Sensor device, system, and method for a transmission of data and / or an evaluation of downlink signals transmitted by a satellite

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor device (SV1, SV2, SV3) for a transmission of data and / or an evaluation of downlink signals (DL(H1,T1)) transmitted by at least one satellite (S1) for a reconnaissance system (AS), wherein the satellite (S1) has a footprint (Z1) with a plurality of different geographical sub-regions (TB1-TB7), each of the geographical sub-regions (TB1-TB7) being assigned to a specific satellite signal of the satellite (S1), comprising: an antenna device (AV) which is designed to receive downlink signals (DL(H1,T1) of the satellite (S1) directed at a specific terminal (T1) arranged in a specific geographical sub-region of the geographical sub-regions (TB1), a signal processing unit (SE) for digitally processing the signal, including at least the process of demodulating, decoding, and filtering the received downlink signals (DL(H1,T1)) in order to provide pre-processed data which is specific to the specific terminal (T1), and a transmission unit (ÜE) for transmitting the provided pre-processed data to the reconnaissance system (AS) via at least one WAN connection (W1).

Description

[0001] SENSOR DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DATA TRANSMISSION AND / OR EVALUATION OF DOWNLINK SIGNALS TRANSMITTED BY A SATELLITE

[0002] The present invention relates to a sensor device for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals transmitted by at least one satellite for a reconnaissance system. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a system comprising a number of such sensor devices and a number of reconnaissance systems. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals transmitted by at least one satellite by a sensor device.

[0003] The technical field of the present invention relates to the monitoring of terminals that receive downlink signals transmitted by satellites. Conventionally, a reconnaissance system is arranged in close proximity to the terminal to be monitored, so that the reconnaissance system is also capable of receiving the downlink signals sent from the satellite to the terminal. Consequently, in a conventional satellite reconnaissance system for communication and data transmission, the downlink signals from the satellite-ground station or satellite-terminal route are typically received. Examples of such terminals include mobile phones, modems, and transmission devices.

[0004] In order to make optimal use of the available usable frequency range for data transmission from the terminals to and from the satellite, so-called spot beams or spot beam signals are formed by the satellite and usable frequency ranges are assigned to the terminals located in each spot beam. This makes it possible to use frequency ranges multiple times within the entire footprint of the satellite, particularly in spot beams that are far apart from one another, and thus to operate more terminals. From a reconnaissance perspective, the aim is to have all data, in particular content and metadata, sent and / or received from or to a specific terminal of interest, which can be located anywhere in any spot beam within the satellite's footprint, available in the reconnaissance system for analysis.However, depending on the location of the reconnaissance system and the footprint of the satellite being monitored, the problem arises that not all spot beams can actually be received at the reconnaissance system's location. Consequently, the entire satellite's footprint cannot be monitored.

[0005] Document US 2008 / 0239976 A1 describes a method for monitoring communications, which comprises intercepting one or more communication connections that are part of a communication system comprising a plurality of communication connections. The data content transmitted by the one or more communication connections is decoded. First and second mathematical fingerprints relating to the one or more intercepted communication connections are calculated by evaluating statistical characteristics of the data content decoded from the one or more communication connections. The first and second fingerprints are compared to obtain a matching result, and in response to the matching result, a predefined action is performed with respect to the one or more communication connections.

[0006] Document EP 2 365 646 A1 describes a method for monitoring at least one beam of a satellite, wherein the at least one beam is directed toward a body around which the satellite orbits, the method comprising monitoring the at least one beam using a monitoring satellite orbiting the body. Against this background, one object of the present invention is to improve the data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals transmitted by at least one satellite.

[0007] According to a first aspect, a sensor device for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals transmitted by at least one satellite for a reconnaissance system is proposed, wherein the satellite has an illumination zone with a plurality of different geographical sub-areas, wherein each of the geographical sub-areas is assigned a specific satellite signal of the satellite.The sensor device comprises: an antenna device which is configured to receive downlink signals from the satellite directed to a specific terminal arranged in a specific one of the geographical sub-areas, a signal processing unit for digital signal processing at least comprising demodulation, decoding and filtering of the received downlink signals to provide preprocessed data specific to the specific terminal, and a transmission unit for transmitting the provided preprocessed data to the reconnaissance system via at least one WAN link.

[0008] The sensor device can also be referred to as a sensor or a spot-beam sensor. The geographical sub-area can also be referred to as a spot beam or spot-beam area. The specific terminal can also be referred to as a monitored terminal or a terminal of interest.

[0009] The present sensor device advantageously allows the surveillance area of ​​the reconnaissance system within the satellite's footprint to be enlarged. The reconnaissance system itself has a first surveillance area, i.e., a first sub-area within the satellite's footprint, which the reconnaissance system can independently monitor. The sensor device has a second surveillance area within the satellite's footprint. Because the sensor device can be connected to the reconnaissance system via the WAN link, a surveillance area for the reconnaissance system is created, which consists of the sum of the first surveillance area and the second surveillance area and is thus significantly enlarged.

[0010] By expanding the surveillance area of ​​the reconnaissance system through the use of the present sensor device, a larger number of terminals in more geographical areas of the satellite's footprint can be advantageously monitored compared to the prior art. This not only maximizes the coverage of the reconnaissance system but also saves costs compared to a conventional solution with numerous reconnaissance systems within the satellite's footprint.

[0011] For example, if a conventional solution requires monitoring two sub-areas of the satellite's footprint, two reconnaissance systems are required. However, if two sub-areas of the satellite's footprint are currently to be monitored, only a single reconnaissance system and one sensor device are required. A sensor device has the advantage of being significantly lower in cost than a reconnaissance system.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the signal processing unit is configured to preprocess the received downlink signals with respect to the specific terminal and / or subsequently preprocess them with respect to efficient data transmission depending on parameters specific to the at least one WAN link, in particular depending on a communication protocol of the WAN link. Preprocessing by the signal processing unit comprises, in particular, demodulating, decoding, and subsequent filtering for the specific terminal or for a number of specific terminals. The latter case occurs in particular when there are a plurality of terminals of interest. The antenna device of the sensor device receives, in particular, the downlink signals of several terminals.Because the amount of data is then regularly too large for the WAN link and, for example, only one terminal is of interest, filtering is carried out in order to transmit only the data from the terminal of interest (and not all received data) to the reconnaissance system.

[0013] The communication protocol of the WAN link is then preferably used to ensure that nothing is lost during data transmission (error protection) and that the format matches between the sensor device and the reconnaissance system.

[0014] Filtering the received downlink signals with respect to the specific terminal means, in particular, that said downlink signals are preprocessed in such a way that, in particular, the device characteristics of the specific terminal and / or user characteristics of the user of the specific terminal are available. The device characteristics include, in particular, IMEI, IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, parameters of network protocol layers 3-7 according to the OSF model, temporary identifiers, device type, and / or location data. The user characteristics include, for example, telephone numbers, passwords, account access, email addresses, account numbers, and the like.

[0015] According to a further embodiment, the antenna device comprises a multi-feed antenna or a plurality of antennas for receiving downlink signals transmitted on different frequency bands from a plurality of satellites, in particular from satellites of different satellite networks, for example, including Thuraya, Inmarsat, VSAT, Starlink, OneWeb, and Iridium. This enables the sensor device to monitor a plurality of satellites or their downlink signals.

[0016] For the Thuraya, Inmarsat, and VSAT examples, the antenna device preferably comprises a number of directional antennas, such as parabolic antennas or flat-panel antennas. For the Iridium, Starlink, and OneWeb examples, the antenna device preferably comprises a number of omnidirectional antennas, such as omnidirectional antennas or omnidirectional antennas.

[0017] According to a further embodiment, the transmission unit is configured to transmit the provided preprocessed data to the reconnaissance system via the at least one W AN link at predetermined times or upon request of the reconnaissance system.

[0018] According to a further embodiment, the at least one WAN link comprises at least one DSL link, at least one fiber optic link, at least one mobile radio link and / or at least one satellite link.

[0019] According to a further embodiment, the sensor device comprises a container, wherein the antenna device is arranged on the container and the signal processing unit and the transmission unit are arranged in the container. The use of the container makes the sensor device mobile and can advantageously be transported to any location on earth.

[0020] According to a further embodiment, the sensor device comprises a rack, wherein the antenna device, the signal processing unit and the transmission unit are arranged on or in the rack.

[0021] According to a further embodiment, the sensor device comprises a transport box, wherein the antenna device, the signal processing unit and the transmission unit are arranged on or in the transport box.

[0022] The embodiments of the rack and the transport box, like the embodiment of the container, are ways to easily implement the sensor device in a mobile manner. According to a further embodiment, the transmission unit is configured to receive data transmitted from the specific terminal via the satellite and received by the reconnaissance system via the at least one WAN link.

[0023] In this embodiment, the specific terminal can also be monitored with regard to the data it transmits via the satellite. Thus, analysis and / or evaluation is possible not only based on the downlink signals received at the specific terminal, but also based on the signals transmitted from the specific terminal to the satellite.

[0024] According to a further embodiment, the sensor device comprises an evaluation unit which is configured to evaluate the data preprocessed for the specific terminal and / or the data of the specific terminal received by the reconnaissance system.

[0025] According to a further embodiment, the evaluation unit is configured to record or evaluate device characteristics, such as IMEI, IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, parameters of the network protocol layers 3'7 according to the OSI model, temporary identifiers, device type, position data, and / or user characteristics, such as telephone numbers, passwords, account accesses, email addresses, account numbers and the like.

[0026] According to a further embodiment, the sensor device comprises a first container and a second container. The antenna device is arranged on the first container, and the signal processing unit and the transmission unit are arranged in the first container, with the evaluation unit being arranged in the second container. According to a further embodiment, the sensor device is assigned to a plurality of geographical sub-regions of the satellite's footprint.

[0027] In this embodiment, the sensor device can monitor multiple geographical sub-areas or spot beams of the satellite's footprint.

[0028] The respective unit, for example, the signal processing unit or the evaluation unit, can be implemented in hardware and / or software. In a hardware implementation, the respective unit can be designed as a device or as part of a device, for example, as a computer, a microprocessor, or a fire control computer. In a software implementation, the respective unit can be designed as a computer program product, as a function, as a routine, as part of a program code, or as an executable object.

[0029] According to a second aspect, a system is proposed that comprises a number NI of sensor devices, with NI > 1, and a number N2 of reconnaissance systems that can be coupled to the N1 sensor devices via at least one WAN link. The respective sensor device is designed according to the first aspect or one of the embodiments of the first aspect.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the system has a plurality N 1 of sensor devices, with NI > 2. In this embodiment, a plurality of sensor devices are advantageously connected to the reconnaissance system, so that the overall surveillance area of ​​the reconnaissance system is further increased.

[0031] According to a further embodiment, the system has a plurality N2 of reconnaissance systems, where N2 > 2, wherein, in particular, two of the reconnaissance systems can be coupled via a bidirectional interface. The use of the bidirectional interface makes it possible to link several reconnaissance systems together and thus exchange information and data with each other.

[0032] According to a further embodiment, a number, in particular a plurality, of sensor devices are coupled to each of the plurality of reconnaissance systems.

[0033] According to a further embodiment, the respective sensor device comprises a multi-feed antenna or a plurality of antennas for receiving downlink signals transmitted on different frequency bands from a plurality of satellites. Thus, the sensor device can monitor a plurality of satellites, in particular different satellites.

[0034] According to a further embodiment, the respective reconnaissance system comprises a multi-feed antenna or a plurality of antennas for receiving downlink signals transmitted on different frequency bands from a plurality of satellites. This allows the reconnaissance system to monitor a plurality of satellites, in particular different satellites.

[0035] According to a third aspect, a method for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals transmitted by at least one satellite by a sensor device configured according to the first aspect or one of the embodiments of the first aspect is proposed. The satellite has a footprint with a plurality of different geographical sub-areas, each of the geographical sub-areas being assigned a specific satellite signal of the satellite. The method comprises the steps :

[0036] Receiving downlink signals directed to a specific terminal located in a specific one of the geographical sub-areas by an antenna device of the sensor device, digital signal processing at least comprising demodulation, decoding and filtering of the received downlink signals to provide preprocessed data specific to the specific terminal by a signal processing unit of the sensor device, and

[0037] Transmitting the provided preprocessed data via at least one WAN link to the reconnaissance system by a transmission unit of the sensor device.

[0038] The embodiments and features described for the proposed sensor device apply accordingly to the proposed method.

[0039] According to a fourth aspect, a computer program product is proposed which causes the method according to the third aspect, as explained above, to be carried out on a program-controlled device.

[0040] A computer program product, such as a computer program means, can be provided or delivered, for example, as a storage medium, such as a memory card, USB stick, CD-ROM, DVD, or in the form of a downloadable file from a server in a network. This can be done, for example, in a wireless communications network by transmitting a corresponding file with the computer program product or the computer program means.

[0041] Further possible implementations of the invention also include combinations of features or embodiments described above or below with respect to the exemplary embodiments that are not explicitly mentioned. In this case, the person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the invention.

[0042] Further advantageous embodiments and aspects of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims and the exemplary embodiments of the invention described below. The invention is explained in more detail below using preferred embodiments with reference to the attached figure.

[0043] Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of a system with a sensor device for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals transmitted by at least one satellite and a reconnaissance system;

[0044] Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a sensor device for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals transmitted by at least one satellite;

[0045] Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a second embodiment of a system with several sensor devices for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals transmitted by at least one satellite and a reconnaissance system; and

[0046] Fig. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals transmitted by at least one satellite.

[0047] In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements have been provided with the same reference numerals unless otherwise stated.

[0048] Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of a system with a sensor device SV1 for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals DL(H1,T1) transmitted by at least one satellite S1 and a reconnaissance system AS. The satellite S1 according to Fig. 1 has a specific footprint ZI with a plurality of different geographical sub-areas. Some of the different geographical sub-areas of the footprint ZI are illustrated in Fig. 1 by a respective hexagon. For reasons of graphic clarity, not all sub-areas are illustrated by a hexagon in Fig. 1. Also, for reasons of confusion, only seven of the geographical sub-areas are provided with a reference symbol TB1-TB7. Each of the geographical sub-areas TB1-TB7 (as well as those without a reference symbol and / or without a hexagon) is assigned a specific satellite signal of the satellite S1.The specific satellite signal can also be referred to as a spot beam signal or spot beam. In the example of Fig. 1, a terminal TI is arranged in the geographical sub-report TB1. In the sub-area TB2, a sensor device SV1 is arranged, which is configured and arranged to monitor the terminal TI with regard to its communication with the satellite S1. Furthermore, a hub HI, a second terminal T2, and a reconnaissance system AS are arranged in the footprint ZI of the satellite S1. The hub HI, as shown in Fig. 1, can be coupled to a number of terminals EG. The number of terminals EG includes, for example, computers, laptops, and / or telephones. The sensor device SV1 and the reconnaissance system AS are coupled via a WAN link W1 (WAN; Wide Area Network), as shown in Fig. 1.

[0049] With regard to satellite communication, the following notation is used in Fig. 1:

[0050] UL(H1,T1) stands for an uplink signal with source H1 and sink TI, UL(H1,T1) stands for a downlink signal with source H1 and sink TI, UL(T1,H1) stands for an uplink signal with source TI and sink Hl and DL(T1 Hl) stands for a downlink signal with source TI and sink Hl.

[0051] With reference to Fig. 2, the sensor device SV1 comprises an antenna device AV, a signal processing unit SE and a transmission unit ÜE. Fig. 1 shows the antenna of the antenna device AV and a computer which integrates the signal processing unit SE and the transmission unit ÜE. Furthermore, further conventional components, such as A / D converters, are preferably provided, which are connected to the computer or integrated therein. The computer can also be designed as one or more servers. In this case, the antenna device AV of the sensor device SV1 according to Figs. 1 and 2 is configured to receive downlink signals DL(H1,T1) of the satellite S1 directed to a specific terminal TI arranged in a specific one of the geographical sub-areas TB1.

[0052] The signal processing unit SE is configured to digitally process the received downlink signals DL(H1,T1) to provide preprocessed data specific to the specific terminal TI. This digital signal processing includes at least filtering the received downlink signals DL(H1,T1). In other words, the sensor device SV1 monitors the specific terminal TI located in the geographical sub-area TB1.

[0053] The signal processing unit SE is configured, in particular, to preprocess the received downlink signals DL(H1,T1) with respect to the specific terminal TI. Preprocessing includes, in particular, demodulation, decoding, and filtering. The transmission unit ÜE of the sensor device SV1 is configured to transmit the provided preprocessed data via the WAN link W1 to the reconnaissance system AS. The reconnaissance system AS can then process or evaluate the preprocessed data specific to the terminal TI.

[0054] The reconnaissance system AS is specifically designed to capture and evaluate device characteristics of the terminal TI and / or user characteristics of the user of the terminal TI. Device characteristics include, in particular, IMEI, IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, parameters of network protocol layers 3-7 according to the OSF model, temporary identifiers, device type information, and / or location data. User characteristics can include, for example, telephone numbers, passwords, account access, email addresses, account numbers, and the like.

[0055] Furthermore, the transmission unit is preferably configured to preprocess the preprocessed data provided by the signal processing unit SE with regard to efficient data transmission depending on parameters specific to the at least one WAN link W1. Such preprocessing takes place in particular depending on a communication protocol of the WAN link W1. Furthermore, the transmission unit ÜE is preferably configured to transmit the provided preprocessed data to the reconnaissance system AS via the WAN link W1 at predetermined times (time trigger) or upon request from the reconnaissance system AS. For example, the WAN link W1 comprises at least one DSL link, at least one fiber optic link, at least one mobile radio link, and / or at least one satellite link.

[0056] As Fig. 1 illustrates, the WAN link W1 can also be configured bidirectionally between the sensor device SV1 and the reconnaissance system AS. In this case, the transmission unit ÜE is configured, in particular, to receive data DL(T1,H1) transmitted from the terminal TI via the satellite S1 and received by the reconnaissance system AS via the WAN link W1. In these embodiments, the sensor device SV1 can, in particular, also comprise an evaluation unit AE (see Fig. 2). Such an evaluation unit AE is configured, in particular, to evaluate the data preprocessed for the specific terminal TI and / or the data DL(H1,T1) received from the reconnaissance system AS. In this case, the evaluation unit AE is also preferably configured to detect and evaluate device features explained in more detail above and / or user features explained in more detail. In some embodiments, the sensor device SV1 comprises a container (not shown).Here, the antenna device AV is preferably arranged on the container, and the signal processing unit SE and the transmission unit ÜE are arranged in the container. In embodiments in which the sensor device SV1 also comprises an evaluation unit AE (see Fig. 2), the sensor device SV1 can also comprise two containers, namely a first container and a second container. In these embodiments, the antenna device AV is arranged, for example, on the first container, and the signal processing unit SE and the transmission unit ÜE are arranged in the first container, with the evaluation unit AE being arranged in the second container.

[0057] Furthermore, Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a second embodiment of a system with multiple sensor devices SV1, SV2, SV3 and multiple reconnaissance systems AS1, AS2. Furthermore, Figure 3 also shows multiple satellites S1, S2, S3 and a larger number of terminals T1-T5. The respective sensor device SV1, SV2, SV3 is coupled to the respective reconnaissance system AS1, AS2 via a respective WAN link W1, W2, W3.

[0058] The reconnaissance system AS1 is coupled via the WAN link W1 to the sensor device SV1, which is located in the geographical sub-area TB2. Furthermore, the reconnaissance system AS1 is coupled via the WAN link W2 to the sensor device SV2. The further reconnaissance system AS2 is coupled via the WAN link W3 to the sensor device SV3.

[0059] The sensor device SV1 is configured to monitor terminal TI. The reconnaissance system AS1 is configured to monitor terminal T2. The sensor device SV3 is configured to monitor terminals T3 and T4. The additional reconnaissance system AS2 is configured to monitor terminal T5. Thus, the reconnaissance system AS1, as shown in Fig. 3, has the ability to monitor terminals TI and T2. Accordingly, the additional reconnaissance system AS2, as shown in Fig. 3, has the ability to monitor terminals T3, T4, and T5.

[0060] Fig. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of a method for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals DL(H1,T1) transmitted by at least one satellite S1 by a sensor device SV1, SV2, SV3, wherein the satellite S1 has a footprint ZI with a plurality of different geographical sub-areas TB1-TB7, wherein each of the geographical sub-areas TB1-TB7 is assigned a specific satellite signal of the satellite S1.

[0061] The method according to Fig. 4 can be carried out in particular by means of the sensor device SV1 according to one of Figs. 1 to 3 and comprises the steps 401 to 403:

[0062] In step 401, the downlink signals DL(H1,T1) directed to a specific terminal TI located in a specific one of the geographical sub-areas TB1 are received by an antenna device AV of the sensor device SV1.

[0063] In step 402, the received downlink signals DL(H1,T1) are digitally preprocessed by a signal processing unit SE of the sensor device SV1 to provide preprocessed data specific to the particular terminal TI. Preprocessing includes, in particular, demodulation, decoding, and filtering.

[0064] In step 403, the provided preprocessed data are transmitted via at least one WAN link W1 to the reconnaissance system AS by a transmission unit ÜE of the sensor device S1.

[0065] Although the present invention has been described using exemplary embodiments, it is capable of being modified in many ways.

[0066] AE evaluation unit

[0067] AS reconnaissance system

[0068] AS 1 reconnaissance system

[0069] AS2 reconnaissance system

[0070] AV antenna device

[0071] DL(T1,H1) downlink signal with source TI and sink Hl

[0072] DL(H1,T1) downlink signal with source Hl and sink TI

[0073] EC terminal device

[0074] Hl Hub

[0075] 51 satellite

[0076] 52 satellites

[0077] 53 Satellite

[0078] SE signal processing unit

[0079] SV 1 sensor device

[0080] SV2 sensor device

[0081] SV3 sensor device

[0082] TI Terminal

[0083] T2 Terminal

[0084] T3 Terminal

[0085] T4 Terminal

[0086] T5 Terminal

[0087] TB 1 Part of the footprint

[0088] TB2 Part of the footprint

[0089] TB3 Part of the footprint

[0090] TB4 Part of the footprint

[0091] TB5 Part of the footprint

[0092] TB6 Part of the footprint

[0093] TB 7 Part of the footprint

[0094] TB8 Part of the footprint

[0095] TB9 Part of the footprint UL(T1,H1) uplink signal with source TI and sink Hl

[0096] UL(H1,T1) Uplink signal with source Hl and sink TI

[0097] ÜE transmission unit

[0098] W1 W AN route

[0099] W2 WAN route

[0100] W3 WAN link

[0101] Z 1 Satellite footprint

[0102] 401 Process step

[0103] 402 Process step

[0104] 403 Process step

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Sensor device (SV1, SV2, SV3) for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals (DL(H1,T1)) transmitted by at least one satellite (Sl) for a reconnaissance system (AS), wherein the satellite (Sl) has a coverage area (Zl) with a plurality of different geographical sub-areas (TB1-TB7), each of which is assigned a specific satellite signal of the satellite (Sl), comprising: an antenna device (AV) configured to receive downlink signals (DL(H1,T1)) of the satellite (Sl) directed to a specific terminal (Tl) located in a specific of the geographical sub-areas (TB1), and a signal processing unit (SE) for digital signal processing comprising at least demodulation, decoding, and filtering of the received downlink signals (DL(H1,T1)) to provide the specific terminal with (Tl) specific pre-processed data,and a transmission unit (TU) for transmitting the provided pre-processed data via at least one WAN link (W 1) to the reconnaissance system (AS).

2. Sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal processing unit (SE) is configured to preprocess the received downlink signals (DL(H1,T1)) with respect to the specific terminal (Tl) and subsequently to preprocess them with respect to efficient data transmission depending on parameters specific for the at least one WAN link (W 1), in particular depending on a communication protocol of the WAN link (W 1).

3. Sensor device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, that the antenna device (AV) comprises a multi-feed antenna or a plurality of antennas for receiving downlink signals transmitted on different frequency bands from a plurality of satellites (Si, S2, S3), in particular from satellites (Si, S2, S3) of different satellite networks, for example comprising Thuraya, Inmarsat, VSAT, Starlink, OneWeb and Iridium.

4. Sensor device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the transmission unit (TU) is configured to transmit the provided pre-processed data to the reconnaissance system (AS) via the at least one WAN link (W 1) at predetermined times or on request from the reconnaissance system (AS).

5. Sensor device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one WAN link (W 1) comprises at least one DSL link, at least one fiber optic link, at least one mobile communication link and / or at least one satellite link.

6. Sensor device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sensor device (SV 1) has a container, wherein the antenna device (AV) is arranged on the container and the signal processing unit (SE) and the transmission unit (ÜE) are arranged in the container.

7. Sensor device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, that the transmission unit (TU) is set up to receive data (DL (Tl, Hl)) transmitted from the specified terminal (Tl) via the satellite (Sl) and received by the reconnaissance system (AS) via at least one WAN link (W 1).

8. Sensor device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by an evaluation unit (AE) which is configured to evaluate the data pre-processed for the specific terminal (Tl) and / or the data received by the reconnaissance system (AS) of the specific terminal (Tl). According to another embodiment, the evaluation unit is configured to capture and evaluate device characteristics such as IMEI, IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, parameters of network protocol levels 3 and 7 according to the OSI model, temporary identifiers, device type, location data, and / or user characteristics such as telephone numbers, passwords, account access numbers, email addresses, account numbers, and the like.

9. Sensor device according to claim 8, characterized in that the sensor device (SV 1) has a first container and a second container, wherein the antenna device (AV) is arranged on the first container and the signal processing unit (SE) and the transmission unit (ÜE) are arranged in the first container, wherein the evaluation unit (AE) is arranged in the second container.

10. Sensor device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sensor device (SV 1) is assigned to a plurality of geographical sub-areas (TBl - TB7) of the illumination zone (Zl) of the satellite (Sl).

11. System, with: a number of NI of sensor devices (SV1, SV2, SV3) according to one of claims 1 to 10, with NI > 1, and a number of N2 of reconnaissance systems (AS) which can be coupled to the NI sensor devices (SV1, SV2, SV3) via at least one WAN link (W1, W2, W3).

12. System according to claim 11, characterized in that the system comprises a plurality of NI of sensor devices (SV1, SV2, SV3), with NI > 2.

13. System according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the system comprises a plurality N2 of reconnaissance systems (AS), with N2 > 2, wherein in particular two of the reconnaissance systems (AS) can be coupled by means of a bidirectional interface.

14. System according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the respective sensor device (SV1, SV2, SV3) has a multi-feed antenna or a plurality of antennas for receiving downlink signals transmitted on different frequency bands from a plurality of satellites, and / or that the respective reconnaissance system (AS) has a multi-feed antenna or a plurality of antennas for receiving downlink signals transmitted on different frequency bands from a plurality of satellites.

15. Method for data transmission and / or evaluation of downlink signals (DL(H1,T1)) transmitted by at least one satellite (Sl) by means of a sensor device (SV1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the Sa- tellit (Si) has a coverage area (Z 1) with a plurality of different geographical sub-areas (TB1 - TB7), wherein each of the geographical sub-areas (TB1 - TB7) is assigned a specific satellite signal of the satellite (Sl), comprising the steps: receiving (401) downlink signals (DL(H1,T1)) directed to a specific terminal (Tl) located in a particular of the geographical sub-areas (TB1 - TB7) by an antenna device (AV) of the sensor device (SV1), Digital signal processing (402) comprising at least demodulation, decoding and filtering of the received downlink signals (DL(H1,T1)) to provide preprocessed data specific to the particular terminal (Tl) by a signal processing unit (SE) of the sensor device (SV1), and Transmit (403) the provided pre-processed data via at least one WAN link (Wl) to the reconnaissance system (AS) by a transmission unit (ÜE) of the sensor device (SV1).

Images