Current measuring resistor

Abstract

The invention relates to a current measuring resistor (1) for measuring an electric current (I), comprising two plate-shaped connection parts (2, 3), which are made of a conductor material, and a plate-shaped resistor element (4), which is made of a resistor material. The resistor element (4) is electrically and mechanically connected to the connection parts (2, 3) and is arranged between the two connection parts (2, 3) in the current flow direction such that the electric current (I) to be measured flows through the resistor element (4). According to the invention, the resistor element (4) is arranged at least partly between the first connection part (2) located on the upper face of the resistor element (4) and the second connection part (3) located on the lower face of the resistor element (4).

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] Current measuring resistor

[0003] Technical field of the invention

[0004] The invention relates to a current measuring resistor ("shunt") for measuring an electrical current.

[0005] Background of the invention

[0006] Figure 1 shows a conventional current measuring resistor 1, which is known, for example, from EP 0 605 800 B1 and is used to measure current according to the four-wire technique. The known current measuring resistor 1 firstly has a plate-shaped connection part 2, which consists of a conductor material (e.g. copper) and serves to introduce an electrical current I to be measured into the current measuring resistor 1. In addition, the known current measuring resistor 1 has a further plate-shaped connection part 3, which is also made of a conductor material (e.g. copper) and serves to lead the electrical current I to be measured out of the current measuring resistor 1 again. Arranged in the direction of current flow between the two connection parts 2, 3 is a resistance element 4, which consists of a resistance material (e.g. Manganin®, i.e. CuMnl2Ni) and is connected to the connection parts 2, 3 at its end edges by electron beam welding.The electrical current I to be measured is thus introduced into the current measuring resistor 1 via the connection part 2, then flows through the resistance element 4 and is finally discharged from the current measuring resistor 1 again through the connection part 3. In addition, the current measuring resistor 1 has two voltage taps, which are not shown for simplicity and serve to measure the voltage drop across the resistance element 4. The measured voltage drop across the resistance element 4 is then, according to Ohm's law, a measure of the electrical current I flowing through the current measuring resistor 1. It should also be mentioned that a bore 5 or 6 is arranged in each of the two connection parts 2, 3, which makes it possible to screw the connection parts 2 and 3, for example, to a busbar. However, this known current measuring resistor 1 is still not entirely satisfactory.In particular, the dissipation of the electrical heat loss generated in the resistance element 4 during operation via the connecting parts 1, 3 is not yet satisfactory.

[0007] Description of the invention

[0008] The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a correspondingly improved current measuring resistor.

[0009] This object is achieved by a current measuring resistor according to the invention according to the main claim.

[0010] The current measuring resistor according to the invention, in accordance with the known current measuring resistor described at the outset, has a plate-shaped first connection part which consists of an electrically conductive conductor material (e.g. copper) and serves to introduce the electrical current to be measured into the current measuring resistor.

[0011] In addition, the current measuring resistor according to the invention, in accordance with the known current measuring resistor described at the outset, also has a second plate-shaped connection part, which also consists of a conductor material (e.g. copper) and serves to conduct the electrical current back out of the current measuring resistor.

[0012] Furthermore, the current measuring resistor according to the invention comprises, in accordance with the prior art, a resistance element made of a resistance alloy (e.g. Manganin®, ie CuMnl2Ni), which is arranged in the current flow direction between the two connection parts and is thus traversed by the electrical current to be measured during operation.

[0013] The voltage drop across the resistance element is then, according to Ohm's law, a measure of the electric current flowing through the current measuring resistor, which conventionally enables current measurement according to the known four-wire technique, as described, for example, in EP 0 605 800 B1.

[0014] In the known current measuring resistor described at the beginning, the heat dissipation of the electrical heat loss generated in the resistance element into the plate-shaped connecting parts is relatively poor, since the contact surfaces between the resistance element on the one hand and the adjacent plate-shaped connecting parts are relatively small, which leads to a correspondingly poor heat conduction from the resistance element into the connecting parts.

[0015] To avoid this disadvantage, the invention provides that the resistance element is not connected to the terminals at its narrow end faces, but instead lies sandwich-like between the terminals. The resistance element is thus arranged at least partially between the first terminal located on the top side of the resistance element and the second terminal located on the bottom side of the resistance element. This sandwich-like arrangement of the current measuring resistor according to the invention advantageously enables a significantly larger contact area between the resistance element on the one hand and the terminals on the other, which in turn enables good heat dissipation of the electrical heat loss generated in the resistance element into the terminals.

[0016] In one variant of the invention, the resistance element completely overlaps the first connection part, so that the first connection part completely covers the top side of the resistance element. Similarly, it is also possible for the resistance element to completely overlap the second connection part, so that the second connection part completely covers the bottom side of the resistance element from below. The resistance element is thus completely covered at the top and / or bottom by the connection parts.

[0017] In this variant of the invention, it is possible for the two connection parts to be flush with one side of the resistance element in the direction of current flow, ie the connection parts do not protrude beyond the resistance element in the direction of current flow or only in one direction, namely for current introduction or current discharge.

[0018] However, with this variant of the invention there is also the alternative possibility that the connecting parts protrude beyond the resistance element in the direction of current flow, in both directions.

[0019] In another variant of the invention, however, the resistance element only partially overlaps with the first connection part or the second connection part. This means that part of the upper side of the resistance element is exposed, while another part of the upper side of the resistance element is covered by the first connection part. For the underside of the current-sensing resistor, the same applies: part of the underside of the resistance element is exposed, while the remaining part of the underside of the resistance element is covered by the second connection part.

[0020] In general, it should be mentioned that the resistance element and the two connecting parts can be arranged plane-parallel to each other.

[0021] Regarding the shape of the resistance element, there are many possibilities within the scope of the invention. For example, the resistance element can have one of the following shapes:

[0022] • Cuboid,

[0023] • Cylinder,

[0024] • Hollow cylinder,

[0025] • Circular disc,

[0026] • Prism.

[0027] As already mentioned above, the two plate-shaped connecting parts serve to introduce the electrical current to be measured into the current measuring resistor and to discharge it from the current measuring resistor. In one variant of the invention, the two connecting parts protrude from the resistance element in the same direction, so that the current measuring resistor is U-shaped in a side view. In another variant of the invention, however, the two connecting parts protrude from the resistance element in opposite directions, so that the current measuring resistor is Z-shaped in a side view.

[0028] Furthermore, it should be mentioned that the connection parts of the current measuring resistor can enclose an angle in a top view of the current measuring resistor, which can be, for example, 90°, so that the current measuring resistor is L-shaped in the top view, with the two connection parts then each forming one leg of the L-shape.

[0029] Alternatively, it is also possible for the connecting parts to form an angle of, for example, 30° when viewed from above, so that the current measuring resistor is V-shaped in plan view, with the two connecting parts each forming one leg of the V-shape. In another variant, however, the connecting parts form an angle of essentially 0° when viewed from above, so that the current measuring resistor is U-shaped in side view. The connecting parts thus protrude from the resistance element in the same direction.

[0030] Alternatively, it is also possible for the connecting parts to form an angle of essentially 180° when viewed from above, as is the case with the conventional current measuring resistor described above. The connecting parts and the resistance element are thus in line.

[0031] Furthermore, the current-sensing resistor according to the invention can have two voltage taps connected to the two terminals to measure the voltage drop across the resistance element. According to Ohm's law, the voltage drop across the resistance element is then a measure of the electrical current flowing through the current-sensing resistor.

[0032] Optionally, there is also the possibility of a third voltage tap, which acts on the resistance element and thus forms a center tap.

[0033] With regard to the spatial arrangement of the voltage taps, various possibilities exist within the scope of the invention. In one variant of the invention, the two voltage taps are located on the top side of the first connection part and on the bottom side of the second connection part, respectively, i.e., on the side of the respective connection part facing away from the resistance element.

[0034] However, there is also the alternative possibility that the voltage taps are arranged on the narrow side edges of the connection parts or the resistance element.

[0035] In a further development of the invention, the connecting parts can each be connected to a busbar, whereby the connection can be made, for example, by a rivet.

[0036] The invention enables a wide variety of designs and configurations. For example, the current measuring resistor can be in the form of a thin cuboid, with a central bore running from the top to the bottom of the current measuring resistor in order to adjust the resistance value. In addition, the connection parts can each have a relief, as is known per se from the prior art and is also referred to as a current shadow. In one variant of such a current shadow, the relief is an incision that runs from the top to the bottom and therefore completely prevents current flow across the incision. In another variant, however, the relief is a groove on the top and / or bottom, which makes current flow across the groove more difficult because the material cross-section is reduced in the area of ​​the groove.

[0037] Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, it is possible for the connecting parts to have a clearance which serves for fastening, for example by means of a rivet, a screw or a clinching connection (e.g. TOX®-eClinch connection).

[0038] With regard to the width of the connection parts and the resistance element transverse to the current flow direction, various possibilities exist within the scope of the invention. For example, the two connection parts and the resistance element can all have the same width. Alternatively, it is possible for the connection parts to have different widths. Furthermore, it is also possible for at least one of the connection parts to have a different width than the resistance element.

[0039] It should also be noted that the resistance element can be connected to the terminals using one of the following connections:

[0040] • Soldered joint, in particular soft soldered joint or hard soldered joint,

[0041] • Press-sintered connection, optionally with copper or silver as sintering material, optionally with a nanostructuring of the contact surfaces of the resistance element and / or the connection parts,

[0042] • Press-bonded connection, optionally with an epoxy adhesive, optionally with a nanostructuring of the contact surfaces of the resistance element and / or the connecting parts,

[0043] • Welded joint, in particular a spot welded joint or a laser welded joint,

[0044] • Riveted connection,

[0045] • Screw connection,

[0046] • Clinching connection, in particular using a TOX®-eClinch connection.

[0047] However, the invention is not limited to the types of connection mentioned above as examples with regard to the type of connection between the resistance element and the connecting parts.

[0048] Furthermore, within the scope of the invention, it is possible for the resistance element to be connected to the connecting parts throughout the entire overlap area. This is advantageous because the contact area between the resistance element and the connecting parts is then maximized, which also contributes to optimizing heat dissipation.

[0049] However, it is also possible to connect the resistance element to the connecting parts only in a portion of the overlap area, in particular only at specific points. For example, such a spatially limited connection can be achieved by a spot weld, a riveted connection, or a clinch connection.

[0050] It should also be noted that the resistance element can be coated with a coating on its underside in the overlap area with the terminals to improve the adhesion of the resistance element to the terminals. For example, this coating can have a layer thickness of at least 1 μm, 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, and / or at most 500 μm, 250 μm, or 100 μm. It should also be noted that the coating can contain copper, nickel, silver, titanium, and / or chromium.

[0051] It was already mentioned at the beginning that the conductor material of the connecting parts can be copper. However, the invention is not limited to copper with regard to the conductor material of the connecting parts; it can also be implemented using a copper alloy, aluminum, or an aluminizing alloy, for example.

[0052] However, the conductor material of the connecting parts should have a lower specific electrical resistance than the resistance material of the resistance element.

[0053] Regarding the current measuring resistor, it should be noted that the current measuring resistor is preferably low-ohmic. This means that the current measuring resistor preferably has a small resistance value, which is preferably less than 50 pQ, 100 pQ, 250 pQ, 500 pQ, 1 mQ, 100 mQ, 50 mQ, or 100 mQ.

[0054] With regard to the resistance material of the resistance element, various possibilities exist within the scope of the invention. For example, the resistance material can be a copper-manganese-nickel alloy, such as Manganin®, i.e., CuMnl2Ni. However, it is also possible for the resistance material to be a nickel-chromium alloy, such as ISAOHM® (i.e., NiCr20AISi). Furthermore, it is also possible for the resistance material to be a copper-manganese alloy or a copper-nickel alloy. However, the invention is not limited to the aforementioned examples of resistance materials.

[0055] However, the resistance material should have a small specific electrical resistance, preferably less than 10,000 pOcm, 1,000 pOcm or 500 pOcm.

[0056] It should also be noted that the resistance element preferably has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm or 3 mm.

[0057] To further improve the dissipation of waste heat, the resistance element in the current measuring resistor according to the invention can be connected to a heat transfer element, such as a so-called heat pipe.

[0058] Regarding the current measuring resistor, it should also be mentioned in general that the current measuring resistor preferably has a current carrying capacity of at least 10 A, 50 A, 100 A, 200 A, 500 A or 1 kA under continuous load.

[0059] The current measuring resistor according to the invention was described above as a single component. However, the invention also claims protection for a current measuring device comprising such a current measuring resistor and a voltage measuring device for measuring the voltage drop across the resistance element of the current measuring resistor.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the voltage measuring device has two measuring channels to measure two different voltage drops at two pairs of voltage taps on the current measuring resistor.

[0061] In one variant of the invention, the two measuring channels of the voltage measuring device are connected to the pairs of voltage taps in such a way that the voltage drops are measured crosswise, as is known, for example, from DE 10 2021 103 241.5. In another variant of the invention, however, the two measuring channels are connected to the voltage taps in such a way that the voltage drops are measured parallel to one another, as is known, for example, from WO 2014 / 161624 A1.

[0062] In another variant of the invention, the voltage measuring device has three measuring channels that measure three voltage drops at three voltage taps. The three voltage taps form a closed loop over the resistance element, as is known, for example, from DE 20 2021 105 281 U1.

[0063] Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are explained in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures.

[0064] Brief description of the drawings

[0065] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a conventional current measuring resistor according to the prior art.

[0066] Figure 2 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a current measuring resistor according to the invention.

[0067] Figure 3 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a current measuring resistor according to the invention.

[0068] Figure 4 shows a schematic side view of the current measuring resistor according to Figure 2.

[0069] Figure 5 shows a schematic side view of the current measuring resistor according to Figure 3 with an additional voltage measuring device.

[0070] Figure 6 shows a modified embodiment of the current measuring resistor according to Figures 2 and 4.

[0071] Figure 7 shows a further modification of a current measuring resistor according to the invention.

[0072] Figure 8 shows a schematic plan view of the current measuring resistor according to the invention according to Figure 3.

[0073] Figure 9 shows a schematic plan view of a modified embodiment of a current measuring resistor according to the invention.

[0074] Figure 10 shows a modification in which the current measuring resistor is V-shaped in plan view.

[0075] Figure 11 shows a modification of the current measuring resistor according to Figure 10 with an additional through hole.

[0076] Figure 12 shows another embodiment with a through hole.

[0077] Figures 13 and 14 show different views of the current measuring resistor according to Figure 12 with two current rails.

[0078] Detailed information

[0079] In the following, the embodiment of a current measuring resistor 1 according to the invention shown in Figure 2 will now be described, which partially corresponds to the conventional current measuring resistor 1 described at the outset and shown in Figure 1, so that in order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference numerals being used for corresponding details.

[0080] A special feature of this embodiment is that the resistance element 4 is not connected to the connection parts 2, 3 by its narrow end faces. Instead, the resistance element 4 is inserted in a sandwich-like manner between the two connection parts 2, 3. This is advantageous because the contact area between the resistance element 4, on the one hand, and the connection parts 2, 3, on the other hand, is significantly larger than in the conventional current measuring resistor 1 described above and shown in Figure 1. This enlarged contact area, in turn, leads to improved heat dissipation from the resistance element 4 into the connection parts 2, 3.

[0081] In this embodiment, the resistance element 4 completely overlaps the connection parts 2, 3. This means that the resistance element 4 is completely covered on its upper side by the connection part 2. Accordingly, the resistance element 4 is completely covered on its lower side by the connection part 3.

[0082] Figure 3 shows a modification of the current measuring resistor 1 according to the invention according to Figure 2, so that in order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference numerals being used for corresponding details.

[0083] A special feature of this embodiment is that the resistance element 4 does not completely overlap with the two connection parts 2, 3. Thus, the resistance element 4 only partially overlaps with the connection part 2 on its upper side, so that part of the upper side of the resistance element 4 is exposed, while the remaining part of the upper side of the resistance element 4 is covered by the connection part 2. Similarly, the resistance element 4 only partially overlaps with the connection part 3 on its underside, so that part of the underside of the resistance element 4 is exposed, while the remaining part of the underside of the resistance element 4 is covered from below by the connection part 3.

[0084] Figure 4 shows a schematic side view of the current measuring resistor 1 according to Figure 2.

[0085] This side view shows that a coating 7, 8 is arranged between the resistance element 4 and the two connecting parts 2, 3, whereby the coatings 7, 8 are merely optional. The coatings 7, 8 can improve the adhesion of the resistance element 4 to the connecting parts 2, 3.

[0086] Figure 5 shows a schematic side view of the current measuring resistor 1 according to Figure 3, so that in order to avoid repetition, reference is again made to the above description, the same reference numerals being used for corresponding details.

[0087] The drawing also shows two voltage taps 9, 10, which engage the connection part 2 and the connection part 3, respectively. It should be noted that the two voltage taps 9, 10 each engage the outside of the two connection parts 2, 3, i.e., the side facing away from the resistance element 4.

[0088] Furthermore, a voltage measuring device 11 is shown, which is connected to the two voltage taps 9, 10 and measures the voltage drop across the resistance element 4, wherein this voltage drop is a measure of the electrical current I flowing through the current measuring resistor 1 according to Ohm's law. Figure 6 shows a further embodiment of a current measuring resistor 1 according to the invention, which partially corresponds to the embodiments described above, so that reference is made to the above description to avoid repetition.

[0089] A special feature compared to the embodiment according to Figure 4 is that the two connection parts 2, 3 protrude beyond the resistance element 4 on both sides in the direction of current flow.

[0090] A special feature compared to the embodiment according to Figure 5 is that the voltage taps 9, 10 each engage the inner sides of the connection parts 2, 3, ie on the sides facing the resistance element 4.

[0091] Figure 7 shows a further embodiment of a current measuring resistor 1 according to the invention, which partially corresponds to the embodiments described above, so that in order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference numerals being used for corresponding details.

[0092] A special feature of this embodiment is that a center tap is provided, which consists of a further voltage tap 12 on the resistance element 4.

[0093] In addition, two further voltage measuring devices 13, 14 are provided, so that the voltage measuring devices 11, 13 and 14 measure three voltages UB, UU, Iha along a closed mesh.

[0094] Figures 8 and 9 show a schematic plan view of two embodiments of a current measuring resistor 1 according to the invention. In the embodiment according to Figure 8, the connection parts 2, 3 and the resistance element 4 all have the same width b transverse to the current flow direction. A i=b A 2=b w .

[0095] In the embodiment according to Figure 9, however, the connecting part 2 has a smaller width b Ai as the connecting part 3 and the resistance element 4 with b A 2>b Ai and b w >b A i.

[0096] Figure 10 shows a schematic plan view of a further embodiment of a current measuring resistor 1 according to the invention, which again partially corresponds to the embodiments described above.

[0097] A special feature here is that the two connection parts 1, 3 enclose an angle a=30°, so that the current measuring resistor 1 is V-shaped in the top view.

[0098] The embodiment shown in Figure 11 is largely identical to the embodiment shown in Figure 10. A special feature is that a hole 15 extends through the entire current measuring resistor 1. The hole 15 can also be used to adjust the resistance value of the current measuring resistor 1.

[0099] Figure 12 shows a further embodiment of a current measuring resistor according to the invention, which partially corresponds to the embodiments described above, so that in order to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference numerals being used for corresponding details.

[0100] A special feature here is that contact flags 16, 17 are formed onto the two connecting parts 2, 3.

[0101] Another special feature is the through hole 15.

[0102] Finally, Figures 13 and 14 show different views of the current measuring resistor 1 according to Figure 12 with two busbars 18, 19, which are connected to the current measuring resistor 1 by a rivet 20. The rivet 20 can individually pass through the holes 15 in the current measuring resistor.

[0103] The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Rather, the invention encompasses a multitude of variants and modifications that also utilize the inventive concept and therefore fall within the scope of protection. In particular, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter and features of the subclaims, independent of the respective claims referred to, and in particular even without the features of the main claim. The invention thus encompasses various aspects of the invention that enjoy independent protection. Advantages of the invention

[0104] The invention offers the following advantages, among others:

[0105] The sandwich construction offers further degrees of design freedom:

[0106] • The resistance value can be adjusted for a wide range of specific resistances.

[0107] • The effective, measured resistance value can be variably adjusted by positioning the voltage taps along and across the current flow direction.

[0108] • The temperature coefficient of electrical resistance (TCR) can also be adjusted by exposing and positioning the voltage taps along and across the direction of current flow.

[0109] • Releases can be used for additional mechanical fastening.

[0110] • A new and less complex assembly and connection technology is possible by stacking, then soldering, press-sintering or press-bonding (optional heating) and optionally by additionally inserting a fastening (rivet, clinch point).

[0111] • More freedom is possible for connecting the current measuring resistor on the customer side. The connection parts can be flexibly designed according to customer requirements and can form an angle of 0° to 360° to each other, thus allowing them to be flexibly adapted to the customer's installation geometry.

[0112] There is better intrinsic heat dissipation due to the larger contact area between the resistance element on the one hand and the connecting parts on the other.

[0113] The current measuring resistor according to the invention has better long-term stability due to:

[0114] • Less surface of the resistance element is exposed to oxidation.

[0115] • The resistance alloy ISAOHM® is suitable due to the higher degree of design freedom.

[0116] List of reference symbols

[0117] 1 current measuring resistor

[0118] 2 Connection part for introducing the current into the current measuring resistor

[0119] 3 Connection part for diverting the current from the current measuring resistor

[0120] 4 resistance element

[0121] 5 Hole in the connection part for introducing the current into the current measuring resistor

[0122] 6 Hole in the connection part for conducting the current from the current measuring resistor

[0123] 7 Coating between the resistance element and the connection part for introducing the current into the current measuring resistor

[0124] 8 Coating between the resistance element and the for conducting the current from the current measuring resistor

[0125] 9 Voltage tap on the connection part for introducing the current into the current measuring resistor

[0126] 10 Voltage tap on the to derive the current from the current measuring resistor

[0127] 11 Voltage measuring device

[0128] 13, 14 Voltage measuring device

[0129] 12 Voltage tap on the resistance element

[0130] 15 Drilling through the current measuring resistor

[0131] 16 contact flags on the connection part for introducing the current

[0132] 17 contact flags on the connection part for discharging the current

[0133] 18 Busbar for introducing the current into the current measuring resistor

[0134] 19 Busbar for conducting the current from the current measuring resistor

[0135] 20 Rivet for connecting the busbars with the current measuring resistor b Ai Width of the connection part for introducing the current into the current measuring resistor b A 2 Width of the connection part for discharging the current from the current measuring resistor b w Width of the resistance element

[0136] I Current through the current measuring resistor

[0137] Ui2 Voltage between resistance element and the connection part for introducing the current into the current measuring resistor

[0138] U23 Voltage between resistance element and the connection part for discharging the current from the current measuring resistor

[0139] U13 Voltage between the two terminals a Angle between the terminals

Claims

REQUIREMENTS 1. Current measuring resistor (1) for measuring an electric current (I), comprising a) a plate-shaped first connection part (2) made of an electrically conductive conductor material, in particular for introducing the current (I) to be measured into the current measuring resistor (1), b) a plate-shaped second connection part (3) made of an electrically conductive conductor material, in particular for introducing the current (I) to be measured out of the current measuring resistor (1), and c) a plate-shaped resistance element (4) made of a low-resistance resistance material, wherein the resistance element (4) is electrically and mechanically connected to the connection parts (2, 3) and is arranged in the current flow direction between the two connection parts (2, 3) so that the electric current (I) to be measured flows through the resistance element (4), characterized in thatd) that the resistive element (4) is arranged at least partially between the first terminal part (2) located on the top side of the resistive element (4) and the second terminal part (3) located on the bottom side of the resistive element (4).

2. Current measuring resistor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a) the resistive element (4) completely overlaps with the first terminal part (2) so that the first terminal part (2) completely covers the top of the resistive element (4), and / or b) the resistive element (4) completely overlaps with the second terminal part (3) so that the second terminal part (3) completely covers the bottom of the resistive element (4) from below.

3. Current measuring resistor (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that a) the first connecting part (2) projects beyond the resistance element (4) on both sides in the direction of current flow, and / or b) the second connecting part (3) projects beyond the resistance element (4) on both sides in the direction of current flow. towers above.

4. Current measuring resistor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a) the resistive element (4) only partially overlaps with the first terminal part (2), so that the top of the resistive element (4) is only partially covered by the first terminal part (2), and / or b) the resistive element (4) only partially overlaps with the second terminal part (3), so that the bottom of the resistive element (4) is only partially covered by the second terminal part (3).

5. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance element (4) and the two connection parts (2, 3) are arranged parallel to each other.

6. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance element (4) has one of the following shapes: a) cuboid, b) cylinder, c) hollow cylinder, d) circular disk, e) prism.

7. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the current measuring resistor (1) is U-shaped in a side view, so that the two connecting parts (2, 3) extend in the same direction from the resistive element (4), or b) the current measuring resistor (1) is Z-shaped in a side view, so that the two connecting parts (2, 3) extend in opposite directions from the resistive element (4).

8. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the connecting parts (2, 3) in a top view of the current measuring resistor (1) enclose an angle (a) which is substantially 90°, with deviations of a maximum of ±15°, ±10°, ±5° or ±2°, so that the current measuring resistor (1) is L-shaped in the top view, or b) that the connecting parts (2, 3) enclose an angle (a) between 15° and 60° or between 25° and 45°, in particular 30°, in a top view of the current-sensing resistor (1), so that the current-sensing resistor (1) is V-shaped in top view, or c) that the connecting parts (2, 3) enclose an angle which is substantially 0°, with deviations of at most ±15°, ±10°, ±5° or ±2°, so that the current-sensing resistor (1) is Z-shaped in side view, or d) that the connecting parts (2, 3) enclose an angle which is substantially 180° in a top view of the current-sensing resistor (1), so that the current-sensing resistor (1) is U-shaped in side view.

9. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the current measuring resistor (1) has a first voltage tap (9) on the first terminal part (2), b) the current measuring resistor (1) has a second voltage tap (10) on the second terminal part (3), c) the current measuring resistor (1) optionally has a third voltage tap (12) on the resistive element (4), in particular in the case of only partial overlap of the resistive element (4) with the terminal parts (2, 3).

10. Current measuring resistor (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that a) the first voltage tap (9) is arranged on the first terminal part (2) on the upper side of the first terminal part (2) facing away from the resistance element (4), and b) the second voltage tap (10) is arranged on the second terminal part (3) on the lower side of the second terminal part (3) facing away from the resistance element (4).

11. Current measuring resistor (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that a) the first voltage tap (9) is arranged on a side edge of the first terminal part (2), b) the second voltage tap (10) is arranged on a side edge of the second terminal part (3), and / or c) the optional third voltage tap is arranged on a side edge of the resistance element (4).

12. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the first connecting part (2) is electrically and mechanically connected to a first busbar (18) on its upper side, in particular by a rivet, and b) the second connecting part (3) is electrically and mechanically connected to a second busbar (19) on its lower side, in particular by a rivet.

13. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the current measuring resistor (1) has the form of a cuboid, a prism or a circular disk, and b) a central bore (15) passes through the current measuring resistor (1) from the top to the bottom.

14. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first terminal part (2) and / or the second terminal part (3) has a relief, in particular a) as a notch that extends from the top to the bottom and prevents a current flow across the notch, or b) as a groove on the top or on the bottom that makes a current flow across the groove more difficult.

15. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first connection part (2) and / or the second connection part (3) has a recess, the recess serves for fastening, in particular by means of a) rivet (20), b) screw, c) clinch connection, in particular by means of a TOX® eClinch connection.

16. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the first connecting part (2) has the same width transverse to the current flow direction (b A i) how the resistive element (4) has or a different width, and / or b) that the second terminal part (3) has the same width perpendicular to the direction of current flow (b A ?) has a different width than the resistance element (4), and / or c) that the first connecting part (2) has the same width perpendicular to the direction of current flow (b A i) has a different width than the second connecting part (3).

17. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistive element (4) is connected to the terminal parts (2, 3) by one of the following connection types: a) soldered connection, in particular soft soldered connection or hard soldered connection, b) press-sintered connection, optionally with copper or silver as sintered material, optionally with a nanostructuring of the contact surfaces of the resistive element (4) and / or the terminal parts (2, 3), c) press-fit adhesive connection, optionally with an epoxy adhesive, optionally with a nanostructuring of the contact surfaces of the resistive element (4) and / or the terminal parts (2, 3), d) welded connection, in particular a spot weld or a laser weld, e) riveted connection, f) screw connection, g) clinch connection, in particular by a TOX® eClinch connection.

18. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the resistance element (4) is connected to the connection parts (2, 3) in the entire overlap area, and / or b) the resistance element (4) is connected to the connection parts (2, 3) only within a part of the overlap area, in particular only at points, in particular by b) a spot weld, b2) a rivet connection or b3) a clinch connection.

19. Current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the resistive element (4) is coated on its underside in the overlap area with the connecting parts (2, 3) with a coating (7, 8) to improve the adhesion of the resistive element (4) to the connecting parts (2, 3), b) that the coating (7, 8) optionally has a layer thickness of at least 1 pm, 2 pm, 5 pm, 10 pm, 20 pm and / or at most 500 pm, 250 pm, 100 pm, c) that the coating (7, 8) optionally contains copper, nickel, silver, titanium and / or chromium.

20. Current-sensing resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the conductor material of the connection parts (2, 3) is copper, a copper alloy, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and / or b) that the conductor material of the connection parts (2, 3) has a lower specific electrical resistance than the resistance material of the resistance element (4), and / or c) that the current-sensing resistor (1) has a resistance value that is less than 50 pQ, 100 pQ, 250 pQ, 500 pQ, 1 mQ, 10 mQ, 50 mQ or 100 mQ.Q, and / or d) that the resistive material is one of the following alloys: dl) nickel-chromium alloy, in particular NiCr20AlSi, d2) copper-manganese alloy, d3) copper-manganese-nickel alloy, d4) copper-nickel alloy, and / or e) that the resistive material of the resistive element (4) has a specific electrical resistance of less than 10000 pOcm, 1000 pOcm or 500 pOcm, and / or f) that the resistive material of the resistive element (4) has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm or 3 mm, and / or g) that the resistive element (4) is connected to a heat transfer element, in particular a heat pipe, for the dissipation of heat loss, and / or h) that the current-sensing resistor (1) has a current-carrying capacity of at least 10 A, 50 A, exhibits 100A, 200A, 500A or 1 kA under continuous load.

21. Current measuring device comprising a) a current measuring resistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, and b) a voltage measuring device (11; 13, 14) for measuring the voltage drop across the resistance element (4) of the current measuring resistor (1).

22. Current measuring device according to claim 21, characterized in that a) the current measuring resistor (1) has at least two voltage taps (9, 10, 12), b) the first voltage tap (9) is connected to the first terminal part (2), c) the second voltage tap (10) is connected to the second terminal part (3), and d) that the optional third voltage tap (12) is connected to the resistive element (4), e) that the voltage measuring device (11, 13, 14) has at least one measuring channel, f) that a measuring channel of the voltage measuring device (11, 13, 14) measures the voltage (UB) between the first voltage tap (9) and the second voltage tap (10), and / or g) that a measuring channel of the voltage measuring device (11, 13, 14) measures the voltage (Uu) between the first voltage tap (9) and the third voltage tap (12), and / or h) that a measuring channel of the voltage measuring device (11, 13, 14) measures the voltage (U23) between the second voltage tap (10) and the third voltage tap (12).

Images