Antenna and communication device

Abstract

Embodiments of this application provide an antenna and a communication device, and relate to the field of communication technologies, to resolve a problem that receiver sensitivity of an existing antenna is not high enough. The antenna includes a reflection structure and a two-dimensional Rydberg array. The reflection structure is configured to receive a first electromagnetic wave. The reflection structure is further configured to reflect the first electromagnetic wave. The two-dimensional Rydberg array is configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave reflected by the reflection structure. The two-dimensional Rydberg array includes a plurality of Rydberg vapor bubbles distributed in an array. The Rydberg vapor bubble is configured to generate a detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave, and output the detection signal.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202210350878.2, filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on April 2, 2022 and entitled "ANTENNA AND COMMUNICATION DEVICE", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna and a communication device.BACKGROUND

[0003] At present, with continuous development of the information-based society, a communication network is also facing great challenges. To achieve a wider network coverage, a space-ground integrated network has gradually become a core of the development of the information-based society. Most communication devices in the space-ground integrated network include a satellite, a terminal device, and a ground station. The satellite may communicate with the terminal device, the terminal device transmits data to the satellite, and the satellite receives data transmitted by the terminal device, and processes the data transmitted by the terminal device. Alternatively, the satellite and the ground station communicate with each other, and j ointly process data received by the satellite from the terminal device.

[0004] To obtain the data transmitted by the terminal device, an antenna usually needs to be deployed on the satellite. The antenna receives the data transmitted by the terminal device, and the antenna transmits the received data to a receiver deployed on the satellite, so that the receiver processes the data transmitted by the terminal device. However, most existing antennas deployed on a satellite are not highly sensitive enough, and therefore a transmission rate of data sensed by the terminal device is limited.SUMMARY

[0005] Embodiments of this application provide an antenna and a communication device. The antenna has high receiver sensitivity.

[0006] To achieve the foregoing objectives, the following technical solutions are used in embodiments of this application.

[0007] According to a first aspect, an antenna is provided. The antenna includes: a reflection structure and a two-dimensional Rydberg array. The reflection structure is configured to receive a first electromagnetic wave. For example, the first electromagnetic wave may be transmitted by a transmitting device. The reflection structure is further configured to reflect the first electromagnetic wave. The two-dimensional Rydberg array is configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave reflected by the reflection structure. The two-dimensional Rydberg array includes a plurality of Rydberg vapor bubbles distributed in an array. The Rydberg vapor bubble is configured to generate a detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave, and output the detection signal, for example, may transmit the detection signal to a receiver. In the foregoing antenna, the reflection structure reflects, to the two-dimensional Rydberg array, the received first electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transmitting device. The two-dimensional Rydberg array includes the Rydberg vapor bubbles distributed in the array. After the Rydberg vapor bubble receives the first electromagnetic wave, the Rydberg vapor bubble may detect the first electromagnetic wave, and generate the detection signal. When the detection signal is transmitted to the receiver, the receiver obtains, from the first electromagnetic wave, transmitted data transmitted by the transmitting device. Because the Rydberg vapor bubble in the two-dimensional Rydberg array is sensitive to a reaction to the first electromagnetic wave, when the two-dimensional Rydberg array is deployed on the antenna, sensitivity of receiving the first electromagnetic wave by the antenna is improved. After the sensitivity of receiving the first electromagnetic wave by the antenna becomes higher, a received signal-to-noise ratio of receiving the first electromagnetic wave by the receiver connected to the antenna also increases synchronously.

[0008] Optionally, an embodiment of this application provides a specific structure of an antenna. In the antenna, the reflection structure includes a first reflective surface. The first reflective surface is a paraboloid, and an opening of the paraboloid faces the two-dimensional Rydberg array. The two-dimensional Rydberg array is disposed between a first focus of the first reflective surface and the first reflective surface.

[0009] Optionally, an embodiment of this application provides a specific structure of another antenna. In the antenna, the reflection structure includes a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface. The first reflective surface is a paraboloid, and the second reflective surface is a hyperboloid. An opening of the paraboloid faces the two-dimensional Rydberg array, the paraboloid has a first focus, an opening of the hyperboloid faces away from the two-dimensional Rydberg array, and the hyperboloid has a second focus in a direction of the opening of the hyperboloid and a third focus in a direction opposite to the direction of the opening of the hyperboloid. The first focus coincides with the second focus, the third focus is located on the first reflective surface, and the two-dimensional Rydberg array is disposed between the third focus and the second reflective surface. The first reflective surface is specifically configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave, and reflect the first electromagnetic wave to the second reflective surface. The second reflective surface is specifically configured to reflect, to the two-dimensional Rydberg array, the first electromagnetic wave reflected by the first reflective surface.

[0010] Optionally, the antenna further includes a feed. The feed is configured to receive a reference signal. For example, a transmitter may generate a reference signal based on a local oscillation signal generated by a local oscillation source. The feed is further configured to generate a reference electromagnetic wave based on the reference signal, and transmit the reference electromagnetic wave to the two-dimensional Rydberg array. The Rydberg vapor bubble is specifically configured to generate the detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave and the reference electromagnetic wave, and output the detection signal, for example, may transmit the detection signal to the receiver. In this optional manner, the local oscillation source generates the local oscillation signal, where a frequency of the local oscillation signal is fixed, and a phase of the local oscillation signal is also determined. The local oscillation source transmits the local oscillation signal to the transmitter, the transmitter generates the reference signal based on the local oscillation signal, and the feed generates the reference electromagnetic wave based on the reference signal. After the reference electromagnetic wave and the first electromagnetic wave are transmitted to the two-dimensional Rydberg array, a gas chamber in the Rydberg vapor bubble is equivalent to a frequency mixer, to mix the first electromagnetic wave and the reference electromagnetic wave to generate an intermediate frequency signal, so that the detection signal output from the gas chamber in the Rydberg vapor bubble carries phase and frequency information of the intermediate frequency signal. When the detection signal carrying the phase and frequency information of the intermediate frequency signal is transmitted to the receiver connected to the antenna, the receiver may also determine a phase of the first electromagnetic wave.

[0011] Optionally, the feed is further configured to receive an excitation signal, where for example, the transmitter may transmit the excitation signal to the feed, and generate a second electromagnetic wave based on the excitation signal. The reflection structure is further configured to reflect the second electromagnetic wave, for example, may reflect the second electromagnetic wave to a receiving device. In this optional manner, the feed of the antenna may also be configured to transmit an electromagnetic wave, so that the foregoing antenna having the two-dimensional Rydberg array may reuse functions of receiving an electromagnetic wave and transmitting an electromagnetic wave.

[0012] Optionally, the Rydberg vapor bubble includes the gas chamber and a mixed atomic gas provided in the gas chamber, and the mixed atomic gas includes a Rydberg atom and an inert gas. The gas chamber is connected to a first laser and a second laser. After the first electromagnetic wave is reflected to the gas chamber, the first laser is configured to transmit a detection beam to the gas chamber. The second laser is configured to transmit a control beam to the gas chamber. The mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber is used to change a physical parameter of the detection beam under action of the control beam, to generate a detection optical signal, where the detection signal includes the detection optical signal. In this optional manner, the gas chamber in the Rydberg vapor bubble receives the first electromagnetic wave, receives the detection beam, and receives the control beam. Under action of the control beam, the mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber absorbs or does not absorb the detection beam, and generates a detection beam including an absorption peak. Under action of the first electromagnetic wave, the absorption peak in the detection beam including the absorption peak is split, and a split absorption peak carries information about the first electromagnetic wave, that is, a detection signal.

[0013] Optionally, the antenna further includes: a spiral tube. A center line of the spiral tube is perpendicular to a first plane on which the two-dimensional Rydberg array is located. The spiral tube is configured to provide a detection magnetic field to the gas chamber. The mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber is specifically used to change the physical parameter of the detection beam under action of the control beam and the detection magnetic field, to generate the detection optical signal, where the detection signal includes the detection optical signal. In this optional manner, under action of the detection magnetic field, the mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber in the Rydberg vapor bubble in the two-dimensional Rydberg array moves, so that a concentration of a Rydberg atom in the mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber changes. In this case, when the concentration of the Rydberg atom changes, different first electromagnetic waves can be detected. This increases a tuning speed of the two-dimensional Rydberg array in detecting different the first electromagnetic waves.

[0014] Optionally, the gas chamber is connected to the first laser through a first beam splitter, the first laser is connected to an input end of the first beam splitter, and the gas chamber is connected to one of a plurality of output ends of the first beam splitter. The gas chamber is connected to the second laser through a second beam splitter, the second laser is connected to an input end of the second beam splitter, and the gas chamber is connected to one of a plurality of output ends of the second beam splitter. In this optional manner, two lasers and two beam splitters are disposed, so that the control beam and the detection beam can be provided to the gas chamber in each of the plurality of Rydberg vapor bubbles distributed in the array. This reduces a quantity of disposed lasers and saves space.

[0015] Optionally, the Rydberg vapor bubble further includes a photoelectric detection device connected to the gas chamber. The photoelectric detection device is configured to convert the detection optical signal into a detection electrical signal, where the detection signal includes the detection electrical signal.

[0016] Optionally, on a plane on which the two-dimensional Rydberg array is located, the first laser and the second laser are respectively connected to two sides of the gas chamber in a first direction. The Rydberg vapor bubble further includes a first dichroic mirror, a first polarizer, and a first optical lens that are connected between the first laser and the gas chamber. The first dichroic mirror is configured to receive the detection beam transmitted by the first laser, and set a transmission direction of the detection beam to the first direction. The first polarizer is configured to receive the detection beam, and transmit the detection beam whose polarization direction is a second direction to the first optical lens. The first optical lens is configured to converge the detection beam whose polarization direction is the second direction, and transmit the detection beam to the gas chamber in the first direction. The Rydberg vapor bubble further includes a second dichroic mirror, a second polarizer, and a second optical lens that are connected between the second laser and the gas chamber. The second dichroic mirror is configured to receive the control beam transmitted by the second laser, and set a transmission direction of the control beam to a third direction, where the third direction is opposite to the first direction. The second polarizer is configured to receive the control beam, and transmit the control beam whose polarization direction is the second direction to the second optical lens. The second optical lens is configured to converge the control beam whose polarization direction is the second direction, and transmit the control beam to the gas chamber in the third direction.

[0017] Optionally, the Rydberg atom includes one or more of the following: a lithium atom, a sodium atom, a potassium atom, a cesium atom, and a rubidium atom.

[0018] Optionally, the inert gas includes one or more of the following: a helium atomic gas, a neon atomic gas, an argon atomic gas, a krypton atomic gas, and a xenon atomic gas.

[0019] According to a second aspect, a communication device is provided. The communication device includes a receiver, and an antenna according to any one of the first aspect that is connected to the receiver.

[0020] Optionally, the receiver includes a receive link detection module and a receive baseband. The receive link detection module is configured to receive a detection signal transmitted by the antenna, and determine, based on the detection signal, a predetermined parameter of a first electromagnetic wave received by the antenna. The receive baseband is configured to obtain received data in the first electromagnetic wave based on the first electromagnetic wave.

[0021] Optionally, the predetermined parameter includes one or more of the following: an amplitude, a phase, a frequency, and field strength.

[0022] Optionally, the communication device further includes a transmitter. The transmitter includes a transmit link radio frequency module. The transmit link radio frequency module is configured to generate a reference signal based on a local oscillation signal generated by a local oscillation source, and transmit the reference signal to a feed of the antenna.

[0023] Optionally, the transmitter further includes a transmit baseband. The transmit baseband is configured to receive transmitted data, and generate a transmit baseband signal based on the transmitted data. The transmit link radio frequency module is further configured to generate an excitation signal based on the transmit baseband signal, and transmit the excitation signal to the feed of the antenna.

[0024] For technical effects achieved by any possible implementation of the second aspect, refer to the technical effects achieved by the implementations of the first aspect. Details are not described herein again.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a structure of a space-ground integrated network according to an embodiment of this application; FIG. 2 is a diagram of a system architecture of a satellite according to an embodiment of this application; FIG. 3 is a diagram of a structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of this application; FIG. 4 is a diagram of a structure of a two-dimensional Rydberg array in an antenna according to an embodiment of this application; FIG. 5 is a diagram of a structure of a Rydberg vapor bubble in a two-dimensional Rydberg array according to an embodiment of this application; FIG. 6 is a diagram of a principle of a Rydberg vapor bubble according to an embodiment of this application; FIG. 7 is a diagram of a structure of a two-dimensional Rydberg array and a spiral tube in an antenna according to an embodiment of this application; FIG. 8a is another diagram of a structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of this application; FIG. 8b is still another diagram of a structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of this application; FIG. 9 is a diagram of a structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application; and FIG. 10 is a diagram of a system architecture of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The following describes the technical solutions in embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings in embodiments of this application. It is clear that the described embodiments are merely some rather than all of embodiments of this application.

[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have same meanings as those commonly known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. In this application, "at least one (layer)" means one (layer) or more (layers), and "a plurality of (layers)" means two (layers) or more (layers). The term "and / or" describes an association relationship between associated objects, and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent the following cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects. "At least one item (piece) of the following" or a similar expression thereof means any combination of these items, including a singular item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces). For example, at least one item (piece) of a, b, or c may represent: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a, b, and c, where a, b, and c may be singular or plural. In addition, in embodiments of this application, terms such as "first" and "second" do not limit a quantity or an execution sequence.

[0028] In addition, in this application, position terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to illustrative positions of components in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these direction terms are relative concepts and are used for relative description and clarification, and may vary accordingly depending on a change of the positions of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0029] It should be noted that, in this application, the terms such as "example" or "for example" are used to represent giving an example, an illustration, or a description. Any embodiment or design scheme described as an "example" or "for example" in this application should not be explained as being more preferred or having more advantages than another embodiment or design scheme. To be precise, use of the word such as "example" or "for example" is intended to present a relative concept in a specific manner.

[0030] The following describes technical terms in embodiments of this application.

[0031] Rydberg atom: The Rydberg atom is an atom whose outermost electron is in a highly excited state, that is, an atom, in the highly excited state, with a large principal quantum quantity n. The Rydberg atom has characteristics such as a large orbit radius, a long radiation life, a large polarization rate, and strong interaction.

[0032] At present, with continuous development of the information-based society, a communication network is also facing great challenges. To achieve a wider network coverage, a space-ground integrated network has gradually become a core of the development of the information-based society. Refer to FIG. 1. An embodiment of this application provides a diagram of a structure of a space-ground integrated network. A communication device in the space-ground integrated network includes a satellite 101, a ground station 102, and terminal devices. Refer to FIG. 1. The terminal devices include a terminal device 1030 and a terminal device 1031.

[0033] The space-ground integrated network shown in FIG. 1 may be used in various communication systems. The communication systems may be a 3rd generation (3rd generation, 3G) mobile communication system, a 4th generation (4th generation, 4G) mobile communication system (for example, long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) or an advanced long term evolution (advanced long term evolution, LTE-A)) system, a 5th generation (5th generation, 5G) mobile communication system, and a subsequent evolved communication system. This is not limited in embodiments of this application.

[0034] The terminal device in FIG. 1, for example, the terminal device 1030 or the terminal device 1031, is a device having a wireless transceiver function. Specifically, the terminal device may be deployed on land, including an indoor device or an outdoor device, a handheld device, a wearable device, or a vehicle-mounted device. The terminal device may alternatively be deployed on the water (for example, a ship). The terminal device may alternatively be deployed on the air (for example, an aircraft, a balloon, or a satellite). The terminal device may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer, a computer having a wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (virtual reality, VR) terminal, an augmented reality (augmented reality, AR) terminal, a terminal in industrial control (industrial control), a vehicle-mounted terminal, a terminal in self-driving (self-driving), a terminal in assisted driving, a terminal in telemedicine (remote medical), a terminal in a smart grid (smart grid), a terminal in transportation safety (transportation safety), or a terminal in a smart city (smart city), a terminal in a smart home (smart home), or the like. An application scenario is not limited in embodiments of this application. The terminal device may also be sometimes referred to as a terminal, user equipment (user equipment, UE), an access terminal, a vehicle-mounted terminal, a terminal in industrial control, a UE unit, a UE station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a UE terminal device, a wireless communication device, a machine terminal, a UE agent, a UE apparatus, or the like. The terminal device may be fixed or mobile. The space-ground integrated network system shown in FIG. 1 may further include more or fewer terminal devices.

[0035] The satellite 101 mainly provides a wireless access service for the terminal device, schedules a radio resource for an accessing terminal device, and provides a reliable wireless transmission protocol, a reliable data encryption protocol, and the like. Specifically, the satellite 101 is a repeater used for wireless communication, for example, an artificial earth satellite and / or a high-altitude aircraft. The satellite 101 may be a geostationary earth orbit (geostationary earth orbit, GEO) satellite, also referred to as a synchronous orbit satellite or a high orbit satellite; a medium earth orbit (medium earth orbit, MEO) satellite, also referred to as a medium orbit satellite; or a low earth orbit (low earth orbit, LEO) satellite, also referred to as a low orbit satellite. An orbital altitude of the GEO satellite is 35786 kilometers (km), an orbital altitude of the MEO satellite is 2000 km to 35786 km, and an orbital altitude of the LEO satellite is 300 km to 2000 km.

[0036] The ground station 102 is also referred to as a satellite earth station (satellite earth station). The ground station 102 may transmit data to the satellite 101, or may receive data forwarded by another communication device through the satellite 101. Generally, the ground station is a ground device that is disposed on the surface of the earth (including a device disposed on a ship or an aircraft) for satellite communication.

[0037] Refer to FIG. 1. The satellite 101 may communicate with the terminal device (the terminal device 1030 and / or the terminal device 1031). For example, the terminal device 1030 and / or the terminal device 1031 may transmit data to the satellite 101, and the satellite 101 receives the transmitted data of the terminal device 1030 and / or the terminal device 1031, and processes the transmitted data of the terminal device 1030 and / or the terminal device 1031. Alternatively, the satellite 101 and the ground station 102 may further communicate with each other, and jointly process the transmitted data received from the terminal device 1030 and / or the terminal device 1031.

[0038] It should be noted that, in the space-ground integrated network shown in FIG. 1, if any communication device (for example, the satellite 101, the ground station 102, or the terminal device) has a capability of receiving data and transmitting data, the communication device may be referred to as a transmitting device or a receiving device. For example, the satellite 101 may transmit data to the terminal device and the ground station 102, and the ground station 102 and the terminal device receive the transmitted data of the satellite 101. Alternatively, the ground station 102 may transmit the data to the satellite 101, and the satellite 101 receives the transmitted data of the ground station 102.

[0039] When the terminal device transmits data to the satellite 101, the terminal device modulates the data that needs to be transmitted into a transmittable electromagnetic wave, and transmits the electromagnetic wave carrying the transmitted data to the satellite 101. In this case, the satellite 101 not only needs to receive the electromagnetic wave that carries the transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device, but also needs to process the electromagnetic wave that carries the transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device, to obtain the transmitted data of the terminal device.

[0040] To obtain the data transmitted by the terminal device, as shown in FIG. 2, an antenna 201 and a receiver 202 usually need to be deployed on the satellite 101. The antenna 201 is configured to receive an electromagnetic wave that carries the transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device, and transmit, to the receiver 202, the electromagnetic wave that carries the transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device. The receiver 202 processes the electromagnetic wave that carries the transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device.

[0041] For example, when the receiver 202 is a superheterodyne receiver, the superheterodyne receiver includes a high frequency amplifier 2021, a frequency mixer 2022, a local oscillation source 2023, an intermediate frequency amplifier 2024, and a demodulator 2025.

[0042] In this case, the antenna 201 is configured to transmit, to the high frequency amplifier 2021, the received electromagnetic wave that carries the transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device. The high frequency amplifier 2021 is configured to amplify the electromagnetic wave that carries transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device. Because a distance between the satellite 101 and the terminal device is large, the electromagnetic wave that carries transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device is attenuated in a process of transmitting the electromagnetic wave to the satellite 101, and power of an attenuated electromagnetic wave is very low. Therefore, the high frequency amplifier 2021 needs to amplify the electromagnetic wave that carries the transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device, and the high frequency amplifier 2021 needs to amplify a part of interest in the electromagnetic wave that carries transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device, to generate a high frequency signal, and then transmit the high frequency signal to the frequency mixer 2022.

[0043] The local oscillation source 2023 is configured to generate a signal of a fixed frequency, which is referred to as a local oscillator signal. A frequency of the local oscillator signal is higher than a frequency of the high frequency signal. In addition, the local oscillation source transmits the local oscillator signal to the frequency mixer 2022. The frequency mixer 2022 mixes the local oscillator signal and the high frequency signal to generate an intermediate frequency signal, and transmits the intermediate frequency signal to the intermediate frequency amplifier 2024. The intermediate frequency amplifier 2024 is configured to amplify the intermediate frequency signal to increase a gain, and then transmit the intermediate frequency signal to the demodulator 2025. The demodulator 2025 is configured to obtain, based on the intermediate frequency signal, the transmitted data in the electromagnetic wave that carries the transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device, to implement communication between the terminal device and the satellite.

[0044] However, a terminal device in an existing space-ground integrated network usually perceives a limited rate of transmitted data, because a signal-to-noise ratio of an electromagnetic wave that carries the transmitted data, that is transmitted by the terminal device, and that is received by the receiver deployed on the satellite 101 is not high enough. A value of the signal-to-noise ratio of the electromagnetic wave that carries the transmitted data, that is transmitted by the terminal device, and that is received by the receiver depends on transmit power of a transmitter in the terminal device, a transmission loss of a transmission channel between the terminal device and the satellite 101, and receiver sensitivity of the antenna deployed on the satellite 101.

[0045] In a determined space-ground integrated network, a transmission distance between the terminal device and the satellite 101 is long, and a transmission loss is high. In addition, because the terminal device is usually small, the transmit power of the transmitter in the terminal device is limited. In this case, to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the electromagnetic wave that carries transmitted data, that is transmitted by the terminal device, and that is received by the receiver in the satellite 101, the receiver sensitivity of the antenna deployed on the satellite 101 may be improved.

[0046] Refer to FIG. 3. An embodiment of this application provides an antenna 30. The antenna 30 may be deployed on the satellite 101 and / or the ground station 102 shown in FIG. 1. The antenna 30 includes a reflection structure 301 and a two-dimensional Rydberg array 302. The reflection structure 301 is configured to receive a first electromagnetic wave. For example, the first electromagnetic wave may be transmitted by a transmitting device. The reflection structure 301 is further configured to reflect the first electromagnetic wave. For details, refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3. The transmitting device may be the terminal device. In this case, the first electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave that carries transmitted data and that is transmitted by the terminal device to the satellite 101, and the antenna 30 is deployed on the satellite 101. Alternatively, the transmitting device may be the satellite 101. In this case, the first electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave that carries transmitted data and that is transmitted by the satellite 101 to the ground station 102, and the antenna 30 is deployed on the ground station 102. Alternatively, the transmitting device may be the ground station 102. In this case, the first electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave that carries transmitted data and that is transmitted by the ground station 102 to the satellite 101, and the antenna 30 is deployed on the satellite 101. After the transmitting device transmits the first electromagnetic wave, the reflection structure 301 in the antenna 30 receives the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transmitting device, and reflects the first electromagnetic wave.

[0047] The two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 is configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave reflected by the reflection structure 301. The two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 includes a plurality of Rydberg vapor bubbles distributed in an array. The Rydberg vapor bubble is configured to generate a detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave, and output the detection signal, for example, transmit the detection signal to the receiver. For details, refer to FIG. 4. A two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 includes Rydberg vapor bubbles 400 distributed in an array of N rows*M columns. For example, each Rydberg vapor bubble 400 is approximately 1 cubic centimeter, and a distance between any two Rydberg vapor bubbles 400 is 0.5 centimeter, to facilitate manufacturing of the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in a process. In addition, the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 is configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave reflected by the reflection structure 301, and the first electromagnetic wave is reflected to the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in a direction of a z-axis (or a direction that has a predetermined included angle relative to the z-axis). Then, the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 is configured to generate a detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave, and transmit the detection signal to a receiver. The detection signal received by the receiver may be a detection signal transmitted by a predetermined quantity of Rydberg vapor bubbles 400 selected by the receiver, or may be a detection signal generated by each Rydberg vapor bubble 400 and received by the receiver.

[0048] In the foregoing antenna, the reflection structure reflects, to the two-dimensional Rydberg array, the received first electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transmitting device. The two-dimensional Rydberg array includes the Rydberg vapor bubbles distributed in the array. After the Rydberg vapor bubble receives the first electromagnetic wave, the Rydberg vapor bubble may detect the first electromagnetic wave, and generate the detection signal. When the detection signal is transmitted to the receiver, the receiver obtains, from the first electromagnetic wave, transmitted data transmitted by the transmitting device. Because the Rydberg vapor bubble in the two-dimensional Rydberg array is sensitive to a reaction to the first electromagnetic wave, when the two-dimensional Rydberg array is deployed on the antenna, sensitivity of receiving the first electromagnetic wave by the antenna is improved. After the sensitivity of receiving the first electromagnetic wave by the antenna becomes higher, a received signal-to-noise ratio of receiving the first electromagnetic wave by a receiver connected to the antenna also increases synchronously.

[0049] Refer to FIG. 4. The first electromagnetic wave is reflected to the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in the direction of the z-axis (or in the direction that has the predetermined included angle relative to the z-axis). Therefore, to enable the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 to generate the detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave, a control beam and a detection beam further need to be provided to each Rydberg vapor bubble 400. As shown in FIG. 4, the detection beam provided to the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 may pass through the Rydberg vapor bubble in a direction from -x to x, and the control beam provided to the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 may pass through the Rydberg vapor bubble in a direction from x to -x.

[0050] For example, refer to FIG. 5. An embodiment of this application provides a diagram of a structure of a Rydberg vapor bubble 400. The Rydberg vapor bubble 400 includes a gas chamber 401 and a mixed atomic gas provided in the gas chamber 401, and the mixed atomic gas includes a Rydberg atom and an inert gas. For example, the Rydberg atom includes one or more of the following: a lithium atom, a sodium atom, a potassium atom, a cesium atom, and a rubidium atom, and the inert gas includes one or more of the following: a helium atomic gas, a neon atomic gas, an argon atomic gas, a krypton atomic gas, and a xenon atomic gas. In addition, the gas chamber 401 is connected with a laser 51 and a laser 52. After the two-dimensional Rydberg array receives the first electromagnetic wave reflected by the reflection structure, the first electromagnetic wave is actually transmitted to each Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the two-dimensional Rydberg array in the direction of the z-axis (or in the direction that has the predetermined included angle relative to the z-axis), and the gas chamber 401 in the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 is mainly configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave. For example, after the first electromagnetic wave is reflected by the reflection structure to the gas chamber 401, the laser 51 is configured to transmit a detection beam to the gas chamber 401. The laser 52 is configured to transmit a control beam to the gas chamber 401. The mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber 401 is used to change a physical parameter of the detection beam under action of the control beam, to generate a detection optical signal, where the detection signal includes the detection optical signal.

[0051] Refer to FIG. 5. To generate a predetermined detection optical signal, on a plane on which the two-dimensional Rydberg array is located, the laser 51 and the laser 52 are respectively connected to two sides of the gas chamber 401 in a first direction through optical fibers. For example, the first direction may be the direction from -x to x. The Rydberg vapor bubble 400 further includes a dichroic mirror 402, a polarizer 403, and an optical lens 404 that are connected between the laser 51 and the gas chamber 401. The dichroic mirror 402 is configured to receive the detection beam transmitted by the laser 51, and set a transmission direction of the detection beam to the first direction from -x to x. The polarizer 403 is configured to receive the detection beam, and transmit a detection beam whose polarization direction is a second direction to the optical lens 404. The optical lens 404 is configured to converge the detection beam whose polarization direction is the second direction, and transmit the detection beam to the gas chamber 401 in the first direction from -x to x. The Rydberg vapor bubble 400 further includes a dichroic mirror 405, a polarizer 406, and an optical lens 407 that are connected between the laser 52 and the gas chamber 401. The dichroic mirror 405 is configured to receive the control beam transmitted by the laser 52, and set a transmission direction of the control beam to a third direction from x to -x, where the third direction is opposite to the first direction. The polarizer 406 is configured to receive the control beam, and transmit a control beam whose polarization direction is the second direction to the optical lens 407. The optical lens 407 is configured to converge the control beam whose polarization direction is the second direction, and transmit the control beam to the gas chamber 401 in the third direction from x to -x.

[0052] Then, after the first electromagnetic wave is reflected by the reflection structure to the gas chamber 401, the mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber 401 is used to change the physical parameter of the detection beam under action of the control beam, to generate the detection optical signal. The detection optical signal is transmitted to the receiver connected to the antenna 30 through the optical lens 407, the polarizer 406, and the dichroic mirror 405. The control beam is transmitted to the dichroic mirror 402 through the optical lens 404 and the polarizer 403, and the control beam is absorbed by a -x sidewall of the dichroic mirror 402.

[0053] For details, refer to FIG. 5. The detection beam is transmitted to the gas chamber 401 in the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the first direction from -x to x, and the control beam is transmitted to the gas chamber 401 in the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the third direction from x to -x. The Rydberg atom in the gas chamber 401 generates electromagnetically induced transparency (electromagnetically induced transparency, EIT) under action of the detection beam and the control beam. Refer to FIG. 6. A horizontal coordinate represents a frequency of the detection beam, and a vertical coordinate represents an amplitude of the detection beam. A waveform 1 is generated when no first electromagnetic wave is reflected to the gas chamber 401. When the control beam exists, the Rydberg atom in the gas chamber 401 does not absorb the detection beam, in other words, a transparency phenomenon is caused, and an absorption peak sinks. When the control beam does not exist, the Rydberg atom in the gas chamber 401 almost totally absorbs the detection beam, to form an absorption peak. For example, a wave peak a1 appears in the waveform 1 at a frequency f1, and the wave peak a1 is the absorption peak.

[0054] Refer to FIG. 6. A waveform 2 is generated when the first electromagnetic wave is reflected to the gas chamber 401. When the first electromagnetic wave is transmitted in the direction of the z-axis (or in the direction that has the predetermined included angle relative to the z-axis) to the gas chamber 401 in each Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the two-dimensional Rydberg array, AT (autler-townes) splitting occurs on the absorption peak in the waveform 1 to form two absorption peaks. For example, the waveform 2 has a wave peak a2 at frequency f2, and the waveform 2 has the wave peak a2 at frequency f3. The two wave peaks in the waveform 2 are formed by the AT splitting of the absorption peak in the waveform 1. The frequency f2 and the frequency f3 are on two sides of the frequency f1. The wave peak a1 is higher than the wave peak a2, and a split magnitude between the wave peaks a2 at the frequency f2 and the frequency f3 is related to the first electromagnetic wave. In other words, the mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber 401, especially the Rydberg atom in the gas chamber 401, receives the first electromagnetic wave, and changes the physical parameter (for example, the foregoing absorption peak) of the detection beam under action of the control beam, to generate the detection optical signal.

[0055] Refer to FIG. 5. In some other embodiments, the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 further includes a photoelectric detection device 408 connected to the gas chamber 401. The photoelectric detection device 408 is specifically connected to the dichroic mirror 405, and is configured to: receive the detection optical signal transmitted by the gas chamber 401 through the optical lens 407, the polarizer 406, and the dichroic mirror 405, convert the detection optical signal into a detection electrical signal, where the detection signal includes the detection electrical signal, and then transmit the detection electrical signal to the receiver connected to the antenna 30.

[0056] For example, refer to FIG. 5. In the Rydberg vapor bubble 400, a glass wall 409 is usually further disposed, the gas chamber 401 is disposed in the glass wall 409, and the optical lens 404 and the optical lens 407 are disposed on two sides of the gas chamber 401 in the first direction from -x to x, and are disposed on an inner side of the glass wall 409. The polarizer 403 is disposed on an outer side of the glass wall 409 and is in contact with the optical lens 404. The dichroic mirror 402 is disposed on an outer side of the glass wall 409 and is in contact with the polarizer 403. The polarizer 406 is disposed on an outer side of the glass wall 409 and is in contact with the optical lens 407. The dichroic mirror 405 is disposed on the outer side of the glass wall 409 and is in contact with the polarizer 406.

[0057] In an embodiment, to enable the detection beam to be transmitted to the gas chamber 401 in the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the first direction from -x to x, and enable the control beam to be transmitted to the gas chamber 401 in the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the third direction from x to -x, in the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302, one laser may be disposed in a -x direction of each Rydberg vapor bubble 400. The laser transmits the detection beam to the gas chamber 401 in the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 connected to the laser, and the detection beam is transmitted to the gas chamber 401 in the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the direction from -x to x. In addition, one laser is also disposed in an x direction of each Rydberg vapor bubble. The laser transmits the control beam to the gas chamber 401 in the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 connected to the laser, and the control beam is transmitted to the gas chamber 401 in the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the direction from x to -x. Therefore, 2*M*N lasers need to be disposed to provide the control beam and the detection beam to the gas chamber 401 in each of Rydberg vapor bubbles 400 distributed in the array of N rows*M columns.

[0058] In another embodiment, to enable the detection beam to be transmitted to the gas chamber 401 in the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the first direction from -x to x, and enable the control beam to be transmitted to the gas chamber 401 in the Rydberg vapor bubble 400 in the third direction from x to -x, the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 may alternatively be connected to only two lasers. Specifically, a first laser is disposed in an -x direction of the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302, and a first beam splitter is further disposed between the first laser and the Rydberg vapor bubble 400. The gas chamber 401 in each of the Rydberg vapor bubbles 400 distributed in the array of N rows*M columns is connected to the first laser through the first beam splitter. The first laser is connected to an input end of the first beam splitter. The gas chamber 401 in each of the Rydberg vapor bubbles 400 distributed in the array of N rows*M columns is connected to one of a plurality of output ends of the first beam splitter. For example, the first beam splitter includes one 1-to-M frequency-division comb and M 1-to-N frequency-division combs. The 1-to-M frequency-division comb includes one input end and M output ends, and the 1-to-N frequency-division comb includes one input end and N output ends. The input end of the 1-to-M frequency-division comb is connected to the first laser, the M output ends of the 1-to-M frequency-division comb are each connected to an input end of one 1-to-N frequency-division comb, and the N output ends of each 1-to-N frequency-division comb are respectively connected to gas chambers 401 in N Rydberg vapor bubbles 400. In this case, when the first laser transmits a detection beam, the detection beam is separately transmitted, through the first beam splitter, to the gas chamber 401 in each of the Rydberg vapor bubbles 400 distributed in the array of N rows*M columns.

[0059] In addition, a second laser is also disposed in the x direction of the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302, and a second beam splitter is further disposed between the second laser and the Rydberg vapor bubble 400. The gas chamber 401 in each of the Rydberg vapor bubbles 400 distributed in the array of N rows*M columns is connected to the second laser through the second beam splitter. The second laser is connected to an input end of the second beam splitter. The gas chamber 401 in each of the Rydberg vapor bubbles 400 distributed in the array of N rows*M columns is connected to one of a plurality of output ends of the second beam splitter. For example, the second beam splitter includes one 1-to-M frequency-division comb and M 1-to-N frequency-division combs. The 1-to-M frequency-division comb includes one input end and M output ends, and the 1-to-N frequency-division comb includes one input end and N output ends. The input end of the 1-to-M frequency-division comb is connected to the second laser, the M output ends of the 1-to-M frequency-division comb are each connected to an input end of one 1-to-N frequency-division comb, and the N output ends of each 1-to-N frequency-division comb are respectively connected to gas chambers 401 in N Rydberg vapor bubbles 400. In this case, when the second laser transmits a control beam, the control beam is transmitted, through the second beam splitter, to the gas chamber 401 in each of the Rydberg vapor bubbles 400 distributed in the array of N rows*M columns. In this example, two lasers and two beam splitters are disposed, so that the control beam and the detection beam can be provided to the gas chamber in each of the Rydberg vapor bubbles distributed in the array of N rows*M columns. This reduces a quantity of disposed lasers and saves space.

[0060] It should be noted that, in the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302, the detection beam provided to the gas chamber 401 in each of the Rydberg vapor bubbles 400 distributed in the array of N rows*M columns may alternatively be transmitted to the gas chamber 401 in a direction from -y to y. The control beam provided to the gas chamber in each of the Rydberg vapor bubbles distributed in the array of N rows*M columns may alternatively be transmitted to the gas chamber 401 in a direction from y to -y. Transmission directions of the detection beam and the control beam are not limited in embodiments of this application. A position at which the laser is disposed and a quantity of disposed lasers are not limited.

[0061] In some other embodiments, to implement quick detection of different first electromagnetic waves, refer to FIG. 3. The antenna 30 further includes a spiral tube 303. Refer to FIG. 7. A center line of the spiral tube 303 is perpendicular to a first plane on which the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 is located. The first plane is a plane formed by an x-axis and a y-axis. The first electromagnetic wave is reflected to the gas chamber in each Rydberg vapor bubble in the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in the direction of the z-axis (or the direction that has the predetermined included angle relative to the z-axis). When the spiral tube 303 is powered on, the spiral tube 303 is configured to provide a detection magnetic field for the gas chamber in each Rydberg vapor bubble in the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302. The mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber is specifically used to change the physical parameter of the detection beam under action of the control beam and the detection magnetic field, to generate the detection optical signal, where the detection signal includes a detection optical signal. For example, it is assumed that a quantity of coils having a unit length of the spiral tube 303 is n, a magnitude of a power-on current applied to the spiral tube 303 is i, and a vacuum magnetic permeability is µ 0 . In this case, current strength of the detection magnetic field is µ 0 ×i×n, and the detection magnetic field provides a uniform magnetic field to the two-dimensional Rydberg array. In addition, a direction of the detection magnetic field provided by the spiral tube 303 to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 shown in FIG. 7 is parallel to the z-axis. Under action of the detection magnetic field, the mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber in the Rydberg vapor bubble in the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 moves, so that a concentration of a Rydberg atom in the mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber changes. In this case, when the concentration of the Rydberg atom changes, different first electromagnetic waves can be detected. For example, when the first electromagnetic wave changes, the changed first electromagnetic wave can be detected by powering on the spiral tube 303. This increases a tuning speed of the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in detecting the different first electromagnetic waves.

[0062] In this way, the two-dimensional Rydberg array can detect field strength, a frequency, an amplitude, and the like of the first electromagnetic wave.

[0063] For details, refer to FIG. 8a. An embodiment of this application provides a first diagram of the antenna 30. The reflection structure 301 in the antenna 30 includes a reflective surface 3011. The reflective surface 3011 is a paraboloid. The antenna 30 is also referred to as a parabolic antenna. The paraboloid has a focus F1, and an opening of the paraboloid faces the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302. The two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 is disposed between the focus F1 of the reflective surface 3011 and the reflective surface 3011. In this case, the reflective surface 3011 is configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transmitting device, and reflect the first electromagnetic wave to the two-dimensional Rydberg array. The first electromagnetic wave is transmitted from a -z side of the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in the direction of the z-axis (or the direction that has the predetermined included angle relative to the z-axis).

[0064] For example, to enable the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 to further detect a phase of the first electromagnetic wave, refer to FIG. 8a. The antenna 30 further includes a feed 304. The feed 304 is disposed at the focus F1, and the feed 304 is configured to receive a reference signal. The reference signal may be transmitted by a transmitter, and the transmitter generates the reference signal based on a local oscillation signal generated by a local oscillation source. Specifically, the local oscillation source generates the local oscillation signal, where a frequency of the local oscillation signal is fixed, and a phase of the local oscillation signal is also determined. The local oscillation source transmits the local oscillation signal to the transmitter, and the transmitter generates the reference signal based on the local oscillation signal. For example, the transmitter may generate a signal within a large frequency range, and the transmitter selects a signal of a frequency based on the signal of the local oscillation signal within the large frequency range, generates the reference signal, and transmits the reference signal to the feed 304.

[0065] The feed 304 is further configured to generate a reference electromagnetic wave based on the reference signal, and transmit the reference electromagnetic wave to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302. Specifically, the reference signal excites the feed 304, so that the feed 304 generates the reference electromagnetic wave, and the reference electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in a direction from z to -z.

[0066] The Rydberg vapor bubble in the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 is specifically configured to generate the detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave and the reference electromagnetic wave, and output the detection signal. For example, the detection signal may be transmitted to the receiver connected to the antenna 30. Specifically, when the first electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the -z side of the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in the direction of the z-axis (or the direction that has the predetermined included angle relative to the z-axis), and the reference electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in the direction from z to -z, the gas chamber in the Rydberg vapor bubble is equivalent to a frequency mixer, and is configured to mix the first electromagnetic wave and the reference electromagnetic wave to generate an intermediate frequency signal, so that the detection signal output from the gas chamber of the Rydberg vapor bubble carries phase and frequency information of the intermediate frequency signal. In this case, when the detection signal carrying the phase and frequency information of the intermediate frequency signal is transmitted to the receiver connected to the antenna 30, the receiver may also determine the phase of the first electromagnetic wave.

[0067] Refer to FIG. 8a. When the antenna 30 is configured to transmit data, the feed 304 is further configured to receive an excitation signal transmitted by the transmitter, and generate a second electromagnetic wave based on the excitation signal, where the second electromagnetic wave carries the transmitted data of the transmitter. The reflection structure 301 is further configured to reflect the second electromagnetic wave. For example, the reflection structure 301 reflects the second electromagnetic wave to the receiving device. For example, the reflective surface 3011 may reflect the second electromagnetic wave, so that the second electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the receiving device. FIG. 1 is used as an example. If the antenna 30 is deployed on the satellite 101, the receiving device may be the terminal device and / or the ground station 102. If the antenna 30 is deployed on the ground station 102, the receiving device may be the satellite 101.

[0068] Refer to FIG. 8b. An embodiment of this application provides a second diagram of a structure of the antenna 30. The reflection structure 301 includes a reflective surface 3011 and a reflective surface 3012. The reflective surface 3011 is a paraboloid, and the reflective surface 3012 is a hyperboloid. An opening of the paraboloid faces the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302, and the paraboloid has a focus F1. An opening of the hyperboloid faces away from the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302. The hyperboloid has a focus F2 in a direction of the opening of the hyperboloid and a focus F2 in a direction opposite to the direction of the opening of the hyperboloid. The focus F1 coincides with the focus F2, a focus F3 is on the reflective surface 3011, and a focal axis of the paraboloid coincides with a focal axis of the hyperboloid. The antenna is also referred to as a feedback parabolic antenna or a Cassegrain antenna. The two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 is disposed between the focus F3 and the reflective surface 3012. In this case, the reflective surface 3011 is specifically configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave, and reflect the first electromagnetic wave to the reflective surface 3012. The reflective surface 3012 is specifically configured to reflect, to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302, the first electromagnetic wave reflected by the reflective surface 3011. In addition, the first electromagnetic wave is transmitted from a z side of the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in the direction of the z-axis (or the direction that has the predetermined included angle relative to the z-axis).

[0069] For example, to enable the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 to further detect a phase of the first electromagnetic wave, refer to FIG. 8b. The antenna 30 further includes a feed 304. The feed 304 is disposed at the focus F3, and the feed 304 is configured to receive a reference signal. The reference signal may be transmitted by a transmitter, and the transmitter generates the reference signal based on a local oscillation signal generated by a local oscillation source. Specifically, the local oscillation source generates the local oscillation signal, where a frequency of the local oscillation signal is fixed, and a phase of the local oscillation signal is also determined. The local oscillation source transmits the local oscillation signal to the transmitter, and the transmitter generates a reference signal based on the local oscillation signal. For example, the transmitter may generate a signal within a large frequency range, and the transmitter selects a signal of a frequency based on the signal of the local oscillation signal within the large frequency range, generates the reference signal, and transmits the reference signal to the feed.

[0070] The feed 304 is further configured to generate a reference electromagnetic wave based on the reference signal, and transmit the reference electromagnetic wave to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302. Specifically, the reference signal excites the feed 304, so that the feed 304 generates the reference electromagnetic wave, and the reference electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in a direction from -z to z.

[0071] The Rydberg vapor bubble in the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 is specifically configured to generate the detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave and the reference electromagnetic wave, and output the detection signal. For example, the detection signal may be transmitted to the receiver connected to the antenna 30. Specifically, when the first electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the z side of the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in the direction of the z-axis (or the direction that has the predetermined included angle relative to the z-axis), and the reference electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 in the direction from -z to z, the gas chamber in the Rydberg vapor bubble is equivalent to a frequency mixer, and is configured to mix the first electromagnetic wave and the reference electromagnetic wave to generate an intermediate frequency signal, so that the detection signal output from the gas chamber of the Rydberg vapor bubble carries phase and frequency information of the intermediate frequency signal. In this case, when the detection signal carrying the phase and frequency information of the intermediate frequency signal is transmitted to the receiver connected to the antenna 30, the receiver may also determine the phase of the first electromagnetic wave.

[0072] Refer to FIG. 8b. When the antenna 30 is configured to transmit data, the feed 304 is further configured to receive an excitation signal transmitted by the transmitter, and generate a second electromagnetic wave based on the excitation signal, where the second electromagnetic wave carries the transmitted data of the transmitter. The reflection structure 301 is further configured to reflect the second electromagnetic wave. For example, the reflection structure 301 reflects the second electromagnetic wave to the receiving device. For example, the reflective surface 3012 may reflect the second electromagnetic wave for a first time, so that the second electromagnetic wave is reflected to the reflective surface 3011, and then the reflective surface 3011 reflects the second electromagnetic wave for a second time, so that the second electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the receiving device. FIG. 1 is used as an example. If the antenna 30 is deployed on the satellite 101, the receiving device may be the terminal device and / or the ground station 102. If the antenna 30 is deployed on the ground station 102, the receiving device may be the satellite 101.

[0073] For example, an embodiment of this application further provides a communication device 90. Refer to FIG. 9. The communication device includes a receiver 91 and an antenna 30 connected to the receiver. The receiver 91 includes a receive link detection module 911 and a receive baseband 912. The receive link detection module 911 is configured to receive a detection signal transmitted by the antenna 30, and determine, based on a detection signal, a predetermined parameter of a first electromagnetic wave received by the antenna. The receive baseband 912 obtains received data in the first electromagnetic wave based on the first electromagnetic wave. The predetermined parameter includes one or more of the following: an amplitude of the first electromagnetic wave, a phase of the first electromagnetic wave, a frequency of the first electromagnetic wave, and field strength of the first electromagnetic wave.

[0074] Refer to FIG. 9. The communication device further includes a transmitter 92. The transmitter 92 includes a transmit link radio frequency module 921. The transmit link radio frequency module 921 is connected to a local oscillation source 93, and the local oscillation source 93 is also connected to the receive link detection module 911. When the communication device 90 receives an electromagnetic wave, the transmit link radio frequency module 921 is configured to generate a reference signal based on a local oscillation signal generated by a local oscillation source 93, and transmit the reference signal to a feed 304 of the antenna 30. Specifically, when the communication device 90 is configured to receive data, the receive link detection module 911 generates an instruction signal, where the instruction signal carries a specified frequency, and the receive link detection module 911 transmits the instruction signal to the local oscillation source 93. The local oscillation source 93 generates the local oscillation signal based on the instruction signal. A frequency of the local oscillation signal is the specified frequency carried in the instruction signal. Therefore, the frequency of the local oscillation signal is fixed, and a phase of the local oscillation signal is also determined. The local oscillation source 93 transmits the local oscillation signal to the transmit link radio frequency module 921, and the transmit link radio frequency module 921 generates the reference signal based on the local oscillation signal. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the feed 304 is further configured to generate a reference electromagnetic wave based on the reference signal, and transmit the reference electromagnetic wave to a two-dimensional Rydberg array 302, so that the two-dimensional Rydberg array 302 generates the detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave and the reference electromagnetic wave, and transmits the detection signal to the receiver 91.

[0075] For example, the transmitter 92 further includes a transmit baseband 922. When the communication device 90 transmits an electromagnetic wave, the transmit baseband 922 is configured to receive transmitted data, and generate a transmit baseband signal based on the transmitted data. The transmit link radio frequency module 921 is further configured to generate an excitation signal based on the transmit baseband signal, and transmit the excitation signal to the feed 304 of the antenna. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the feed 304 receives the excitation signal transmitted by the transmit link radio frequency module 921 in the transmitter 92, generates a second electromagnetic wave based on the excitation signal, and transmits the second electromagnetic wave to a reflective surface 3012, where the second electromagnetic wave carries the transmitted data of the transmitter. The reflective surface 3012 reflects the second electromagnetic wave for a first time, so that the second electromagnetic wave is reflected to a reflective surface 3011, and then the reflective surface 3011 reflects the second electromagnetic wave for a second time, so that the second electromagnetic wave is transmitted to a receiving device.

[0076] Refer to FIG. 10. An embodiment of this application provides a system diagram of a structure of a communication device. The communication device includes an antenna 1001, a receiver 1002, a transmitter 1003, and a local oscillation source 1004. The antenna 1001 includes a reflection structure 10011, a two-dimensional Rydberg array 10012, and a feed 10013. The receiver 1002 includes a receive link detection module 10021 and a receive baseband 10022. The transmitter 1003 includes a transmit link radio frequency module 10031 and a transmit baseband 10032.

[0077] When the communication device transmits an electromagnetic wave, first, the transmit baseband 10032 is configured to receive transmitted data, generate a transmit baseband signal based on the transmitted data, and transmit the transmit baseband signal to the transmit link radio frequency module 10031. The transmit link radio frequency module 10031 is configured to generate an excitation signal based on the transmit baseband signal, and transmit the excitation signal to the feed 10013 of the antenna 1001. The feed 10013 is further configured to receive the excitation signal transmitted by the transmit link radio frequency module 10031, and generate a second electromagnetic wave based on the excitation signal, where the second electromagnetic wave carries the transmitted data received by the transmit baseband 10032. The reflection structure 10011 is further configured to reflect the second electromagnetic wave to a receiving device.

[0078] When the communication device receives an electromagnetic wave, the reflection structure 10011 is configured to receive a first electromagnetic wave transmitted by a transmitting device, and reflect the first electromagnetic wave to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 10012. The two-dimensional Rydberg array 10012 is configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave reflected by the reflection structure 10011. The two-dimensional Rydberg array 10012 includes a plurality of Rydberg vapor bubbles distributed in an array. The Rydberg vapor bubble is configured to generate a detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave, and transmit the detection signal to the receive link detection module 10021 in the receiver 1002. The receive link detection module 10021 is configured to receive the detection signal transmitted by the two-dimensional Rydberg array 10012 in the antenna 1001, and determine, based on the detection signal, a predetermined parameter of the first electromagnetic wave received by the antenna 1001, where the predetermined parameter includes one or more of the following: an amplitude of the first electromagnetic wave, a frequency of the first electromagnetic wave, and field strength of the first electromagnetic wave. The receive baseband 10022 obtains received data in the first electromagnetic wave based on the first electromagnetic wave.

[0079] In some embodiments, when the communication device receives an electromagnetic wave, the reflection structure 10011 is configured to receive a first electromagnetic wave transmitted by a transmitting device, and reflect the first electromagnetic wave to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 10012. The receive link detection module 10021 is configured to generate an instruction signal, where the instruction signal carries a specified frequency, and the receive link detection module 10021 transmits the instruction signal to the local oscillation source 1004. The local oscillation source 1004 is configured to generate a local oscillation signal, where a frequency of the local oscillation signal is the specified frequency carried in the instruction signal, so that the frequency of the local oscillation signal is fixed, and a phase of the local oscillation signal is also determined. The local oscillation source 1004 transmits the local oscillation signal to the transmit link radio frequency module 10031. The transmit link radio frequency module 10031 is configured to generate a reference signal based on the local oscillation signal generated by the local oscillation source 1004, and transmit the reference signal to the feed 10013 of the antenna 1001. The feed 10013 is further configured to generate a reference electromagnetic wave based on the reference signal, and transmit the reference electromagnetic wave to the two-dimensional Rydberg array 10012. The two-dimensional Rydberg array 10012 is configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave reflected by the reflection structure 10011 and the reference electromagnetic wave transmitted by the feed 10013, and the two-dimensional Rydberg array 10012 includes a plurality of Rydberg vapor bubbles distributed in an array. The Rydberg vapor bubble is configured to generate a detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave and the reference electromagnetic wave, and transmit the detection signal to the receive link detection module 10021 in the receiver 1002. The receive link detection module 10021 is further configured to receive the detection signal transmitted by the two-dimensional Rydberg array 10012 in the antenna 1001, and determine, based on the detection signal, a predetermined parameter of the first electromagnetic wave received by the antenna 1001, where the predetermined parameter includes one or more of the following: an amplitude of the first electromagnetic wave, a frequency of the first electromagnetic wave, field strength of the first electromagnetic wave, and a phase of the first electromagnetic wave. The receive baseband 10022 obtains the received data in the first electromagnetic wave based on the first electromagnetic wave.

[0080] Although the present invention is described with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, it is clear that various modifications and combinations may be made to them without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Correspondingly, the specification and the accompanying drawings are merely example descriptions of the present invention defined in the appended claims, and are considered as any of or all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents that cover the scope of the present invention. It is clear that, a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In this way, the present invention is intended to cover these modifications and variations of the present invention provided that they fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies.

Claims

1. An antenna, comprising a reflection structure and a two-dimensional Rydberg array, wherein the reflection structure is configured to receive a first electromagnetic wave; the reflection structure is further configured to reflect the first electromagnetic wave; the two-dimensional Rydberg array is configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave reflected by the reflection structure; and the two-dimensional Rydberg array comprises a plurality of Rydberg vapor bubbles distributed in an array, and the Rydberg vapor bubble is configured to generate a detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave, and output the detection signal.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the reflection structure comprises a first reflective surface; and the first reflective surface is a paraboloid, and an opening of the paraboloid faces the two-dimensional Rydberg array; and the two-dimensional Rydberg array is disposed between a first focus of the first reflective surface and the first reflective surface.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the reflection structure comprises a first reflective surface and a second reflective surface, the first reflective surface is a paraboloid, and the second reflective surface is a hyperboloid; an opening of the paraboloid faces the two-dimensional Rydberg array, the paraboloid has a first focus, an opening of the hyperboloid faces away from the two-dimensional Rydberg array, and the hyperboloid has a second focus in a direction of the opening of the hyperboloid and a third focus in a direction opposite to the direction of the opening of the hyperboloid; the first focus coincides with the second focus, the third focus is located on the first reflective surface, and the two-dimensional Rydberg array is disposed between the third focus and the second reflective surface; the first reflective surface is specifically configured to receive the first electromagnetic wave, and reflect the first electromagnetic wave to the second reflective surface; and the second reflective surface is specifically configured to reflect, to the two-dimensional Rydberg array, the first electromagnetic wave reflected by the first reflective surface.

4. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a feed, wherein the feed is configured to receive a reference signal; the feed is further configured to generate a reference electromagnetic wave based on the reference signal, and transmit the reference electromagnetic wave to the two-dimensional Rydberg array; and the Rydberg vapor bubble is specifically configured to generate the detection signal based on the first electromagnetic wave and the reference electromagnetic wave, and output the detection signal.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, wherein the feed is further configured to receive an excitation signal, and generate a second electromagnetic wave based on the excitation signal; and the reflection structure is further configured to reflect the second electromagnetic wave.

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the Rydberg vapor bubble comprises a gas chamber and a mixed atomic gas provided in the gas chamber, and the mixed atomic gas comprises a Rydberg atom and an inert gas; the gas chamber is connected to a first laser and a second laser; after the first electromagnetic wave is reflected to the gas chamber, the first laser is configured to transmit a detection beam to the gas chamber; the second laser is configured to transmit a control beam to the gas chamber; and the mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber is used to change a physical parameter of the detection beam under action of the control beam, to generate a detection optical signal, wherein the detection signal comprises the detection optical signal.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, further comprising a spiral tube, wherein a center line of the spiral tube is perpendicular to a first plane on which the two-dimensional Rydberg array is located; the spiral tube is configured to provide a detection magnetic field to the gas chamber; and the mixed atomic gas in the gas chamber is specifically used to change the physical parameter of the detection beam under action of the control beam and the detection magnetic field, to generate the detection optical signal, wherein the detection signal comprises the detection optical signal.

8. The antenna according to claim 6, wherein the gas chamber is connected to the first laser through a first beam splitter, the first laser is connected to an input end of the first beam splitter, and the gas chamber is connected to one of a plurality of output ends of the first beam splitter; and the gas chamber is connected to the second laser through a second beam splitter, the second laser is connected to an input end of the second beam splitter, and the gas chamber is connected to one of a plurality of output ends of the second beam splitter.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the Rydberg vapor bubble further comprises a photoelectric detection device connected to the gas chamber; and the photoelectric detection device is configured to convert the detection optical signal into a detection electrical signal, wherein the detection signal comprises the detection electrical signal.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein on a plane on which the two-dimensional Rydberg array is located, the first laser and the second laser are respectively connected to two sides of the gas chamber in a first direction; the Rydberg vapor bubble further comprises a first dichroic mirror, a first polarizer, and a first optical lens that are connected between the first laser and the gas chamber; the first dichroic mirror is configured to receive the detection beam transmitted by the first laser, and set a transmission direction of the detection beam to the first direction; the first polarizer is configured to receive the detection beam, and transmit the detection beam whose polarization direction is a second direction to the first optical lens; the first optical lens is configured to converge the detection beam whose polarization direction is the second direction, and transmit the detection beam to the gas chamber in the first direction; the Rydberg vapor bubble further comprises a second dichroic mirror, a second polarizer, and a second optical lens that are connected between the second laser and the gas chamber; the second dichroic mirror is configured to receive the control beam transmitted by the second laser, and set a transmission direction of the control beam to a third direction, wherein the third direction is opposite to the first direction; the second polarizer is configured to receive the control beam, and transmit the control beam whose polarization direction is the second direction to the second optical lens; and the second optical lens is configured to converge the control beam whose polarization direction is the second direction, and transmit the control beam to the gas chamber in the third direction.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the Rydberg atom comprises one or more of the following: a lithium atom, a sodium atom, a potassium atom, a cesium atom, and a rubidium atom.

12. The antenna according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the inert gas comprises one or more of the following: a helium atomic gas, a neon atomic gas, an argon atomic gas, a krypton atomic gas, and a xenon atomic gas.

13. A communication device, comprising a receiver and an antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12 that is connected to the receiver.

14. The communication device according to claim 13, wherein the receiver comprises a receive link detection module and a receive baseband; the receive link detection module is configured to receive a detection signal transmitted by the antenna, and determine, based on the detection signal, a predetermined parameter of a first electromagnetic wave received by the antenna; and the receive baseband is configured to obtain received data in the first electromagnetic wave based on the first electromagnetic wave.

15. The communication device according to claim 14, wherein the predetermined parameter comprises one or more of the following: an amplitude, a phase, a frequency, and field strength.

16. The communication device according to any one of claims 13 to 15, further comprising a transmitter, wherein the transmitter comprises a transmit link radio frequency module; and the transmit link radio frequency module is configured to generate a reference signal based on a local oscillation signal generated by a local oscillation source, and transmit the reference signal to a feed of the antenna.

17. The communication device according to claim 16, wherein the transmitter further comprises a transmit baseband; the transmit baseband is configured to receive transmitted data, and generate a transmit baseband signal based on the transmitted data; and the transmit link radio frequency module is further configured to generate an excitation signal based on the transmit baseband signal, and transmit the excitation signal to the feed of the antenna.

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