Antenna systems and electronic equipment

Abstract

The present application provides an antenna system and an electronic device. The antenna system includes a first antenna and a metal part. The metal part surrounds the first antenna, and a dielectric is filled between the metal part and the first antenna. The distance between the center line of the metal part and the first antenna is r, where 0.2×n×λ1 < r < 0.8×n×λ1, λ1 is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating in the dielectric, n is a natural number, and 1 ≤ n ≤ 5. The height of the metal part is h, where 0.25λ2 < h < λ2, λ2 is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating in the metal part. By making the distance between the center line of the metal part and the first antenna satisfy the above distance relationship and the height of the metal part satisfy the above height range, the first antenna can self-excite the first resonance mode, and the first antenna can also excite the second resonance mode on the metal part. The metal part does not block the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna, and can also excite new resonance modes on the metal part, thereby significantly broadening both the impedance bandwidth and the efficiency bandwidth.

Description

Technical Field

[0011]

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and particularly to an antenna system and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of wireless communication technologies and the continuous enrichment of application scenarios, consumers' requirements for the specifications of terminal antennas are getting higher and higher. For products with a metal shell, the metal shell will block the antennas disposed inside the metal shell, reducing the radiation performance of the antennas. Therefore, in scenarios where antennas are disposed in the presence of metal structures around, it is a great challenge to improve the radiation performance of the antennas. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an antenna system and an electronic device to improve the radiation performance of antennas in scenarios where there are metal structures around.

[0004] In a first aspect of this application, an antenna system is provided, which includes:

[0005] A first antenna;

[0006] A metal part, which surrounds the first antenna, and a dielectric is filled between the metal part and the first antenna;

[0007] Where the distance between the center line of the metal part and the center line of the first antenna is r, 0.2×n×λ1 < r < 0.8×n×λ1, λ1 is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating in the dielectric, n is a natural number, and 1 ≤ n ≤ 5;

[0008] The height of the metal part is h, 0.25λ2 < h < λ2, λ2 is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves propagating in the metal part;

[0009] The first antenna excites a first resonance mode, and the first antenna excites a second resonance mode on the metal part.

[0010] In this application, by making the distance between the metal part and the center line of the first antenna satisfy the above distance relationship, and the height of the metal part satisfy the above height range, the first antenna can excite the first resonance mode by itself, and the first antenna can also excite the second resonance mode on the metal part. That is to say, the metal part will not block the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna, and can also excite a new resonance mode on the metal part, so that both the impedance bandwidth and the efficiency bandwidth are significantly broadened.

[0011] In a possible design, the metal part is arranged centrosymmetrically about the center line of the first antenna, so that the antenna system composed of the metal part and the first antenna can radiate electromagnetic waves uniformly in all directions in the horizontal plane, that is, the horizontal radiation pattern can be made closer to a circle.

[0012] In one possible design, the metal component is in the form of a closed ring. This closed ring can be a circular ring, a regular polygon such as a square ring or an octagonal ring, or a regular triangle. The metal component is a circumferentially closed structure that can surround the periphery of the first antenna, thereby improving the consistency of coupling between the metal component and the first antenna at various locations and facilitating assembly and manufacturing of the metal component.

[0013] In one possible design, one or more metal members are provided. When there is only one metal member, it surrounds the first antenna, and the distance r between the metal member and the first antenna satisfies the aforementioned range. When there are multiple metal members, one of any two adjacent metal members surrounds the other, and a gap is maintained between any two adjacent metal members. This facilitates exciting new resonances on each metal member, thereby further expanding the bandwidth.

[0014] In one possible design, multiple metal members are provided, and the metal members are evenly distributed around the circumference of the first antenna. Evenly distributed metal members around the first antenna can achieve good omnidirectionality for the first antenna, while also helping to reduce the overall weight of the antenna system and facilitate lightweight design of electronic equipment.

[0015] In one possible design, the metal part is provided with a hole or a slit. A hole is defined as a structure that penetrates the metal part only in a direction perpendicular to the centerline of the first antenna, while the surrounding area of ​​the hole is a closed structure. This means that the metal part is not penetrated in a direction perpendicular to the hole. This allows for tuning through the hole and helps stimulate new resonances. A slit is defined as a structure that can separate the metal part into two unconnected parts, with the distance between the two parts forming a slit. The presence of a slit can reduce the overall weight of the antenna system, contributing to lightweighting.

[0016] In one possible design, the antenna system also includes a second antenna, the second antenna includes a radiator and a floor, the floor is the metal part, the radiator is arranged on the side of the metal part away from the first antenna, and the second antenna is formed into a directional antenna through the directional reflection of electromagnetic waves by the metal part.

[0017] Among them, the first antenna can be an omnidirectional antenna. The coupling of the first antenna and the metal part can excite a new resonant mode on the metal part. At the same time, the metal part can also act as a reflector, which can reflect the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second antenna toward the side of the metal part, thereby strengthening the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second antenna toward the side away from the metal part, thereby realizing directional radiation of electromagnetic waves and achieving high gain.

[0018] In a possible design, a plurality of the metal member and a plurality of the second antenna are provided, and the plurality of the metal members and the plurality of the second antennas correspond one to one and are evenly distributed on a circumference surrounding the first antenna.

[0019] In one possible design, the second antenna is one of a vertically polarized directional antenna, a horizontally polarized directional antenna, or a dual-polarized directional antenna.

[0020] In one possible design, the antenna system also includes a third antenna, which is arranged on top of the first antenna. The third antenna is a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna covering the Wi-Fi 2.4G band, the first antenna is a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna covering the Wi-Fi 2.4G band and the Wi-Fi 5G band, and the second antenna is a dual-polarized directional antenna covering the Wi-Fi 5G band.

[0021] The first and third antennas are both capable of resonating within the 2.4 GHz frequency band, enabling both the horizontally polarized antenna and the vertically polarized antenna to cover the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Furthermore, the first and second antennas are both capable of resonating within the 5 GHz frequency band, enabling both the horizontally polarized antenna and the vertically polarized antenna to cover the 5 GHz frequency band. Thus, the antenna system integrated with the first, second, and third antennas in this embodiment can achieve coverage of both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, while also providing a wide bandwidth.

[0022] In one possible design, the third antenna protrudes from the top of the second antenna. This prevents metal parts from blocking the third antenna, which helps maximize the third antenna's excellent radiation performance.

[0023] In one possible design, the first antenna is one of a dual-polarization omnidirectional antenna, a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna, or a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna.

[0024] In one possible design, the antenna system further includes a switching switch, which is connected to the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna respectively, thereby enabling switching between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna.

[0025] The second aspect of the present application further provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna system provided by the first aspect of the present application.

[0026] Among them, the electronic device has the same technical effects as the above-mentioned antenna system, which will not be described in detail here.

[0027] In one possible design, the electronic device includes a housing, and the antenna system is disposed inside the housing. The housing may be a metal housing or a non-metal housing, and the antenna system may be entirely disposed within the housing.

[0028] In one possible design, the electronic device includes a metal housing, the antenna system is disposed within the metal housing, and the metal component of the antenna system is the metal housing. Reusing the metal housing of the electronic device as the metal component of the antenna system can reduce the space occupied by the antenna system within the electronic device, thereby facilitating the miniaturization of the electronic device.

[0029] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely illustrative and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of an antenna system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 A graph showing the return loss (S11) of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 A directional diagram of an antenna system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 A graph showing the return loss (S11) of an antenna system according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 A directional diagram of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 9 A graph showing the return loss (S11) of an antenna system according to another embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 10 A directional diagram of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 11A schematic structural diagram of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 12 A schematic structural diagram of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 13 A schematic structural diagram of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 14 A schematic structural diagram of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 15 A schematic structural diagram of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 16 A graph showing the return loss (S11) of the first antenna in the antenna system according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 17 A directional pattern of a first antenna in an antenna system provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 18 A graph showing the return loss (S11) of the second antenna in the antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 19 The directional pattern of the second antenna in the antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 20 A gain curve of the second antenna in the antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 21 A schematic structural diagram of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 22 A graph showing an omnidirectional return loss (S11) curve of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 23 A directional pattern of a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna in an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 24 A directional pattern of a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna in an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 25 A graph showing the return loss (S11) of the second antenna in the antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 26 A directional pattern of a vertically polarized directional antenna in an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 27 A directional pattern of a horizontally polarized directional antenna in an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 28 A gain curve of a second antenna in an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 29 A schematic diagram of the system architecture of the antenna system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] Reference numerals:

[0060] 1- first antenna;

[0061] 2-Metal parts;

[0062] 3- Second antenna;

[0063] 4- Third antenna;

[0064] 5-hole;

[0065] 6-Break.

[0066] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] In order to better understand the technical solution of this application, the following embodiments of this application are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0068] In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; unless otherwise specified or explained, the term "plurality" refers to two or more; the terms "connected" and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0069] To enable wireless communication, electronic devices are typically equipped with antennas. However, electronic devices come in a wide variety of configurations. For electronic devices with metal casings, when antennas are installed within them, the metal casing can block the antenna's electromagnetic radiation, weakening signal strength and reducing the antenna's radiation performance.

[0070] This embodiment provides an antenna system, which can be applied to electronic equipment. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 The electronic device is exemplarily shown as a customer-premises equipment (CPE). Specifically, the electronic device can be a router or a Figure 1 The CPE, speakers and other electronic devices shown have wireless communication functions. This embodiment does not limit the specific types of electronic devices.

[0071] Specifically, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system provided in one embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 2 The antenna system includes a first antenna 1 and a metal component 2. The first antenna 1 can be an omnidirectional antenna, which can be uniformly radiated in 360 degrees on the horizontal pattern, with a wide coverage range. The metal component 2 is a structural component made of metal material. For example, the metal component 2 can be a separately processed and manufactured housing that protects the antenna and can be independently installed in the housing of an electronic product to facilitate the installation of the entire antenna. For example, for electronic products with metal housings, the metal housings of the electronic products can serve as the metal component 2 of the antenna system, thereby enabling the reuse of the metal housings of the electronic devices, reducing the internal space occupied by the antenna system in the electronic devices, and facilitating the miniaturization of the electronic devices.

[0072] The metal component 2 surrounds the first antenna 1, and a dielectric is filled between the metal component 2 and the first antenna 1. In other words, there is a certain distance between the metal component 2 and the first antenna 1, within which a dielectric can be filled. This dielectric can be air, a flame-resistant material (FR-4) dielectric board, a Rogers dielectric board, or a hybrid of Rogers and FR-4. FR-4 is a code for a grade of flame-resistant material, and Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board.

[0073] In this embodiment, for the sake of convenience, refer to Figure 2 This embodiment defines that the first antenna 1 has a center line, which is perpendicular to the horizontal radiation direction of the first antenna 1, and the metal member 2 can be arranged around the first antenna 1 in a direction perpendicular to the center line.

[0074] Among them, referring to Figure 2 , the distance between the metal part 2 and the center line of the first antenna 1 is r, 0.2×n×λ1 < r < 0.8×n×λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the medium, n is a natural number, 1 ≤ n ≤ 5. This natural number n can be determined according to the actual application scenario of the antenna system and the radiation performance of the antenna. For example, when the antenna system is applied in a router with a small space, the value of the natural number n can be relatively small; when the antenna system is applied in a speaker with a large space, the value of the natural number n can be relatively large. The value of the natural number n within the range of [1, 5] can make the antenna system applicable to most electronic devices. If the value of n is too large or too small, the antenna system cannot exhibit good radiation performance in the electronic device. At the same time, the height of the metal part 2 is h, 0.25λ2 < h < λ2, where λ2 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the metal part 2. Here, the height dimension of the metal part 2 is the dimension in the direction parallel to the center line of the first antenna 1.

[0075] By making the distance between the metal part 2 and the center line of the first antenna 1 satisfy the above distance relationship, and the height of the metal part 2 satisfy the above height range, the first antenna 1 can self-excite the first resonance mode, and the first antenna 1 can also excite the second resonance mode on the metal part 2. That is to say, the metal part 2 will not block the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna 1, and can also excite a new resonance mode on the metal part 2, thereby significantly broadening both the impedance bandwidth and the efficiency bandwidth.

[0076] Among them, taking the value of the natural number n as 1 above as an example, if the distance r between the metal part 2 and the center line of the first antenna 1 is too large, for example, the distance r is greater than 0.8λ1, then the distance between the metal part 2 and the first antenna 1 is far, and a new resonance mode cannot be excited on the metal part 2, and the bandwidth cannot be broadened; if this distance r is too small, for example, the distance r is less than 0.2λ1, then the distance between the metal part 2 and the first antenna 1 is too close, and the metal part 2 will block and shield the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna 1, weakening the radiation performance of the antenna. At the same time, a new resonance mode cannot be excited on the metal part 2, and the bandwidth cannot be broadened.

[0077] In addition, for the height of the metal part 2, if the height of the metal part 2 is too large, for example, h is greater than λ2, then the metal part 2 will have a negative effect of blocking and shielding the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna 1, weakening the radiation performance of the first antenna 1. If the height of the metal part 2 is too small, for example, less than 0.25λ2, then the metal part 2 is close to a line, and a new resonance mode cannot be excited on the metal part 2, resulting in the inability to broaden the bandwidth.

[0078] Therefore, in this embodiment, the distance r between the metal part 2 and the center line of the first antenna 1 and the height h of the metal part 2 must simultaneously satisfy the above-mentioned corresponding numerical ranges to avoid the metal part 2 from blocking and shielding the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna 1, while at the same time being able to excite a new resonant mode on the metal part 2 and widen the bandwidth.

[0079] The above-mentioned first antenna 1 can be one of a dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna, a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna or a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, thereby broadening the selection range of the first antenna 1. When the above-mentioned distance relationship and the height range of the metal part 2 are satisfied between any first antenna 1 and the metal part 2, the metal part 2 can avoid blocking the electromagnetic waves of the first antenna 1, and at the same time, a new resonant mode can be excited on the metal part 2 to achieve the purpose of expanding the bandwidth.

[0080] Exemplarily, the first antenna 1 may be a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna. Figure 3 The return loss (S11) curve of the antenna system provided in one embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 The first antenna 1 shown is a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna. Figure 3 The horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, the vertical axis represents return loss in dB, curve a represents the S11 curve of the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application, and curve b represents the S11 curve of a traditional dipole antenna, which is an antenna with metal shielding around it and cannot excite the resonant mode on the metal, or an antenna with no metal shielding around it. Figure 3 It can be seen that the traditional dipole antenna can only excite one resonance, while the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application can excite two resonances, one of which is excited by the first antenna 1 itself, and the other is excited on the metal part 2, thereby significantly widening the impedance bandwidth and the efficiency bandwidth. Figure 4 The directional diagram of the antenna system provided in one embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 4 , Figure 4 The three directional patterns in the figure correspond to frequencies of 4.5GHz, 5.5GHz and 5.9GHz respectively. Figure 4 It can be seen that the antenna system has good omnidirectional characteristics in the in-band radiation pattern.

[0081] Exemplarily, the first antenna 1 may also be a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 5 , Figure 5 The first antenna 1 shown is a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna. Figure 6 The return loss (S11) curve of the antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 6 , Figure 6 The horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, the vertical axis represents return loss in dB, curve c represents the S11 curve of the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application, and curve d represents the S11 curve of a traditional horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna, which is an antenna with metal shielding around it and cannot excite the resonant mode on the metal, or an antenna with no metal shielding around it. Figure 6 It can be seen that the traditional horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna can only excite one resonance, while the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application can excite two resonances, one of which is excited by the first antenna 1 itself, and the other is excited on the metal part 2, thereby significantly widening the impedance bandwidth and efficiency bandwidth. Figure 7 The directional diagram of the antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 7 , Figure 7 The three directional patterns in the figure correspond to frequencies of 4.8GHz, 5.2GHz and 5.6GHz respectively. Figure 7 It can be seen that the antenna system has good omnidirectional characteristics in the in-band radiation pattern.

[0082] Exemplarily, the first antenna 1 may also be a dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 8 , Figure 8 The first antenna 1 shown is a dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna. Figure 9 The return loss (S11) curve of the antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 9 , Figure 9 The horizontal axis represents the frequency in GHz, the vertical axis represents the return loss in dB, curve e represents the S11 curve of the horizontally polarized antenna in the first antenna 1, curve f represents the S11 curve of the vertically polarized antenna in the first antenna 1, and curve g represents the isolation curve. Figure 9 It can be seen that both the horizontally polarized antenna and the vertically polarized antenna in the dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna can produce dual resonances, and there is high isolation between the horizontal polarization and the vertical polarization in the resonant frequency band, with an isolation of more than 60 dB. Figure 10 The directional diagram of the antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 10 , Figure 10 The three directional patterns in the figure correspond to frequencies of 5.2GHz, 5.4GHz and 5.8GHz respectively. Figure 10 It can be seen that the antenna system has good omnidirectional characteristics in the in-band radiation pattern.

[0083] As a specific implementation method, the metal part 2 is arranged symmetrically about the center line of the first antenna 1. For example, when the metal part 2 is a circular ring structure, the center line of the first antenna 1 is the axis of the circular ring structure; for another example, when the metal part 2 is a plurality of planar plates, in the direction perpendicular to the center line, the distance between the center of each planar plate and the center line of the first antenna 1 is equal, and each planar plate can be arranged symmetrically about the center line.

[0084] Among them, the first antenna 1 is an omnidirectional antenna, which can radiate electromagnetic waves uniformly in all directions in the horizontal plane. By arranging the metal part 2 symmetrically about the center line of the first antenna 1, the antenna system composed of the metal part 2 and the first antenna 1 as a whole can radiate electromagnetic waves uniformly in all directions in the horizontal plane, that is, the horizontal radiation pattern can be made closer to a circle.

[0085] As a specific implementation method, the metal part 2 is a closed ring, which can be a circular ring, or a regular polygon such as a regular quadrilateral ring, a regular octagonal ring, or a regular triangle. The metal part 2 is a closed structure in the circumferential direction and can surround the periphery of the first antenna 1, thereby improving the consistency of coupling between each position of the metal part 2 and the first antenna 1, and also facilitating the assembly and processing of the metal part 2.

[0086] As a specific implementation method, the metal member 2 is provided with one or more. When the metal member 2 is provided with one, refer to Figure 2 The metal member 2 surrounds the first antenna 1, and the distance r between the metal member 2 and the first antenna 1 satisfies the above range. When multiple metal members 2 are provided, one of any two adjacent metal members 2 surrounds the other, and a gap is maintained between any two adjacent metal members 2. This facilitates exciting new resonances on each metal member 2, thereby further expanding the bandwidth.

[0087] As a specific implementation manner, a plurality of metal parts 2 may be provided, and the plurality of metal parts 2 are evenly distributed on the circumference surrounding the first antenna 1 . Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 11 , Figure 11 The exemplary embodiment shows four metal parts 2, which are symmetrically distributed around the first antenna 1. Of course, the number of metal parts 2 can also be greater. Evenly distributed metal parts 2 around the first antenna 1 can also achieve good omnidirectionality for the first antenna 1, while also helping to reduce the overall weight of the antenna system and achieve lightweight design of electronic equipment.

[0088] As a specific implementation method, the metal piece 2 can be provided with multiple pieces, and the metal piece 2 is provided with holes 5 or slits 6. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 12 The hole 5 only penetrates the metal part 2 in the direction perpendicular to the center line of the first antenna 1, while the four sides of the hole 5 are a closed structure, that is, the metal part 2 will not be penetrated in the penetration direction perpendicular to the hole 5, so that the tuning function can be achieved through the hole 5, which is also conducive to exciting new resonance. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 13 The break 6 is a gap that can be used to divide the metal part 2 into two parts that are not connected to each other. The gap 6 is formed when the width of the gap 6 is large. Figure 11 The structure of the metal part 2 is shown.

[0089] Furthermore, the antennas installed in electronic devices can be omnidirectional, directional, or a combination of both. When users are close to the device and spread over a wide area, the antennas need to provide wide omnidirectional coverage. When users are farther away, the antennas need to be directional to achieve high gain to meet communication requirements. However, with existing terminal antennas, achieving both wide coverage and high gain is often difficult. Separately deploying omnidirectional and directional antennas significantly increases the antenna layout space, hindering the miniaturization of electronic devices.

[0090] To this end, in this embodiment, the antenna system further includes a second antenna 3, which includes a radiator and a floor. The radiator is connected to the floor for grounding. The floor is the aforementioned metal member 2. The radiator is disposed on the side of the metal member 2 facing away from the first antenna 1. The second antenna 3 forms a directional antenna through the directional reflection of electromagnetic waves by the metal member 2. The first antenna 1 can be an omnidirectional antenna. The coupling between the first antenna 1 and the metal member 2 can excite a new resonant mode on the metal member 2. At the same time, the metal member 2 can also act as a reflector, reflecting the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second antenna 3 toward the side of the metal member 2. This can enhance the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second antenna 3 toward the side facing away from the metal member 2, thereby achieving directional radiation of electromagnetic waves and high gain.

[0091] Therefore, the metal part 2 can not only couple with the first antenna 1 to generate a new resonant mode and expand the bandwidth, but also serve as the ground of the second antenna 3, and can directionally reflect the second electromagnetic wave to increase the gain. By reusing the metal part 2, it is also beneficial to reduce the volume of the antenna system and facilitate the miniaturization design of electronic equipment.

[0092] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 14The metal part 2 is a planar plate-like structure, and has four metal parts 2. The four metal parts 2 are symmetrically distributed around the first antenna 1. Each metal part 2 is provided with a second antenna 3 on the side facing away from the first antenna 1. The second antenna 3 can be a directional antenna with a floor. In this embodiment, the second antenna 3 can use the metal part 2 as the floor. For example, the second antenna 3 can be Figure 14 The patch antenna shown. For example, Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 15 , the second antenna 3 can also be Figure 15 The magnetoelectric dipole antenna shown.

[0093] Among them, the second antenna 3 can be one of a vertically polarized directional antenna, a horizontally polarized directional antenna or a dual-polarized directional antenna, thereby broadening the selection range of the second antenna 3, and when the second antenna 3 is any one of the above-mentioned polarized antennas, the metal part 2 can be reused to achieve directional radiation of electromagnetic waves and improve the antenna gain.

[0094] Exemplarily, the first antenna 1 is a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna, and the second antenna 3 is a vertically polarized directional antenna. Figure 16 The return loss (S11) curve of the first antenna 1 in the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 14 and Figure 16 , Figure 16 The horizontal axis represents the frequency in GHz, the vertical axis represents the return loss in dB, the curve h represents the S11 curve when only the vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna exists without the metal part 2 and the second antenna 3, the curve i represents the S11 curve of the first antenna 1 in this embodiment, the curve j represents the efficiency curve when only the vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna exists without the metal part 2 and the second antenna 3, and the curve k represents the efficiency curve of the first antenna 1 in this embodiment. Figure 16 It can be seen that curve h can only generate one resonance in the Wi-Fi 5G band (hereinafter referred to as the 5G band), while curve i can generate two resonances in the 5G band. The antenna efficiency represented by curve k is significantly better than that of the antenna represented by curve j. In other words, by arranging metal parts 2 and vertically polarized directional antennas around the vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna, multiple resonances can be generated in the 5G band, significantly expanding both the impedance bandwidth and the efficiency bandwidth. In addition, Figure 17 The directional pattern of the first antenna 1 in the antenna system provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 17 , Figure 17 The three directional patterns in the figure correspond to frequencies of 5 GHz, 5.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. Figure 17 It can be seen that the first antenna 1 has good omnidirectional characteristics in the 5G frequency band.

[0095] Figure 18 The return loss (S11) curve of the second antenna 3 in the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 18 , the horizontal axis represents the frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the return loss in dB. When the return loss is lower than -10dB, the second antenna 3 has better radiation performance. Figure 18 It can be seen that the part of the curve below -10dB can cover the 5G frequency band, thus having excellent radiation characteristics within the 5G frequency band.

[0096] Figure 19 The directional pattern of the second antenna 3 in the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 19 , the four second antennas 3 have uniform and consistent directional patterns in their respective directions.

[0097] Figure 20 The gain curve of the second antenna 3 in the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 20 When the gain reaches 6dB or more, a better gain can be obtained. Figure 20 It can be seen from the figure that the curve above 6 dB can cover the 5G frequency band, that is, the second antenna 3 of the reused metal part 2 in this embodiment can obtain a higher gain.

[0098] The first antenna 1 is not limited to being a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna, and the second antenna 3 is not limited to being a vertically polarized directional antenna. In other embodiments, the first antenna 1 may also be a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna or a dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna, and the second antenna 3 may also be a horizontally polarized directional antenna or a dual-polarized directional antenna. This allows for various combinations of the first antenna 1 and the second antenna 3, thus enabling adaptation to different application scenarios.

[0099] As a specific implementation, the antenna system further includes a switching switch, which is connected to the first antenna 1 and the second antenna 3, respectively. Exemplarily, there are two switching switches, one for controlling the connection or disconnection of the first antenna 1, and the other for controlling the connection or disconnection of the second antenna 3, thereby enabling switching between omnidirectional and directional antennas. Thus, by enabling the first antenna 1, which functions as an omnidirectional antenna, and the second antenna 3, which functions as a directional antenna, to reuse a common metal component 2, this embodiment improves the antenna system's integration and achieves a miniaturized design. It also enables switching between omnidirectional and directional antennas, thereby achieving excellent antenna radiation performance in different scenarios.

[0100] As a specific implementation, multiple metal parts 2 and multiple second antennas 3 are provided, and the multiple metal parts 2 correspond to the multiple second antennas 3 one by one and are evenly distributed on the circumference surrounding the first antenna 1. Figure 14 , Figure 14 The exemplary embodiment shows four metal members 2 and four second antennas 3 surrounding the first antenna 1, with each second antenna 3 corresponding to one of the metal members 2. This ensures uniform radiation performance in all four directions. Of course, in other embodiments, the number of metal members 2 and second antennas 3 may be greater, and the specific number can be designed based on the actual application scenario and the antenna's radiation characteristics.

[0101] As a specific implementation method, Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application, referring to Figure 21 The antenna system also includes a third antenna 4, which is arranged on the top of the first antenna 1. The third antenna 4 is a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna covering the Wi-Fi 2.4G frequency band (hereinafter referred to as the 2.4G frequency band). Exemplarily, the horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna can be a loop antenna; the first antenna 1 is a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna covering the 2.4G frequency band and the 5G frequency band; the second antenna 3 is a dual-polarized directional antenna covering the 5G frequency band. Exemplarily, the dual-polarized directional antenna can be a dual-polarized patch antenna, a magnetoelectric dipole antenna, etc.

[0102] Figure 22 The return loss (S11) curve of the omnidirectional antenna in the antenna system provided by another embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 22 , the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, the vertical axis represents return loss in dB, curve m is the S11 curve of the first antenna 1, curve n is the S11 curve of the third antenna 4, and curve p is the S11 curve of the horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna covering the 5G frequency band. Figure 22 As can be seen, both the first antenna 1 and the third antenna 4 can resonate within the 2.4 GHz frequency band, thereby enabling both the horizontally polarized antenna and the vertically polarized antenna to cover the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Simultaneously, both the first antenna 1 and the second antenna 3 can resonate within the 5 GHz frequency band, thereby enabling both the horizontally polarized antenna and the vertically polarized antenna to cover the 5 GHz frequency band. Thus, the antenna system integrated with the first antenna 1, the second antenna 3, and the third antenna 4 in this embodiment can achieve coverage of both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, while also achieving a wide bandwidth.

[0103] Figure 23 The directional pattern of the vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna in the antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 23 , vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna has good omnidirectional characteristics. Figure 24The directional pattern of the horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna in the antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 24 , horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna also has good omnidirectional characteristics.

[0104] Among them, the first antenna 1 and the third antenna 4 are not horizontally polarized omnidirectional antennas that can cover the 5G frequency band. In this embodiment, since the second antenna 3 as a directional antenna is a dual-polarized directional antenna covering the 5G frequency band, and there are multiple second antennas 3 around the first antenna 1, which can radiate electromagnetic waves in different directions, the horizontally polarized directional antennas covering the 5G frequency band in each second antenna 3 can work simultaneously, so as to form a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna that can cover the 5G frequency band by splicing beams.

[0105] Figure 25 The return loss (S11) curve of the second antenna 3 in the antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 25 , the horizontal axis represents the frequency in GHz, the vertical axis represents the return loss in dB, Figure 25 The curves marked by the oval frame are all curves of the vertical polarization part of the second antenna 3, and the curves marked by the oval frame are all curves of the horizontal polarization part of the second antenna 3. Figure 25 It can be seen that the second antenna 3 as a dual-polarization directional antenna can completely cover the 5G frequency band.

[0106] Figure 26 The directional pattern of a vertically polarized directional antenna in an antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 27 The directional pattern of the horizontally polarized directional antenna in the antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 26 and Figure 27 , both vertically polarized and horizontally polarized directional antennas have good radiation characteristics.

[0107] Figure 28 The gain curve of the second antenna 3 in the antenna system provided in another embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 28 , curve s is the curve of the vertical polarization part of the second antenna 3, and curve t is the curve of the horizontal polarization part of the second antenna 3. When the gain reaches more than 6dB, a better gain can be obtained. Figure 28 It can be seen from the figure that the curve above 6 dB can cover the 5G frequency band, that is, the second antenna 3 as a dual-polarization directional antenna in this embodiment can obtain a higher gain.

[0108] In this embodiment, the switch can also be connected to the third antenna 4 to achieve access or disconnection of the third antenna 4. For example, Figure 29The system architecture diagram of the antenna system provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 29 The first antenna 1 is a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna covering the 2.4G frequency band and the 5G frequency band, the second antenna 3 is a dual-polarized directional antenna covering the 5G frequency band, and the third antenna 4 is a horizontally polarized omnidirectional antenna covering the 2.4G frequency band. The switching switch can have four, which are respectively connected to the first antenna 1, the third antenna 4, the horizontally polarized antenna in the second antenna 3, and the vertically polarized antenna in the second antenna 3, so that the switching between the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna can be realized.

[0109] As a specific implementation method, refer to Figure 21 The third antenna 4 protrudes from the top of the second antenna 3. If the third antenna 4 is set in the space surrounded by the metal component 2, the radiation of the third antenna 4 will be blocked. In this embodiment, by protruding the third antenna 4 from the top of the second antenna 3, the metal component 2 can avoid blocking the third antenna 4, which is conducive to the excellent radiation performance of the third antenna 4.

[0110] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna system, characterized in that: Comprising: A first antenna; A metal part, the metal part surrounds the first antenna, and a dielectric is filled between the metal part and the first antenna; Wherein, the distance between the center line of the metal part and the first antenna is r, 0.2×n×λ1 < r < 0.8×n×λ1, λ1 is the wavelength of electromagnetic wave propagating in the dielectric, n is a natural number, and 1≤n≤5; The height of the metal part is h, 0.25λ2 < h < λ2, λ2 is the wavelength of electromagnetic wave propagating in the metal part; The first antenna excites a first resonance mode, and the first antenna excites a second resonance mode on the metal part.

2. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein The metal part is arranged centrosymmetrically about the center line of the first antenna.

3. The antenna system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The metal part is a closed ring.

4. The antenna system according to claim 3, wherein: One or more metal parts are provided. When multiple metal parts are provided, one of any two adjacent metal parts surrounds the other, and a gap is maintained between any two adjacent metal parts.

5. The antenna system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Multiple metal parts are provided, and the multiple metal parts are evenly distributed on the circumference surrounding the first antenna.

6. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that: Holes or slots are provided on the metal part.

7. The antenna system according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna system further includes a second antenna, the second antenna includes a radiator and a ground plane, the ground plane is the metal part, the radiator is arranged on a side of the metal 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8. The antenna system according to claim 7, wherein: ​ 9. The antenna system according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that ​ 10. The antenna system according to claim 7, wherein: ​ 11. The antenna system according to claim 10, wherein: ​ 12. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4, 7-8, 10-11, characterized in that: ​ 13. The antenna system according to any one of claims 7-8, 10-11, characterized in that: ​ 14. An electronic device, characterized in that: ​ 15. The electronic device according to claim 14, characterized in that ​ 16. The electronic device according to claim 14, characterized in that ​

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