of the punched grid drive, Figure 14 a perspective view of the punched grid drive, Figure 15 a side view of the foil drive, Figure 16 a perspective view from below of the foil drive, Figure 17 a side view of the punched grid rocker, Figure 18 a front view of the punched grid rocker in Fig. 17 , Figure 19 a top view of the punched grid rocker, Figure 20 a perspective view of the punched grid rocker, Figure 21 a side view of another punched grid rocker, Figure 22 a front view of the punched grid rocker in Figure 21 Figure 23 a top view of the lead frame rocker according to Figure 21 and Figure 24 a perspective view of the lead frame rocker from above.

[0028] In the schematic side view of a punching machine 1 for punching labels and lids for containers such as bottles, cans, cups, and deep-drawn trays made of plastic or aluminum, reference numeral 3 denotes a side plate forming part of a machine frame. The essential elements of the punching machine 1 include a main drive 7 with a servo motor 9, a spindle 11, a guide element such as a tool carriage that linearly guides the punch 13 toward a die 57 on a base plate 15, a feed device 17 for a film 19 as strip-shaped punching material, which can be drawn from a coil 21 serving as a strip storage device, a punch frame drive 23 mounted in the punching tool, and a dancer element in the form of a punch frame rocker 25.

[0029] The punching material, hereinafter referred to as film 19, is fed to the punching machine 1 from a coil 21. The film 19 is pulled off the coil 21 by the feed device 17, which can be preceded by a dancer ( Fig. 5 to 10 ).

[0030] The feed device 17 comprises two rollers 29 arranged on parallel axes, which preferably have a rubber covering or casing 41 on their periphery, which ensures slip-free advance of the film 19. At least one of the two rollers 29 can be driven by a drive motor 53. Both rollers 29 are preferably driven synchronously. The two rollers 29 comprise a shaft 37, on which a plurality of magnets 33 arranged in a row parallel to the axis are arranged in bores 35 extending radially to the axis. The magnets 33 can also be attached to the surface of the shaft 37. The shaft 37 can have a round or rectangular cross-section. Distributed over the axial length of the shaft 37, rotatable bearing rings 39 are arranged between the magnets 33 on the shaft 37. The inner race of the bearing rings 39 is connected to the shaft 33 in a rotationally fixed manner. The outer bearing ring 39 carries a tube 38 which forms the rubber jacket.

[0031] The shaft 37 forms the core for the tube 38 with the rubber jacket 41. At both ends of the shaft 37, gear wheels 43 are mounted, connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the tube 38. Two such rollers 29 are supported at their ends by a bearing block 45 ( Figure 10 ).

[0032] First shaft bearings 47 are arranged on the front side of the bearing blocks 45 and are firmly connected to the bearing blocks 45. Two movable second shaft bearings, mounted on guide rods 49 on the first shaft bearings 47, support the second roller 29.

[0033] With one or more drive motors 53, the two rollers 29 are driven in opposite directions by toothed belts 55. The toothed belt(s) 55 wrap around the gears 43 on the two rollers 29. The gear(s) 47 on the other roller 29 are driven synchronously by the outer teeth of the toothed belt 55. In other words, the two rollers 29 can be driven electronically in exact synchronization at the same peripheral speed.

[0034] The rollers 29, which are thin relative to their axial length, are mutually attracted by the non-rotating shafts 37 arranged in their centers and the electromagnets or permanent magnets 33 arranged thereon. In this way, a uniform mutual pressure of the peripheries of the rubber jackets 41 can be achieved over the entire axial length. This uniform mutual attractive force of the rollers 29, extending over the entire axial length, is maintained regardless of the thickness of the film 19 that is guided and conveyed between the two rollers 29. The change in the center distance between the two rollers 29 due to different thicknesses of the film 19 is absorbed by the displacement of one of the rollers 29 on the guides 49, on which the second shaft bearing is mounted for radial displacement.

[0035] The force of mutual attraction can be adjusted. For this purpose, the shafts 37 are mounted on the bearing block 45 so that they can rotate over a specific angle, allowing the radial distance between the magnets 33 on the shafts 37 to be adjusted. If the magnets 33 on the two shafts 37 are positioned exactly between the rotational axes of the rollers 29, the greatest force of attraction is present; if they are rotated by a few degrees, the mutual force of attraction decreases accordingly.

[0036] In a simpler design of the shafts 37, only one of the two shafts 37 is equipped with magnets 33. The second shaft 37, which is not equipped with magnets 33, is then made of a ferromagnetic material.

[0037] The angle of rotation adjustment on the shafts 37 can be carried out by an intervention at the front end of the shafts 37.

[0038] The foil 19 pulled off the coil 21 by the feed device 17 then passes into the punching device 5, ie between the punch 13 and the base plate 15 with a die 57 ( Fig. 11 ). Punch grid drives 59 between the punch 13 and the die 57 for guiding the film 19 in the punching device 5 each comprise a bearing housing 61 outside the punching device, in the interior of which a gear which has conveyor rollers 63 having parallel axes of rotation projecting from the front side of the housing 61 ( Fig. 12 to 15 ). Furthermore, Figure 16 It can be seen that the housing 61 with the conveyor rollers 63 is mounted vertically displaceably in a guide bore formed vertically in the base plate 15. The low-friction displaceability of the housing 61 and thus of the film drive 59 is ensured by ball cages 64. Furthermore, a drive motor 65 is arranged on each bearing housing 61.

[0039] As from Figure 11As can be further seen, the foil drives 59 are arranged in pairs outside the circumference of the die 57, in such a way that the conveyor rollers 63 in the longitudinal edge region of the strip-shaped foil 19 can hold it clamped and taut on the input and output sides into the base plate 15 during the punching process and can then transport it. The foil 19 is therefore held by four conveyor roller pairs 63 during the punching process, on the one hand when the foil 19 is stationary and on the other hand when it is being transported. Consequently, it cannot contract longitudinally, transversely, or diagonally. The punched grid created after punching is therefore always kept taut, even when the foil 19 is moved out of the punching area.Even if the larger portion of the surface of the band-shaped film 19 has been punched out, leaving only narrow webs that no longer have a stable connection, the punched grid can be guided out of the punching area without the lateral edges of the previously unpunched film 19 contracting and the webs remaining within the punched grid getting caught in the punching device 5. The film drive 59 is necessarily very miniaturized, as it is located between the base plate 15 with the die 57 and the punching punch 13. The film drive 59, with its conveyor rollers 63, transports the film 19 step by step between these elements.

[0040] To maintain tension at the edges of the film 19, especially with films 19 made of relatively elastic material, the axes of the conveyor rollers 63 can be slightly inclined so that they constantly pull the film 19 outward, thus keeping the film 19 taut between the conveyor rollers 63 and significantly minimizing the formation of waves or wrinkles in the material. This can largely prevent interruptions in production.

[0041] Due to the vertically displaceable mounting and guidance of the foil drives 59, made possible by the linear guides 81 extending from the bottom of the bearing housing 61 and mounted axially displaceably in the base plate 15, the foil drives 59 can be lifted vertically from the die 57 during the advance of the foil 19 and brought back to the die 57 and brought into contact there when the punching device 5 closes. This play of the foil 19 during the advance between the underside of the foil 19 and the surface of the die 57 further promotes low-friction transport of the foil 19 during insertion into the punching device 5 and, on the other hand, the reliable removal of the punch grid from the punching device 5 during the advance of the foil 19.

[0042] The punched grid led out of the punching device 5 now passes via a second deflection roller 73 into the area of ​​a punched grid rocker 25, generally also called a dancer or dancer device ( Fig. 17 to 20 ).

[0043] The lead frame rocker 25 of the first embodiment ( Fig. 17-20) comprises a first deflection roller 71 which is axially displaceable by a pneumatic cylinder 69 or a spring element and which lies parallel to the second deflection roller 73. The ends of the first deflection roller 71 are mounted in bearing blocks 75 on horizontally arranged guide profiles 77 so that they can be displaced in parallel. Below the first deflection roller 71 there is a pair of take-off rollers 79 with two interacting take-off rollers 80 whose axes of rotation run parallel to the axes of rotation of the first 71 and second deflection roller 73. The rollers 80 of the pair of take-off rollers 79 can be driven by a drive (not shown). The structure of the pair of take-off rollers 79 can correspond to that of the feed device 17 for pulling the film 19 off the coil 21.

[0044] The elements of the punched grid rocker 25 are arranged on a common modular rocker frame.

[0045] Furthermore, the lead frame rocker 25 includes a position sensor 67, which measures the position of the first deflection roller 71. The first deflection roller 71 and the second deflection roller 73, as well as the rollers 80 of the take-off roller pair 79, as well as the guide profiles 77 and the position sensor 67, are mounted on a frame (not shown), which can be connected to the side plate 3 and / or the machine foundation (not shown).

[0046] Another particularly advantageous embodiment of the lead frame rocker 25 is shown in the Figures 21-24shown. Two pivot arms 99 are articulated on one of two rocker cheeks 97 arranged at a distance from one another in parallel. The pivot arms 99 are pivotally attached at one end to the cheeks 97 of the rocker frame and can each be adjusted relative to the cheeks 99 of the rocker cheeks 97 using a spring element, e.g. a pneumatic cylinder, so that the angle between the cheeks 97 with respect to a fastening plate of the rocker frame can be adjusted. Between the ends of the pivot arms 99, which are opposite the pivot axis A, the first deflection roller 71 is inserted, which guides the punched grid from the punching device and consequently to the second deflection roller 73 via the first deflection roller 71 and from there to the pair of take-off rollers 79.

[0047] As in the first embodiment, the film 19 is consequently deflected between the pair of take-off rollers 99 and the second deflection roller 73 arranged above it, so that disturbances due to uneven tensions in the film web in the film feed and in the film take-off can be compensated by pivoting the pivot arms 99 with the first deflection roller 71 attached thereto.

[0048] The punch grid rocker 25 therefore serves to transport the punch grid step by step or continuously, as parallel as possible, through the punching device 5 to the take-off roller pair 79, which forms a second feed device. The integrated position monitoring by the position sensor 67 of the movable first deflection roller 71 serves to regulate the speed of the take-off roller pair 79. The control of the take-off speed ensures that, despite the distortion of the punch grid, whether positive or negative, the slippage in the feed devices, position errors of the feed devices, or different roller diameters on the feed devices (rubber wear) are compensated for and, consequently, the film 19 or the punch grid is always guided taut and wrinkle-free between the first feed device 17 and the take-off roller pair 79.

[0049] After the pair of take-off rollers 79, the punched grid can be vacuumed off; however, it can also be wound onto a core for removal and disposal.

[0050] For punching the foil 19 in the punching device 5, ie between the punch 13 and the die on the base plate 15, the Figures 2 to 4 shown main drive 7. The output shaft 85 of the servo motor 9 can be connected by means of a coupling 87 or directly to a spindle 11 (spindle only partially visible in Figure 2 ). The spindle 11 is rotatably mounted in a spindle housing 91 and drives a mounting plate 93 for the punch 13. The mounting plate 93 is guided in a tool slide 95 in the axial direction to the spindle 11. The force acting on the spindle 11 during the punching stroke is transmitted from the spindle housing 91 to the side plate 3.

[0051] The servo motor 9 is connected to the machine control system (control system not shown). The control system generates the punching stroke parameters, namely the immersion depth, i.e. the maximum and minimum stroke of the punch, as well as the accelerations and decelerations during the punching stroke and, if desired, reversal or stopping points located between the end points of the punching punch. These variation options for the curve traversed by the punching punch 13 during the punching stroke can be generated electronically and, moreover, can be set and / or changed at any time. This makes it possible, without mechanical intervention in the machine, to adapt to a change in the thickness of the processed film 19, on the one hand to the materials from which the film 19 is made, but also to its mechanical properties such as hardness, elasticity and its respective thickness.For example, a relatively soft film 19 can initially be slightly compressed and only then can the punching process be carried out.

[0052] Furthermore, the return stroke, i.e. the retraction of the punch 13, can also be carried out with a suitable variable speed and / or variable retraction curve.

Claims

1. A punching machine for punching labels and lids for containers made of paper, plastic, metal or laminates produced therefrom and consisting of a strip-shaped film supplied in strip form, comprising: - a feed apparatus (17) for transporting the film from a coil (21) to a punching tool, - the punching tool, which has a punch, a die on a base plate (15) having guides for the punch during the stroke movements, and a drive member for producing the stroke movement of the punch, and - a removal device for removing the punching scrap from the punching device and for supplying the punching scrap to a punching scrap receptacle, characterized in that the drive member has a servomotor (9) having a spindle (11) in order to generate a linear movement of the punch (13), and the spindle (11) is connected to a tool slide (95) that supports and guides the punch (13).

2. The punching machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the spindle (11) is connected to the servomotor (9) by a coupling (87).

3. The punching machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the spindle is part of the servomotor (9).

4. The punching machine according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, comprising - a coil (21) as a strip storage means for the film to be punched, - an electrically drivable feed device (17) for removing the strip-shaped film from the strip storage means and for feeding the film (19) to a punching device (5), characterized in that the feed device has a feed apparatus (17) having two interacting rotatably driven rollers (29), in that the rollers (29) comprise a casing that is placed on a tube (38) and is made of rubber (41), in that the tubes (38) are mounted on a shaft (37) supported by bearing rings (39) and rotatable, and in that magnets (33) are fastened to the shafts (37), said magnets (33) being arranged in parallel with the axes of said shafts and attracting the rollers (29) to one another over the axial length thereof due to mutual forces of attraction.

5. The punching machine according to Claim 4, characterized in that the magnets (33) are fastened to the shafts (37) in a manner spaced apart from the axis of rotation of the rollers (29), and in that the shafts (37) are rotatable about the axes thereof and formed to be adjustable in order to make it possible to adjust the spacing of the magnets (33) of the two rollers (29).

6. The punching machine according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a gear (43) is fastened to one end, or to each of both ends, of the tubes (38) or the two rollers (29), one or two toothed belts (55) being wound around at least part of said gear (43), the toothed belt (55) being drivable by a drive motor (53).

7. The punching machine according to Claim 6, characterized in that the toothed belt (55) has teeth on both sides if said toothed belt simultaneously wraps around part of both gears (43) on the two rollers (29) and drives the same.

8. The punching machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that drivable transport roller pairs (63) are arranged opposite one another in pairs on the base plate (15) of the die (57) and are cantilever-mounted in bearing housings (61) arranged on the base plate (15).

9. The punching machine according to Claim 8, characterized in that the bearing housings (61) are arranged so as to be liftable and lowerable perpendicular to the surface of the base plate (15).

10. The punching machine according to Claim 9, characterized in that linear guides (81) are mounted on the underside of the bearing housings (61), the bearing housings (61) being vertically movable with the linear guides (81) in holes in the base plate (15).

11. The punching machine according to Claim 10, characterized in that roller cages are used as the linear guides (81).

12. The punching machine according to any one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that axes of rotation of the opposing transport roller pairs (63) extend coaxially horizontally.

13. The punching machine according to Claim 11, characterized in that the axes of rotation of opposing transport roller pairs (63) are arranged so as to extend toward one another at an acute angle.

14. The punching machine according to any one of Claims 8 to 13, characterized in that two sets of two transport roller pairs (63), arranged in a rectangle, are arranged on the base plate (15).

15. The punching machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that a punching scrap rocker (25) is inserted between the punching device (5) and the removal roller pair (79), said punching scrap rocker (25) having a first deflection roller (71) as a dancer in order to deflect the incoming film (19), and in that a second deflection roller (73) is located between the punching device (5) and the first deflection roller (71), and in that the first deflection roller (71) is mounted so as to be movable in parallel with the axis of rotation thereof.

16. The punching machine according to Claim 15, characterized in that the ends of the first deflection roller (71) are mounted so as to be movable on guide rails (89) or are movable in an axis-parallel manner at the ends of pivot arms (99) on curved portions.

17. The punching machine according to Claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the first deflection roller (71) is held by spring elements, spring assemblies or pneumatic cylinders (69) so as to be resiliently movable in an axis-parallel manner.

18. The punching machine according to any one of Claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the position of the first deflection roller (71) in relation to the removal roller (80) can be measured and adjusted by a position sensor (67).

19. The punching machine according to any one of Claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the first deflection roller (71) is mounted in bearing blocks (75) at both ends, and in that the bearing blocks are arranged on guide profiles (77) so as to be movable in parallel.

20. The punching machine according to any one of Claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the pivot arms (99) can be pivoted by spring elements, spring assemblies or pneumatic cylinders (69), and the position thereof can be adjusted.

21. A method for controlling the punching stroke in a punching machine for punching labels and lids consisting of a film for containers by using a punching machine according to any one of the preceding claims, in which method a punch (11) performs punching strokes and, during the feed stroke, the punch (11) penetrates and cuts through the film and then returns to the starting position on the return stroke, characterized in that the stroke movements during the working and return strokes can be changed with respect to the distance and time, depending on the thickness and the properties of the processed film.

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