Device for milling in particular rock and other materials

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for milling in particular rock and other materials (2), said device comprising: a spindle drum (5) which is mounted on a drum support (3) so as to be rotatable about a drum axis (4) and in which a plurality of tool spindles (6) are mounted so as to be rotatable about spindle axes (7) eccentrically with respect to the drum axis (4), wherein the tool spindles (6) are uniformly distributed over the circumference (8) of the spindle drum (5), wherein the tool spindles (6) each support a plurality of machining tools (9) that are arranged on an outer circumference of the tool spindles (6) and rotate about the spindle axes (7), wherein at least two of the tool spindles (6) are driven by a common gear drive (10) which has output gears (11) fixedly mounted on the tool spindles (6) and a common drive gear (12) which cooperates with the output gears (11), wherein the spindle drum (5) and the drive gear (12) can be rotated relative to one another, wherein the drive gear (12) is rotationally fixed relative to the drum support (3), wherein the machining tools (9) of at least two tool spindles (6) arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum (5) are offset relative to one another in the direction of the spindle axes (7) and interlock in an overlapping manner.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for milling, in particular, rock and other materials, with a spindle drum rotatably mounted on a drum carrier about a drum axis, on which several tool spindles are rotatably mounted about spindle axes eccentrically to the drum axis, wherein the tool spindles are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the spindle drum, wherein the tool spindles each carry several machining tools arranged on an outer circumference of the tool spindles and rotating about the spindle axes, wherein at least two of the tool spindles are driven by a common gear drive, which has output gears fixedly arranged on the tool spindles and a common drive gear which interacts with the output gears, wherein the spindle drum and the drive gear are rotatable relative to each other, and wherein the drive gear is arranged rotationally fixed relative to the drum carrier.

[0002] For the milling of rock or other hard materials, such as mining products in underground or surface mining, asphalt or concrete components in road or building construction, or the like, a variety of milling devices are known. These are usually rotating drums or discs with milling tools, such as round-shank chisels, evenly distributed around their circumference. When such a drum, equipped with milling tools around its circumference, is used, for example, with a shearer loader to extract rock or coal in underground mining, and the shearer drum or drum cuts or mills the material to be extracted in a full cut, approximately half of all the processing tools arranged around the drum's circumference are engaged simultaneously. Each processing tool is engaged with the material being processed for half a rotation, i.e., 180°, during a full cut.This results in the carbide tips of the machining tools being heated to very high temperatures, especially in harder materials, and wearing out quickly. Another disadvantage of the known machines is that the total contact pressure with which the drum is set against the rock is distributed across a large number of individual tools, so that only a comparatively low contact force is available for each individual chisel in use.

[0003] WO 2006 / 079536 A1 discloses a device of the type mentioned above, which overcomes many of the aforementioned disadvantages. However, the solution described in WO 2006 / 079536 A1 has the disadvantage of a very shallow cutting depth, resulting from the limited engagement depth of the machining tools. Furthermore, both the maintenance of this device and the changing of the machining tools are complicated and time-consuming.

[0004] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved device which eliminates the described disadvantages and enables a greater cutting depth and simple and quick maintenance.

[0005] This problem is solved by a device having the features of claim 1.

[0006] By arranging the machining tools of at least two tool spindles, positioned one behind the other around the circumference of the spindle drum, offset from each other in the direction of their axes and overlapping them, the cutting depth of the device can be significantly increased. By ensuring that the distance between the spindle axes around the circumference of the spindle drum is smaller than the diameter of the tool spindles at their outer circumference, significantly more or larger tool spindles can be arranged one behind the other around the circumference of the spindle drum, thus considerably increasing the cutting depths achievable across the outer circumference of the tool spindles. The spindle axes of the tool spindles can be positioned closer together along the circumference of the spindle drum, thereby increasing the number of tool spindles within the spindle drum.By arranging the machining tools of at least two tool spindles positioned one behind the other around the spindle drum, offset from each other along the spindle axes, it is possible to achieve an overlapping engagement of the machining tools from adjacent tool spindles around the circumference of the spindle drum. This results in a particularly compact device design. The machining tools of adjacent tool spindles around the circumference of the spindle drum do not touch each other and instead mesh past one another through the engagement area of ​​the adjacent tool spindle. The increased number of tool spindles distributed around the circumference of the spindle drum also increases the number of available machining tools, leading to a better cutting pattern in the machined material. The device enables milling with a particularly uniform groove depth. Furthermore, it prevents the formation of waves, similar to those produced by a washboard.

[0007] Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims. It should be noted that the features listed individually in the claims can also be combined with one another in any technologically meaningful way, thus revealing further embodiments of the invention.

[0008] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the gear drive is designed as a planetary gear with a sun gear, several planet gears, and a carrier supporting the planet gears around the sun gear. The drive gear forms the sun gear, the output gears form the planet gears, and the spindle drum forms the carrier. This gear drive allows for a particularly compact device design. The gear ratio of the drive is designed such that the planet gears rotating around the stationary sun gear bring the respective machining tools of a milling disc on the tool spindle into contact with the rock one after the other during each complete revolution around the drum axis at bottom dead center. This ensures uniform wear of the machining tools over the circumference of the respective milling disc, i.e., the outer circumference of the tool spindle.Simultaneously, the consistent point of impact of each cutting tool on a milling disc at bottom dead center ensures a uniform groove depth along the entire milling path. This prevents the formation of waves, similar to a washboard pattern. Additionally, the design of the gear drive results in low-vibration operation of the entire device.

[0009] A particularly preferred embodiment provides that the spindle drum can be driven to rotate relative to the stationary drum support. The spindle drum can be easily mounted on the stationary drum support to drive the device. In surface finishing applications (e.g., road construction), collisions of the device with foreign objects, such as steel reinforcements, manhole covers, or similar items, are possible. To protect the device from damage, a mechanical overload protection device can be provided on the stationary drum support. This device releases the stationary drum support in the event of an overload by being designed to either shed or slip. This overload protection device is preferably mounted on the torque-supporting bearing of the drum support.

[0010] A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to the tool spindles being designed to be radially removable from the spindle drum. By radially removing the entire tool spindle from the spindle drum, the tool spindles can be quickly replaced within the compact device, thus minimizing downtime.

[0011] A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the tool spindles are each supported in the spindle drum by at least one bearing shaft, wherein the at least one bearing shaft can be axially removed from the tool spindles and the spindle drum for radial removal of the tool spindles. Several, in particular two, bearing shafts can also be provided for supporting a tool spindle. This allows for quick changeover by laterally pulling the respective bearing shafts and exposing a tool spindle, so that the exposed tool spindle can be pushed radially outwards out of the spindle drum. Installation of a new tool spindle then takes place in reverse order.

[0012] An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the machining tools are arranged axially spaced apart from one another on the outer circumference of the tool spindles. This axial spacing of the machining tools allows the machining tools, which are offset from one another in the direction of the spindle axes, to engage particularly easily with overlapping engagement on at least two tool spindles arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum.

[0013] A particularly advantageous embodiment provides that axially adjacent machining tools are arranged circumferentially offset from one another on the outer circumference of the tool spindles. This circumferential offset ensures that the adjacent machining tools on a single tool spindle do not engage simultaneously, but rather with a time delay. This enables particularly low-vibration operation of the device. Furthermore, the counter-torque for engaging the individual machining tools is distributed more evenly via the rotation of the tool spindle. Due to the circumferential offset on the outer circumference of the tool spindles, the axially adjacent machining tools engage with a phase shift relative to one another when the tool spindles rotate.The phase-shifted engagement of the machining tools during rotation of the tool spindle allows for a uniform load on the gear drive, enabling particularly low-vibration operation of the device.

[0014] An advantageous embodiment provides that the machining tools are arranged radially projecting from the outer circumference of the tool spindles to an inner circumference of the tool spindles. The machining tools, arranged offset from and overlapping each other, of at least two tool spindles arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum, engage in the area between the outer and inner circumferences of the other tool spindle. By having the machining tools of a first tool spindle engage in the area between the outer and inner circumferences of a second, adjacent tool spindle, a particularly compact device design and a close arrangement of the spindle axes of the tool spindles can be achieved.The overlapping arrangement of the tool spindles in the area between the outer and inner circumferences of the adjacent tool spindles, arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum, ensures a coordinated arrangement of the engagement areas of the machining tools of the tool spindles. Furthermore, the outer circumference of the tool spindles can be increased, thus increasing the cutting depth.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the machining tools are cutting inserts held in tool holders, the tool holders being fixedly mounted on the tool spindle. The cutting inserts on the tool holders of the tool spindles can be easily replaced when worn. This allows the tool spindles to be easily repaired after the cutting inserts have worn out by simply replacing them. The machining tools can also be designed as round-shank chisels.

[0016] A particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the cutting inserts comprise hard materials, especially polycrystalline diamond (PCD). Cutting inserts containing polycrystalline diamond allow for the milling of particularly hard materials with low wear.

[0017] Further features, details, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the drawings, which show an embodiment of the invention. Corresponding objects or elements are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures. The figures show: Figure 1 device according to the invention, Figure 2 device from the view of the drum axis, and Figure 3 overlapping interlocking tool spindles.

[0018] In the Figure 1Reference numeral 1 indicates a device according to the invention. The device 1 is used for milling rock and other hard materials 2. It has a stationary drum support 3, which is provided with an overload protection device 20 and a mounting flange 21. The device 1 can be mounted on a loader or other vehicle or equipment for construction sites, mines, open-pit mines, and other mining operations via this mounting flange 21. The drum support 3 forms a drum axis 4 around which a spindle drum 5 is rotatably mounted. The spindle drum 5 contains several, in this exemplary embodiment ten ( Fig. 2 ), tool spindles 6 are rotatably mounted about spindle axes 7, each eccentrically to the drum axis 4. In the Figure 1In the figure, which shows a sectional view through the device 1, only two of the tool spindles 6 opposite each other with respect to the drum axis 4 are shown. The tool spindles 6 are arranged evenly distributed around the circumference 8 of the spindle drum 5, as can also be seen from Figure 2The tool spindles 6 each carry several machining tools 9 arranged around an outer circumference 16 of the tool spindles 6, rotating about the spindle axes 7. The machining tools 9 are arranged axially spaced apart from each other on the outer circumference 16 of the tool spindles 6. The machining tools 9 project radially from the outer circumference 16 of the tool spindles 6 to an inner circumference 17 of the tool spindles 6. The machining tools 9 are designed as cutting inserts 19 held in tool holders 18, which are fixedly mounted on the tool spindles 6. The tool holders 18 project from the inner circumference 17 of the tool spindles 6 and hold the cutting inserts 19 in position on the outer circumference 16 of the tool spindles 6.In this embodiment, the tool holders 18 are designed as milling discs, which are arranged axially spaced apart from one another on the tool spindle 6 and hold the machining tools 9. The device 1 has a gear drive 10 by which the tool spindles 6 are driven together. This gear drive 10 has output gears 11 fixed to the tool spindles 6 and a common input gear 12. The common input gear 12 interacts with the output gears 11. For this purpose, the spindle drum 5 and the input gear 12 are rotatable relative to each other. The input gear 12 is also fixed against rotation to the drum carrier 3. The gear drive 10 is designed like a planetary gear, which allows for a particularly compact design of the device 1. As is typical for a planetary gear, a sun gear is provided, along with several planet gears and a carrier that supports the planet gears around the sun gear.When the gear drive 10 is integrated into the device 1, the drive gear 12 forms the sun gear, the output gears 11 form the planet gears, and the spindle drum 5 forms the carrier 13. In the embodiment shown here, the spindle drum 5 can be driven to rotate relative to the stationary drum carrier 3. The rotating drive of the spindle drum 5 causes the spindle drum 5 to rotate about the drum axis 4 formed by the drum carrier 3, whereby the teeth of the drive gear 12, which is stationary with the drum carrier 3, engage with the teeth of the output gears 11, since the output gears 11, supported by the spindle drum 5 and mounted on the tool spindles 6, rotate around the sun gear.The engagement of the output gears 11 with the stationary sun gear causes the tool spindles 6 coupled to the output gears 11 to rotate as they roll. This rotation, in turn, sets the machining tools 9 on the tool spindles 6 into rotation by the drive of the spindle drum 5. With radial feed of the drum axis 4, for example by the loader, the tools 9 are engaged with the material to be milled. The tool spindles 6 can be removed from the spindle drum 5 to replace the cutting inserts 19. Advantageously, this can be done radially to the spindle drum 5, allowing individual tool spindles 6 to be removed without having to remove or realign all of them. For particularly easy removal of the tool spindles 6 from the spindle drum 5, they are supported on both sides of the spindle drum 5 by bearing shafts 14, 15.These bearing shafts 14, 15 can be axially removed from the tool spindles 6 and the spindle drum 5 for radial removal of the tool spindles 6, thus exposing the tool spindles 5 for easy removal. For this purpose, the left bearing shaft 14 is simply pulled out of the tool spindle 6, the output gear 11, and the spindle drum 5, while the right bearing shaft 15 is simply pulled out of the bearing position of the tool spindle 6 and the spindle drum 5. Alternatively, the tool spindle 6 can also be mounted on a long pin as a bearing shaft, which can be pulled out from one side.

[0019] In Figure 2 is a view of device 1 according to Figure 1The view is from the perspective of the drum axis 4. It can be seen that the machining tools 9 on the tool spindles 6 can engage the material 2 to be milled up to a cutting depth S when the device 1 is fed radially to the drum carrier 3 during the milling process, to the right in the view shown here. Because the machining tools 9 of at least two tool spindles 6 arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum 5 are offset from each other in the direction of the spindle axes 7 and overlap each other, a significantly larger outer circumference 16 of the tool spindles 6 can be achieved while simultaneously increasing the number of tool spindles. This allows the achievable cutting depth S to be increased, the cutting pattern to be improved, and the tool load to be reduced. Figure 2A halved cutting depth is also indicated, which can be achieved with the same number of tool spindles, whereby the machining tools of the tool spindles arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum 5 do not overlap. It can be seen that with the significantly smaller outer circumference of this tool spindle, only a cutting depth that is more than halved can be achieved with the same number of tool spindles. Thus, the axial spacing of the machining tools 9 on the tool spindles 6 from each other at the outer circumference 16 of the tool spindles, and the fact that the machining tools 9 project radially from the outer circumference 16 of the tool spindles 6 to an inner circumference 17 of the tool spindles 6, create an engagement situation that enables a compact design and a high achievable cutting depth S.The machining tools 9, arranged offset from and overlapping each other, of at least two tool spindles 6 arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum 5, engage in the area between the outer circumference 16 and the inner circumference 17 of the other tool spindle 6. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, axially adjacent machining tools 9 are arranged offset from each other in the circumferential direction on the outer circumference 16 of the tool spindles 6. This can be achieved, for example, by a modular design of the tool spindles 6. Indeed, the tool spindles 6 are preferably characterized by a modular design. This modular design allows for the easy fitting of the tool spindles 6 with suitable milling discs as tool holders 18, containing the respective machining tools 9 for different conditions and materials.Here, the tool holders 18 are advantageously mounted and secured one after the other in a form-fitting manner according to a mounting matrix by sliding the milling discs onto a marked milling disc shaft of the tool spindle 6. These pre-assembled tool spindles 6 are then mounted in the spindle drum 5 at the designated spindle receptacle of the spindle drum 5 according to the specifications. The rotational starting position of each tool spindle 6 relative to the spindle drum 5 is determined by the form-fitting of the bearing receptacle located in the gear drive 10, so that the tool spindles 6 cannot be confused with respect to their rotation. Only the varying required configuration of the respective tool holders 18 across the width of a tool spindle 6 necessitates marking with regard to the described, but undesired, washboard pattern.

[0020] The Figure 3shows how the machining tools 9, which are arranged offset from and overlapping each other, are arranged by two in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum 5 ( Fig. 2 The tool spindles 6, arranged one behind the other, each engage in the area between the outer circumference 16 and the inner circumference 17 of the other tool spindle 6. With the arrangement of the machining tools 9 offset from each other in the direction of the spindle axes 7, the two tools located circumferentially on the spindle drum 5 ( Fig. 2 ) by means of the tool spindles 6 arranged one behind the other, it can be achieved that the machining tools 9 are protected from the circumference 8 of the spindle drum 5 ( Fig. 2 ) adjacent tool spindles 6, as in Figure 3 as seen, overlapping and interlocking. This allows for a particularly compact design of the device 1. The machining tools 9 of the around the circumference 8 of the spindle drum 5 ( Fig. 2) adjacent tool spindles do not touch and mesh past each other through the engagement area of ​​the adjacent tool spindle 6. Since the distance of the spindle axes 7 in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum 5 ( Fig. 2 ) smaller than the diameter of the tool spindles 6 at the outer circumference 16, significantly more or larger tool spindles can be used in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum 5 ( Fig. 2 ) arranged one behind the other, so that higher cutting depths S ( Fig. 2 ) are reachable. This can be achieved via the significantly larger outer circumference 16 of the tool spindles 6. The spindle axes 7 of the tool spindles 6 can be positioned closer to each other along the circumference 8 of the spindle drum 5 by overlapping the engagement areas of the machining tools 9 ( Fig. 2 ) arrange so that the number of tool spindles 6 in the spindle drum 5 can be increased. With the higher number of spindles arranged around the circumference 8 of the spindle drum 5 ( Fig. 2By distributing the tool spindles 6, the number of available machining tools 9 also increases, resulting in a better cutting pattern in the machined material 2. As can be seen, the tool spindles 6 can be easily separated radially from one another, which allows for the removal of individual tool spindles 6 from the spindle drum 5 ( Fig. 1 simplified. Reference symbol list

[0021] 1 Device 2 Rock or other materials 3 Drum support 4 Drum axle 5 Spindle drum 6 Tool spindles 7 Spindle axes 8 Circumference (spindle drum) 9 Machining tools 10 Gear drive 11 Output gears 12 Input gear 13 Support 14 First bearing shaft 15 Second bearing shafts 16 Outer circumference (tool spindles) 17 Inner circumference (tool spindles) 18 Tool holder 19 Cutting inserts 20 Overload protection 21 Mounting flange Cutting depth

Claims

1. Device (1) for milling processing in particular rock and other materials (2), having a spindle drum (5) rotatable mounted on a drum carrier (3) around a drum axis (4), on which several tool spindles (6) are mounted to rotate about spindle axes (7) eccentrically with respect to the drum axis (4), wherein the tool spindles (6) are arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference (8) of the spindle drum (5), wherein the tool spindles (6) each carry several machining tools (9) arranged on an outer circumference of the tool spindles (6) and rotate about the spindle axes (7), wherein at least two of the tool spindles (6) are driven by a common gear drive (10), which has output gear wheels (11) fixedly arranged on the tool spindles (6) and a common drive gear wheel (12), which cooperates with the output gear wheels (11), wherein the spindle drum (5) and the drive gear wheel (12) are rotatable relative to each other, wherein the drive gear wheel (12) is arranged rotationally fixed relative to the drum carrier (3), characterized in that the machining tools (9) of at least two tool spindles (6) arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum (5) are arranged offset relative to one another in the direction of the spindle axes (7) and interlock in an overlapping manner.

2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the gear drive (10) is designed as a planetary gear with a sun gear, several planet gears and a carrier (13) carrying the planet gears around the sun gear, wherein the drive gear wheel (12) forms the sun gear, wherein the output gear wheels (11) form the planet gears, and wherein the spindle drum (5) forms the carrier.

3. Device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spindle drum (5) can be driven in rotation relative to the stationary drum carrier (3).

4. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool spindles (6) are designed to be radially removable from the spindle drum (7).

5. Device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the tool spindles (6) are each mounted in the spindle drum (5) via at least one bearing shaft (14, 15), wherein the at least one bearing shaft (14, 15) can be removed axially from the tool spindles (6) and the spindle drum (5) for radial removal of the tool spindles (6).

6. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machining tools (9) on the tool spindles (6) are arranged axially spaced apart from one another on the outer circumference (16) of the tool spindles (6).

7. Device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that axially adjacent arranged machining tools (9) are arranged offset to one another in the circumferential direction on the outer circumference (16) of the tool spindles (6).

8. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machining tools (9) are arranged on the outer circumference (16) of the tool spindles (6) radially protruding to an inner circumference (17) of the tool spindles (6), wherein the offset arranged and each other overlapping machining tools (9) of at least two tool spindles (6) arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction of the spindle drum (5) each intervene in the area between the outer circumference (16) and the inner circumference (17) of the respective other tool spindle (6).

9. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the machining tools (9) are cutting plates (19) held in tool holders (18), wherein the tool holders (18) are fixedly arranged on the tool spindle (6).

10. Device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the cutting plates (19) have hard materials, in particular polycrystalline diamond (PCD).

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