Leporello fold-type solar installation and method for setting up the solar installation

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar installation having solar panels (2, 2') which are prefabricated in a Leporello fold (3), which can be unfolded in an unfolding direction (A), said installation having a substructure on which the solar panels are arranged, wherein the substructure is flexible in the unfolding direction (A) and is connected to the solar panels in a positionally fixed manner in such a way that the Leporello fold (3) of the solar panels can be unfolded with the substructure (8, 9, 10, 24) and determines angular positions of the solar panels (2, 2') relative to one another.

Description

[0001] Solar system in accordion folding and method for constructing the solar system

[0002] The invention relates to solar systems with solar panels that are pre-assembled in a leporello fold, as well as a method for constructing the solar system.

[0003] WO 2014 / 179893 A1 discloses a solar system with a plurality of solar panels arranged in a row. The solar panels are folded in a fan-fold format and can be unfolded along guide rods. The assembly is mounted on two supports on the ground. Unfortunately, this requires a separate support structure.

[0004] From CH 705 633 A1, a photovoltaic system is known with a plurality of solar modules arranged at a distance from one another, which disadvantageously can be unfolded along a separately constructed support, in particular a supporting cable.

[0005] DE 102015 121 200.5 discloses a method for erecting a roof structure for mobile solar power plants on a ground surface, comprising solar panels. The solar panels are folded in a fan-fold format and then extended along rails mounted on supports to form a roof surface. A disadvantage of this method is that it is only suitable for erecting a solar power plant with a relatively complex rail support structure.

[0006] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a solar system which can be positioned at several locations, such as on roof surfaces, ground or water surfaces, and which is also easier to install.

[0007] It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for constructing a solar system that can be used in several locations and is easy to carry out.

[0008] The object is achieved in its first aspect by a solar system mentioned at the outset having the features of claim 1.

[0009] The solar system according to the invention comprises solar panels that form a fanfold that can be unfolded in one direction of deployment and preferably folded in opposite to the direction of deployment. The foldable solar system comprises a substructure on which the solar panels are arranged, wherein the substructure is flexible, preferably pliable, in the direction of deployment and is fixedly connected to the solar panels in such a way that the fanfold of the solar panels can be unfolded with the substructure and determines the angular positions of the solar panels relative to one another.

[0010] The solar system can be deployed in multiple directions. However, one deployment direction is only one of several.

[0011] The substructure is preferably designed to be flexible along its entire length in the direction of deployment.

[0012] A fanfold here refers to solar panels arranged in a zigzag fold. The solar panels are arranged in a row in the unfolding direction and are hinged together along longitudinal edges transverse to the unfolding direction. The folding is preferably perpendicular to the unfolding direction. Each solar panel preferably has an edge on the substructure side and an edge away from the substructure. These edges are arranged transversely to the unfolding direction, with two immediately adjacent solar panels being hinged together either by two edges on the substructure side or by two edges away from the substructure.

[0013] All segments of the accordion fold can be designed as solar panels. It is also conceivable that a single segment, or periodically preferably every other segment, does not have solar panels, but instead serves as a filler or is designed as a framework.

[0014] The substructure is designed to be flexible in the unfolding direction. It can also be flexible in other directions. The substructure is flexible when folded and can also be flexible when unfolded and during operation. However, the substructure can also change its state during operation and unfolded and be rigid.

[0015] The fanfolded solar panels are preferably designed to unfold automatically with the substructure. When the substructure is unfolded, the solar panels unfold automatically. Ideally, the substructure extends the entire length of the solar system when unfolded. The substructure also serves as a foundation that can bear the total load of the solar system.

[0016] The accordion fold is fixed in position, preferably at attachment points on the substructure. This allows the accordion fold to unfold with the substructure, and the angular position of the solar panels relative to each other is determined. When the substructure is fully unfolded, the solar panels assume a specific angular position relative to each other, which is determined by the solar panels' attachment points on the substructure, the length of the solar panels in the unfolding direction, and the distance between the attachment points.

[0017] The substructure can be designed in different ways. It preferably comprises at least one hollow body extending in the direction of deployment and fillable with a medium. The medium is preferably a gas such as air or nitrogen, or a foam that hardens. The hollow bodies advantageously have a flexible, preferably fully flexible, surrounding wall and are preferably foldable.

[0018] Preferably, the hollow body filled with the medium generates sufficient buoyancy to keep the solar panels above the water surface of a body of water in which the solar system floats.

[0019] The filled hollow body exhibits a buoyancy sufficient to ensure that the fanfold remains permanently above the water surface. The solar system preferably floats on the water during operation and is secured against drifting by anchors, ropes, or similar devices.

[0020] In another preferred embodiment, the substructure has a flexible web running in the direction of deployment.

[0021] The term "web" is to be understood broadly. The at least one web can comprise at least one belt, at least one textile web, or at least one plastic film, or at least one rope.

[0022] The accordion fold is preferably glued to the substructure. However, it is also conceivable for the accordion fold to be detachably attached to the substructure, preferably using hook-and-loop fasteners. The distance between the attachment points of the accordion fold on the substructure determines the angle of inclination of the accordion fold relative to the substructure, preferably permanently. The angle of inclination is typically between 5° and 30°. A flat arrangement of 0° is also possible. Steeper angles of inclination lead to a reduction in power production at the sun's highest point when the unfolding direction is oriented east-west, but to higher yields in the morning and evening and allow for smaller inverter output. Higher angles of inclination also lead to better cleaning in the rain and less dirt deposits.

[0023] In another embodiment of the invention, the at least one hollow body serves as a support for the accordion fold on a non-solid surface. This can be a moist surface such as a moor or mudflat, or a largely dry surface such as the ground, or even the flat roof of a building. In these embodiments, the at least one hollow body can also be smaller or differently dimensioned than in the buoyant versions, because it does not need to generate buoyancy for the accordion fold.

[0024] The flexible sheet can be, for example, a textile or plastic sheet. The solar system is preferably mounted on a solid base. The accordion fold is preferably arranged entirely on the flexible sheet and preferably does not protrude at the sides, front, or back in the direction of deployment. The sheet can be designed to be light-reflecting to reflect light passing through the solar panels or scattered light onto the solar panels from behind. When implemented with bifacial solar modules, the yield is further increased if the albedo of the sheet is higher than that of the base.

[0025] The hollow body which can be filled with a medium preferably comprises two, preferably a plurality of, tubes arranged next to one another transversely to the direction of deployment and each extending in the direction of deployment.

[0026] Advantageously, the tubes are arranged at lateral sections of the accordion fold perpendicular to the unfolding direction, preferably at quarter points.

[0027] The hoses can each have a plurality of gas-tight chambers. Several gas-tight chambers can be connected to each other, for example, by pumps.

[0028] The hollow bodies can also be filled with foam to provide a stable substructure that still generates sufficient buoyancy in the water, even in the event of a pressure drop. The hollow bodies can be conveniently filled with granules or ballasting fluid. For floating solar systems, the amount of ballasting fluid can be adjusted to suit the sea state. For solar systems mounted on roofs or on the ground, the amount of ballasting fluid can be adjusted to the wind conditions at the location or temporarily reduced in the event of heavy snow loads.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, tubes of different cross-sections are arranged on opposite outer lateral sections of the fanfold. This also allows the roll angle of the fanfold to be adjusted around the unfolding direction.

[0030] In a further embodiment of the invention, a different number of tubes is arranged on opposite outer lateral sections of the fanfold in one cross-section, preferably in each cross-section. This also allows the roll angle to be adjusted as desired.

[0031] The tubes are designed with a transverse cross-section, preferably perpendicular to the direction of deployment, preferably round, particularly preferably circular in each cross-section, and can be filled with a gas, preferably air. However, other gases are also conceivable for filling.

[0032] The outer skin of a gas-inflatable hollow body is preferably designed as a gas-tight fabric sheet that is inflated in an operating state and is designed to support the fan-foldable solar panels. Air or nitrogen is preferably used as the gas.

[0033] Conveniently, tubes are bundled and arranged next to and / or one above the other on opposite lateral sections of the fanfold, transverse to the unfolding direction. It is generally advantageous to provide the tubes at least in pairs to create redundancy. This redundancy, together with the detachable fastening, also allows the replacement of hollow bodies during operation. Furthermore, by arranging several tubes one above the other, the roll angle of the fanfold can be adjusted. Preferably, at least one hollow body is provided that increases in height counter to the unfolding direction. This allows the pitch angle of the fanfold to be individually adjusted.

[0034] In another variant of the solar system, a series of hollow bodies are arranged side by side in the direction of deployment. The hollow bodies are preferably flat, particularly pillow-shaped or mattress-shaped. Flat hollow bodies that cover the largest possible water surface reduce evaporation, thus contributing to the conservation of water resources. Flat hollow bodies on pitched or horizontal roofs enable a more even load distribution, making it easier to maintain the maximum load-bearing capacity of buildings when using such systems. Furthermore, flat hollow bodies act as insulation.

[0035] Advantageously, the gas- or foam-filled hollow cores distribute loads relatively evenly on roofs or other load-sensitive substrates, ensuring the stability of the subsurface. Adjustable ballasting of the hollow cores and pockets allows adaptation to the current load, for example, due to snow or additional installations on a roof.

[0036] Preferably, the hollow bodies filled with gas and / or material, for example in a convection-reducing honeycomb structure with particularly low thermal conductivity, insulate the underlying surface from the surface.

[0037] Advantageously, waterproof solar panels, for example through waterproof glued tabs and / or a waterproof substructure, such as a film, protect the underlying surface against weather influences such as rain, dew or snow.

[0038] The pillow-shaped or mattress-shaped hollow bodies can become wedge-shaped and taller perpendicular to the unfolding direction, thus creating a roll angle. When unfolded approximately east-west, the lower side of the hollow body faces the equator, increasing solar yields through more favorable solar incidence angles. When the wedge is aligned in the unfolding direction, a pitch angle is created. When unfolded approximately north-south, the lower side of the hollow body faces the equator, increasing solar yields through more favorable solar incidence angles. Advantageously, adjacent edges of adjacent solar panels of the accordion fold that run side by side are connected to one another by means of flexible or hinged connections. This design is particularly simple and cost-effective. The tabs can be made of textile or plastic material.

[0039] The solar system is preferably designed to float on water when in operation; for example, it can be set up in operation on a lake or sea. However, in another embodiment, it is also conceivable to install the solar system on the ground, for example, on a fallow field. In both cases, the solar system according to the invention allows for rapid assembly of the solar system into operation as well as rapid dismantling of the solar system into transport mode. Due to the rapid dismantling of this type of solar system, they can be used particularly favorably for temporary applications and are also easier to recycle at the end of their service life.

[0040] Advantageously, the accordion fold is folded in the transport state, and sections of the at least one hollow body arranged between two adjacent solar panels are each arranged between the two adjacent solar panels. This protects the solar panels and the hollow bodies during transport, and the entire solar system, including the hollow bodies, is foldable.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one pump is provided which remains permanently in the solar system and enables one or more of the hollow bodies to be filled with gas.

[0042] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a pump is provided between a hollow body and a hollow body separated from it in a gas-tight manner, which pump enables the gas to be pumped from one hollow body to the other or vice versa. In particular, a control system can be provided which is connected to the pumps in a data-conducting manner and enables the position of the solar panels relative to the ground to be changed depending on the position of the sun. The gas is advantageously pumped in and out from western hollow bodies to eastern hollow bodies over the course of the day. In the case of accordion systems arranged approximately east-west, the inclination towards the sun can be changed over the course of the year by pumping. This allows the accordion folds to track the position of the sun, and a greater power yield is achieved. The hollow bodies are preferably arranged interchangeably on the solar panels.Velcro, screw, clamp or other detachable fasteners may be provided.

[0043] It is advantageous to provide winches for extending the solar panels, which are further away from the ground than the anchor points of the flexible substructure on the solar panels.

[0044] Preferably, gas- or liquid-filled hollow bodies are equipped with sensors, such as temperature, pressure, and / or humidity sensors, which are connected to an alarm system. Leakage in the gas-filled hollow bodies is detected by analyzing the measured values, and an alarm signal is generated, which is then sent to a control center or similar facility.

[0045] The object is achieved in its second aspect by a method mentioned at the outset having the features of claim 26.

[0046] The method is suitable for constructing the solar systems mentioned above; conversely, each of the solar systems mentioned above is suitable for implementing one of the methods described below. The statements regarding the device also apply to the method, and vice versa.

[0047] The method is suitable for constructing a solar system with solar panels arranged in a leporello fold by bringing the folded solar system to a location, pulling out a substructure which is flexible in one unfolding direction and fixedly connected to the solar panels, and unfolding the leporello fold.

[0048] The solar system is transported to the location in a transport state, i.e. folded up, and preferably aligned there. Preferably, transport locks are gradually released, the substructure is pulled out and the accordion fold unfolds.

[0049] The method according to the invention utilizes the idea of ​​providing a simple, time-saving, and thus cost-effective method for installing a solar energy system. The solar energy system can be installed floating on water or on a solid surface using this method. Preferably, the accordion fold unfolds automatically by extending the substructure.

[0050] The process is characterized by the fact that by inflating the hollow bodies, the leporello-like foldable solar panels conveniently unfold automatically to the correct angle of inclination and, thanks to the pre-positioning of the solar system, also in the correct orientation.

[0051] Ideally, the hollow bodies leading in the direction of deployment are first filled with a medium, and then the hollow bodies trailing in the direction of deployment are filled with the medium. The medium can be a gas, a liquid, or hardening foam.

[0052] Particularly preferably, the solar system is positioned in such a way that a container with the folded solar system is positioned directly next to the water surface or already partially submerged in the water, so that the inflatable hollow bodies can easily unfold along the water surface and the solar panels are drawn into the water by successively filling the hollow bodies or chambers of hollow bodies arranged one behind the other in the direction of unfolding. Other filling sequences are also conceivable; in particular, chambers can also be slowly inflated simultaneously. The still-folded Leporello system can also be transported to the installation site on ships or self-propelled barges / lighters and from there unfolded on the water surface.

[0053] Preferably, the solar system is deployed into a body of water, and the hollow bodies are dimensioned so that the solar system floats in the water. Therefore, it is preferable that the leading hollow bodies are initially inflated to a level sufficient to support the weight of the solar panels mounted on them.

[0054] In principle, however, it is also conceivable with regard to the process that the solar system is not installed on a body of water, but on a solid surface, preferably a sloping or horizontal roof, field, or similar.

[0055] A membrane can then be used as a substructure. The membrane can be a textile sheet, a rope, or a combination of these. Friction-reducing mats can be laid out on the solid surface beforehand. The mats also serve to protect the hollow elements from friction damage. This is especially true if the solar system is installed on a roof or other adhesive or rough surfaces.

[0056] To facilitate assembly on a solid surface, the successively inflated hollow bodies can be placed successively on rollers. The rollers facilitate the extraction of the hollow bodies.

[0057] A monitoring system continuously measures state variables such as pressure, temperature, and humidity in the hollow bodies, determines the current position of the system, and samples accelerations at high frequency to detect flow-, wind-, or wave-induced movements. This allows system aging to be documented, loose anchors to be detected, and leaks to be identified early. If critical thresholds are exceeded, maintenance alarms can be triggered and sent automatically.

[0058] A control system can operate pumps and valves that, by pumping the medium from one hollow body into another, separate from it in a medium-tight manner, adjust the position of the fanfold to the position of the sun, in particular changing the roll angle of the fanfold over the course of the day or year. The pumps can also fill or empty individual hollow bodies separately with the medium.

[0059] Ideally, electricity yields and yield-relevant environmental parameters such as radiation intensity and / or module temperatures and / or wind are continuously measured and the current system efficiency is algorithmically determined from the measured values. In the event of low system efficiency or other system malfunctions being detected, an alarm signal is issued and this data is continuously documented.

[0060] Preferably, the current geodetic positions of the Le pore Ho systems are continuously measured and recorded, both absolutely and relative to one another. High-frequency accelerations and angles are continuously measured, and / or water depths, waves, currents, water temperature profiles, water constituents, and chemical and physical water parameters are continuously measured to document current-, wind-, or wave-induced movements. Ideally, electricity yields and yield-relevant environmental parameters such as radiation intensity and / or module temperatures and / or wind are continuously measured, and the current system efficiency is algorithmically determined from the measured values. In the event of detected low system efficiency or other system malfunctions, an alarm signal is issued, and this data is continuously documented.

[0061] The invention is described using several exemplary embodiments in 22 figures. These show:

[0062] Fig. 1a a solar system according to the invention on two hollow bodies in a perspective view,

[0063] Fig. 1b a solar system according to the invention in a second embodiment on a track,

[0064] Fig. 1c a solar system according to the invention in a third embodiment on two belts,

[0065] Fig. 2a a fourth embodiment of the solar system,

[0066] Fig. 2b is a longitudinal sectional view of the solar system in Fig. 2a,

[0067] Fig. 3a a fifth embodiment of the solar system,

[0068] Fig. 3b is a longitudinal sectional view of the solar system in Fig. 3a,

[0069] Fig. 4a a sixth embodiment of the solar system,

[0070] Fig. 4b is a longitudinal sectional view of the solar system in Fig. 4a,

[0071] Fig. 5a a seventh embodiment of the solar system,

[0072] Fig. 5b is a longitudinal sectional view of the solar system in Fig. 5a,

[0073] Fig. 6a an eighth embodiment of the solar system,

[0074] Fig. 6b a longitudinal sectional view of the solar system in Fig. 6a,

[0075] Fig. 7a shows a ninth embodiment of the solar system according to the invention in a perspective view for support on a solid surface,

[0076] Fig. 7b a cross-sectional view of the solar system in Fig. 7a,

[0077] Fig. 8a is a perspective view of the solar system in a tenth embodiment for support on a solid surface,

[0078] Fig. 8b a sectional view of the solar system in Fig. 8a,

[0079] Fig. 8c a solar system in an eleventh embodiment,

[0080] Fig. 8d a sectional view of the solar system in Fig. 8c,

[0081] Fig. 9a a perspective view of the solar system with a pump,

[0082] Fig. 9b a sectional view of the solar system of Fig. 9a,

[0083] Fig. 10 Solar system with measuring sensors. A solar system 1 according to the invention has solar panels 2, 2' arranged in a fanfold 3. The fanfold 3 can be extended in an unfolding direction A and folded against the unfolding direction A. In the embodiment in Fig. 1a, the fanfold 3 has solar panels 2, 2' arranged next to one another. Each roof side of the fanfold 3 is designed as a solar panel 2, 2'. The fanfold 3 is understood here to be the solar panels 2, 2' arranged next to one another in the unfolding direction A, which have edges 4, 4' away from the substructure and edges 5, 5' towards the substructure. The solar panels 2, 2' are hingedly connected to each other at the edges 4, 4' away from the substructure with a short tab 6 and at the edges 5, 5' near the substructure with a long tab 7. The short tab 6 is shorter in the deployment direction A than the long tab 7.The accordion fold 3 is arranged on a substructure with two inflatable tubes 8, 9, which function as inflatable hollow bodies 10. For this purpose, the long tabs 7 on the substructure side are fixed in position on the tubes 8, 9, for example, glued or arranged in some other way. The solar panels that are at the front and rear in the direction of unfolding A also each have a tab on their substructure-side edge 5, 5', which is fixed to the tubes 8, 9.

[0084] Each solar panel 2, 2' consists of a multitude of individual solar cells arranged in a grid. The wiring of the individual solar cells and the connection of the solar panels 2, 2' to a power grid are not shown.

[0085] The solar system 1 in Fig. 1a, 1b, Fig. 2a, 2b, Fig. 3a, 3b, Fig. 4a, 4b, Fig. 5a, 5b and Fig. 6a, 6b is designed to float on water. It is a floating solar system 1. The hollow bodies 10 are dimensioned such that they generate sufficient buoyancy so that the accordion fold 3 is arranged completely above the water surface. The hollow bodies 10 themselves preferably protrude above the water surface with a section along their entire extended length. The solar system 1 is therefore particularly suitable for use as a floating solar system 1 in calm waters, preferably in lakes with low waves.

[0086] The hollow bodies 10 of floating solar systems 1 are generally, and also in this embodiment, completely or partially filled with air or another gas or foam. In particular, the application of a fanfold 3 on water has the additional beneficial effect of reducing water evaporation in very warm regions through shading and covering. It is conceivable to arrange a flexible intermediate sheet (not shown), preferably reflective, beneath the fanfold 3 so that light radiation passing through the solar panels 2, 2' is reflected back, thus increasing the power efficiency of the solar system 1 and reducing the evaporation of the water underneath.

[0087] The solar panels ideally have an inclination angle ß of between 10° and 15° when oriented east-west, and a flatter inclination angle ß when oriented north-south. In a north-south orientation, the inclination angle ß can also be zero. Other angles are also conceivable.

[0088] Fig. 1b shows a second embodiment of the solar system 1 according to the invention. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment of the solar system 1 according to the invention in that it has a different substructure. In the second embodiment, the substructure consists of a sheet 24 which is flexible at least in the unfolding direction A and which is continuous in the unfolding direction A. Two solar panels 2, 2' are fixedly positioned on the flexible sheet 24 at predetermined intervals, so that in the fully extended state according to Fig. 1b, the sheet forces the two adjacent solar panels 2, 2' into a roof position, wherein the slope of the roof has a predetermined angle ß. The flexible sheet 24 is a pliable sheet which, in the folded state, can be folded up in sections between two adjacent solar panels 2, 2'.

[0089] Fig. 1c shows a third embodiment of the solar system 1 according to the invention. The third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in Fig. 1a and the second embodiment in Fig. 1b, respectively, in that the substructure is implemented differently. The web 24, which is flexible or pliable in the direction of deployment A, is chosen here as two belts or cables 26, 27, which, in the state shown in Fig. 1c, are fully extended at least at the left end and thus also force adjacent solar panels 2, 2' into a roof angle with a roof pitch ß.

[0090] For the substructures, the at least one flexible web 24 and the cables 26, 27 can, of course, be designed differently. Multiple belts or cables 26, 27 can be used, multiple flat webs 24 can be used, or a combination thereof, to name just a few.

[0091] Fig. 2a shows the basically same structure of a solar system 1 as described in Fig. 1a. The accordion fold 3 has a larger number of solar panels 2, 2'. In Fig. 2a, only two solar panels 2, 2' are shown each. The solar system 1 also has two hollow bodies 10, which are designed as tubes 8, 9. Both tubes 8, 9 are preferably completely filled with gas. However, the tubes 8, 9 have different cross-sections, so that the accordion fold 3 of the floating solar system 1 is tilted by a roll angle α over its entire length along the deployment direction A. The solar system 1 in Figs. 1 and 2 is preferably oriented in an east-west direction. This means that the deployment direction A, and therefore also the orientation of the two tubes 8, 9, is in an east-west direction.

[0092] In Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b, the accordion fold 3 is tilted by the roll angle a, preferably in the direction of the equator, in order to increase the overall efficiency of the solar system 1. The tube 9 away from the equator has a larger cross-section than the tube 8 toward the equator.

[0093] The tilting of the Leporello fold 3 towards the equator can also be achieved according to the embodiments in Fig. 3a, 3b by using the tubes 8, 9 with the same cross-section, but the side of the Leporello fold 3 facing away from the equator rests on a bundle with a larger number of tubes 8 than the side of the Leporello fold 3 facing towards the equator. Only one tube 8 or two tubes 8 are provided facing the equator, which are also arranged horizontally next to one another, while the tube bundle facing away from the equator has tubes 9 arranged next to and, above all, one above the other, so that the Leporello fold 3 protrudes further above the water surface on the side facing away from the equator than on the equator side.

[0094] The embodiments in Fig. 4a, 4b, Fig. 5a, 5b and Fig. 6a, 6b provide a solar system 1 with pillow- or mattress-like hollow bodies 10. They are vertical in cross-section and rectangular with rounded corners in the deployment direction A. The mattress-shaped hollow bodies 10 are separated from one another; exactly one mattress-shaped hollow body 10 is provided under each pair of solar panels 2, 2'. The hollow bodies 10 in the solar systems 1 shown in Fig. 4, 4a and Fig. 5, 5a have a height that increases counter to the deployment direction A, so that the solar system 1 as a whole experiences a tilt by a pitch angle y in the deployment direction A when the solar system 1 floats on the water. A small pitch angle y can be useful, especially with a north-south orientation of the tubes 8, 9, or the deployment direction A, in order to slightly increase the overall efficiency of the solar system.

[0095] In principle, what has been said about the roll angle a and the pitch angle y as well as the inclination angle ß also applies to solar systems 1 that are located on a solid surface.

[0096] The solar system 1 in Figures 1a, 2a, and 3a has hollow bodies 10, preferably in the form of tubes 8, 9, as a substructure. The tubes are dimensioned such that they are filled with air or another gas, for example nitrogen, and generate sufficient buoyancy so that the entire solar system floats on the surface of a body of water. In principle, the aforementioned structures with the hollow bodies 10 in Figures 1a, 2a, and 3a can also be used on solid or marshy ground, as well as on house roofs. In cases where the ground is solid, the buoyancy bodies can be smaller in cross-section, since they do not have to generate buoyancy to keep the entire solar system above water.Particularly in the case of construction on house roofs, it may be provided that the hollow bodies are completely filled with a foam which hardens after foaming, so that the weight of the solar panels is distributed evenly over the longitudinal extent of the two or more hollow bodies 10.

[0097] In the embodiment shown in Figs. 4a, 4b, exactly one inflatable hollow body 10 is provided, which has a wedge-shaped structure in longitudinal section in the direction of deployment A. The hollow body 10 can, of course, like all other hollow bodies 10, have chambers not shown inside.

[0098] The embodiment in Figures 5a, 5b also shows a solar system, preferably in a north-south orientation, wherein a plurality of cuboid-shaped hollow bodies 10 are provided, each of which has a wedge-shaped shape in longitudinal section and which, in their overall arrangement, form a wedge-shaped shape in the unfolding direction A.

[0099] Figures 6a and 6b depict the solar system 1 with individual hollow bodies 10 arranged one behind the other in the direction of deployment A. All of these hollow bodies are identical, cubic in shape, and have a constant height across their entire length. If the mattress-shaped hollow bodies 10 are selected as the substructure, this solar system 1 can also be used for use on solid surfaces. Here, too, the hollow bodies 10 are preferably smaller and filled with hardening foam. Buoyancy is no longer required.

[0100] Figs. 7a, 7b and 8a, 8b describe two embodiments of the solar system 1, which are particularly intended for installation on a solid surface. This may be a temporarily flooded area, permanently and temporarily wet ground, solid ground, steeply sloped surfaces, or a roof, preferably a flat roof of a building.

[0101] To ballast the solar array 1, hoses (8, 9) in Fig. 7a, 7b can be filled with liquid, for example, water with glycol. They can be completely or partially filled. Filling with foam or granular material is also provided. Advantageously, a pocket 12, 13 extending over all or only part of the entire deployment direction A is provided on the outside of each of the two hoses 8, 9. These pockets can themselves also be filled with ballast material, thus counteracting the liftoff of the solar array 1 in windy conditions. Furthermore, this pocket reduces the possibility of the wind penetrating the hoses 8, 9.

[0102] Fig. 8a, 8b also shows a solar system 1 installed on a solid surface. Flat roofs, in particular, have a roughness that could damage the hollow bodies 10, so that an underlay mat 14 can be placed beneath one of the hollow bodies 10. This mat can be, for example, a textile or plastic mat. The other hollow body 10 is placed along a bearing 15. The bearing 15 is shown in Fig. 9a below the right-hand hose 9. The bearing 15 has a convex surface so that the hose 9 slides back into a specific desired position after it accidentally slips.

[0103] The curvature of the concave bearing 15 is adapted to the curvature of the hose, and wheels can also be provided on the sides of the concave bearing 15, so that the entire solar system 1 or the hose 9 can be moved over the solid ground during inflation. It can also be provided that the underlay mat 14 is arranged below the bearing 15, on which the concave bearing 15 can be moved with the side wheels.

[0104] Figures 8c and 8d show a further variant of the solar system 1. The hollow bodies 10 are designed as tubes 8, 9 and are extended on small carriages 28 in the deployment direction A. For example, here too, leading sections of the tubes 8, 9 can be inflated first, or the tubes 8, 9 can be only partially inflated and successively extended in the deployment direction on the carriage 28 by releasing transport clamps between the individual solar panels 2, 2'. After deployment, the carriages 28 can remain in place or be removed.

[0105] 9a, 9b show a further development of the solar energy system 1. Between various, separate hollow bodies 10, for example the two hoses 8, 9 shown in Fig. 9a, a pump 16 can be provided which pumps air from one hose 8 to the other hose 9. In particular, with a north-south orientation of the solar energy system 1, the western hose 8 is preferably more inflated in the morning than the eastern hose 9, so that the roll angle α, which inclines the leporello fold 3 to the east, is present, while the pump continuously adjusts the roll angle α over the course of the day to follow the sun, and in the evening the eastern hose 9 is more inflated than the western hose 8, so that a tilt by a roll angle α towards the west is present. The pump 16 is connected to the hollow bodies 10 by means of pump hoses 17.

[0106] While in a north-south orientation of the solar system, pumping over the course of the day significantly increases efficiency, in the embodiments of Fig. 4a, 4b and Fig. 5a, 5b, for example, pumping over can be dispensed with due to the wedge-shaped form of the hollow bodies 10, and an increase in efficiency is achieved by the permanent tilting of the solar system 1 towards the equator.

[0107] The solar system 1 is folded into the accordion fold 3 for transport. The folded solar system 1 is housed, for example, in a container. To assemble the solar system 1, a side container wall is folded out, and the two hollow bodies 10 are filled with air. Preferably, the hollow bodies 10 have chambers that are separate from one another in the unfolding direction A, and the chambers of the hollow bodies 10 that run forward in the unfolding direction A are filled with air first, so that the first two or the first few solar panels 2, 2' are pulled out of the container by the inflating chambers of the hollow bodies 10 and are automatically brought into their unfolded structure by the inflation of the hollow bodies 10. Preferably, the container is already positioned in or on the water for this purpose, and the hollow bodies 10 can slide into the water in the unfolding direction A as a result of the inflation.The hollow bodies 10 can be inflated with a pump. If the solar system 1 is installed on a solid surface, the underlay mats 14 can first be laid on the solid surface, along which the inflating hollow bodies 10 then slide. The hollow bodies 10 are preferably filled with water or foam. Filling with water or foam is also understood to be the term "inflating."

[0108] It is also conceivable that the hoses 8, 9 are laid successively as hollow bodies 10 on wheeled bearings, preferably with a concave support surface, and are then moved in the unfolding direction A over the floor or over the underlay mat 14 laid out on the floor.

[0109] Fig. 11 shows an arrangement of measuring sensors in the hollow bodies 20, measuring sensors for measuring environmental parameters 21 outside the hollow bodies, and radiation measuring devices 22 on the solar system 1. The arrangement of measuring sensors 20, 21, 22 is particularly suitable in connection with inflatable tubes 8, 9, which form buoyancy bodies and on which the entire solar system 1 floats on the water. Here, it is useful to constantly monitor the condition of the inflated tubes 8, 9 and to send an alarm in the event of defects in the tubes 8, 9 or a loss of buoyancy. Therefore, measuring sensors 20 such as pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity meters are provided in the tubes 8, 9; measuring sensors 21 such as temperature sensors and humidity meters can be provided outside the tubes 8, 9. Radiation sensors 22 are also present.Measurement data are collected in a data logger 23 and fed to a whose combined measured values ​​make it possible to determine whether a pressure drop or a pressure increase is caused only by the temperature change or by an air leak in the tubes 8, 9.

[0110] List of reference symbols

[0111] 1 solar system

[0112] 2 solar panels

[0113] 2' solar panel

[0114] 3 Leporello folding

[0115] 4 edge away from the substructure

[0116] 4' edge away from substructure

[0117] 5 substructure-side edges

[0118] 5' substructure side edges

[0119] 6 short tabs

[0120] 7 long tab

[0121] 8 hose

[0122] 9 Hose

[0123] 10 hollow bodies

[0124] 11 Reinforcement

[0125] 12 bags

[0126] 13 bag

[0127] 14 underlay mat

[0128] 15 warehouses

[0129] 16 Pump

[0130] 17 pump hoses

[0131] 18 roller system

[0132] 20 sensors in hollow body

[0133] 21 sensors for measuring environmental parameters

[0134] 22 Radiation measuring device

[0135] 23 data loggers

[0136] 24 flexible tracks

[0137] 26 Belt, rope

[0138] 27 Belt, rope

[0139] 28 cars a roll angle

[0140] Y Pitch angle ß Tilt angle

[0141] A direction of unfolding

Claims

Patent claims 1. Solar system with solar panels (2, 2') which are arranged in a leporello fold (3) which can be unfolded in a deployment direction (A), and a substructure on which the solar panels are arranged, characterized in that the substructure is flexible in the deployment direction (A) and is connected to the solar panels in a fixed position such that the leporello fold (3) of the solar panels can be unfolded with the substructure (8, 9, 10, 24) and, in an unfolded state, determines the angular positions of the solar panels (2, 2') relative to one another.

2. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the Leporello fold (3) of the solar panels (2, 2') can be unfolded automatically with the substructure (8, 9, 10, 24).

3. Solar system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the substructure (8, 9, 10, 24) extends in the unfolded state over an entire unfolded length of the solar system (1).

4. Solar system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the substructure (8, 9, 10, 24) in the unfolded state has at least one flexible hollow body (10) which can be filled with a medium and runs in the unfolding direction (A).

5. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substructure (8, 9, 10, 24) has at least one flexible web (24) running in the unfolding direction (A).

6. Solar system according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one flexible web (24) comprises at least one belt or one rope (26, 27).

7. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flexible hollow bodies (10) filled with a medium generate sufficient buoyancy to hold the solar panels (2, 2') above a water surface of a body of water in which the solar system (1) floats.

8. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow bodies (10) and / or additionally provided pockets (12, 13) can be filled with ballast permanently or variably.

9. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flexible hollow body which can be filled with a medium has a plurality of hoses (8, 9) arranged next to one another transversely to the unfolding direction (A) and each extending in the unfolding direction (A).

10. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow bodies (10) can be permanently filled with foam.

11. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flexible hollow bodies (10) have hoses (8, 9) which are arranged on lateral sections of the solar panels (3) perpendicular to the direction of deployment (A).

12. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes (8, 9) with different cross sections are arranged perpendicular to the unfolding direction (A) on opposite lateral sections of the leporello fold (3).

13. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a different number of hoses (8, 9) are arranged on opposite lateral sections of the leporello fold (3) of the solar panels (2, 2') in a cross section perpendicular to the unfolding direction (A).

14. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or a row of hollow bodies (10) are provided next to one another in the unfolding direction (A).

15. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one hollow body (10) is provided which increases in height counter to the direction of deployment (A). Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the accordion fold (3) is folded in a transport state, and sections of the flexible substructure (10) arranged between two adjacent solar panels (2, 2') are arranged between the two folded adjacent solar panels (2, 2'). Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow bodies (10) filled with gas or foam evenly distribute loads on roofs or other load-sensitive substrates, and the variable ballasting from claim 8 can be adapted to current loads (for example, due to snow or additional installations mounted on a roof).Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow bodies (10), which are filled with gas and / or material, in a honeycomb-like structure with particularly low thermal conductivity that reduces convection, serve to insulate the underlying surface from the surface. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that watertightly connected solar panels (10) protect the underlying surface against the effects of the weather by means of watertightly glued tabs (6, 7) and / or a watertight substructure with a film. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that measuring sensors (20, 21, 22) are provided in the hollow bodies (10) and / or outside the hollow bodies (10), and an alarm signal can be generated upon detection of a critical condition.Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pump (16) is provided that remains permanently with the solar system (1), which enables the hollow bodies (10) to be filled or emptied with gas. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control system is provided that is connected to the pump (16). is connected in a data-conducting manner and enables a change in the position of the accordion fold (3) relative to the ground in view of the position of the sun. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that hollow bodies (10) are arranged interchangeably on the solar panels (2, 2'). Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that winches are provided for extending the solar panels (2, 2'), which, during extension, are spaced further from the ground than attachment points of the flexible substructure (8, 9, 10, 24) on the solar panels (2, 2'). Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that temperature and / or pressure and / or humidity sensors are provided in hollow bodies (10) filled with gas, liquid or foam, which are connected to an alarm system.Method for constructing a solar system (1) with solar panels (2, 2') arranged in a concertina fold (3), by bringing the folded solar system (1) to a location, extending a substructure (8, 9, 10, 24) that is flexible in a direction of deployment and fixedly connected to the solar panels (2, 2'), and unfolding the concertina fold (3), while determining angular positions of the solar panels (2, 2') relative to one another. Method according to claim 26, characterized in that the concertina fold (3) is automatically unfolded by unfolding the substructure (8, 9, 10, 24). Method according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that first, leading hollow bodies (10) in the unfolding direction (A) are filled with a medium, and then, trailing hollow bodies (10) in the unfolding direction (A) are filled with the medium. Method according to one of claims 26, 27 or 28. characterized in that the solar system (1) is pulled out into a body of water and the hollow bodies (10) are dimensioned such that the solar system (1) floats on the hollow bodies (10) in the water.

30. Method according to one of claims 26 to 29, characterized in that the solar system (1) is pulled out on a solid base and friction-reducing underlay mats (14) are laid out on the solid base.

31. Method according to one of claims 26 to 30, characterized in that a control unit controls a pump (16) which, by pumping gas from a buoyancy body (10) into a buoyancy body (10) separated therefrom in a gas-tight manner, adjusts a position of the accordion fold (3) to the position of the sun.

32. Method according to one of claims 26 to 31, characterized in that physical state variables and / or the chemistry are continuously measured in hollow bodies (10) filled with gas, foam or liquid and the states of the hollow bodies (10) are determined from measured values ​​and in the event of an algorithmically determined fault or significant aging, an alarm signal is issued and the system states and conditions are continuously documented.

33. Method according to one of claims 26 to 32, characterized in that electricity yields and yield-relevant environmental parameters such as radiation intensity and / or module temperatures, and / or wind are measured continuously (10), the current system efficiency is determined algorithmically from the measured values ​​and in the event of low system efficiency or other system malfunctions being determined, an alarm signal is issued and the measured values ​​are continuously documented.

34. Method according to one of claims 26 to 33, characterized in that the current geodetic positions of Leporello systems are measured absolutely and relative to each other permanently, as well as accelerations and angles are measured high-frequency permanently, and / or water depth, waves, currents, water temperature profiles, Water constituents and chemical and physical water parameters are continuously measured in order to document and record current-, wind-, or wave-induced movements.

35. Method according to one of claims 26 to 34, characterized in that electricity yields and yield-relevant environmental parameters such as radiation intensity and / or module temperatures, and / or wind are continuously measured (10). The current system efficiency is algorithmically determined from the measured values. In the event of detected low system efficiency or other system malfunctions, an alarm signal is issued, and this data is continuously documented.

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