Sports shoe midsole, sports shoe, method for adapting a sports shoe and method for producing a sports shoe

Abstract

A sports shoe midsole (1) comprises a body (1) and a cushioning element (3). The body (2), made of polymeric material, has an upper face and a lower face. The body (2) defines at least one through-hole (4) with a side wall connecting the upper face and the lower face. The cross section of the through-hole (4) in the lower face is larger than the cross section of the through-hole (4) in the upper face. The cushioning element (3) is detachably mounted with respect to the body (2). The cushioning element (3) fills the through-hole (4) and bears continuously on the side wall. The cushioning element (3) is arranged in a heel region or a metatarsal region.

Description

SPORTS SHOE MIDSOLE, SPORTS SHOE, METHOD FOR ADAPTING A SPORTS SHOE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A SPORTS SHOE

[0001] The invention relates to a sports shoe midsole, a sports shoe, a method of adapting a sports shoe and a method of manufacturing a sports shoe sole and a sports shoe.

[0002] When practicing a sport, it is recognized that it is preferable to use suitable equipment, particularly to reduce the risk of injury. For running, whether on the track, road, or trail, there are many different configurations of sports shoes, all of which have a midsole, an outsole, and an insole. The soles are adapted to meet the specific needs of the different sports addressed. The many shoes on the market cover the needs of athletes with different body shapes, including very different feet.

[0003] It is obvious to adapt the length of the sole to the length of the foot. It is also known to make shoes wider or narrower to better adapt to different foot widths. Finally, it is known to modify the mechanical performance of the soles in order to distinguish training shoes from competition shoes, shoes for short distances from shoes for longer distances. Shoes adapted to people of varying weight have also appeared. Finally, manufacturers supply shoes with different drops, that is, with different inclinations between the heel and the toes. Depending on the type of shoe sought, the sole is modified in its dimensions, shape, or mechanical performance, in particular to provide the most suitable cushioning.

[0004] Despite the wide range of products available, it's not always possible to find the most suitable pair of shoes because retailers may not have every model in stock. Therefore, there's a trade-off to be made between different parameters when choosing a sports shoe. If the shoe doesn't fit properly, it increases the risk of injury and / or leads to premature wear of at least one of the shoes.

[0005] To better adapt a shoe to the needs of its user, it is known to replace the insole with one whose mechanical performance is different. In particular, insoles are known whose volume differs from the insoles supplied with the shoes in order to better adapt to the shape of the arch of the foot.

[0006] It is also known from document US 2012 / 0255199 to modify a shoe sole to modify the body balance in order to define only a support under the heel, a support under the first metatarsal and a support under the fourth metatarsal. The sole can be formed with a hole which is through or blind between the support zones of the first and fourth metatarsals or between the support zones of the heel and the fourth metatarsal to define an adjustment structure of the sole. The holes can be filled with a softer material than the rest of the sole. The underside of the foot between the first and fourth metatarsals or between the heel and the fourth metatarsal are not intended to come into support of the adjustment system. Subject of the invention

[0007] An object of the invention is to provide a sports shoe midsole whose mechanical performance in the thickness direction can be more easily modified in order to better adapt to the needs of the user and in particular by allowing better adaptation of the shoe to the characteristics of the user's walking / stride.

[0008] According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a midsole for a sports shoe comprising:- a body made of polymer material with an upper face and a lower face, the body defining at least one through-hole with a side wall connecting the upper face and the lower face, the through-hole having a variable section between the lower face and the upper face, the section being measured along a cutting plane parallel to the upper face, the through-hole having over at least a first part of the thickness of the body a reduction in the value of the section in a direction perpendicular to the cutting plane and directed from the lower face towards the upper face, the thickness being measured in said direction perpendicular to the cutting plane;- a damping element mounted removably relative to the body, the damping element filling the through hole and bearing continuously on the side wall of the hole at least over the first part of the thickness of the body, the damping element being arranged in a heel area or in a metatarsal area.;

[0009] Advantageously, the damping element has a shape complementary to the through hole between the upper face and the lower face.

[0010] In a particular configuration, the damping element has a stiffness different from the stiffness of the body, the stiffness being measured in a first direction which connects the lower face and the upper face.

[0011] Preferably, the through hole and the damping element together form an anti-rotation device. The damping element has a different stiffness between a first lateral portion and a second lateral portion, the stiffness being measured in a first direction which connects the lower face and the upper face, a second direction connecting the first lateral portion and the second lateral portion, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body.

[0012] According to one embodiment, the damping element can be arranged in the through hole in a first position such that the first lateral portion is arranged in an internal portion of the body and the second lateral portion is arranged in an external portion of the body or in a second position such that the second lateral portion is arranged in an internal portion of the body and the first lateral portion is arranged in an external portion of the body.

[0013] According to another embodiment, the damping element is formed by a deformable lattice having a stiffness in a first direction different from the stiffness in a second direction, the first direction connecting the lower face and the upper face, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body.

[0014] It is advantageous to provide that the damping element is formed by at least first and second parts, the first part being inseparable from the body when the first part and the second part are installed in the through hole.

[0015] Preferably, the body defines at least one additional through-hole with a side wall connecting the upper face and the lower face, the cross-section of the additional through-hole in the lower face being larger than the cross-section of the additional through-hole in the upper face. An additional damping element is removably mounted relative to the body, the additional damping element filling the additional through-hole and bearing continuously on the side wall of the additional through-hole, the additional damping element being arranged in the metatarsal area and the damping element being arranged in the heel area.

[0016] In a particular embodiment, the damping element is made of EVA, expanded thermoplastic polyurethane or is in the form of a lattice and the body is made of a material free of EVA and expanded thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0017] In an advantageous development, the through hole has over at least a second part of the thickness of the body an increase in the value of the section in the direction perpendicular to the cutting plane and directed from the lower face towards the upper face, the body successively comprising at least the lower face, the first part, the second part and the upper face.

[0018] Another object of the invention is to provide a sports shoe whose mechanical performance in the direction of thickness can be more easily modified in order to better adapt to the needs of the user and in particular by allowing better adaptation of the shoe to the characteristics of the user's walking / stride.

[0019] This problem is addressed by providing a sports shoe comprising a midsole in any of the preceding configurations and an outer sole, the outer sole being fixed in a non-removable manner to the midsole and the outer sole closing the through hole to prevent the shock-absorbing element from being removed from the underside of the shoe.

[0020] The invention also relates to a method which makes it possible to better adapt the mechanical performance of the shoe to the needs of the user.

[0021] This result is achieved by means of a method for adapting a sports shoe comprising the following steps:- providing a sports shoe according to the previous configuration;- acquiring data relating to the gait / stride of a user;- removing the shock-absorbing element from the sports shoe;- introducing a new shock-absorbing element into the hole, the new shock-absorbing element being better adapted to the gait / stride of the user.

[0022] Preferably, the data relating to the user's gait / stride include at least one of the following data: the user's weight, the determination of a pronator, supinator or neutral stride.

[0023] In a particular embodiment, the novel damping element is formed by 3D printing in the form of a deformable lattice and wherein the characteristics of the deformable lattice are defined using data relating to the user's gait / stride.

[0024] The invention also relates to a method which makes it possible to manufacture a shoe which is more easily adaptable to the mechanical performance of the shoe to the needs of the user.

[0025] This result is achieved by means of a shoe manufacturing process comprising the following steps:

[0026] - providing a damping element or a pad representative of the damping element;- installing the damping element in a mold intended to form a midsole body;- forming the midsole body in polymer material around the damping element, the body having an upper face and a lower face, the damping element passing through the body and extending from the upper face to the lower face, the damping element having a variable section between the lower face and the upper face, the section being measured along a cutting plane parallel to the upper face, the damping element having over at least a first part of the thickness of the body an increase in the value of the section in a direction perpendicular to the cutting plane and directed from the lower face towards the upper face, the thickness being measured in said direction perpendicular to the cutting plane;- irremovably fix an outer sole to the underside of the midsole and fix a pin to the upper side of the midsole.; Summary description of the drawings

[0027] Other advantages and characteristics will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments and implementations of the invention given as non-limiting examples and represented in the appended drawings, in which:

[0028] : schematically illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of an intermediate sole according to the invention;

[0029] : schematically illustrates a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of an intermediate sole according to the invention;

[0030] : schematically illustrates a top view of a first embodiment of an intermediate sole without a shock-absorbing element according to the invention;

[0031] : la, schematically illustrates a top view of a first embodiment of an intermediate sole with two shock-absorbing elements according to the invention;

[0032] : the, schematically illustrates, in sectional view, a damping element in the form of a spring;

[0033] : the, schematically illustrates, in sectional view, a damping element made in two parts;

[0034] : la, schematically illustrates, in sectional view, another embodiment of a damping element.

[0035] As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the midsole 1 of a sports shoe has a body 2 and at least one shock-absorbing element 3. Conventionally, the body 2 is made of a flexible material whose stiffness is adapted to the desired use of the sports shoe. The body 2 of the sole is preferably made of a polymer material and even more preferably in the form of a foam. It is possible to use a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foam or expanded thermoplastic polyurethane, an EVA foam, a combination of these or another material capable of forming a midsole of a sports shoe.

[0036] The midsole 1 is called "midsole" in English. The midsole 1 has an upper face that is intended to be in contact with the inner sole of the shoe or "insole". The inner sole is intended to be in direct contact with the user's foot. The inner sole preferably has insulation and comfort functions. The midsole 1 has a lower face that is intended to be fixed to the outer sole also called the outsole or "outsole". The outer sole is the sole that is in contact with the ground, it is made of a material that is resistant to ground aggression. The outer sole is fixed in a permanent manner to the midsole 1 and it provides mechanical strength in the directions perpendicular to the thickness direction, that is to say in the length direction and in the width direction.For example, the outsole is made of rubber, polyurethane, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The outsole is made of a material different from the material forming the midsole, preferably a material that is less compressible than the material forming the midsole, preferably a solid material, i.e., one that is not a foam. The outsole has greater abrasion resistance, for example by means of a higher hardness than the material forming the midsole 1. The outsole may have a stiffness greater than the midsole in the first direction. In a particular embodiment, the midsole 1 and the outsole are formed monolithically. The same element forms the outsole and the midsole, for example the sole is produced in a single molding step.The outer part of the sole has mechanical properties of the upper part, so as to separate the parts forming the outer sole and the midsole.

[0037] The body of the midsole 1 defines at least one hole 4 which is intended to receive a damping element 3. The body 2 of the midsole 1 defines a hole 4 which may be a blind hole but which is preferably a through hole. The hole 4 extends in a first direction which corresponds to the thickness of the midsole 1, that is to say in a direction which passes through an upper face and a lower face of the sole. The hole 4 preferably extends over at least 50% of the thickness of the midsole 1, preferably over at least 75% of the thickness of the midsole 1 and even more preferably over the entire thickness of the midsole 1, the hole 4 is then a through hole.The greater the thickness of the midsole 1, the greater the modulation of the mechanical characteristics of the midsole 1, and in particular the modulation of the stiffness in a first direction which connects the upper face and the lower face. The body 2 defines a ring which is continuous around the hole 4, in an observation according to the direction of the thickness. The ring formed by the body 2 makes it possible to maintain mechanical continuity, which makes it possible to ensure a certain rigidity of the midsole 1. The body 2 may define one or more holes 4, for example under the heel and / or under the metatarsal area. It is also possible to provide that the midsole 1 defines two or more holes in order to provide greater adaptability of the mechanical performance of the midsole. Advantageously, the hole 4 which is located under the user's heel is a through hole.However, it is also possible that the hole 4 located under the metatarsal area is also a through hole so that a shock absorber element 3 can be installed that provides cushioning better suited to the user. Preferably, the shock absorber element(s) 3 provide cushioning better suited to the user's needs under the calcaneus and metatarsals by allowing shock absorption. The flared shape of the shock absorber elements 3 facilitates maximum distribution of the shock wave and its transmission to the body 2. The body 2 is preferably configured to provide dynamic and arch support properties. For example, the body 2 may include reinforcements, preferably thermoplastic plates. As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, it is preferable for the shock absorber element 3 to extend over the entire support surface of the metatarsal area or the heel area.As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, it is particularly advantageous for the upper face of the shock-absorbing element 3 to be flush with the upper face of the body 2 to absorb shocks during the walking and running phases.

[0038] The body 2 of the midsole 1 defines a hole 4 which is delimited by a side wall which extends from the upper face to the opposite end, preferably to the lower face. In order to increase the effectiveness of the cushioning modulation, it is advantageous to have a damping element 3 with a large surface area under the area(s) of force transmission from the foot. It is therefore advantageous to have a hole 4 which extends as much as possible along the width of the midsole 1. The width is measured in a direction which connects the inner face and the outer face of the midsole 1.

[0039] By producing a sole that comprises a body 2 and a shock-absorbing element 3 that are made of different materials, the body 2 and the shock-absorbing element deform differently during the walking phases and especially during running. The difference in behavior can cause an unpleasant sensation. It is therefore interesting to control the differential deformation between the body and the shock-absorbing element 3. It is advisable to avoid the formation of a side wall that extends substantially perpendicular to the upper face of the midsole because this creates a step between the body and the shock-absorbing element, which is unpleasant especially during the running phases.

[0040] To have good mechanical connection between the body 2 and the damping element 3, it is advantageous for the through hole 4 to have a variable section between the lower face and the upper face. The section is measured along a cutting plane parallel to the upper face. More preferably, the through hole having over at least a first part of the thickness of the body 2 a reduction in the value of the section in a direction perpendicular to the cutting plane and directed from the lower face towards the upper face. The thickness being measured in the direction perpendicular to the cutting plane. Thus, as one moves away from the lower face, the section of the hole 4 decreases, in the first part, that is to say there is a narrowing. In the embodiment illustrated in, the first part extends over the entire thickness of the body 2.

[0041] The damping element 3 fills the through hole 4 and it bears continuously on the side wall of the hole 4 at least over the first part of the thickness of the body 2. This continuous support between the side wall of the body 2 and the side wall of the damping element 3 allows for good transfer of lateral forces between the damping element 3 and the body 2.

[0042] Advantageously, the hole 4 has a section in the upper face which is less important than the section in the thickness of the body 2 and less important than the section of the hole 4 at the opposite end preferably when the latter opens into the lower face. The reduced section in the upper face makes it possible not to degrade the mechanical properties around the attachment points between the upper and the midsole 1. The large section in the lower face makes it possible to have a good transfer of energy with the outer sole which is more rigid.

[0043] Preferably, the damping element 3 has a shape complementary or substantially complementary to that of the hole 4 so as to achieve an effective transfer of forces between the body 2 and the damping element 3 during running phases, jumps and more generally impacts between the foot and the ground. The use of a damping element 3 which has a side wall inclined relative to the upper face of the body of the midsole makes it possible to maintain the damping element 3 in the hole 4 during impacts without forming a troublesome zone at the interface between the damping element 3 and the body 2. The use of inclined side walls also makes it possible to modulate the stiffness in the first direction as one moves away from the damping element 3. Such a configuration makes it possible to avoid a sensation of a hard point under the foot.The overlap between the body 2 and the damping element 3 with preferentially complementary lateral faces allows modulation of the stiffness which improves the mechanical interaction between the body 2 and the damping element 3.

[0044] Advantageously, the through hole 4 has, over at least a second part of the thickness of the body 2, an increase in the value of the section in the direction perpendicular to the cutting plane and directed from the lower face towards the upper face, i.e., a widening. The body 2 successively comprises at least the lower face, the first part, the second part and the upper face. In other words, the section of the through hole increases as it approaches the upper face. As it approaches the upper face, the damping element 3 occupies a larger space, which makes it possible to move the interface between the damping element 3 and the body 2 to the lateral edges of the sole, i.e., to less sensitive locations. The side wall of the body may define a convex surface while the side wall of the damping element 3 may define a concave surface.Preferably, the two surfaces are complementary. In an embodiment illustrated in the, in section along the transverse direction, the damping element 3 is in the form of an hourglass, that is to say with two trapezoids substantially opposite by their small bases. This embodiment is more advantageous than the configuration illustrated in thebecause it makes it possible to better manage the differences in stiffness between the damping element 3 and the body 2 and particularly when body 2 is made of a more rigid material than the damping element 3. The damping element 3 has a restriction zone where its section is reduced which makes it possible to form a complementary zone where the body 2 has a larger section which allows better mechanical strength.

[0045] The side wall may be flat or substantially flat. The inclination of the side wall allows for an increasing increase in the cross-section of the hole from the upper face to the opposite end. In another embodiment, the side faces are textured; they may define hollows and bumps. It is preferable that the side walls of the hole 4 and the damping element 3 are complementary to fix the damping element in the body in the lengthwise direction, in the widthwise direction as well as in the thicknesswise direction and better distribute the forces between the damping element 3 and the body 2.

[0046] It is advantageous to have continuous contact between the side wall of the absorber element 3 and the side wall of the body 2 over the entire height of the hole 4 and over the entire perimeter of the hole 4 so as to have an absorber element 3 held fixedly in the body 2 and which effectively transfers the forces with the body 2.

[0047] The body 2 and the absorber element 3 are formed from elastically deformable materials that have different stiffnesses depending on the thickness direction. When walking or running, the body 2 and the absorber element 3 deform differently. The body 2 and the absorber element 3 are made from compressible materials, for example foams. The absorber element 3 can be formed from a single material, but it is also possible to use a composite material, a combination of several foams and possibly a foam and gel combination.

[0048] By installing a damping element 3 better adapted to the biomechanical specificities of the user, this makes it possible to adapt the performance of the midsole 1 of a shoe to the needs of its user. There is an interest in adapting a running shoe, but it is also possible to adapt the mechanical performance of a walking shoe, a racket sports shoe or an indoor sports shoe. In all these configurations, there is an interest in better adapting the mechanical performance of the midsole 1 to the specificities of the user. It is advantageous to use a damping element 3 which has a greater viscoelastic character than that of the material forming the body 2.

[0049] It is preferable that the hole 4 extends as much as possible in the width direction in order to receive the forces provided by the foot and mainly from the heel or the metatarsal area without disturbing the attachment area between the body 2 and the upper. To facilitate energy dissipation, it is preferable that the damping element 3 extends as much as possible in the width direction inside the body 2, it is advantageous that the damping element 3 extends under the attachment areas between the body 2 and the upper, for example under the seams (in the first direction).

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio between the width of the hole 4 in the upper face and the width of the hole 4 at the opposite end is greater than 0.5, preferably greater than 0.7 and advantageously less than 0.9. The width is measured along a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction and which is also perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the midsole 1. The longitudinal direction of the midsole 1 corresponds to the direction of the largest dimension of the sole which corresponds to the direction which connects the heel to the toes. The dimension ratio between the top of the hole (the upper face) and the bottom of the hole (the opposite end) may have another value along the longitudinal axis. The damping element 3 has a ratio between the dimension of the top of the hole and the dimension of the bottom of the hole along the longitudinal axis which is different from the ratio along the transverse axis.

[0051] In a particular embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the hole 4 is in the form of a truncated cone, that is to say it defines an axis of symmetry which is parallel to the first direction. In a sectional view along the thickness of the midsole 1, the hole 4 is in the form of a trapezoid. The angle of inclination of the side wall with respect to the first direction is constant. Alternatively, the side wall may define a curve or stairs or other shapes.

[0052] It is possible to have side walls with more complex shapes, for example with notches so as to better fix the damping element 3 in the hole 4.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the angle of inclination of the side wall relative to the first direction is different depending on whether a section is observed in the longitudinal direction or in the second direction. It is preferable that the angle of inclination in the section in the second direction is greater in the longitudinal direction.

[0054] The damping element 3 is elastically deformable under the effect of a stress in the first direction. The damping element 3 may be in the form of a foam, for example an EVA foam, a thermoplastic polyurethane foam. The damping element 3 may also be a polymer spring obtained by 3D printing or a gel. It is also possible to combine these materials in order to modulate the characteristics of the damping element 3 with respect to the cushioning and the responsiveness of the sole or the recovery of the sole. It is advantageous to form a damping element in the form of a lattice and whose side wall is continuous, that is to say without holes. 3D printing means an additive method in which material is added in successive layers to form a predefined three-dimensional model as well as a subtractive method in which a block of material is engraved to define the predefined three-dimensional model.

[0055] The damping element 3 fills the hole 4 and bears continuously on the side wall. Preferably, the damping element 3 is mounted removably relative to the body 2. The damping element 3 is mounted removably, which allows it to be replaced by another damping element 3 which is more suited to the needs of the user in order to better adapt the performance of the sole to the specificities of the user. This also allows the damping element 3 to be replaced when the latter is worn, for example when the Young's modulus of the damping element 3 or the stiffness in the first direction has decreased by 10%.

[0056] As the shoe is used, it degrades. However, the degradation of the shoe's multiple components is not uniform. The area of ​​the midsole 1 located under the heel bears the vast majority of shocks, which results in preferential wear of this part of the shoe compared to the other components. By allowing the removal of a shock-absorbing element 3 located in the midsole under the heel, it becomes easier to replace the shock-absorbing element 3 when it is worn. The same can be true under the metatarsal area.

[0057] The shock-absorbing element 3 can then be replaced, allowing the shoe to be used for a new cycle of use. Replacing the shock-absorbing element 3 makes it possible to form a shoe suitable for its original use. Replacing the shock-absorbing element 3 makes it possible to reduce the ecological footprint of the shoe by only replacing the element considered worn.

[0058] The use of a midsole 1 provided with a shock-absorbing element 3 removable from the body 2 makes it possible to replace the shock-absorbing element 3 with another which has a stiffness better adapted to the needs of the user. During its manufacture, the midsole 1 is configured for a user of a predefined weight (reference weight). The stiffness of the midsole 1 and more particularly the area under the heel is sized to withstand the shocks resulting from the running phases for a user having the predefined weight. However, when the user is heavier, the cushioning provided by the sole may be insufficient, which can lead to injuries. Conversely, when the user is lighter, the sole does not respond as expected because it becomes too rigid.It is therefore interesting to be able to quickly and easily modulate the mechanical performance of the sole and preferably the area under the heel or the metatarsal area.

[0059] In one embodiment, the damping element 3 has a difference in stiffness between a first lateral portion and a second lateral portion. The two lateral portions are adjacent in width. The use of a damping element 3 which has a difference in stiffness between a first lateral portion and a second lateral portion is particularly advantageous in order to adjust the phenomena of walking / stride in pronation or supination. By using the adapted damping element 3, it is possible to increase the stiffness of the internal portion of the midsole relative to the external portion or to decrease the stiffness of the internal portion of the midsole relative to the external portion.The use of a midsole 1 having a hole 4 which allows the shock-absorbing element 3 to be removed is particularly advantageous for better adapting the mechanical characteristics of the shoe to a pronator stride or a supinator stride. Furthermore, since each shoe can be modified independently of the other, it is possible to adapt one shoe to a type of stride chosen from a pronator, supinator or neutral stride and to independently adapt the other shoe to a type of stride chosen from a pronator, supinator or neutral stride.

[0060] In a particular embodiment, the hole 4 and the damping element 3 together form an anti-rotation device configured to prevent the damping element 3 from rotating in the hole 4 about an axis substantially parallel to the first direction. The use of an anti-rotation device is particularly advantageous when the damping element 3 has a difference in stiffness between a first lateral portion and a second lateral portion. The difference in stiffness is measured along the width, i.e. along the second direction which is perpendicular to the direction which connects the lower face and the upper face of the sole 1. During repeated impacts linked to running phases or when walking, the damping element 3 deforms. The anti-rotation means prevent the forces applied to the damping element 3 from rotating the damping element 3 in the hole 4.

[0061] Preferably, the damping element 3 which has a difference in stiffness between a first lateral portion and a second lateral portion can be installed in the hole 4 in a first position or in a second position. The first position can be adapted to a pronating walk / stride while the second position can be adapted to a supinating walk / stride. The anti-rotation means prevent the damping element 3 from rotating when the latter is in the hole.

[0062] In a particular embodiment, the damping element 3 is a foam. In another embodiment, the damping element 3 is a deformable lattice. It is advantageous to have a deformable lattice which defines a first stiffness in the first direction different from a second stiffness in the second direction. The first direction connects the lower face and the upper face, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body 2.

[0063] The use of a deformable lattice is particularly advantageous because it is possible to form an anisotropic damping element 3 and preferably a highly anisotropic damping element 3. It is particularly advantageous to form a lattice whose Young's modulus in the second direction is lower than the Young's modulus in the first direction. It is then easy to deform the damping element 3 in the second direction in order to facilitate its installation in the hole 4. Once in place, the damping element 3 is mainly stressed in the first direction. For example, the Young's modulus or stiffness in the second direction is lower than the Young's modulus or stiffness in the first direction by at least 30%.

[0064] Particularly advantageously, the lattice damping element 3 is formed by 3D printing, preferably using an additive method, which makes it possible to adapt the mechanical characteristics of the lattice to the user's needs, in particular its stiffness in the first direction. It is also possible to adapt the chemical composition of the material to the user's needs, in particular to obtain the desired stiffness in the first direction. The lattice is custom-formed to adapt to the user's specific requirements as closely as possible.

[0065] In another embodiment, the damping element 3 is formed by an isotropic element, for example in the form of a gel or a foam. It is possible to combine the use of a deformable lattice and a foam or a gel so as to more finely adapt the mechanical characteristics of the damping element 3.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the damping element 3 is formed by at least first and second parts, the first part 3a being inseparable from the body 2 when the second part 3b is installed in the hole 4. When the damping element 3 has a significant stiffness and in particular a significant stiffness in the second direction and / or the longitudinal direction, it is advantageous to divide the damping element 3 into several separate parts 3a / 3b. The first part 3a is installed in the hole, then the second part 3b is installed in the hole 4 so as to block the first part 3a in the hole 4. It is also possible to provide for the damping element 3 to be formed by a plurality of foam and / or gel elements which have different mechanical properties and some of these elements are removable from the others.Once the mechanical characteristics of the damping element 3 have been defined according to the first direction, it is possible to choose the right set of elements to form the damping element 3.

[0067] In a particular embodiment illustrated in , the first part 3a and the second part 3b have different stiffnesses in the first direction, which makes it possible to form a damping element 3 with different stiffnesses between the first lateral portion and the second lateral portion, for example to manage pronator or supinator strides.

[0068] It is particularly advantageous to form a sports shoe that has a midsole 1 according to one of the configurations presented above. In the case where the body 2 of the midsole 1 defines a through hole 4, the outer sole closes the through hole 4 so that the combination of the midsole 1 and the outer sole defines a blind hole. The shock-absorbing element 3 bears on the outer sole. It is particularly advantageous to have a through hole because the forces are better managed between the shock-absorbing element 3 and the body 2.

[0069] In order to more precisely adapt the mechanical performance of the midsole 1 to the specificities of the user, it is advantageous to determine one or more characteristics relating to the use of the shoe.

[0070] In order to better adapt the mechanical performance of the sole and therefore of the shoe to the user's needs, it is advantageous to determine the user's weight. Once the user's weight is known, it is possible to compare the value obtained with a reference value, i.e. the current value of the midsole 1.

[0071] When the user's weight does not correspond to the reference weight or the reference weight range, the damping element 3 must be replaced by another damping element 3 whose stiffness is better adapted, that is to say a damping element 3 whose reference weight corresponds to or encompasses the user's weight.

[0072] Alternatively or in addition, it is advantageous to determine the user's experience, which can condition their running technique and therefore the need for cushioning. The mechanical characteristics of the damping element 3 are a function of the user's experience. The lower the experience, the more advantageous it is to have cushioning. The stiffness of the damping element is at least a function of a parameter representative of the user's experience.

[0073] Alternatively or in addition, it is advantageous to determine whether the shoe is intended for short distances, for example less than 10 km or whether, on the contrary, the shoe is intended for longer distances, for example more than 20 km. It is also advantageous to know the weekly mileage. It is advantageous to provide greater cushioning for long distances compared to short distances. Once the average distance of the race is known, it is possible to replace the shock absorber element 3 with another shock absorber element 3 whose stiffness is better adapted. It is advantageous to combine this information with the user's weight in order to provide an even more suitable shock absorber element 3. The mechanical characteristics of the shock absorber element 3 are a function of the mileage per outing and the weekly mileage. The greater the mileage, the more advantageous it is to have cushioning.The stiffness of the shock absorber element is at least a function of a parameter representative of the average or weekly distance intended to be covered by the user.

[0074] Alternatively or in addition, it is beneficial to determine whether the shoe is intended for training or competition, i.e., whether the shoe should have high or low responsiveness. Once the use of the shoe has been determined, it is beneficial to determine the most suitable mechanical characteristics for the shock-absorbing element. It is also possible to determine the type of terrain (flat or textured) as well as the gradient.

[0075] Depending on the information provided by the user, it is then possible to modify the mechanical performance of the damping element in order to adapt more precisely to the user's needs.

[0076] Since the adaptation is carried out independently for each shoe, it is possible to make different modifications between the two shoes.

[0077] Modifying the midsole 1 to better adapt its mechanical performance to the user's needs is more advantageous than modifying the insole because the available thickness is greater. It also appears that modifying the midsole is compatible with the use of a custom-made insole to adapt to the morphology of the foot. Modifying the midsole 1 allows the internal volume of the shoe to remain unchanged.

[0078] Alternatively or in addition, to better adapt the technical characteristics of the sole, it is advantageous to define the characteristics of the stride. It is advantageous to determine the characteristics of the user's gait / stride. If the gait analysis determines that the gait / stride is pronated or supinated, it is advantageous to modify the characteristics of the damping element 3 in order to adapt the mechanical characteristics in the second direction to the characteristics of the gait / stride. Depending on whether the gait / stride is initiated by the heel or the midfoot, the characteristics of the damping element 3 are modified so as to define the value of the stiffness and therefore the necessary cushioning. It is therefore beneficial to take images of the gait / stride to analyze the gait / stride and determine the characteristics that define the damping element 3.

[0079] To carry out the adaptation of a sports shoe, it is interesting to have an adaptation method which comprises the following steps: - providing a shoe according to any of the preceding configurations; - acquiring data relating to the walking / stride of a user; - determining the mechanical characteristics of a shock-absorbing element to adapt to the walking / stride of the user - removing the shock-absorbing element 3 from the shoe; - introducing a new shock-absorbing element 3 according to the acquired data, the new shock-absorbing element 3 being better adapted to the walking / stride of the user.

[0080] Preferably, the data relating to the user's gait / stride include at least one of the following data: the user's weight, the determination of a pronated, supinated or neutral gait / stride. It is also advantageous if the data include the determination of the expected distance to be covered (average or weekly) and the determination of the foot strike during the user's gait / stride.

[0081] Once the gait / stride analysis has been carried out, this information is transmitted to a processing circuit which proposes installing one or more shock-absorbing elements 3 in the midsole 1. The processing circuit indicates which type of shock-absorbing element 3 must be installed.

[0082] Preferably, the new damping element 3 is formed by 3D printing in the form of a deformable lattice. The characteristics of the deformable lattice are defined using data relating to the user's gait / stride. The processing circuit can provide the plans of the lattice to the 3D printing device which will form the damping element 3 based on the information collected.

[0083] Since there are a multitude of shoe models, it is particularly interesting to use 3D printing to form the shock-absorbing element 3 in such a way as to adapt the mechanical performance of the shock-absorbing element 3 to the space available in the hole 4 of the body 2. The volume of the hole 4 can change from one model to another, from one size to another. It is therefore advantageous to identify the type of shoe in order to identify the dimensions of the hole as well as the mechanical characteristics of the body 2 of the sole. The mechanical characteristics of the shock-absorbing element 3 will be defined according to this data to best integrate the shock-absorbing element 3 into the sole as well as to adapt the sole to the needs of the user.

[0084] In one case, the shape of the hole 4 is defined during the manufacture of the midsole 1, preferably before it is attached to the upper and / or attached to the outsole. The hole 4 has a height (the dimension in the first direction) and transverse dimensions which are predefined and correspond to a shape imposed for this sole model. It is then possible to form one or more damping elements 3 with different stiffnesses to quickly adapt the performance of the sole and to choose the most suitable damping element 3 based on the information obtained from the user.

[0085] In a first embodiment, the damping element 3 or a stud representing the damping element 3 is installed in a mold. The polymer material(s) intended to form the body 2 are introduced into the mold and form the body 2 around the damping element 3. The damping element 3 opens at least onto the upper face of the midsole 1. The damping element 3 or a stud representing the damping element 3 defines the hole 4. It is advantageous to manufacture the shoe with the damping element 3 rather than the stud so that the shoe can be used immediately. The midsole 1 is substantially identical to a sole of the prior art, which avoids significantly modifying the shoe manufacturing processes.

[0086] The midsole 1 is fixed to the lower sole in a conventional manner, for example by gluing. It is advantageous to add a separating layer between the damping element 3 and the adhesive layer which is intended to fix the midsole 1 with the lower sole. The separating layer makes it easier to remove the damping element 3 by preventing the damping element 3 from sticking to the lower sole. Alternatively, it is always possible to remove the damping element 3 by etching before installing a new damping element 3.

[0087] This embodiment is simple to implement and it allows for a method of manufacturing the midsole 1 which is close to those of the prior art.

[0088] The midsole 1 is attached to the upper and other elements of the athletic shoe as is done in prior art manufacturing processes. To access the shock-absorbing element 3, it is sufficient to remove the insole. The shock-absorbing element 3 is removed and replaced with a more suitable shock-absorbing element 3. The insole can then be reinstalled.

[0089] In another embodiment, the midsole 1 was initially manufactured without defining a hole 4. It is then possible to define a hole 4 and preferably a through hole 4 by removing a portion of the body 2 of the midsole 1. In one embodiment, the hole 4 is formed before the midsole 1 is attached to the outsole and / or the upper. In another embodiment, the shoe is finished or has already been worn or even used, it comprises the lower sole and the upper.

[0090] The hole 4 in the midsole 1 is formed by any means suitable for engraving the body 2, for example by means of a drill or a milling cutter. It is particularly advantageous to use a template which will make it possible to define the precise position of the hole 4, as well as its depth and shape. The combination of a predefined drill with a predefined template makes it possible to control the depth of the hole 4 so as not to weaken the outsole. This also makes it possible to form the hole 4 most suited to the configuration of the shoe, i.e. a hole 4 which makes it possible to install a shock-absorbing element 3, i.e. the dimensions of which in the first direction and perpendicular to the first direction ensure a notable effect on the modification of the stiffness in the first direction without degrading the mechanical performance of the midsole 1 in the second direction and in the longitudinal direction.

[0091] In a particular embodiment, the dimensions of the hole are unknown, for example the hole has been engraved in the midsole 1 from its upper face. It is advantageous to make a three-dimensional optical impression of the hole in order to know its exact shape. Once the shape is known and the data relating to the user's stride are known, it is possible to define which type of shock-absorbing element 3 is the most suitable. Preferably, a determination of the stiffness of the body of the sole is carried out in order to form a shock-absorbing element which takes into account the mechanical performance of the body which surrounds it. When the sole is known, this information can be present in the memory of the processing device and taken into account in the definition of the technical characteristics of the shock-absorbing element 3.

[0092] In one embodiment, the hole 4 is formed by engraving after acquiring user data (weight, stride, mileage, etc.). It is possible to use this data to adapt the shape of the hole 4. It is then advantageous to use a shock-absorbing element formed by 3D printing.

[0093] The damping element 3 is inserted into the hole 4 to modify the mechanical behavior of the midsole 1. The damping element 3 has a stiffness different from the stiffness of the etched part of the midsole 1.

[0094] Conventionally, the midsoles 1 of running shoes are made of EVA foam for ethylene-vinyl acetate. This material provides a very good compromise between mass and cushioning, that is to say, good shock absorption. However, the manufacturing process of an EVA sole is quite difficult to master and it generates a significant environmental impact. It is therefore in your interest to limit the use of such a material as much as possible. There are also shoes whose midsole 1 is made of thermoplastic polyurethane, but the performance is less good.

[0095] The use of a midsole 1 such as that presented above makes it possible to differentiate the mechanical performance of the sole, according to the first direction, for different portions of the sole. It is possible to differentiate the mechanical performance of the midsole 1 between the heel area and the arch area and / or between the metatarsal area and the arch area.

[0096] In order to provide a sports shoe sole that is pleasant to use, it is particularly advantageous to have significant cushioning under the heel and / or under the metatarsal area. On the other hand, the cushioning requirements are less significant under the arch of the foot, under the toes and over the entire periphery of the sole. It is therefore particularly advantageous to form a body 2 from a material other than EVA foam and to add to it a shock-absorbing element 3 made from EVA foam. For example, the body 2 of the midsole 1 is made from a thermoplastic polyurethane foam or another material that is different from EVA and the shock-absorbing element 3 is made from EVA foam. Such an association makes it possible to form a running shoe sole predominantly made from polyurethane foam with the same level of cushioning as a foam sole formed exclusively or almost exclusively from EVA.In a particular embodiment, the body 2 is made of a polymer material other than EVA and thermoplastic polyurethane foam. The damping element 3 is made of EVA and / or thermoplastic polyurethane or deformable mesh. The body 2 is made of a material that has less damping than the material forming the damping element 3. The body 2 is made of a material that provides greater mechanical rigidity so as to better withstand lateral forces. It is advantageous for the body to be free of EVA and even more preferably free of EVA and expanded thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0097] In a particular embodiment, the EVA foam damping element is not removable from the body 2 of the midsole 1. The EVA foam element can be replaced by a damping element 3 produced by three-dimensional printing with a lattice which defines a porous network. The lattice makes it possible to form a damping element 3 which has a greater Young's modulus or stiffness in the thickness direction of the sole than the Young's modulus or stiffness in the length direction and in the width direction.

[0098] The EVA foam damping element 3 is installed in a mold and the body 2 is formed around the EVA foam damping element 3. The damping element 3 extends from one end to the other of the body 2 in the direction of the thickness. The damping element 3 and the body 2 have complementary shapes which facilitate the transfer of forces between the damping element 3 and the body 2. As indicated above, the side walls are inclined which allows a better transfer of forces between the damping element 3 and the body 2. If a pad representative of the damping element 3 is used, the pad is removed after formation of the body to be replaced by the damping element made of EVA, expanded thermoplastic polyurethane or in the form of a deformable lattice.

Claims

Midsole (1) of a sports shoe comprising: - a body (2) of polymer material with an upper face and an lower face, the body (2) defining at least one hole (4) through with a lateral wall connecting the upper face and the lower face, the hole (4) through having a variable cross-section between the lower face and the upper face, the cross-section being measured along a cutting plane parallel to the upper face, the hole through having over at least a first part of the thickness of the body (2) a reduction in the value of the cross-section in a direction perpendicular to the cutting plane and directed from the lower face to the upper face, the thickness being measured along said direction perpendicular to the cutting plane;- a shock-absorbing element (3) mounted removably relative to the body (2), the shock-absorbing element (3) filling the hole (4) passing through and bearing continuously on the lateral wall of the hole (4) at least over the first part of the thickness of the body, the shock-absorbing element (3) being disposed in a heel area or in a metatarsal area, the shock-absorbing element (3) having an upper face flush with an upper face of the body (2) to absorb the shocks of walking or running in the direction of the metatarsals or the heel.; Midsole (1) of sports shoe according to claim 1, wherein the shock-absorbing element (3) has a shape complementary to the through hole (4) between the upper face and the lower face. Midsole (1) of a sports shoe according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the cushioning element (3) has a different stiffness than the stiffness of the body (2), the stiffness being measured along a first direction which connects the lower face and the upper face. Midsole (1) of sports shoe according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the through hole (4) and the shock-absorbing element (3) together form an anti-rotation device and wherein the shock-absorbing element (3) has a different stiffness between a first lateral portion and a second lateral portion, the stiffness being measured along a first direction which connects the lower face and the upper face, a second direction connecting the first lateral portion and the second lateral portion, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body (2). Midsole (1) of sports shoe according to claim 4, wherein the cushioning element (3) can be disposed in the hole (4) passing through in a first position such that the first lateral portion is disposed in an internal portion of the body (2) and the second lateral portion is disposed in an external portion of the body (2) or in a second position such that the second lateral portion is disposed in an internal portion of the body and the first lateral portion is disposed in an external portion of the body (2). Midsole (1) of sports shoe according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the shock-absorbing element (3) is formed by a deformable lattice having a stiffness along a first direction different from the stiffness along a second direction, the first direction connecting the lower face and the upper face, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body (2). Midsole (1) of sports shoe according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cushioning element (3) is formed by at least first and second pieces (3a, 3b), the first piece (3a) being inseparable from the body (2) when the first piece (3a) and the second piece (3b) are installed in the through hole (4). Midsole (1) of a sports shoe according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the body (2) defines at least one additional through hole (4) with a lateral wall connecting the upper and lower faces, the section of the additional through hole (4) in the lower face being larger than the section of the additional through hole (4) in the upper face and wherein an additional shock-absorbing element (3) is mounted removably relative to the body (2), the additional shock-absorbing element (3) filling the additional through hole (4) and bearing continuously on the lateral wall of the additional through hole (4), the additional shock-absorbing element (3) being disposed in the metatarsal area and the shock-absorbing element (3) being disposed in the heel area. Midsole (1) of a sports shoe according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the cushioning element (3) is made of EVA, expanded thermoplastic polyurethane or is in the form of a mesh and the body (2) is made of a material free of EVA and expanded thermoplastic polyurethane. Midsole (1) of sports shoe according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the through hole (4) has over at least a second part of the thickness of the body (2) an increase in the value of the section in the direction perpendicular to the cutting plane and directed from the lower face to the upper face, the body (2) comprising successively at least the lower face, the first part, the second part and the upper face. Sports shoe comprising an intermediate sole (1) according to any one of the preceding claims and an outsole, the outsole being permanently fixed to the intermediate sole and the outsole closing the hole (4) through to prevent the removal of the shock-absorbing element (3) from the bottom of the shoe. Method for adapting a sports shoe comprising the following steps: - providing a sports shoe according to the preceding claim; - acquiring data relating to the gait / stride of a user; - removing the shock-absorbing element (3) from the sports shoe; - introducing a new shock-absorbing element (3) into the hole (4), the new shock-absorbing element (3) being better adapted to the gait / stride of the user. Method for adapting a sports shoe (3) according to the preceding claim in which the data relating to the user's gait / stride includes at least one of the following data: the user's weight, the determination of a pronated, supinated or neutral stride. Method for adapting a sports shoe (3) according to any one of claims 9 to 12 wherein the new shock-absorbing element (3) is formed by 3D printing in the form of a deformable lattice and wherein the characteristics of the deformable lattice are defined by means of data relating to the user's gait / stride. A method for manufacturing a shoe comprising the following steps: - providing a shock-absorbing element (3) or a block representative of the shock-absorbing element (3); - installing the shock-absorbing element (3) in a mold intended to form a midsole body (1); - forming the midsole body (1) of polymer material around the shock-absorbing element (3), the body (2) having a top face and a bottom face, the shock-absorbing element (3) passing through the body (2) and extending from the top face to the bottom face, the shock-absorbing element (3) having a variable cross-section between the bottom face and the top face, the cross-section being measured along a cutting plane parallel to the top face, the shock-absorbing element (3) having, over at least a first part of the thickness of the body (2), an increase in the cross-section value in a direction perpendicular to the cutting plane and directed from the bottom face to the top face.the shock-absorbing element (3) having an upper face flush with an upper face of the body (2) to absorb the shocks of walking or running towards the metatarsals or the heel, the thickness being measured along said direction perpendicular to the cutting plane; - permanently fixing an outsole to the lower face of the midsole (1) and fixing a screw to the upper face of the midsole.

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