Method and system for selecting equipment combinations in hydrogen energy full chain

Abstract

Provided are a method, a system, a storage medium, and an electronic device for selecting a combination of equipment in an elementary energy full chain that realizes the conversion and interaction of various types of energy and improves the flexibility of the energy system. [Solution] The method obtains basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, classifies the basic technical and economic index parameters based on the performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, performs a comparative analysis of each type of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification, and based on the results of the comparative analysis, comprehensively considers the performance difference indexes and operating characteristics of the equipment, establishes constraints for the classification indexes corresponding to each equipment, determines one of the classification indexes as part of the target function, finds the optimal results under different renewable energy penetration rates, and obtains a rule for selecting equipment combinations in the hydrogen energy full chain in a high-proportion renewable energy system.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy full chain, specifically to a method and system for selecting equipment combination in a hydrogen energy full chain, and more particularly to a method and system for selecting equipment combination in a hydrogen energy full chain for a high-ratio renewable energy system. [Background technology]

[0002] The statements in this section are merely intended to provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] The large-scale introduction of renewable energy is conducive to the low-carbon development of the energy system, but its variability and randomness pose a huge challenge to the safe and economical operation of the energy system. Lack of flexibility is currently the main challenge facing high-renewable energy systems, which can lead to insufficient consumption and acceptance capacity of the energy system for renewable energy, and the phenomenon of underutilization of wind and solar power generation. The hydrogen energy full chain takes hydrogen energy as the main carrier and includes all processes of its production, compression, storage, transportation and application, which can promote the transfer of different energy flows across time and space, realize the conversion and interaction of various energies, and improve the flexibility of the energy system.

[0004] The hydrogen energy full chain includes various hydrogen energy equipment, and each equipment has multiple technology types, for example, there are three typical electrolyzer equipment types: alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC), proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMEC), and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), so there are multiple options for equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain in a high-renewable energy system. Equipment with different technology types has different performance advantages, and the combination of different types of equipment can achieve mutual complementation of advantages, which helps improve the overall performance of the high-renewable energy system and achieve both economy, flexibility, and high efficiency.

[0005] At present, there has been research into the combination selection of multiple types of electrolyzers, but there has been no research that simultaneously considers the combination selection of various types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain.In addition, in order to simplify the calculation, the hydrogen energy equipment models considered in most studies ignore flexibility constraints and cannot comprehensively simulate the performance differences of equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method and system for selecting equipment combinations in a hydrogen energy full chain, making full use of the complementary advantages between hydrogen energy equipment of different technological types, and realizing efficient, flexible and economical energy utilization in a high-renewable energy system.

[0007] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0008] Obtaining basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and classifying the basic technical and economic index parameters according to performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain; A step of comparatively analyzing the types of each equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification; Based on the result of the comparison analysis, comprehensively consider the performance difference indexes and operation characteristics of the equipment, and establish constraints of classification indexes corresponding to each equipment; determining one of the classification indexes as part of the objective function, determining the remaining classification indexes as constraints, setting different renewable energy penetration rates, solving the optimal results under different renewable energy penetration rates, and obtaining equipment combination selection rules in the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-renewable energy system; and determining an equipment combination selection plan in the hydrogen energy full chain for a target high ratio renewable energy system based on the equipment combination selection rules in the hydrogen energy full chain.

[0009] As an optional embodiment, a specific process of classifying the basic techno-economic index parameters includes dividing the basic techno-economic parameters into three indexes: economy, flexibility and efficiency, where the economy indexes include investment cost, fixed operation and maintenance cost, start-up and shutdown cost and service life, the flexibility indexes include load operating range, ramp rate and start-up and shutdown time, and the efficiency indexes include thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency and hydrogen absorption and desorption efficiency.

[0010] As an optional embodiment, the process of comparatively analyzing each facility in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification includes: To compare the parameter indicators of various electrolytic cells; Contrasting parameter indicators of various fuel cells; To compare parameter indicators of hydrogen turbines of various single unit capacities; and comparing parameter indices of various hydrogen storage facilities.

[0011] In an alternative embodiment, the comparative analysis results in: alkaline electrolysers being the most economical and having intermediate efficiency and flexibility; proton exchange membrane electrolysers being the most flexible and having the least efficiency; and solid oxide electrolysers being the most efficient and having the least economical and flexibility; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells offer the best economy and flexibility, solid oxide fuel cells offer the best efficiency, and phosphoric acid fuel cells and carbonate fuel cells are not favorable in terms of flexibility, efficiency, or economy; The efficiency of the hydrogen turbines of each single unit capacity is consistent, with the small units having the highest flexibility and the lowest economy, the medium units having intermediate levels of both flexibility and economy, and the large units having the highest economy and the lowest flexibility; The rock salt caverns have the highest economics, and the difference in other classification indicators for hydrogen storage in rock salt caverns is below threshold or negligible.

[0012] As an alternative embodiment, the specific process of establishing constraints on classification indices corresponding to each facility is as follows: Establishing equipment economics index constraints including the total cost of electrolyzers, hydrogen turbines, fuel cells, hydrogen storage equipment and compressors, and taking into account the total equipment capacity limit or hydrogen cap of the corresponding equipment in the high renewable energy system in the calculation; Developing equipment flexibility index constraints including limits on power, online capacity, start-up capacity and stop capacity of each equipment in the high-renewable energy system, as well as constraints on maximum start-up / stop ramp rates and minimum start-up / stop times; and establishing equipment efficiency index constraints including constraints on the power, heat generation power, and hydrogen absorption / desorption efficiency of each piece of equipment.

[0013] As an alternative embodiment, the objective function includes an equipment economics index and a cost of other energy equipment in the high-renewable energy system; The constraints include equipment flexibility index constraints, equipment efficiency index constraints, system balance and reservation constraints, other energy equipment constraints, and renewable energy penetration rate constraints; The renewable energy penetration rate constraint includes a slack variable created for an energy storage facility of the high renewable energy system; The other energy facilities include thermal power generation units, wind turbines, solar power generation devices, energy storage facilities, electric boilers, heat storage tanks, and power transmission lines; Using GUROBI, we solve the optimal combination selection result of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain when the objective function is minimized.

[0014] As an optional embodiment, the rules for selecting a combination of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain are as follows: for the hydrogen storage equipment and the hydrogen turbine, priority is given to selecting those with the optimal cost; for the electrolyzer, priority is given to selecting a solid oxide electrolyzer with the optimal efficiency when the surplus renewable energy power generation of the system is less than a set value and the equipment demand for the electrolyzer is less than a predetermined value; for the electrolyzer, priority is given to selecting an alkaline electrolyzer with the optimal economical efficiency when the surplus renewable energy power generation of the system exceeds a set value and the equipment demand for the electrolyzer exceeds the set amount; and for the fuel cell, priority is given to selecting a solid oxide fuel cell with the optimal efficiency or a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the optimal flexibility and economical efficiency according to energy supply needs.

[0015] an index parameter classification module configured to obtain basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and classify the basic technical and economic index parameters according to performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain; An equipment index module configured to compare and analyze the types of each equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification; a classification index constraint module configured to comprehensively consider the performance difference index and operation characteristics of the equipment based on the result of the comparison analysis, and establish constraints of the classification index corresponding to each equipment; a model building and solving module configured to determine one of the classification indexes as a part of the objective function, determine the remaining classification indexes as constraints, set different renewable energy penetration rates, solve optimal results at different renewable energy penetration rates, and obtain equipment combination selection rules in the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-renewable energy system; A selection determination module configured to determine a combination selection plan for equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain for a target high ratio renewable energy system based on the combination selection rule for equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain; This is a system for selecting the combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain.

[0016] A computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, complete the steps in the above method.

[0017] An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and computer instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the computer instructions, when executed by the processor, completing the steps in the method.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1) In this invention, with regard to the performance differences between different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, the basic economic and technological parameters are divided into three indicators: economy, flexibility, and efficiency. This classification makes it possible to intuitively compare and analyze the performance differences between hydrogen energy equipment from the three perspectives of economy, flexibility, and efficiency, and facilitates subsequent research into the selection of equipment combinations.

[0020] 2) The present invention puts forward an equipment combination selection model based on the performance difference indexes and operation characteristics of equipment, which can comprehensively simulate the differences between different technology types in terms of economy, flexibility, efficiency, etc., and realize the selection of equipment technology types and the simulation of combination operation.

[0021] 3) The present invention provides a method for selecting equipment combinations in a hydrogen energy full chain for a high-renewable energy system, which takes into account the constraints of renewable energy penetration rate, effectively obtains optimal equipment combination selection results in the hydrogen energy full chain under different renewable energy penetration rates, fully utilizes the complementary advantages of different technology types, and realizes efficient, flexible and economical use of energy in a high-renewable energy system.

[0022] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] The drawings in the specification which form a part of the present invention are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are intended to provide an understanding of the present invention and are not intended to unduly limit the present invention. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram comparing parameter indices of the electrolytic cell of the present embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram comparing parameter indexes of the fuel cell of the present embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram comparing parameter indexes of the hydrogen turbine of the present embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain for the high-ratio renewable energy system of this embodiment. [Diagram 5] 2 is a flowchart of the present embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0025] In the following the invention will be further explained with reference to the figures and examples.

[0026] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to further explain the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art.

[0027] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is merely for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. For example, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms used herein are intended to include the plural forms, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used herein, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, assemblies, and / or combinations thereof.

[0028] The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other where not inconsistent.

[0029] Example 1 The method for selecting the combination of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain for a high-renewable energy system is as shown in Figure 5. Obtaining basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and classifying the basic technical and economic index parameters according to performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain; A step of comparatively analyzing the types of each equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification; Based on the result of the comparison analysis, comprehensively consider the performance difference indexes and operation characteristics of the equipment, and establish constraints of classification indexes corresponding to each equipment; determining one of the classification indexes as part of the objective function, determining the remaining classification indexes as constraints, setting different renewable energy penetration rates, solving the optimal results under different renewable energy penetration rates, and obtaining equipment combination selection rules in the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-renewable energy system; and determining an equipment combination selection plan in the hydrogen energy full chain for a target high ratio renewable energy system based on the equipment combination selection rules in the hydrogen energy full chain.

[0030] Specific solutions will be described below.

[0031] First, to examine the performance differences between different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, the basic economic and technological parameters are divided into three indicators: economy, flexibility and efficiency, and typical technological types of electrolyzers, fuel cells, hydrogen turbines and hydrogen storage equipment are compared and analyzed.

[0032] The relevant equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain has a variety of basic technical and economic parameters, which reflect the performance advantages of different technology types. In this embodiment, the basic technical and economic parameters are divided into three indicators: economy, flexibility and efficiency, and based on this, a comparative analysis of the indicators of typical equipment technology types in the hydrogen energy full chain is carried out to facilitate the subsequent equipment combination selection research.

[0033] The basic technical and economic parameters of related equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain mainly include investment costs, fixed operation and maintenance costs, start-up and shutdown costs, electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, hydrogen absorption and desorption efficiency, load operating range, ramp rate, start-up and shutdown time and service life.

[0034] The investment cost represents the cost of newly constructing a unit capacity of hydrogen energy equipment, the fixed operation and maintenance cost represents the annual fixed operation and maintenance cost of a unit capacity of hydrogen energy equipment, the start-up and shutdown cost represents the cost incurred when a unit capacity of hydrogen energy equipment switches between operating and shutdown states, and the useful life represents the number of years that a newly constructed hydrogen energy equipment operates normally, for calculating the annual shared costs. Therefore, these four parameters are classified as economic efficiency indicators, of which the investment cost is the main economic efficiency indicator.

[0035] The meaning of electrical efficiency varies depending on the equipment. In the case of an electrolyzer, electrical efficiency means the efficiency of converting electrical energy into hydrogen energy, while in the case of a fuel cell and a hydrogen turbine, electrical efficiency means the efficiency of converting hydrogen energy into electrical energy, while in the case of a compressor, electrical efficiency means the electrical consumption rate during the hydrogen compression process. Similarly, in the case of an electrolyzer, thermal efficiency means the efficiency of utilizing the residual heat generated during the conversion of electrical energy into hydrogen energy, while in the case of a fuel cell and a hydrogen turbine, thermal efficiency means the efficiency of utilizing the residual heat generated during the conversion of hydrogen energy into electrical energy. Hydrogen absorption / release efficiency is the efficiency of storing and releasing hydrogen in a hydrogen storage equipment. Electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, and hydrogen absorption / release efficiency are classified as efficiency indicators, among which electrical efficiency is the main efficiency indicator.

[0036] The load operating range represents the upper and lower limits of the load when the hydrogen energy equipment is operating, the ramp rate represents the limit on the load change rate per hour of the hydrogen energy equipment, and the start-stop time represents the time for which the hydrogen energy equipment is at least maintained in an operating state and a stopped state. These three parameters are classified as flexibility indicators, of which the ramp rate is the main flexibility indicator.

[0037] Below, we compare the indicators of facilities in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the above classification.

[0038] Electrolyzers, fuel cells, hydrogen turbines and hydrogen storage equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain all have a variety of technological types, and the basic technical and economic parameters of different technological types of electrolyzers, fuel cells, hydrogen turbines and hydrogen storage equipment are summarized in Table 1. Based on the indicator classification, a comparative analysis of typical technological types of hydrogen energy equipment is carried out to intuitively embody the performance advantages of different technologies.

[0039] [Table 1]

[0040] Table 1 shows the unit investment costs of different equipment as follows: the unit of electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine and fuel cell is RMB / kW, and the unit of hydrogen storage equipment is RMB / kg.

[0041] First, the indicators of electrolyzers are compared. Electrolyzers can convert surplus renewable energy power generation into flexible hydrogen, and the residual heat generated in the process can be used for heat supply. Currently, typical electrolyzer technologies are AEC, PEMEC and SOEC. These three technologies use different electrolytes and have large performance differences. The indicators of their economics, flexibility and efficiency are compared as a radar chart in Figure 1. It can be intuitively seen that AEC has the highest economics and is intermediate in efficiency and flexibility, PEMEC has the highest flexibility but the lowest efficiency, and SOEC has the highest efficiency but the lowest economics and flexibility.

[0042] Next, a comparison of fuel cell parameter indices is performed.

[0043] Fuel cells can use hydrogen energy to generate heat and power, and currently, typical fuel cell technologies are proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Similar to electrolyzers, these four technologies use different electrolytes and have large performance differences. The comparison of their economical, flexible, and efficient indicators is shown in Figure 2 as a radar chart, and it can be intuitively seen that PEMFC has the highest economical and flexible properties, SOFC has the highest efficiency, and PAFC and MCFC have less noticeable flexibility and efficiency, and are less economical.

[0044] Next, a comparison of parameter indices for the hydrogen turbine will be performed.

[0045] Hydrogen turbines are another type of equipment that can realize cogeneration of heat and power using hydrogen energy, and are similar to gas turbines. They are divided into three types: small, medium, and large, based on the capacity of a single unit. Since the basic principle remains the same, the performance differences between these three types of hydrogen turbine units are mainly embodied in their economy and flexibility, and the comparison of their economy, flexibility, and efficiency indicators is shown in Figure 3 as a radar chart. It can be intuitively seen that the efficiency of these three types of hydrogen turbines is the same, the small unit has the highest flexibility but the lowest economy, the medium unit has both flexibility and economy at intermediate levels, and the large unit has the highest economy but the lowest flexibility.

[0046] Next, a comparison of parameter indices for the hydrogen storage equipment will be carried out.

[0047] Hydrogen storage equipment can store hydrogen produced by electrolysis when there is a surplus of renewable energy power generation, and release hydrogen when there is a shortage of energy supply, thereby realizing cogeneration of hydrogen turbines and fuel cells. There are two typical hydrogen storage equipment: salt caverns and hydrogen storage tanks. Both belong to gaseous hydrogen storage. The main difference is that hydrogen storage in salt caverns requires a small site area and low cost, but it relies on special geological structures such as salt caverns, and hydrogen storage tanks require high container costs and large site area. From Table 1, it can be seen that the two are similar in other performances, and the difference is mainly embodied in economics, with salt caverns having the highest economics. The hydrogen storage equipment and compressor work together to realize the storage and release of hydrogen, and the difference in the technology types of compressors has not yet been taken into account.

[0048] Next, based on the performance difference indexes and operating characteristics of the equipment, a hydrogen energy equipment model suitable for combination selection is established. The model can select technology types and simulate the combination operation of multiple technology types by comprehensively simulating the differences between different technology types in terms of economy, flexibility, efficiency, etc.

[0049] Here, the equipment economic efficiency index constraints include the following equations (1) to (5).

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[0050] However, N r N represents the total number of high-share renewable energy systems, and k represents a specific high-share renewable energy system. EC , N HT , N FC and N HS C represents the number of technology types of electrolyzers, hydrogen turbines, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage equipment, respectively, and i represents the technology type of a specific equipment. EC , C HT , C FC , C HS and C COP a represents the total cost of the electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage facility, and compressor, respectively.EC,i , a HT,i , a FC,i , a HS,i and a COP f represents the investment costs of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage facility, and associated compressor, respectively. EC,i , f HT,i , f FC,i , f HS,i and f COP represents the fixed operation and maintenance costs of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage facility, and associated compressor, respectively.

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[0051] The equipment flexibility index constraints include the following equations (6) to (14).

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[0052] where X represents a set of equipment (including electrolyzers, hydrogen turbines, and fuel cells);

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[0053] The equipment efficiency index constraints include the following equations (15) to (28).

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[0054] The electrolyzer consumes surplus renewable energy generation to produce hydrogen. T represents a time period and t represents a specific time instant.

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[0055] Finally, a method for selecting equipment combinations in the hydrogen energy full chain for a high-renewable energy system is proposed, taking into account the constraints of renewable energy penetration rate. The GUROBI solver is used to solve the simulation results at different renewable energy penetration rates, and by inductively summarizing, the equipment combination selection rules for the hydrogen energy full chain in a high-renewable energy system are obtained.

[0056] Specifically, the economic indicators of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain are taken as part of the objective function, and flexibility and efficiency index constraints are considered together with the renewable energy penetration rate constraint, and the GUROBI solver is used to solve the optimal combination selection results of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain under different renewable energy penetration rates, and the combination selection rules of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain in the high renewable energy system are obtained. The method enables hydrogen transportation between adjacent high renewable energy systems, and no hydrogen transportation upper limit is set. The overall architecture of the method is as shown in Figure 4.

[0057] Objective function C total is the economic indicator of the equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and is also the unit cost of traditional thermal power generation C TU , wind turbine cost C WT , solar power generation cost C PV , energy storage cost C ES , Electric boiler cost C EB , Heat storage tank cost C HST and transportation line cost C L This includes the costs of other energy facilities in a high renewable energy system, such as:

[0058]

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[0059] However, N TU , N ES represent the number of technology types of traditional thermal power generation units and energy storage equipment, respectively.

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[0060] The constraints are: Renewable energy penetration rate constraints,

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[0061] In this embodiment, a specific high-renewable energy interconnection system is used as an example to perform equipment combination selection analysis in the hydrogen energy full chain, and the technical and economic parameters of various equipment and the load curve of the high-renewable energy system are obtained. The renewable energy penetration rates are set at 60%, 80% and 100%, and GUROBI is used to solve the optimal combination selection result of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain when the objective function is minimized.

[0062] For hydrogen storage equipment and hydrogen turbines, due to the outstanding economic advantages of salt cavern hydrogen storage and large hydrogen power generation units, the selection results solved at different renewable energy penetration rates are all single economically optimal types. For electrolyzers and fuel cells, the combination selection results vary depending on the renewable energy penetration rate. For electrolyzer combination selection, when the renewable energy penetration rate is 60% and 80%, the demand for electrolyzer capacity increases, which has a large impact on the system cost, and the renewable energy capacity is surplus. Therefore, AEC is sufficient to meet the demand for hydrogen production and has better economic efficiency than PEMEC and SOEC of the same capacity, and all the selection results are AEC. When the renewable energy penetration rate reaches 100%, the wind power generation capacity reaches its upper limit, so the system tends to adopt the most efficient SOEC to meet the increasing demand for hydrogen production through hydrogen production power generation, and combine it with the most economical AEC to achieve both economic efficiency. Regarding the selection of fuel cell combinations, when the renewable energy penetration rate is 80%, there is a limit to the renewable energy installed capacity, so high-ratio renewable energy systems tend to adopt SOFCs with optimal efficiency to make up for the energy supply shortage and reduce energy losses. To achieve a renewable energy penetration rate of 100%, it is necessary to add a lot of installed capacity for solar power generation equipment, but since there is a large difference between the amount of solar power generation during the day and at night, systems tend to select PEMFCs with optimal flexibility and economy, and combine them with SOFCs with optimal efficiency to achieve a balance between flexibility, economy, and efficiency.

[0063] From the above results, the rules for selecting equipment combinations in the hydrogen energy full chain can be summarized as follows: for hydrogen storage equipment and hydrogen turbines, priority is given to selecting those with the most optimal cost; for electrolyzers, priority is given to selecting SOECs with the most optimal efficiency when the system has little surplus renewable energy power generation and low equipment demand for electrolyzers; and for fuel cells, priority is given to selecting SOFCs with the most optimal efficiency or PEMFCs with the most optimal flexibility and economy according to energy supply needs. In addition, by using different combinations of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the actual situation of the energy system, efficient, flexible and economical use of energy can be achieved.

[0064] As described above, this embodiment can effectively obtain the optimal combination selection result of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain under different renewable energy penetration rates, fully utilize the complementary advantages between different technology types, and realize efficient, flexible and economical use of energy in a high-renewable energy ratio system.

[0065] Example 2 A combination selection system for equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain, comprising: an index parameter classification module configured to obtain basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and classify the basic technical and economic index parameters according to performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain; An equipment index module configured to compare and analyze the types of each equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification; a classification index constraint module configured to comprehensively consider the performance difference index and operation characteristics of the equipment based on the result of the comparison analysis, and establish constraints of the classification index corresponding to each equipment; a model building and solving module configured to determine one of the classification indexes as a part of the objective function, determine the remaining classification indexes as constraints, set different renewable energy penetration rates, solve optimal results at different renewable energy penetration rates, and obtain equipment combination selection rules in the hydrogen energy full chain in the high-renewable energy system; A selection determination module configured to determine a combination selection plan for equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain for a target high ratio renewable energy system based on the combination selection rule for equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain; Equipped with.

[0066] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Thus, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. The present invention may also take the form of a computer program product executing on one or more computer usable storage media (including, but not limited to, magnetic disk memories, CD-ROMs, optical memories, etc.) containing computer usable program code.

[0067] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and each combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be realized by computer program commands. These computer program commands may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, whereby the commands executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for realizing the functions specified in one or more flows of the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks of the block diagrams.

[0068] These computer program commands may be stored in a computer readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a particular manner, whereby the commands stored in the computer readable memory create an article of manufacture including command means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flows of the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks of the block diagrams.

[0069] These computer program commands may be loaded into a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause the computer or other programmable device to perform a series of operational steps to generate a computer-implemented process, whereby the commands executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flows of the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks of the block diagrams.

[0070] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present invention. As long as it does not deviate from the spirit and principle of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art without requiring creative efforts shall all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain, executed by a computer, comprising: A step of obtaining basic technical and economic index parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, and classifying the basic technical and economic index parameters according to the performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, the specific process includes dividing the basic technical and economic parameters into three indexes, namely, economic index, flexibility index and efficiency index, the economic index includes investment cost, fixed operation and maintenance cost, start-up and shutdown cost and service life, the flexibility index includes load operation range, ramp rate and start-up and shutdown time, and the efficiency index includes thermal efficiency, electrical efficiency and hydrogen absorption and desorption efficiency; A step of comparatively analyzing the types of each equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the classification; A step of establishing constraints on classification indexes corresponding to each piece of equipment by comprehensively considering the performance difference indexes and operating characteristics of the equipment based on the results of the comparison analysis, in which the specific process is to establish equipment economic index constraints including the total cost of the electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage equipment and compressor; in the calculation, considering the total equipment capacity limit or hydrogen upper limit of the corresponding equipment in the high-ratio renewable energy system; establishing equipment flexibility index constraints including constraints on the power, online capacity, start-up capacity and stop capacity of each equipment in the high-ratio renewable energy system, as well as constraints on the maximum start-up / stop ramp rate and minimum start-up / stop time; and establishing equipment efficiency index constraints including constraints on the power, heat generation power and hydrogen absorption / release efficiency of each equipment. and The equipment economic performance index constraints include the following equations (1) to (5): [0,54] However, N ｒ represents the total number of high-renewable energy systems, and k is the number of high-renewable energy systems in a particular represents a renewable energy system, and N ＥＣ , N ＨＴ , N ＦＣ and N ＨＳ is an electrolytic cell, The number of technologies for hydrogen turbines, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage facilities are each represented, and i is the number of specific designs. represents the technology type of equipment, and C ＥＣ , C ＨＴ , C ＦＣ , C ＨＳ and C ＣＯＰ Electrolyzer, hydrogen represents the total cost of the turbine, fuel cell, hydrogen storage facility, and compressor, respectively; ＥＣ，ｉ , a ＨＴ，ｉ , a ＦＣ，ｉ , a ＨＳ，ｉ and a ＣＯＰ is the i-th type electrolytic cell, hydrogen turbine represents the investment costs of the refrigeration plant, fuel cell, hydrogen storage facility, and associated compressor, respectively; f ＥＣ，ｉ , f ＨＴ，ｉ , f ＦＣ，ｉ , f ＨＳ，ｉ and f ＣＯＰ is the i-th type electrolytic cell, hydrogen turbine represents the fixed operation and maintenance costs of the bin, fuel cell, hydrogen storage equipment, and associated compressor, respectively; [0.55] is the electricity generation capacity of the hydrogen turbine in the high-ratio renewable energy system k at time t. represents the force and stopping capacity, [0,56] represent the variable operating cost and the startup / shutdown cost of the i-th type hydrogen turbine, respectively; [0.57] represents the number of electrolyzers, hydrogen turbines, and other components of the i-th type in the high-ratio renewable energy system k, Represents the additional capacity of fuel cells and hydrogen storage facilities, respectively. [0,58] represents the number of electrolyzers, hydrogen turbines, and other components of the i-th type in the high-ratio renewable energy system k, Represents the total installed capacity of fuel cells and hydrogen storage equipment, respectively. [0,59] The present invention relates to a hydrogen storage facility of the i-th type in a high-ratio renewable energy system k and its attached Each represents the upper limit of hydrogen for the compressor to which it belongs, The equipment flexibility index constraints include the following equations (6) to (14): [0.60] where X represents a set of equipment including an electrolyzer, a hydrogen turbine, and a fuel cell; [0061] is the power consumption of the i-th type of equipment X in the high-ratio renewable energy system k at time t represents [0062] is the on-state current of the i-th type of equipment X in the high-ratio renewable energy system k at time t. represent the line capacity, start capacity and stop capacity, respectively; [0063] is the total capacity of the i-th type of equipment X in the high-renewable energy system k, and the additional capacity Representing the reserve capacity and the existing capacity, respectively. [0,64] represents the minimum / maximum output ratio of the X equipment of the i-th type, [0.65] represents the maximum up / down ramp rate of the i-th type of X equipment, respectively; [0.66] represents the maximum startup / shutdown ramp rate of the i-th type of X equipment, [0.67] represents the minimum start-up / shutdown time of the X equipment of the i-th type, [0068] is the hydrogen storage facility of the i-th type in the high-renewable energy system k at time t. represent the mass of hydrogen stored / released, respectively. The equipment efficiency index constraints include the following equations (15) to (28): [0,69] The electrolyzer consumes surplus renewable energy generation to produce hydrogen, and T represents the time period. where t represents a specific time. [Number 70] is the input power of the i-th type electrolyzer at time t in the high-ratio renewable energy system k , the electric power generated by the i-th type hydrogen turbine and fuel cell and the i-th type hydrogen storage equipment represents the power consumption of the compressor, and β ｅ２ｈ converts electrical energy into hydrogen energy represents the energy conversion coefficient for converting hydrogen into hydrogen, and LHV represents the lower heating value of hydrogen energy. 、 [Equation 71] is the amount of electricity generated by the i-th type electrolyzer at time t in the high-renewable energy system k. mass of hydrogen energy consumed by the i-th type of hydrogen turbine and fuel cell represent the mass of energy, respectively. [Equation 72] represent the power of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, and fuel cell, respectively; [Equation 73] represent the thermoelectric power of the i-th type electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, and fuel cell, respectively; [74] represents the thermal power generated by the electrolyzer, hydrogen turbine, and fuel cell of the i-th type, respectively; [Number 75] is the wind energy and solar power generation configuration of high renewable energy system k at time t. Representing the reserve capacity rate, respectively, [76] is the total capacity of wind power generators and solar power generation equipment in a high-ratio renewable energy system k The capacity is expressed as [77] is the time t of the wind power generator and the solar power generator in the high-ratio renewable energy system k Q represents the total amount of hydrogen produced by all electrolyzers; [78] is the hydrogen storage facility of the i-th type in the high-renewable energy system k at time t. represents the storage state of [79] represents the hydrogen absorption / release efficiency of the i-th type hydrogen storage equipment, [Number 80] represents the electrical consumption coefficient of the compressor; One of the classifiers is determined as part of the objective function, and the remaining classifiers are determined as constraints. Then, different renewable energy penetration rates are set and the maximum To obtain optimal results and to develop a full hydrogen energy chain in a high-renewable energy system A step of obtaining a combination selection rule for equipment in Specifically, the economic efficiency index of the equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain is part of the target function. Then, we consider the flexibility and efficiency index constraints along with the renewable energy penetration rate constraint, and Using this system, we will study the hydrogen energy full chain with different renewable energy penetration rates. Find the optimal combination of facilities and hydrogen in a high-ratio renewable energy system Obtain the equipment combination selection rule in the energy full chain, and calculate the objective function C ｔｏｔ ａｌ In addition to the economic indicators of the equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, Unit cost C ＴＵ , Wind power generator cost C ＷＴ , Solar power generation cost C ＰＶ , Energy Storage cost C ＥＳ , Electric boiler cost C ＥＢ , Heat storage tank cost C ＨＳＴ and transportation line costs C Ｌ The cost of other energy facilities in a high-renewable energy system such as Including, [Number 81] However, N ＴＵ , N ＥＳ The technology types of traditional thermal power generation units and energy storage equipment Each represents the number of classes, [0082] is a type i traditional thermal power generation unit, a wind power generator, a solar power generation device, a type i Energy storage equipment of power type and energy type, electric boiler, heat storage tank and high rate renewable represents the investment cost of the transportation line connecting the active energy systems j and k, respectively, and f ＴＵ，ｉ , f ＷＴ , f ＰＶ , f ＥＢ and f ＨＳＴ is the traditional thermal power generation unit of type i, The fixed operation and maintenance costs of the power generator, solar power generation device, electric boiler, and heat storage tank are shown. death, [Number 83] represents the startup and shutdown cost of the i-th type of traditional thermal power generation unit, and C ＥＳ， ｉ and C. ＨＳＴ represents the operating costs of the i-th type of energy storage equipment and the thermal storage tank, respectively. 、 [Number 84] The i-th type of traditional thermal power generating units, wind turbines, solar power generating devices, electric boilers and the additional installed capacity of the thermal storage tank, respectively. [Number 85] is the power type of the i-th type of traditional thermal power generation unit, the i-th type of energy storage facility and energy type, electric boiler and heat storage tank total installed capacity, respectively. [Number 86] is the traditional thermal power generation of the i-th type of high renewable energy system k at time t. represents the output power of the unit and the charging / discharging power of the i-type energy storage equipment, respectively; [Number 87] is the traditional thermal power generation unit of the i-th type in a high-renewable energy system k. represents the outage capacity at time t of [Number 88] is the traditional thermal power generation unit of the i-th type in a high-renewable energy system k. represent the heat storage and heat dissipation power of the heat storage tank at time t, and ｋ High proportion of renewable energy represents the set of transportation lines connected to the GPU system k, The constraints are: Renewable energy penetration rate constraints, [Number 89] (Note that Γ is the renewable energy penetration rate of a high renewable energy interconnection system. represents the permeability target, Φ ｋ The energy storage facility for the high-ratio renewable energy system The slack variable is created to determine the charge and discharge power of the energy storage facility. High-renewable energy system with "energy loss" when power is positive at the same time The aim is to offset the impact on the system. [Number 90] is the electrical load of the high renewable energy system k at time t, and the export electrical load (These represent the power consumption of the electric boiler and the load, respectively.) System balance and reservation constraints; [Number 91] (however, [Number 92] represents the transmission power at time t of the transportation line connecting high-renewable energy systems j and k. Represents, [Number 93] is the total energy consumption of the high-renewable energy system k at time t, including the combined heat and power generation unit and the electric boiler. represent the heat generated power, heat load and waste heat power of the [Number 94] represents the amount of hydrogen transported from high-renewable energy system j to k at time t; [Number 95] The hydrogen energy pipeline set connected to the high-ratio renewable energy system represents the [Number 96] represents the hydrogen load of high proportion renewable energy system k at time t; [Number 97] represents the minimum power ratio of the i-th type of traditional thermal power unit; [Number 98] is the traditional thermal power generation unit of the i-th type in a high-renewable energy system k. represents the online capacity of the [Number 99] is the i-th type of energy storage capacity of the high renewable energy system k at time t. respectively denote the reservation contribution request of the equipment and the power reservation request of the system, and e ＷＴ and ＰＶ is wind power (Represents the output prediction error of the generator and the solar power generation device, respectively) Other equipment constraints and [Number 100] (In addition to facilities related to the full hydrogen energy chain, we are also working on high-ratio renewable energy systems. The system includes traditional thermal power generation units, wind turbines, solar power generation equipment, energy storage facilities, and The related constraints of traditional thermal power generation units are hydrogen turbines, thermal storage tanks and transmission lines. The associated constraints for energy storage equipment and heat storage tanks are similar to those for hydrogen storage equipment and compressors. Similar, [Number 101] is the heat generation constraint of the combined heat and power unit in a traditional thermal power generation unit, [00102] is the power of the cogeneration unit in the high renewable energy system k at time t. represent the thermal power, [Number 103] represent the electrical efficiency and thermal efficiency of the combined heat and power unit, respectively, [00104] The current status of wind and solar energy in high-renewable energy systems storage capacity, [00105] represent the minimum and maximum power ratios of the electric boiler, respectively; [Number 106] represents the thermal efficiency of the electric boiler, [Equation 107] represent the maximum up / down ramp rates of the electric boiler, respectively) Including, The equipment combination selection rules in the hydrogen energy full chain are: hydrogen storage equipment For the hydrogen turbine and the electrolyzer, the most cost-effective option was selected. The excess renewable energy generation in the system is less than the set value, and the facility demand of the electrolyzer is If the efficiency is less than a predetermined value, the solid oxide electrolyzer having the optimum efficiency is preferentially selected, and the system The amount of surplus renewable energy generation exceeds the set value, and the capacity demand for electrolyzers exceeds the set amount. In this case, the alkaline electrolytic cell with the best economical efficiency is selected first, and the fuel cell is selected as the energy Depending on your supply needs, you can choose from solid oxide fuel cells for optimal efficiency or protons for optimal flexibility and economy. preferentially selecting a ton exchange membrane fuel cell; Based on the rules for selecting equipment combinations in the hydrogen energy full chain, Equipment for the hydrogen energy full chain for high-ratio renewable energy systems determining a combination selection plan; A method for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain, comprising: method.

2. A process to compare and analyze each facility in the hydrogen energy full chain according to the above classification. S, To compare the parameter indicators of various electrolytic cells; Contrasting parameter indicators of various fuel cells; To compare parameter indicators of hydrogen turbines of various single unit capacities; To compare the parameter indicators of various hydrogen storage equipment; The facility in the hydrogen energy full chain according to claim 1, further comprising: How to select a combination.

3. The results of the comparative analysis show that alkaline electrolysis is the most economical, efficient and flexible. In between, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers offer the most flexibility and the least efficiency, while solid oxide The electrolytic cell has the highest efficiency and the lowest economy and flexibility. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are the most economical and flexible, while solid oxide fuel cells are the most efficient. phosphoric acid fuel cells and carbonate fuel cells are the most flexible, efficient and economical. It is not desirable to do so, The efficiency of each single unit capacity hydrogen turbine is matched, and the smaller units offer maximum flexibility. The medium-sized units are intermediate in both flexibility and economy, while the smaller units are the least economical. Large units offer the best economy and the least flexibility; Salt caverns have the highest economics and the difference between other classification indices for hydrogen storage in salt caverns is less than a threshold or negligible; The facility in the hydrogen energy full chain according to claim 1, further comprising: How to select a combination.

4. The objective function is the equipment economics index and other factors in a high-renewable energy system. Including the cost of energy facilities, The constraints are equipment flexibility index constraints, equipment efficiency index constraints, system balance and reservation constraints. , including other energy facility constraints and renewable energy penetration rate constraints, The renewable energy penetration rate constraint includes the energy consumption of high-ratio renewable energy systems. A slack variable created for the ghee storage facility is introduced. The other energy facilities include thermal power generation units, wind power generators, solar power generation devices, energy This includes ghee storage facilities, electric boilers, heat storage tanks and power lines. Optimal combination of facilities in the hydrogen energy full chain when the objective function is minimized The hydrogen energy flow chain according to claim 1 is characterized in that the result of the selection is solved. A method for selecting equipment combinations in a project.

5. The method for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain according to claim 1 is adopted. A system for selecting a combination of equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain using the above-mentioned method, Obtain basic technical and economic indicator parameters of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, Based on the performance differences of different types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain, an indicator parameter classification module configured to classify technical economic indicator parameters; According to the above classification, the types of equipment in the hydrogen energy full chain are compared and analyzed. An equipment index module configured to: Based on the results of the comparative analysis, the performance difference index and operating characteristics of the equipment are comprehensively considered, and each equipment is assigned a classifier constraint module configured to establish a constraint for a corresponding classifier; One of the classifiers is determined as part of the objective function, and the remaining classifiers are determined as constraints. Then, different renewable energy penetration rates are set and the maximum To obtain optimal results and to develop a full hydrogen energy chain in a high-renewable energy system A model building and solving module configured to obtain a combination selection rule for equipment in With Based on the rules for selecting equipment combinations in the hydrogen energy full chain, Equipment for the hydrogen energy full chain for high-ratio renewable energy systems A selection determination module configured to determine a combination selection plan of A combination selection system for equipment in a hydrogen energy full chain Selection system.

6. When executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 The present invention is characterized in that the memory is used to store computer commands that complete steps in a A computer-readable storage medium.

7. A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executed on the processor. and a computer command, which when executed by a processor, Item 5. The method according to any one of items 1 to 4, comprising completing the steps of the method according to any one of items 1 to 4. , electronic equipment.

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