Power supply system, method for constructing a power supply system and use of the power supply system

Abstract

The invention relates to a power supply system comprising a modular combination of a hydrogen generation unit, a hydrogen usage unit, and a control or regulation unit for controlling or regulating the operation of the hydrogen generation unit and the hydrogen usage unit.

Description

[0001] Energy supply system, method for constructing an energy supply system and use of the energy supply system"

[0002] The invention relates to an energy supply system, a method for constructing a modular energy supply system, a method for operating and a use of the energy supply system and its elements.

[0003] In recent decades, the share of renewable energies in the global energy balance has steadily increased. A key technical challenge associated with the increasing use of renewable energies lies in the synchronization of production and demand, and thus in the efficiency of storage, transport, and distribution. One well-known option for storing generated energy is converting it into hydrogen. This is becoming increasingly important where primary energy sources are subject to temporal fluctuations, such as solar and wind power. At the same time, alternatives to natural gas and other fuels are becoming increasingly important, so hydrogen is also gaining increasing importance here.

[0004] The present patent application is based on the technical problem of optimizing the use of secondary energy sources and, in particular, providing a more efficient energy supply system than the prior art, a method for constructing and operating this energy supply system, and uses of the energy supply system and its elements. The energy supply system, the methods, and the uses are particularly advantageous in connection with the use of renewable energies as a primary source.

[0005] The technical problem is solved with an energy supply system comprising a modular combination of a hydrogen generation unit, a hydrogen utilization unit and a control or regulating unit for controlling or regulating the operation of the hydrogen generation unit and the hydrogen utilization unit.

[0006] The basic idea of ​​the invention is to create a modular and universally applicable energy supply system for secondary energy storage and / or use, which in particular allows adaptations to the needs of specific sectors, industries or other specific requirements, can be designed for an integrated structure and is then controlled or regulated accordingly.

[0007] The combination in the sense of the invention means that the combined units are connected to each other, e.g. via mass transfer lines for the supply or removal of fluids or solids, wired or wireless data connections for the exchange of information and / or

[0008] Power transmission lines for the transmission of electrical and / or thermal energy.

[0009] The system is modular in structure. The units, subunits, or additional components of the system are referred to as modules.

[0010] Where the singular is used in the application in connection with the hydrogen production unit or the hydrogen usage unit, this is to be understood as a designation of the genus, unless a different interpretation necessarily arises. Thus, where reference is made to "one unit," the system can also have two or more hydrogen production units or two or more hydrogen usage units.

[0011] The hydrogen generation unit preferably comprises an electrolysis device that splits water into hydrogen and oxygen using electrical current, preferably from a renewable energy source. The electrolysis device can operate using different principles, e.g., using ion exchange membranes, such as anion exchange membranes (AEMs), or proton exchange membranes (PEMs).

[0012] The electrolysis device comprises at least one electrolyzer, but preferably a plurality of them, e.g., at least 10, preferably at least 50, more preferably at least 100, or at least 200 individual, independently functional electrolyzers. For example, the AEM Multicore® electrolyzer system from Enapter® can be used. Different electrolyzers operating on different principles can also be used in parallel.

[0013] An alternative or additional component of the hydrogen generation unit can be a plasmalysis device, which uses electrical current, preferably from a renewable energy source, to generate a plasma that produces, among other things, hydrogen from water, particularly wastewater or water containing various waste products. Additional products that may be produced in this process, such as methane, CO2, or N2, can be used for other purposes.

[0014] The system according to the invention can also be designed so that the hydrogen generation unit can be operated independently of a power source. For this purpose, a pyrolysis device can be provided as an alternative variant of the hydrogen generation unit. Solid carbon can be obtained as an additional product. The required process heat is preferably generated from renewable energies.

[0015] Another alternative or additional component of the hydrogen production unit can be a reforming device, which generates hydrogen using heat from a fossil fuel, particularly methane, and with the addition of water. CO2 can be recovered as a further product, which can be used for other purposes. The required process heat is preferably generated from renewable energy sources.

[0016] The hydrogen generation unit can be operated with a single type of the aforementioned devices, i.e. either with at least one electrolysis device or at least one plasmalysis device or at least one pyrolysis device or at least one reforming device. However, different types of the aforementioned devices can also be used in combination in the hydrogen generation unit, so that a hydrogen generation unit, for example, comprises both at least one electrolysis unit and at least one plasmalysis device. The plant can thus use various starting materials as a hydrogen source, e.g. purified water for the electrolysis device(s), wastewater for the plasmalysis device(s), methane for the pyrolysis device(s), and methane and water for the reforming device(s).By means of the control or regulating unit, the distribution of different starting materials to the appropriate hydrogen production units can be controlled or regulated, for example depending on the available quantities of the starting materials, the availability of the respective hydrogen production units and / or the demand of hydrogen usage units.

[0017] The hydrogen generation unit can be provided as a locally connected unit. However, it is also possible for the hydrogen generation unit to be composed of at least two hydrogen generation subunits that are spatially spaced from each other, wherein each of the hydrogen generation subunits can comprise a specific type of the aforementioned devices alone or a combination thereof.

[0018] The energy supply system according to the invention can have a feedstock storage unit for each feedstock, such as water, wastewater, or methane, e.g., in the form of one or more tanks. In the system according to the invention, the feedstock storage unit is connected or connectable to the hydrogen generation unit for supplying the feedstock. The control or regulating unit can automatically control or regulate the supply and discharge, e.g., via controllable or regulatable valves.

[0019] The energy supply system according to the invention can be designed such that a hydrogen storage device is provided as the hydrogen utilization unit. The hydrogen storage device is preferably a gas storage device, preferably a low-pressure storage device with a maximum stored hydrogen pressure of preferably 60 bar, more preferably 50 bar. Storage in a high-pressure gas storage device is also conceivable. The hydrogen can also be liquefied and subsequently stored in liquid form.

[0020] The hydrogen storage can also be a solid-state storage device, e.g., a metal hydride storage device, an adsorptive storage device, and / or a chemical storage device utilizing a chemical bond between the hydrogen and a carrier material. Such a carrier material can be, for example, magnesium or a magnesium compound, magnesia (magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, or manganese dioxide), CO2 for the formation of formic acid, or a liquid organic carrier (LOHC).

[0021] The hydrogen storage unit can be limited to one of the aforementioned variants. The variants described above and also further variants for a hydrogen storage unit not listed here can also be used in combination with one another, so that a hydrogen usage unit, for example, comprises at least two different hydrogen storage variants. By means of the control or regulating unit, the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen generation unit can be supplied to different hydrogen storage units as required. The hydrogen storage unit or at least one of the hydrogen storage units can be part of a dispensing device for hydrogen, for example as a component of a filling station where vehicles can be refueled. The dispensing device can also be part of an industrial plant or a residential or office complex or other property, or it can be connected to other consumption units, for example a combined heat and power plant.

[0022] According to the invention, the energy supply system can have a hydrogen utilization unit as a H2 delivery interface, e.g. a connection for a pipeline or for a hydrogen distribution point.

[0023] The hydrogen utilization unit can also be an energy generation device for generating thermal and / or electrical energy. The energy generation device preferably comprises at least one fuel cell. The fuel cell has a connection for receiving the generated electrical energy. Possible consumers for the electrical energy can be, for example, electrical loads or one or more batteries, but also the energy supply system or parts thereof.

[0024] Preferably, a plurality of fuel cells is used, which are preferably supplied with hydrogen in parallel and can be electrically connected in parallel or in series. The control or regulating unit can be used to control or regulate the amount of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell per unit of time. With a plurality of fuel cells, the type of electrical connection of the fuel cells can also be regulated or controlled, i.e., whether a certain number of fuel cells are connected in parallel or in series, e.g., depending on the required electrical voltage or current.

[0025] Preferably, the heat generated during operation of the fuel cell(s) is used, e.g. by dissipating the heat via suitable solid or fluid heat conductors, preferably also via one or more heat exchangers, and using or storing it.

[0026] The energy supply system according to the invention can, in particular, also be designed such that the hydrogen utilization unit is a combined heat and power plant. In the combined heat and power plant, the hydrogen is used to drive electricity generation, e.g., as fuel for an internal combustion engine, while simultaneously utilizing the resulting heat, e.g., for heating purposes or for hot water production.

[0027] The hydrogen utilization unit can also be a power machine that performs mechanical work by converting a form of hydrogen energy, e.g., thermal, pneumatic, or chemical energy, into kinetic energy, e.g., as a combustion engine. Here, too, excess heat can be utilized, e.g., dissipated and used, or stored.

[0028] According to the invention, the energy supply system can also be designed such that several hydrogen utilization units can be provided in parallel or in series. For example, a hydrogen storage unit for supplying hydrogen can be connected to the hydrogen generation unit and itself serve as a supplier for an energy generation device, i.e., can be interposed.

[0029] Furthermore, other functional units can be part of the energy supply system, e.g. a dryer unit for drying the hydrogen produced before it is used for purposes such as storage or chemical recycling.

[0030] If the hydrogen generation unit is also operated with electrical energy, particularly from renewable energy sources, it may be advantageous to connect a buffer storage unit, preferably a chargeable battery, upstream of the hydrogen generation unit. This allows for power fluctuations on the part of the energy source, e.g., a photovoltaic system or a wind turbine, to be compensated. The buffer storage unit is preferably configured for communication with the control or regulation unit. The buffer storage unit or battery can be supplied from the hydrogen utilization unit as needed.

[0031] The energy supply system according to the invention can also be designed such that at least one unit for uninterruptible power supply (UPS unit) is provided. A temporary power outage can thus be bridged. In the event of a power outage lasting longer than a defined period, the UPS unit can ensure a controlled shutdown of the system by the control or regulating unit. A UPS unit can also be provided at an interface between the system according to the invention and a consumer of a power supply provided by the system, for example, a property. In this case, the UPS unit protects the consumer.

[0032] Components of the energy supply system that generate heat during operation, such as the hydrogen production unit(s), e.g., electrolysis unit(s), or the hydrogen utilization unit(s), such as the fuel cell(s), can serve as heat source(s) for other components of the system, e.g., an adsorption chiller. The latter can be used, for example, for air conditioning in building complexes. The heat can also be stored in heat storage systems, e.g., liquid or solid storage systems, for later use. A heat storage system can also be integrated into the energy supply system as a module. The system is preferably operated adiabatically, either in whole or in part.

[0033] The energy supply system according to the invention can also be supplied with energy, for example, electricity or heat, from outside. However, it can be advantageous if the energy supply system according to the invention has its own secondary energy source as a modular component, which supplies the generated secondary energy directly or indirectly to the hydrogen generation unit. The secondary energy source is preferably a power generator, for example, a photovoltaic system, a wind turbine, or a hydroelectric power plant. Thus, the energy supply system according to the invention can be designed for self-sufficient operation, i.e., independent of the supply of secondary energy generated outside the energy supply system.

[0034] The control or regulation unit can be configured to shut down the system in a controlled manner when specified conditions are met, e.g., if the public grid fails and a shutdown is required, e.g., according to VDE 4105-AR 2018. For the controlled shutdown, the control and regulation unit can be configured to ensure an emergency supply to consumers for at least a specified period of time, and to provide priorities in energy management for system components based on demand.

[0035] Furthermore, the control or regulating unit can be configured to allow changes to the energy supply system, particularly expansions or reductions, whereby the control or regulating unit can also be used to control or regulate a module integrated into the system for expansion or put into operation. In the event of a reduction in size by removing or deactivating a module, the control or regulating system for the remaining modules remains uninterrupted or is adjusted as needed. Expansions can be provided, for example, by additional hydrogen generation units, such as electrolysis devices, or additional hydrogen utilization units, such as hydrogen storage units or fuel cells. In this way, the entire energy supply system is scalable.Particularly preferred is the use of a plurality of small hydrogen storage units, which can be advantageous for scalability and filling speed. The individual hydrogen storage unit can have a capacity of less than 6T, preferably less than 3T.

[0036] All modules or a subset of the modules of the energy supply system can preferably be spatially combined in a modular unit, more preferably with an enclosure. The modular unit can be designed to be transportable. The modular unit and / or the modules preferably have standard dimensions, for example, the dimensions of freight containers, so that delivery or relocation of an energy supply system, preferably pre-assembled in the modular unit, is possible. Standardization of the modules and / or the modular unit facilitates adaptation, in particular expansion of the energy supply system, to local conditions or changes in the requirements of the energy supply system.

[0037] With regard to the method, the technical problem is solved by the features of claim 23. The control or regulating unit controls or regulates the hydrogen production unit and the hydrogen utilization unit in a coordinated manner using predetermined parameters. Preferably, the control and regulating unit also takes into account parameters of other units or boundary conditions, e.g., data from the secondary energy source, the degree of availability of starting materials for hydrogen production, and / or the demand of consumers connected to the energy supply system.

[0038] The control or regulating unit is preferably designed to be open for system expansion using additional modules. The system can thus be constructed in a modular manner and its capacity and / or applications and uses can be expanded or reduced as required. An expansion can be achieved, for example, by adding a new module or (re)commissioning or activating an already connected module, e.g., an additional secondary source and / or an additional hydrogen generation unit, such as a fuel cell and / or a plasma lyser, and / or an additional hydrogen utilization unit, such as a hydrogen storage unit, a fuel cell and / or a combined heat and power plant, or a dryer unit, a UPS unit, an adsorption chiller, or any other additional modules.Conversely, a reduction means removing a module from the power supply system or deactivating a module that physically remains in the power supply system.

[0039] It can be provided that if the energy supply system is expanded by adding or activating a module, this module is integrated into the coordinated control or regulation system, and / or if a module is removed or deactivated from operation, the coordinated control or regulation system of the remaining active modules is automatically adjusted. For example, if a hydrogen storage unit has to be removed from the energy supply system, e.g., for maintenance or repair purposes, the activity of the hydrogen production unit(s) can be automatically reduced and / or the consumption of another hydrogen usage unit can be increased in response to the reduced overall storage capacity.The technical problem is also solved by a method according to claim 25, according to which the following steps are provided for constructing a modular energy supply system: a) determining a possible primary energy source and an energy requirement and / or a power requirement, b) selecting a secondary energy source suitable for the determined primary energy source and for the energy or power requirement, c) assembling and configuring a hydrogen generation unit and a hydrogen utilization unit, and d) providing and setting up a control or regulating unit for the coordinated control or regulating of the hydrogen generation unit and the hydrogen utilization unit.

[0040] In this way, for example, an energy supply system according to the invention as described above can be designed with comprehensive consideration of the requirements and parameters.

[0041] Renewable resources such as sun, wind, water and tides, geothermal energy or biomass are preferred as primary energy sources.

[0042] Secondary energy sources are understood to mean devices and measures that convert the energy extracted from primary energy sources into technically usable forms of energy, in particular electricity or heat, preferably photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, hydroelectric and tidal power plants, geothermal systems or systems for the use of biomass.

[0043] The method according to the invention for constructing a modular energy supply system can also be implemented by integrating additional modules into the energy supply system, thereby including integration into the control or regulation of the control or regulation unit. Examples of modules include an additional hydrogen generation unit, an additional hydrogen utilization unit, a dryer unit for the generated hydrogen, and / or a feedstock storage unit for a feedstock for hydrogen production, for example, wastewater, rainwater, and / or drinking water.

[0044] One use of the energy supply system according to the invention is the creation of a local energy supply or the support of a local energy supply. The energy supply can be, for example, the supply of electrical energy, thermal energy, and / or hydrogen as a fuel. Preferably, this is a self-sufficient energy supply, i.e., one independent of external suppliers.

[0045] The use according to the invention can advantageously be the formation of a backup power system or an emergency power generator, with which the security of supply can be guaranteed in the event of a temporary failure by an external energy supplier.

[0046] The use of the system according to the invention for peak load shedding, also known as peak shaving, is particularly preferred. With peak load shedding, a consumer quickly and briefly reduces its power consumption to avoid causing unwanted peak loads. To implement such load shedding without throttling consumption, which would be associated with undesirable restrictions, the system according to the invention can be connected to the external energy supply, e.g., by using a hydrogen utilization unit and / or a battery module present in the system.

[0047] The use according to the invention preferably relates to the energy supply of a property. Integration of the system according to the invention into the building management system can also be advantageous. Furthermore, the use according to the invention can advantageously relate to the energy supply of a charging station for battery-operated units, e.g., vehicles.

[0048] Preferably, the use according to the invention can also provide for at least a portion of the electricity generated by the system to be fed into the public grid. This can result in reimbursement and contribute to the stability of the public grid.

[0049] Another inventive use of the system for storing and utilizing secondary energy is wastewater utilization. The wastewater can be used as a feedstock for the hydrogen generation unit, e.g., after treatment for electrolysis or without or with lesser treatment for plasmalysis.

[0050] In the following, exemplary embodiments of the energy supply system according to the invention, the method for constructing an energy supply system, as well as the operation of an energy supply system and uses are illustrated with reference to figures.

[0051] Fig. 1 : schematically a first modular energy supply system 1 and

[0052] Fig. 2: schematically a compact modular unit consisting of modules of a second energy supply system with a further module of a refrigeration machine connected to it.

[0053] Fig. 1 schematically shows a first modular energy supply system 1 with a hydrogen generation unit 2 as a first module, a first hydrogen utilization unit 3 as a second module, and a control or regulating unit 4 as a third module, which is wirelessly connected (symbolized by antenna symbol 5) to the hydrogen generation unit 2 and the hydrogen utilization unit 3. Alternatively, a wired connection is also possible.

[0054] Electrolysis is the preferred process for the hydrogen generation unit 2. Alternative processes, such as plasmalysis or pyrolysis, or combinations of different processes are also conceivable. Different processes can be used in the same energy supply system. In the case of electrolysis, a large number of electrolyzers (not shown here) can be used, which can achieve a high throughput, but also allow for flexible responses to fluctuations in demand, for example, and the number of electrolyzers currently in use to be reduced or increased using the control unit 4.

[0055] For the hydrogen utilization unit 3, which can be supplied with hydrogen from the hydrogen generation unit 4 via a hydrogen line 6, fuel cell technology is preferably used to generate electrical power, preferably in a plurality of individual fuel cells (not shown here). The number of fuel cells required during operation can vary and can be determined via the control or regulating unit 4, for example, depending on the amount of available hydrogen or the demand of one or more consumers.

[0056] The hydrogen generation unit 2 is supplied with the energy required for hydrogen production, for example, electrical current, from a secondary energy source 7, which is preferably a photovoltaic system, a wind turbine, and / or another system using renewable primary energy, via a first energy supply line 8. The secondary energy source 7 can be a module of the energy supply system 1 or can be arranged externally, e.g., in the public grid. The energy supply system 1 can alternatively or additionally be supplied from secondary energy sources using non-renewable primary energy.

[0057] The feedstock required for hydrogen production, e.g., water, drinking water, rainwater, or wastewater, is fed, possibly after treatment, via a feedstock supply line 9 from a feedstock source 10, e.g., designed as a storage device, to the hydrogen production unit 2. Preferably, the feedstock source 10 is also a module of the energy supply system 1.

[0058] Preferably, a buffer storage unit 11 can be provided as a further optional module for the energy supplied by the secondary energy source 7, so that fluctuations in the energy supply to the hydrogen generation unit 2 or in the demand of the hydrogen generation unit 2 can be compensated. The buffer storage unit 11 is connected to the hydrogen generation unit 2 via a second energy supply line 12. If the energy to be supplied is electrical current, the buffer storage unit 11 can be a battery storage unit. The buffer storage unit 11 can also be connected to the fuel cell and fed by it.

[0059] Preferably, a hydrogen storage unit 13 is used as the second hydrogen utilization unit, which is supplied with hydrogen from the hydrogen generation unit 2 via an H2 storage inlet line 14. Via an H2 storage outlet line 15, the hydrogen storage unit 13 supplies the first hydrogen utilization unit 3 with hydrogen as needed. The supply of the first hydrogen utilization unit 3 via the hydrogen storage unit 13 and / or directly from the hydrogen generation unit 2 is controlled or regulated by the control or regulating unit 4, preferably depending on the demand of the first hydrogen utilization unit 3 and the capacity utilization of the hydrogen generation unit 2.

[0060] The energy supply system 1 can supply a single consumer or a plurality of different types of consumers. Symbolically shown in Fig. 1 is an electrical consumer 16, which is supplied with electrical power from the first hydrogen utilization unit 3 via a first power line 17. If necessary, the electrical consumer 16 can alternatively or additionally be supplied directly from the buffer storage 11 via a second power line 18.

[0061] Preferably, heat generated during operation of the hydrogen generation unit 2 and / or the first hydrogen utilization unit 3 is supplied to a heat consumer 20 via heat lines 19, preferably via a fluid heat transfer medium. Preferably, the waste heat can be supplied alternatively or additionally to a refrigeration machine 21, for example an adsorption refrigeration machine. Further modules not shown in the figures can be used, such as a dryer unit for drying the generated hydrogen before storage or prior to other use, in particular in a fuel cell. A combined heat and power plant can be used instead of fuel cells or in addition thereto.

[0062] To construct the energy supply unit 1, the availability of a primary energy source, such as solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal energy, and / or biomass, is first checked, and the energy demand to be generated by the energy supply system is determined. For this purpose, a suitable secondary energy source, or optionally at least two secondary energy sources, of which different types can be used within the same energy supply system, are identified. The modules are selected and configured based on this, and the control and regulation unit is suitably configured so that the modules are controlled and regulated in a coordinated manner during operation.

[0063] The modules can advantageously be pre-assembled and assembled at the manufacturer's site, and preferably already arranged in module housings, fixed to each other. Ideally, the power supply unit can be delivered prefabricated as a whole or assembled at the delivery site like a modular system. A device for explosion protection can be provided.

[0064] Fig. 2 schematically shows a modular assembly 22 comprising central modules of a second exemplary energy supply system. The functional units of the modules themselves are not visible, but rather several module housings assembled to form the modular assembly, in which the functional units are arranged. A first module housing 23 houses an electrolysis unit (not visible here), and a second module housing 24 houses an energy generation unit with fuel cells (also not visible).

[0065] A third module housing 25 preferably has means for transferring the hydrogen generated by the electrolysis unit to the fuel cells located in the second module housing 24. A hydrogen storage unit (not visible here) is preferably arranged in the third module housing 25.

[0066] A fourth module housing 26 preferably relates to the power supply for the electrolysis unit and preferably has a buffer storage device (not visible here), e.g., in the form of a battery storage device. However, the fourth module housing can also have other equipment without a buffer storage device, e.g., means for a power connection for the electrolysis unit. Advantageously, a control or regulating unit (not shown in Fig. 2) is also arranged in the module assembly 22, e.g., in the fourth module housing 26. Each of the module housings 23 to 26 can have several modules of the second energy supply system.

[0067] Connections for the supply of energy, in particular electrical power, and / or raw materials, in particular water, can be provided or installed in the modular unit, preferably in a standardized design and arrangement.

[0068] Fig. 2 shows a fifth module housing 27, which encloses a refrigeration unit (not visible here), preferably an adsorption refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit is supplied with waste heat from both the fuel cells located in the second module housing 24 and the electrolysis unit located in the first module housing 23 via heat lines 28.

[0069] The module unit can also be implemented by a single housing that encloses all or a portion of the modules.

[0070] The modular unit and / or the modular housings preferably have standard dimensions, such as the dimensions of freight containers. This facilitates transport, assembly of the entire energy supply system, and its expansion with additional modules or modular units.

[0071] List of reference symbols

[0072] 1 Energy supply system

[0073] 2 hydrogen production unit

[0074] 3 first hydrogen usage unit

[0075] 4 Control or regulating unit

[0076] 5 Antenna

[0077] 6 Hydrogen line

[0078] 7 Secondary energy source

[0079] 8 First power supply line

[0080] 9 Feedstock supply line

[0081] 10 Source of raw materials

[0082] 11 buffer storage

[0083] 12 second power supply line

[0084] 13 hydrogen storage

[0085] 14 H2 storage inlet line

[0086] 15 H2 storage outlet line

[0087] 16 Electrical consumer

[0088] 17 first power line

[0089] 18 second power line

[0090] 19 Heat conduction

[0091] 20 heat consumers

[0092] 21 Refrigeration machine

[0093] 22 modular unit

[0094] 23 first module housing

[0095] 24 second module housing

[0096] 25 third module housing

[0097] 26 fourth module housing

[0098] 27 fifth module housing

[0099] 28 Heat conduction

Claims

Patent claims / Protection claims: Energy supply system comprising a modular combination of a) a hydrogen production unit, b) a hydrogen consumption unit, and c) a control or regulation unit for controlling or regulating the operation of the hydrogen production unit and the hydrogen consumption unit. Energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrogen production unit comprises an electrolysis device. Energy supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that the electrolysis device comprises at least one electrolyzer, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 50, more preferably at least 100 electrolyzers. Energy supply system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrogen production unit comprises at least one plasma lysis device, at least one pyrolysis device, and / or at least one reforming device.An energy supply system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one feedstock storage, preferably in the form of one or more tanks, for one of the feedstocks to be supplied to the hydrogen production unit, in particular water, wastewater, or methane. An energy supply system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a hydrogen storage unit is provided as the hydrogen utilization unit. An energy supply system according to claim 6, characterized in that the hydrogen utilization unit comprises at least one gas storage unit, preferably at least one low-pressure storage unit, at least one liquefied gas storage unit, at least one solid storage unit, preferably a metal hydride storage unit, at least one adsorptive storage unit, and / or. comprising at least one chemical storage device. Energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a hydrogen delivery interface is provided as the hydrogen utilization unit, in particular a connection for a pipeline or for a hydrogen distribution point. Energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an energy generation device for generating thermal and / or electrical energy is provided as the hydrogen utilization unit. Energy supply system according to claim 9, characterized in that the energy generation device comprises at least one fuel cell and / or at least one combined heat and power plant. Energy supply system according to claim 10, characterized in that the energy generation device comprises at least two fuel cells, the fuel cells preferably being connected in parallel to a hydrogen supply.Energy supply system according to claim 11, characterized in that the fuel cells can be electrically connected in parallel or in series by means of the control unit. Energy supply system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrogen utilization unit comprises a mechanical work-performing power machine. Energy supply system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the combination, several hydrogen utilization units are connected in parallel and / or in series to the hydrogen generation unit. An energy supply system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a dryer unit for drying the produced hydrogen. An energy supply system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by an electrical buffer storage device upstream of the hydrogen production unit, preferably a rechargeable battery, preferably supplied by the fuel cell. An energy supply system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one unit for the uninterruptible power supply of the energy supply system is provided. An energy supply system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that heat-generating modules of the energy supply system, in particular the hydrogen production unit and / or the hydrogen utilization unit, serve as heat sources for other components.An energy supply system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a cooling unit, in particular an adsorption chiller. An energy supply system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a secondary energy source, wherein the energy supply system is configured to supply the secondary energy generated by the secondary energy source directly or indirectly to the hydrogen generation unit. An energy supply system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit is configured to shut down the energy supply system in a controlled manner when predefined conditions are met. Energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control or regulating unit is installed or installable, - to incorporate a module added to the operation of the energy supply system into the coordinated control or regulation and / or - when a module is removed from operation of the energy supply system, the regulation or control of the remaining active modules is automatically adjusted. Energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a water treatment unit. Method for operating an energy supply system according to one of claims 1 to 23, in which the control or regulating unit, with predetermined parameters, controls or regulates the hydrogen production unit and the hydrogen consumption unit in a coordinated manner. Method according to claim 24, characterized in that, when - Inclusion of a module in the operation of the energy supply system; this module is integrated into the coordinated control or regulation and / or - when a module is removed from operation, the coordinated control or regulation of the remaining active modules is automatically adjusted. A method for constructing a modular energy supply system, comprising the following steps: a) Determining a possible primary energy source as well as an energy demand and / or a power demand, b) Selecting a secondary energy source suitable for the determined primary energy source and for the energy or power demand, c) Assembling and configuring a hydrogen production unit and a hydrogen consumption unit, and d) Providing and setting up a control or regulation unit for the coordinated control or regulation of the hydrogen production unit and the hydrogen utilization unit. Method according to claim 26, characterized by the integration of further modules, in particular - a dryer unit for the produced hydrogen, - a feedstock storage facility for a feedstock for hydrogen production, - one of the electrical buffer storage units upstream of the hydrogen production unit, - a generator for uninterruptible power supply, and / or - a cooling unit, in particular an adsorption chiller, into the energy supply system, including integration into the control or regulation of the control or regulation unit. Use of the energy supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 23 for the establishment of a local energy supply or for supporting a local energy supply. Use according to claim 28 for the establishment of a self-sufficient energy supply. Use according to claim 28 for the establishment of an emergency power system or a backup generator. Use according to any one of claims 28 to 30 for peak shaving. Use according to any one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that the energy supply of a property is established or supported. Use according to any one of claims 28 to 32, characterized in that the energy supply of a charging point for battery-powered units, e.g., vehicles, is established or supported.Use according to one of claims 28 to 33, characterized in that at least a proportion of the generated electricity is fed into the public electricity grid and / or. At least a portion of the produced hydrogen is fed into a public hydrogen supply. Use of the energy supply system according to one of claims 1 to 23 for wastewater utilization.

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